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Jakubek-Kipa K, Galiniak S, Mazur A. Progranulin and Vaspin as Potential Novel Markers in the Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes in Children. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1165. [PMID: 39064594 PMCID: PMC11279224 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a significant health problem, prompting the search for new therapeutic strategies. Recently, researchers have focused on identifying novel markers for the progression of this condition. It is well established that adipokines, such as progranulin and vaspin, play crucial roles in regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Materials and Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study aimed to assess serum progranulin and vaspin levels in 80 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to examine their correlation with body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile. The cohort included 40 children newly diagnosed with diabetes, 40 children with long-term diabetes (20 well-controlled and 20 poorly controlled), and 14 non-diabetic children as a control group. Progranulin and vaspin levels were determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There were no significant differences in the progranulin and vaspin concentrations in the studied groups (p = 0.246 and p = 0.095, respectively). No statistically significant differences were noted in the levels of both adipokines among boys and girls within the T1D, well-controlled T1D, and poorly controlled T1D groups. We did not find any differences in the progranulin and vaspin levels among all children with T1D and healthy controls when divided based on BMI percentiles. A negative correlation was observed between progranulin concentration and the age of children in the T1D, well-controlled T1D, and healthy groups. Furthermore, progranulin correlated negatively with BMI among children with T1D. In contrast, vaspin concentration correlated positively with age among healthy children. Conclusions: Our study provides novel insights into the status of progranulin and vaspin among pediatric participants with varying levels of type 1 diabetes control. However, further research involving larger patient cohorts and different stages of sexual maturation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jakubek-Kipa
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Sabina Galiniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Metabolomics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
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Jin Z, Zhang Q, Liu K, Wang S, Yan Y, Zhang B, Zhao L. The association between interleukin family and diabetes mellitus and its complications: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 210:111615. [PMID: 38513987 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and summarize the association between interleukin (IL) concentrations and diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. METHODS Meta-analyses and eligible individual studies of observational studies investigating the associations between IL and DM and its complications were included. The random-effects model was used to estimate the summary effect, and the heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Q-statistic and the I2 metric; The Egger's regression and the χ2 test were used to test for small study effects and excess significance bias. RESULTS This overview identified 34 meta-analyses that investigated the association between IL concentrations and DM and its complications. Meta-analyses of prospective studies indicated that elevated circulating IL-6 and IL-1β had predictive value for the incident of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as well as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the overall Hazard Ratio (HR) of T2DM was 1.28 (95 % CI: 1.17, 1.40; P<0.001) per 1 log pg/ml increment in IL-6 levels, however, there was no correlation between circulating IL-10 levels and DM. Meanwhile, the increased level of IL-6 was significantly associated several diabetic complications (Diabetic kidney disease[DKD], diabetic peripheral neuropathy[DPN], and cognitive impairment[CI]), and for the diabetic retinopathy (DR), the levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-10 in the aqueous humor and vitreous humor, but not the blood were significantly correlated with it. CONCLUSION Multiple ILs, such as the IL-6 and IL-1β, are definitively linked to DM and its complications, and they may be new targets for the diagnosis and treatment, but stronger evidence needs to be confirmed by prospective studies with larger sample sizes and longer observation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Jin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Health Construction Administration Center, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China.
