1
|
Espada-Bernabé E, Moreno-Martín G, Gómez-Gómez B, Madrid Y. Assesing the behaviour of particulate/nanoparticulate form of E171 (TiO 2) food additive in colored chocolate candies before and after in vitro oral ingestion by spICP-MS, TEM and cellular in vitro models. Food Chem 2024; 432:137201. [PMID: 37625301 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Potential risk of nanoparticles present in food additives should be assessed. Although food-grade additive E171 (TiO2) has been banned by European Union due to the potential occurrence of nanometric TiO2, it is still present in stock products and permitted in other countries. TiO2 (nano)particles from the outer coating of colored chocolate candies were determined by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) and spICP-MS (Single-Particle-ICP-MS). Total titanium content was in the range of 1219 ± 83 µg g-1, except for brown and white candies. Percentage of TiO2 particles bellow 100 nm was under 25% regardless the color, with most frequent size between 120 and 160 nm. In vitro gastrointestinal assays reveal differences in bioaccessibility percentages between whole candy (14%) or aqueous extracts of the coating of candy (37%). More than 90% of bioaccessible titanium was found in particulate form. Caco-2 cells viability decreased around 65% after 24 h exposed to intestinal fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Espada-Bernabé
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Moreno-Martín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Madrid
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Dong R, Liu T, Yang Y, Chang H, Meng X, Deng Y, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Song G, Hu Y. Nano-titanium dioxide exposure and autophagy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2084419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Ruoyun Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yaqian Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Hongmei Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Xiaojia Meng
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Yaxin Deng
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Yiman Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Guanling Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Yunhua Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Verleysen E, Brassinne F, Van Steen F, Waegeneers N, Cheyns K, Machiels R, Mathioudaki S, Jimenez IO, Ledecq M, Mast J. Towards a generic protocol for measuring the constituent particle size distribution of E171 in food by electron microscopy. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
4
|
Bouzakher-Ghomrasni N, Taché O, Leroy J, Feltin N, Testard F, Chivas-Joly C. Dimensional measurement of TiO 2 (Nano) particles by SAXS and SEM in powder form. Talanta 2021; 234:122619. [PMID: 34364428 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The market for nano-additive materials has been growing exponentially since 2012, with almost 5040 consumer products containing nanoparticles in 2021. In parallel, the increasing recommendations, definitions and legislations underline the need for traceability of manufactured nanoparticles and for methods able to identify and quantify the "nano" dimensional character in manufactured product. From a multi-technic approach, this paper aims to compare the mesurands extracted from SAXS/BET (specific surface area) and SEM (diameter equivalent to a projected surface area) on different TiO2 powder issued from referenced, synthesized materials, raw materials (additives) and extracted materials from manufactured products. The influence of various parameters such as the anisotropic factor, the interaction between particles, the size distribution and the extraction steps are discussed to illustrate their impact on the diameter values issued from two different measurands. These results illustrate the difficulties in (nano)particles characterization. SEM and SAXS are complementary techniques depending on the level of dimensional characterization required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najoua Bouzakher-Ghomrasni
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et D'Essais, Nanometrology, CARMEN Platform, 29 Avenue Hennequin, 78197, Trappes Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Taché
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jocelyne Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Feltin
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et D'Essais, Nanometrology, CARMEN Platform, 29 Avenue Hennequin, 78197, Trappes Cedex, France
| | - Fabienne Testard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Carine Chivas-Joly
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et D'Essais, Nanometrology, CARMEN Platform, 29 Avenue Hennequin, 78197, Trappes Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li B, Chua SL, Yu D, Chan SH, Li A. Separation and size characterization of highly polydisperse titanium dioxide nanoparticles (E171) in powdered beverages by using Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation hyphenated with Multi-Angle Light Scattering and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462059. [PMID: 33780882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of titanium dioxide as E171 food additive has become an issue of debate due to numerous reports that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) inside the products may pose risks to human health. However, there is still a lack of an official standardized methodology for the detection and size characterization of TiO2 particles in foods containing E171. In this study, a method was presented for size characterization of TiO2 particles with various independent verifications in coffee creamer and instant drink powders, using Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation hyphenated with Multi-Angle Light Scattering and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (AF4-MALS-ICP-MS). TiO2 particles from these products were well extracted, followed by their optimized AF4 separation using anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) (0.05%, pH 9) and mixed surfactant NovaChem (0.2%), respectively. Size determination of TiO2 NPs was conducted based on AF4 calibration with polystyrene nanospheres and verification with TiO2 NPs standard suspension of 100 nm under two different AF4 conditions. The TiO2 particle sizes detected ranged from 24.4 - 544.3 nm for coffee creamer and 27.7 - 574.3 nm for instant drink powders, with the TiO2 NPs detection recoveries of 75% and 92%, respectively. Hydrodynamic diameters from AF4 size calibration could be independently validated by the gyration diameters from online MALS measurement. The established approach was demonstrated to be reliable and pragmatic for size profiling of highly polydisperse TiO2 particles and thus useful for monitoring E171 in similar foodstuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837, Singapore
| | - Sew Lay Chua
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837, Singapore
| | - Dingyi Yu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837, Singapore.
