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de Sousa Pinto M, Fontoura LGO, da Rosa Borges I, Vieira de Melo Bisneto A, Rosa de Oliveira G, Carneiro LC, Chen Chen L, Vieira de Moraes Filho A. Evaluation of infliximab-induced genotoxicity and possible action on BCL-2 and P53 genes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:752-761. [PMID: 38922576 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2368619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Although the last pandemic created an urgency for development of vaccines, there was a continuous and concerted effort to search for therapeutic medications among existing drugs with different indications. One of the medications of interest that underwent this change was infliximab (IFM). This drug is used as an anti-inflammatory, predominantly in patients with Crohn 's disease, colitis ulcerative, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition to these patients, individuals infected with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) were administered this chimeric monoclonal antibody (IMF) to act as an immunomodulator for patients in the absence of comprehensive research. Consequently, the present study aimed to examine the genotoxic effects attributed to IFM treatment employing different assays in vivo using mouse Mus musculus. Therefore, IFM was found to induce genotoxic effects as evidenced by the comet assay but did not demonstrate genotoxic potential utilizing mouse bone marrow MN test. The results of evaluating the expression of the P53 and BCL-2 genes using RT-qPCR showed stimulation of expression of these genes at 24 hr followed by a decline at 48 hr. Although the comet assay provided positive results, it is noteworthy that based upon negative findings in the micronucleus test, the data did not demonstrate significant changes in the genetic material that might affect the therapeutic use of IFM. The stimulation of expression of P53 and BCL-2 genes at 24 hr followed by a decline at 48 hr suggest a transient, if any, effect on genetic material. However, there is still a need for more research to more comprehensively understand the genotoxic profile of this medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murillo de Sousa Pinto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Health Assistance and Evaluation, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Alfredo Nasser University Center, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Abel Vieira de Melo Bisneto
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Lílian Carla Carneiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Aroldo Vieira de Moraes Filho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Health Assistance and Evaluation, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Alfredo Nasser University Center, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Baysal M, Karaduman AB, Korkut Çelikateş B, Atlı-Eklioğlu Ö, Ilgın S. Assessment of the toxicity of different antiretroviral drugs and their combinations on Sertoli and Leydig cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38647040 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2336506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus continues to pose a significant global public health challenge, affecting millions of individuals. The current treatment strategy has incorporated the utilization of combinations of antiretroviral drugs. The administration of these drugs is associated with many deleterious consequences on several physiological systems, notably the reproductive system. This study aimed to assess the toxic effects of abacavir sulfate, ritonavir, nevirapine, and zidovudine, as well as their combinations, on TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cells. The cell viability was gauged using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed via the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) test, and DNA damage was determined using the comet assay. Results indicated cytotoxic effects at low drug concentrations, both individually and combined. The administration of drugs, individually and in combination, resulted in the production of ROS and caused damage to the DNA at the tested concentrations. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the administration of antiretroviral drugs can lead to testicular toxicity by promoting the generation of ROS and DNA damage. Furthermore, it should be noted that the toxicity of antiretroviral drug combinations was shown to be higher compared to that of individual drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Baysal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Burak Karaduman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Büşra Korkut Çelikateş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Atlı-Eklioğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Ilgın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Alpire MES, de Souza DV, Masutti CMDCB, Caseiro MM, Ribeiro DA. Cytogenetic changes in oral mucosa cells from individuals submitted to oral human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis use. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20230961. [PMID: 37971137 PMCID: PMC10645041 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate cytogenetic changes in individuals submitted to oral human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis use through the micronucleus test in oral mucosa. METHODS This study consisted of 37 individuals, of whom 17 comprised the pre-exposure prophylaxis group and 20 comprised the control group. A total of 2,000 cells per slide were analyzed for the determination of micronuclei, binucleation, nuclear buds, and cytotoxicity parameters: pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis (KR), in a double-blind manner. The repair index was also evaluated in this setting. RESULTS In the mutagenicity parameters, the pre-exposure prophylaxis group showed increased frequencies of micronuclei (p=0.0001), binucleation (p=0.001), and nuclear buds (p=0.07). Regarding the cytotoxicity parameters, there was an increase with a statistical difference (p≤0.05) in the karyorrhexis frequency (p=0.001). Additionally, the repair system efficiency decreased in the pre-exposure prophylaxis group. CONCLUSION These results indicate that individuals undergoing pre-exposure prophylaxis use have geno- and cytotoxicity in oral mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esther Suarez Alpire
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Departamento de Biociências – Santos (SP), Brazil
| | - Daniel Vitor de Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Departamento de Biociências – Santos (SP), Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Departamento de Biociências – Santos (SP), Brazil