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Otoda T, Sekine A, Uemoto R, Tsuji S, Hara T, Tamaki M, Yuasa T, Tamaki T, Matsuhisa M, Aihara KI. Albuminuria and Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Prospective Study. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:127-143. [PMID: 37883001 PMCID: PMC10786751 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large-scale clinical trials of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) demonstrate proteinuria-reducing effects in diabetic kidney disease, even after treatment with renin-angiotensin inhibitors. The precise mechanism for this favorable effect remains unclear. This prospective open-label single-arm study investigated factors associated with a reduction in proteinuria after SGLT2i administration. METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who had glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥ 6.5% despite dietary and/or oral hypoglycemic monotherapy were recruited and administered the recommended daily dose of SGLT2i for 4 months. Dual primary outcomes were changes in the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) and urine liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP)-to-creatinine ratio (uL-FABPCR) at month 4 from baseline. Changes in kidney injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers were investigated as secondary endpoints to examine the effects of this treatment on the kidney. The correlation between renal outcomes and clinical indicators, including circulating tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) 1 and 2, was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Participants (n = 123) had a mean age of 64.1 years (SD 13.4), with 50.4% being male. The median BMI was 25.8 kg/m2 (interquartile range (IQR) 23.1-28.9), and the median HbA1c level was 7.3% (IQR 6.9-8.3). After SGLT2i administration, the uACR declined from 19.2 mg/gCr (IQR 7.1-48.7) to 13.3 mg/gCr (IQR 7.5-31.6), whereas the uL-FABPCR was not influenced. In univariate analysis, the change in log-transformed uACR due to SGLT2i administration showed a positive correlation with the change in serum TNFR1 level (R = 0.244, p < 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis, including confounding factors, showed that the changes in serum TNFR1 level were independently associated with the changes in the log-transformed uACR (independent t = 2.102, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION After the 4-month SGLT2i administration, decreased albuminuria level was associated with decreased serum TNFR level in patients with T2DM. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000031947.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Otoda
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 18-15, 3 Chome, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Akiko Sekine
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 18-15, 3 Chome, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryoko Uemoto
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 18-15, 3 Chome, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Seijiro Tsuji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, 6-1, Kawahara, Takarada-cho, Anan City, Tokushima, 774-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Hara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 18-15, 3 Chome, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Tamaki
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tamaki Aozora Hospital, 56-1, Kitakashiya, Aza Hayabuchi, Kokufu-cho, Tokushima, 779-3125, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 18-15, 3 Chome, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tamaki
- Department of Urology, Anan Medical Center, 6-1, Kawahara, Takarada-cho, Anan City, Tokushima, 774-0045, Japan
| | - Munehide Matsuhisa
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 18-15, 3 Chome, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 18-15, 3 Chome, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Utility of urinary progranulin in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with renal function. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-01018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Carpes LS, Nicoletto BB, Canani LH, Rheinhemer J, Crispim D, Souza GC. Could serum zonulin be an intestinal permeability marker in diabetes kidney disease? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253501. [PMID: 34170951 PMCID: PMC8232531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zonulin is a protein associated with the tight junction complex opening at the intestinal epithelium, previously linked to obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its role in CKD has not been totally elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate zonulin levels in subjects with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This case-control study included two cases groups: 1) Advanced DKD cases: T2DM patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60ml/min/1.73m2; 2) Albuminuric T2DM cases: diabetic patients with urinary albumin excretion (UAE) >30mg/g creatinine, but with eGFR>60ml/min/1.73m2. Two control groups were also included: 1) T2DM controls: patients with T2DM without impaired kidney function; 2) Non-T2DM controls: subjects without T2DM and normal renal function. Serum levels of zonulin were measured by ELISA. Eighty-six individuals were included. Zonulin levels was different among study groups (P = 0.003). T2DM controls presented higher zonulin levels than non-T2DM controls [(131.35 (83.0–170.5) vs. 87.25 (54.7–111.8), P = 0.018] and advanced DKD cases [63.72 (45.03–106.0); P = 0.007]. Zonulin showed a positive correlation with eGFR (r = 0.222; P = 0.040), total cholesterol (r = 0.299; P = 0.034), LDL (r = 0.258; P = 0.021), and negative with albuminuria (r = -0.243; P = 0.024) and body fat (r = -0.271; P = 0.014). In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, zonulin levels were independently associated to renal outcomes [OR 0.99 (0.98–0.99, P = 0.012)] after 5-year inclusion. In conclusion, increased zonulin levels in patients with TD2M without renal disease suggest an impaired intestinal permeability. Moreover, its association with renal outcomes could indicate its use as a disease monitoring marker. However, the mechanisms behind this association should be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Salomoni Carpes
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Henrique Canani
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Rheinhemer
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Corrêa Souza
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Differential organ-specific inflammatory response to progranulin in high-fat diet-fed mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1194. [PMID: 33441916 PMCID: PMC7806827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) has been reported to bind tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and to inhibit TNFα signaling. We evaluated the effect of augmentation of TNFα signaling by PGRN deficiency on the progression of kidney injury. Eight-week-old PGRN knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a standard diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Albuminuria, markers of tubular damage, and renal mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were higher in HFD-fed KO (KO-HFD) mice than in HFD-fed WT (WT-HFD) mice. Body weight, vacuolization in proximal tubules, and systemic and adipose tissue inflammatory markers were lower in the KO-HFD mice than in the WT-HFD mice. The renal megalin expression was lower in the KO mice than in the WT mice regardless of the diet type. The megalin expression was also reduced in mouse proximal tubule epithelial cells stimulated with TNFα and in those with PGRN knockdown by small interfering RNA in vitro. PGRN deficiency was associated with both exacerbated renal inflammation and decreased systemic inflammation, including that in the adipose tissue of mice with HFD-induced obesity. Improved tubular vacuolization in the KO-HFD mice might partially be explained by the decreased expression of megalin in proximal tubules.