| | - Sheot Harn Chan
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837, Singapore
| | - Angela Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Givelet L, Truffier-Boutry D, Noël L, Damlencourt JF, Jitaru P, Guérin T. Optimisation and application of an analytical approach for the characterisation of TiO 2 nanoparticles in food additives and pharmaceuticals by single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 224:121873. [PMID: 33379082 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to optimise an analytical method for characterising TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in food additives and pharmaceuticals by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in single particle mode (spICP-MS). Several parameters, including transport efficiency (TE), were assessed and optimised using the NM-100 reference material. We found that self-aspiration for sample intake and use of the concentration-based method for TE was optimal for characterising TiO2 NPs. No spectral interference was observed with either 49Ti or 48Ti isotopes. The optimised Excel spreadsheet developed for this study not only provided additional parameters but gave results closer to the NM-100 reference value than the ICP-MS software. The method was then applied to the analysis of a selection of food samples and pharmaceuticals. The average diameter of TiO2 particles ranged from 86 to 179 nm in the food samples and from 131 to 197 nm in the pharmaceuticals, while the nanoparticular fraction was between 19 and 68% in food, and between 13 and 45% in pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Givelet
- Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Laurent Noël
- The French Directorate General for Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-16 Food and Forestry, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Petru Jitaru
- Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Medina-Reyes EI, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Díaz-Urbina D, Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Déciga-Alcaraz A, González MI, Reyes JL, Villamar-Duque TE, Flores-Sánchez ML, Hernández-Pando R, Mancilla-Díaz JM, Chirino YI, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) induces anxiety, adenomas in colon and goblet cells hyperplasia in a regular diet model and microvesicular steatosis in a high fat diet model. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111786. [PMID: 33038453 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) is a white additive widely used in solid and liquid food products. There is still debate about E171 toxic effects after oral consumption since this additive is deposited in colon, liver, spleen, testis and brain. The consumption of E171 commonly occurs with Western diets that are characterized by a high fat content. Thus, E171 could worsen adverse effects associated with a high fat diet (HFD) such as anxiety, colon diseases and testicular damage. We aimed to evaluate the effects of E171 on anxiety-like behavior, colon, liver and testis and to analyze if the administration of a HFD could exacerbate adverse effects. E171 was administered at ~5 mg/kgbw by drinking water for 16 weeks and mice were fed with a Regular Diet or a HFD. E171 promoted anxiety, induced adenomas in colon, goblet cells hypertrophy and hyperplasia and mucins overexpression, but had no toxic effects on testicular tissue or spermatozoa in regular diet fed-mice. Additionally, E171 promoted microvesicular steatosis in liver in HFD fed-mice and the only HFD administration decreased the spermatozoa concentration and motility. In conclusion, E171 administration increases the number of adenomas in colon, induces hypertrophy and hyperplasia in goblet cells and microvesicular steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Norma L Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Díaz-Urbina
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Ibarra
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marisol I González
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José L Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Tomás E Villamar-Duque
- Bioterio de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Lo Flores-Sánchez
- Bioterio de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, CP 14000, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan M Mancilla-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Verleysen E, Waegeneers N, Brassinne F, De Vos S, Jimenez IO, Mathioudaki S, Mast J. Physicochemical Characterization of the Pristine E171 Food Additive by Standardized and Validated Methods. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E592. [PMID: 32213951 PMCID: PMC7153509 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
E171 (titanium dioxide) is a food additive that has been authorized for use as a food colorant in the European Union. The application of E171 in food has become an issue of debate, since there are indications that it may alter the intestinal barrier. This work applied standardized and validated methodologies to characterize representative samples of 15 pristine E171 materials based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). The evaluation of selected sample preparation protocols allowed identifying and optimizing the critical factors that determine the measurement of the particle size distribution by TEM. By combining optimized sample preparation with method validation, a significant variation in the particle size and shape distributions, the crystallographic structure (rutile versus anatase), and the physicochemical form (pearlescent pigments versus anatase and rutile E171) was demonstrated among the representative samples. These results are important for risk assessment of the E171 food additive and can contribute to the implementation of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidance on risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Verleysen
- Trace elements and nanomaterials, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Uccle, Belgium; (F.B.); (S.D.V.); (I.O.J.); (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Nadia Waegeneers
- Trace elements and nanomaterials, Sciensano, Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium;
| | - Frédéric Brassinne
- Trace elements and nanomaterials, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Uccle, Belgium; (F.B.); (S.D.V.); (I.O.J.); (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Sandra De Vos
- Trace elements and nanomaterials, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Uccle, Belgium; (F.B.); (S.D.V.); (I.O.J.); (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Isaac Ojea Jimenez
- Trace elements and nanomaterials, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Uccle, Belgium; (F.B.); (S.D.V.); (I.O.J.); (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Stella Mathioudaki
- Trace elements and nanomaterials, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Uccle, Belgium; (F.B.); (S.D.V.); (I.O.J.); (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jan Mast
- Trace elements and nanomaterials, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Uccle, Belgium; (F.B.); (S.D.V.); (I.O.J.); (S.M.); (J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodríguez-Escamilla JC, Medina-Reyes EI, Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Déciga-Alcaraz A, Flores-Flores JO, Ganem-Rondero A, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Terrazas LI, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Chirino YI. Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) by solid or liquid matrix administration induces inflammation, germ cells sloughing in seminiferous tubules and blood-testis barrier disruption in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1586-1605. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Escamilla
- Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Estado de México México
| | - Estefany I. Medina-Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Estado de México México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Estado de México Mexico
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Ibarra
- Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Estado de México México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Estado de México Mexico
| | - Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz
- Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Estado de México México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Estado de México Mexico
| | - José O. Flores-Flores
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria; Ciudad de México
| | - Adriana Ganem-Rondero
- División de Estudios de Posgrado (Tecnología Farmacéutica); Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Estado de México Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Estado de México México
| | - Luis I. Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Estado de México México
| | - Norma L. Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Estado de México México
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Estado de México México
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Food Additives by Asymmetric-Flow Field-Flow Fractionation Coupled to Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry—a Pilot Study. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
11
|
Enzymatic hydrolysis as a sample pre-treatment for titanium dioxide nanoparticles assessment in surimi (crab sticks) by single particle ICP-MS. Talanta 2019; 195:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Xu F. Review of analytical studies on TiO 2 nanoparticles and particle aggregation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, stabilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:662-677. [PMID: 30173113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in industrial and consumer products. Comprehensive and accurate detection, characterization, and quantification of TiO2 NPs are important for understanding the specific property, behavior, fate, and potential risk of TiO2 NPs in natural and engineered environments. This review provides a summary of recent analytical studies of TiO2 NPs and their aggregation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, stabilization under a wide range of conditions and processes. Much attention is paid on sample preparation prior to an analytical procedure, analysis of particle size, morphology, structure, state, chemical composition, surface properties, etc., via measurements of light scattering and zeta potential, microscopy, spectroscopy, and related techniques. Recently, some advanced techniques have also been explored to characterize TiO2 NPs and their behaviors in the environment. Many issues must be considered including distinction between engineered TiO2 NPs and their