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Nguyen AD, Malmstrom TK, Niehoff ML, Aziz A, Miller DK, Morley JE. Serum progranulin levels are associated with frailty in middle-aged individuals. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238877. [PMID: 32886731 PMCID: PMC7473561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A recent study identified progranulin as a candidate biomarker for frailty, based on gene expression databases. In the present study, we investigated associations between serum progranulin levels and frailty in a population-based sample of late middle-age and older adults. METHODS We utilized a cohort study that included 358 African Americans (baseline ages 49-65). Frailty was assessed by three established methods: the interview-based FRAIL scale, the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) frailty scale that includes performance-based measurements, and the Frailty Index (FI) that is based on cumulative deficits. Serum levels of the following proteins and metabolites were measured: progranulin, cystatin C, fructosamine, soluble cytokine receptors (interleukin-2 and -6, tumor necrosis factor α-1 and -2), and C-reactive protein. Sarcopenia was assessed using the SARC-F index. Vital status was determined by matching through the National Death Index (NDI). RESULTS Serum progranulin levels were associated with frailty for all indices (FRAIL, CHS, and FI) but not with sarcopenia. Inflammatory markers indicated by soluble cytokine receptors (sIL-2R, sIL-6R, sTNFR1, sTNFR2) were positively associated serum progranulin. Increased serum progranulin levels at baseline predicted poorer outcomes including future frailty as measured by the FRAIL scale and 15-year all-cause mortality independent of age, gender, and frailty. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that serum progranulin levels may be a candidate biomarker for physical frailty, independent of sarcopenia. Further studies are needed to validate this association and assess the utility of serum progranulin levels as a potential biomarker for prevalent frailty, for risk for developing incident frailty, and for mortality risk over and above the effect of baseline frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Nguyen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Theodore K. Malmstrom
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Niehoff
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Asef Aziz
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Douglas K. Miller
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John E. Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Tian G, Jin X, Wang Q, Ye T, Li G, Liu J. Recent advances in the study of progranulin and its role in sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106090. [PMID: 31869774 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The mortality rate of in-hospital patients whose conditions are complicated by sepsis remains high in spite of intensive-care treatment, therefore placing a significant financial burden on the health care system. In recent years, progranulin (PGRN), a cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP), has been found to play a crucial role in sepsis. PGRN participates in the pathogenesis of sepsis via diverse pathways, including bacterial clearance, cell growth and survival, tissue repair, and the regulation of inflammation. PGRN knockout mice suffer from serious infectious processes, whereas therapeutic administration of recombinant PGRN to such mice enhances bacterial clearance and reduces organ injury and mortality rate. Even though PGRN plays an important role in regulating sepsis, its potential mechanisms have not been completely clarified. In this review, we summarize the most recent research advances in the study of PGRN and its role in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinrui Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases (Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University), Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Guangrong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Brock J, Schmid A, Karrasch T, Pfefferle P, Schlegel J, Busse I, Hauenschild A, Schmidt B, Koukou M, Arapogianni E, Schultz A, Thomalla M, Akinci S, Kruse J, Padberg W, Schäffler A, Albrecht J. Progranulin serum levels and gene expression in subcutaneous vs visceral adipose tissue of severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:400-410. [PMID: 31102282 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progranulin represents an adipokine putatively mediating insulin resistance and inflammation. Data in humans are sparse, and the source of circulating progranulin in obesity is unknown. OBJECTIVES Serum progranulin concentrations and subcutaneous (sc) as well as visceral (vis) adipose tissue (AT) progranulin expression were quantified in a large cohort of patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) (n = 153) or a low-calorie diet (LCD) (n = 121). COHORTS AND METHODS Paired serum and AT mRNA samples were obtained from patients with severe obesity undergoing BS (ROBS cohort; Research in Obesity and Bariatric Surgery). Serum progranulin was measured by ELISA in both cohorts, and AT mRNA expression was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR in bariatric patients. RESULTS There was no gender-specific effect in serum progranulin or AT progranulin expression. Importantly, circulating progranulin was independent from adipose tissue gene expression in paired samples. sc AT progranulin expression was higher than in vis AT (P = 0.027), and there was a positive correlation between sc AT and vis AT gene expression (P < 0.001; r = +0.34). Serum progranulin strongly and rapidly increased after BS within 3 days and remained elevated up to 12 months. Serum progranulin was strongly correlated with serum CTRP-3 levels. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides detailed progranulin gene expression data in sc and vis AT in a large, prospective and observational cohort of patients with severe obesity. Serum progranulin concentrations are not predicted by sc or vis AT progranulin gene expression. Thus, AT seems not to be the main source of circulating progranulin levels in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Brock