naturally occurring counterparts, lack of reference materials, interlaboratory comparison, when analyzing low concentrations of TiO2 NPs and their behaviors in complex matrices. No "ideal" technique has emerged as each technique has its own merits, biases, and limitations. Multi-method approach is highlighted to provide in-depth information. Improvements of analytical method for determination of TiO2 NPs have been recommended to be together with exposure modelers and ecotoxicologists for maximum individual and mutual benefit. Future work should focus on developing analytical technology with the advantages of being reliable, sensitive, selective, reproducible, and capable of in situ detection in complicated sample system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7431, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Proquin H, Jetten MJ, Jonkhout MCM, Garduño-Balderas LG, Briedé JJ, de Kok TM, van Loveren H, Chirino YI. Transcriptomics analysis reveals new insights in E171-induced molecular alterations in a mouse model of colon cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9738. [PMID: 29950665 PMCID: PMC6021444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide as a food additive (E171) has been demonstrated to facilitate growth of chemically induced colorectal tumours in vivo and induce transcriptomic changes suggestive of an immune system impairment and cancer development. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the tumour stimulatory effects of E171 in combination with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and compare these results to a recent study performed under the same conditions with E171 only. BALB/c mice underwent exposure to 5 mg/kgbw/day of E171 by gavage for 2, 7, 14, and 21 days. Whole genome mRNA microarray analyses on the distal colon were performed. The results show that E171 induced a downregulation of genes involved in the innate and adaptive immune system, suggesting impairment of this system. In addition, over time, signalling genes involved in colorectal cancer and other types of cancers were modulated. In relation to cancer development, effects potentially associated with oxidative stress were observed through modulation of genes related to antioxidant production. E171 affected genes involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics which can form reactive intermediates resulting in toxicological effects. These transcriptomics data reflect the early biological responses induced by E171 which precede tumour formation in an AOM/DSS mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Proquin
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marlon J Jetten
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes C M Jonkhout
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacob J Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Loveren
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Estado de México, Mexico.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, DE Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
DeLoid GM, Wang Y, Kapronezai K, Lorente LR, Zhang R, Pyrgiotakis G, Konduru NV, Ericsson M, White JC, De La Torre-Roche R, Xiao H, McClements DJ, Demokritou P. An integrated methodology for assessing the impact of food matrix and gastrointestinal effects on the biokinetics and cellular toxicity of ingested engineered nanomaterials. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:40. [PMID: 29029643 PMCID: PMC5640936 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly added to foods to improve their quality, sensory appeal, safety and shelf-life. Human exposure to these ingested ENMs (iENMS) is inevitable, yet little is known of their hazards. To assess potential hazards, efficient in vitro methodologies are needed to evaluate particle biokinetics and toxicity. These methodologies must account for interactions and transformations of iENMs in foods (food matrix effect) and in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that are likely to determine nano-biointeractions. Here we report the development and application of an integrated methodology consisting of three interconnected stages: 1) assessment of iENM-food interactions (food matrix effect) using model foods; 2) assessment of gastrointestinal transformations of the nano-enabled model foods using a three-stage GIT simulator; 3) assessment of iENMs biokinetics and cellular toxicity after exposure to simulated GIT conditions using a triculture cell model. As a case study, a model food (corn oil-in-water emulsion) was infused with Fe2O3 (Iron(III) oxide or ferric oxide) ENMs and processed using this three-stage integrated platform to study the impact of food matrix and GIT effects on nanoparticle biokinetics and cytotoxicity . METHODS A corn oil in phosphate buffer emulsion was prepared using a high speed blender and high pressure homogenizer. Iron oxide ENM was dispersed in water by sonication and combined with the food model. The resulting nano-enabled food was passed through a three stage (mouth, stomach and small intestine) GIT simulator. Size distributions of nano-enabled food model and digestae at each stage were analyzed by DLS and laser diffraction. TEM and confocal imaging were used to assess morphology of digestae at each phase. Dissolution of Fe2O3 ENM along the GIT was assessed by ICP-MS analysis of supernatants and pellets following centrifugation of digestae. An in vitro transwell