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Petra Pfefferle
- Comprehensive Biobank Marburg (CBBMR), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Schlegel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Inga Busse
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annette Hauenschild
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Transplant Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maria Koukou
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Efthymia Arapogianni
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schultz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Miriam Thomalla
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Secil Akinci
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Winfried Padberg
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Transplant Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Albrecht
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Transplant Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Zhou D, Zhou M, Wang Z, Fu Y, Jia M, Wang X, Liu M, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Tang W, Yi F. Progranulin alleviates podocyte injury via regulating CAMKK/AMPK-mediated autophagy under diabetic conditions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1507-1520. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Albeltagy ES, Hammour AE, Albeltagy SA. Potential value of serum Progranulin as a biomarker for the presence and severity of micro vascular complications among Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:217-228. [PMID: 31275893 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) calls for evolving a concomitant screening strategies for early disease detection and prediction of the complications. Progranulin (PRGN) was recently introduced as a biomarker of inflammation in T2DM. However, little data have been published as regarding progranulin in relation to diabetic micro angiopathy among Egyptian patients with T2DM. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate and evaluate serum progranulin as a biomarker for the presence and severity of micro vascular complications among Egyptian patients with T2DM. Methods A total of 90 age and sex matched participants were included in this cross sectional study. They were divided into group 1 included 30 non diabetic healthy controls and group 2 included 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, diabetic patients were categorized into two subgroups depending on the presence or absence of microvascular complications. Evaluation for diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy were determined. Furthermore, laboratory investigations were performed and serum progranulin levels were measured by a quantitative sandwich enzyme linked immune sorbent assay. Results The mean serum PRGN levels were significantly elevated in type 2 diabetic patients (20.90 ± 6.38 ng/ml) compared to control group (9.20 ± 1.41 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). Moreover,the serum PRGN levels were increased parallel to the severity of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) with significantly highest detectable values were in macro albuminuric group of diabetic nephropathy as well as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) groups (P < 0.001). Besides, it worth mentioning that, the level of Serum progranulin started to increase significantly in stage 2 DN in spite of normal level of albuminuria. There were highly significant positive correlation between serum PRGN and disease duration, body mass index (BMI),fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, Total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG), serum creatinine, ACR (r = 0.918, 0.623, 0.430, 0.539,0.910,0.842,0.759, 0.903, resp., P < 0.001) and a significant positive correlation with low density lipoprotein (LDL) (r = 0.344),but there was a highly significant negative correlation between serum PRGN and eGFR (r = -0.866, P < 0.001) in the studied diabetic patients. Conclusion Progranulin might be considered as a biomarker for diabetic micro angiopathy and its severity. In addition, there is a group of diabetic patients with decreased eGFR but without albuminuria in which serum PRGN level was indicated to be used as an early biomarker of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Salah Albeltagy
- 1Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Salah Ahmad Albeltagy
- 3Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt
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Association between circulating tumor necrosis factor-related biomarkers and estimated glomerular filtration rate in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15302. [PMID: 30333553 PMCID: PMC6193030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development/progression of diabetic kidney disease. The involvement of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related biomarkers [TNFα, progranulin (PGRN), TNF receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2)] and uric acid (UA) in renal function decline was investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Serum TNF-related biomarkers and UA levels were measured in 594 Japanese patients with T2D and an eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Four TNF-related biomarkers and UA were negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In a logistic multivariate model, each TNF-related biomarker and UA was associated with lower eGFR (eGFR <60mL /min/1.73 m2) after adjustment for relevant covariates (basic model). Furthermore, UA and TNF-related biomarkers other than PGRN added a significant benefit for the risk factors of lower eGFR when measured together with a basic model (UA, ΔAUC, 0.049, p < 0.001; TNFα, ΔAUC, 0.022, p = 0.007; TNFR1, ΔAUC, 0.064, p < 0.001; TNFR2, ΔAUC, 0.052, p < 0.001) in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. TNFR ligands were associated with lower eGFR, but the associations were not as strong as those with TNFRs or UA in patients with T2D and an eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2.