triculture epithelial model was used to assess biokinetics and toxicity of ingested Fe2O3 ENM. Translocation of Fe2O3 ENM was determined by ICP-MS analysis of cell lysates and basolateral compartment fluid over time. RESULTS It was demonstrated that the interactions of iENMs with food and GIT components influenced nanoparticle fate and transport, biokinetics and toxicological profile. Large differences in particle size, charge, and morphology were observed in the model food with and without Fe2O3 and among digestae from different stages of the simulated GIT (mouth, stomach, and small intestine). Immunoflorescence and TEM imaging of the cell culture model revealed markers and morphology of small intestinal epithelium including enterocytes, goblet cells and M cells. Fe2O3 was not toxic at concentrations tested in the digesta. In biokinetics studies, translocation of Fe2O3 after 4 h was <1% and ~2% for digesta with and without serum, respectively, suggesting that use of serum proteins alters iENMs biokinetics and raises concerns about commonly-used approaches that neglect iENM - food-GIT interactions or dilute digestae in serum-containing media. CONCLUSIONS We present a simple integrated methodology for studying the biokinetics and toxicology of iENMs, which takes into consideration nanoparticle-food-GIT interactions. The importance of food matrix and GIT effects on biointeractions was demonstrated, as well as the incorporation of these critical factors into a cellular toxicity screening model. Standardized food models still need to be developed and used to assess the effect of the food matrix effects on the fate and bioactivity of iENMs since commercial foods vary considerably in their compositions and structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen M. DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yanli Wang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Klara Kapronezai
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Laura Rubio Lorente
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Roujie Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Nagarjun V. Konduru
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jason C. White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504 USA
| | - Roberto De La Torre-Roche
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504 USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - David Julian McClements
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sieg H, Kästner C, Krause B, Meyer T, Burel A, Böhmert L, Lichtenstein D, Jungnickel H, Tentschert J, Laux P, Braeuning A, Estrela-Lopis I, Gauffre F, Fessard V, Meijer J, Luch A, Thünemann AF, Lampen A. Impact of an Artificial Digestion Procedure on Aluminum-Containing Nanomaterials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10726-10735. [PMID: 28903564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum has gathered toxicological attention based on relevant human exposure and its suspected hazardous potential. Nanoparticles from food supplements or food contact materials may reach the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we monitored the physicochemical fate of aluminum-containing nanoparticles and aluminum ions when passaging an in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal tract. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ion beam microscopy (IBM), secondary ion beam mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the single-particle mode were employed to characterize two aluminum-containing nanomaterials with different particle core materials (Al0, γAl2O3) and soluble AlCl3. Particle size and shape remained unchanged in saliva, whereas strong agglomeration of both aluminum nanoparticle species was observed at low pH in gastric fluid together with an increased ion release. The levels of free aluminum ions decreased in intestinal fluid and the particles deagglomerated, thus liberating primary particles again. Dissolution of nanoparticles was limited and substantial changes of their shape and size were not detected. The amounts of particle-associated phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, and calcium increased in intestinal fluid, as compared to nanoparticles in standard dispersion. Interestingly, nanoparticles were found in the intestinal fluid after addition of ionic aluminum. We provide a comprehensive characterization of the fate of aluminum nanoparticles in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, demonstrating that orally ingested nanoparticles probably reach the intestinal epithelium. The balance between dissolution and de novo complex formation should be considered when evaluating nanotoxicological experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Kästner
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krause
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University , Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Agnès Burel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes, 35700 Rennes, France
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University , Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes, 35700 Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of contaminants unit, ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Cedex, Fougères, France
| | - Jan Meijer
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University , Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|