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Nicoletto BB, Sarmento RA, Pedrollo EF, Krolikowski TC, Canani LH. Association between progranulin serum levels and dietary intake. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202149. [PMID: 30118483 PMCID: PMC6097684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progranulin (PGRN) is secreted by adipose tissue and has been linked to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is evidence that a high fat diet increases PGRN expression in rodent adipose tissue. In humans, the relationship between diet composition and concentration of PGRN is still unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between dietary intake and serum PGRN levels. METHODS This is an exploratory cross-sectional study including 85 subjects. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and anthropometric data were collected. Serum PGRN was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after overnight fasting. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire validated for Brazilian southern population. Focused principal component analyses (FPCA) was used to verify the association of dietary components and food groups with PGRN levels. Sensitivity analyses were performed including only subjects with reporting according to the Goldberg and Black cut-offs of energy intake-energy expenditure ratio between 0.76 and 1.24. RESULTS The median PGRN was 51.96 (42.18 to 68.30) ng/mL. Analyzing all sample, the FPCA showed no association of serum PGRN with total energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat and its types, fiber intake and dietary glycemic index; but a significant and positive association between solid fats and PGRN levels (p<0.05). Including only subjects with reporting according cut-off of energy intake-energy expenditure ratio between 0.76 and 1.24, FCPA showed significant and positive association of serum PGRN with saturated fatty acids and solid fats intake (p<0.05). In this subgroup, PGRN correlated with saturated fatty acids (r = 0.341; p = 0.031). Solid fats intake was independently associated to serum PGRN (beta = 0.294; p = 0.004) in multivariate model. CONCLUSION The dietary intake of solid fats, mainly represented by saturated fatty acids, is associated to serum PGRN concentration in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bellincanta Nicoletto
- Post Graduate Medical Sciences Program: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Nutrition Course, Área do Conhecimento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberta Aguiar Sarmento
- Post Graduate Medical Sciences Program: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elis Forcellini Pedrollo
- Post Graduate Medical Sciences Program: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thaiana Cirino Krolikowski
- Nutrition Course, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Canani
- Post Graduate Medical Sciences Program: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Nicoletto BB, Pedrollo EF, Carpes LS, Coloretti NG, Krolikowski TC, Souza GC, Gonçalves LFS, Manfro RC, Canani LH. Progranulin serum levels in human kidney transplant recipients: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192959. [PMID: 29499059 PMCID: PMC5834191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipokine progranulin has metabolic proprieties, playing a role in obesity and insulin resistance. Its levels seems to be dependent of renal function, since higher progranulin concentration is observed in patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, the effect of kidney transplantation on progranulin remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the serum progranulin levels in kidney transplant recipients before and after kidney transplantation. METHODS Forty-six prospective kidney transplant recipients were included in this longitudinal study. They were evaluated before transplantation and at three and twelve months after transplantation. Clinical, anthropometric and laboratorial measurements were assessed. Progranulin was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Serum progranulin significantly decreased in the early period after transplantation (from 72.78 ± 2.86 ng/mL before transplantation to 40.65 ± 1.49 ng/mL at three months; p<0.01) and increased at one year (53.15 ± 2.55 ng/mL; p<0.01 vs. three months), remaining significantly lower than before transplantation (p<0.01) (pover time<0.01). At one year after transplantation, there was a significant increase in body mass index, trunk fat and waist circumference compared to immediate period after transplantation. Progranulin was associated with waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose after adjusted for age, gender, study period, glomerular filtration rate, interleukin-6, high sensitivity C reactive protein and adiponectin. CONCLUSION Progranulin serum levels are increased before transplantation and a reduction is observed in the early period after transplantation, possibly attributed to an improvement in renal function. At one year after transplantation, an increment in progranulin is observed, seems to be independent of glomerular filtration, and remained significantly lower than before transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bellincanta Nicoletto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Life Science Knowledge Area, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Salomoni Carpes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natália Gomes Coloretti
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Corrêa Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luis Henrique Canani
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Brosius FC, Ju W. The Promise of Systems Biology for Diabetic Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:202-213. [PMID: 29580584 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has a complex and prolonged pathogenesis involving many cell types in the kidney as well as extrarenal factors. It is clinically silent for many years after the onset of diabetes and usually progresses over decades. Given this complexity, a comprehensive and unbiased molecular approach is best suited to help identify the most critical mechanisms responsible for progression of DKD and those most suited for targeted intervention. Systems biological investigations provide such an approach since they examine the entire network of molecular changes that occur in a disease process in a comprehensive way instead of focusing on a single abnormal molecule or pathway. Systems biological studies can also start with analysis of the disease in humans, not in animal or cell culture models that often poorly reproduce the changes in human DKD. Indeed, in the last decade, systems biological approaches have led to the identification of critical molecular abnormalities in DKD and have directly led to development of new biomarkers and potential treatments for DKD.
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