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Alpire MES, de Souza DV, Masutti CMDCB, Caseiro MM, Ribeiro DA. Cytogenetic changes in oral mucosal cells of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral treatment. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20230397. [PMID: 37729225 PMCID: PMC10511285 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate possible cytogenetic changes in children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy, through the micronucleus test in oral mucosa. METHODS This was a prospective study consisted of 40 individuals, of whom 21 comprised the human immunodeficiency virus group and 19 comprised the control group. Children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were <18 years old and consent in participating in the study. The exclusion criteria were the presence of numerous systemic comorbidities, oral lesions, the habit of smoking, alcohol consumption, and X-rays or CT scans taken within 15 days prior to sample collection. A gentle scraping was performed on the inner portion of the jugal mucosa on both sides. A total of 2,000 cells per slide were analyzed for the determination of mutagenicity parameters as follows: micronuclei, binucleation, and nuclear buds. For measuring cytotoxicity, the following metanuclear changes were evaluated: pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis, in a double-blind manner. The repair index was also evaluated in this setting. RESULTS The human immunodeficiency virus group showed high frequencies of micronuclei (p=0.05), binucleated cells (p=0.001), and nuclear buds (p=0.03). In the cytotoxicity parameters, represented by the cell death phases, there was an increase with statistical difference (p≤0.05) in the karyorrhexis frequency (p=0.05). Additionally, repair index was decreased in the human immunodeficiency virus group. CONCLUSION These results indicate that human immunodeficiency virus -infected individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy have cytogenetic changes in oral mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esther Suarez Alpire
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Biosciences – Santos (SP), Brazil
| | - Daniel Vitor de Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Biosciences – Santos (SP), Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Biosciences – Santos (SP), Brazil
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Clonal Hematopoiesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050686. [PMID: 36899822 PMCID: PMC10001188 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of antiretroviral therapies (ART) has tremendously improved the life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH), which is currently similar to the general population. However, as PLWH are now living longer, they exhibit various comorbidities such as a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defined malignancies. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is the acquisition of somatic mutations by the hematopoietic stem cells, rendering them survival and growth benefit, thus leading to their clonal dominance in the bone marrow. Recent epidemiologic studies have highlighted that PLWH have a higher prevalence of CH, which in turn is associated with increased CVD risk. Thus, a link between HIV infection and a higher risk for CVD might be explained through the induction of inflammatory signaling in the monocytes carrying CH mutations. Among the PLWH, CH is associated with an overall poorer control of HIV infection; an association that requires further mechanistic evaluation. Finally, CH is linked to an increased risk of progression to myeloid neoplasms including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which are associated with particularly poor outcomes among patients with HIV infection. These bidirectional associations require further molecular-level understanding, highlighting the need for more preclinical and prospective clinical studies. This review summarizes the current literature on the association between CH and HIV infection.
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Ellwanger JH, Kulmann-Leal B, Ziliotto M, Chies JAB. HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation. Viruses 2023; 15:155. [PMID: 36680195 PMCID: PMC9867034 DOI: 10.3390/v15010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity is critical for proper cell functioning, and chromosome instability can lead to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome instability is caused by multiple factors, including replication stress, chromosome missegregation, exposure to pollutants, and viral infections. Although many studies have investigated the effects of environmental or lifestyle genotoxins on chromosomal integrity, information on the effects of viral infections on micronucleus formation and other chromosomal aberrations is still limited. Currently, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease treatable by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, HIV-infected individuals still face important health problems, such as chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. In this context, this article reviews studies that have evaluated genomic instability using micronucleus assays in the context of HIV infection. In brief, HIV can induce chromosome instability directly through the interaction of HIV proteins with host DNA and indirectly through chronic inflammation or as a result of ART use. Connections between HIV infection, immunosenescence and age-related disease are discussed in this article. The monitoring of HIV-infected individuals should consider the increased risk of chromosome instability, and lifestyle interventions, such as reduced exposure to genotoxins and an antioxidant-rich diet, should be considered. Therapies to reduce chronic inflammation in HIV infection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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7
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Moses AK, Ghazi T, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon A. The effect of ARVs on the MEKKK1 gene promoter, inflammatory cytokine expression and signalling in acute treated Jurkat T cells. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:1041-1051. [PMID: 36637009 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2168575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ARVs alter the methylation status of the MEKKK1 gene promoter in acute treated Jurkat T cells with inflammatory outcomesInflammation is reduced in patients under going antiretroviral therapy; however the mechanism is not well understood. We investigated DNA methylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKKK1) gene promoter in Jurkat T cells to determine whether the antiretroviral drugs, lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, dolutegravir, TLD (a combination of TDF, 3TC and DTG) and efavirenz modify the methylation status of the MEKKK1 gene - a known stimulus of inflammation.Acute antiretroviral treatments (24 h) were not cytotoxic to Jurkat T cells. MEKKK1 promoter hypomethylation occurred in cells treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza), TDF and 3TC, and MEKKK1 promoter hypermethylation occurred in cells treated with DTG; however, promoter DNA methylation of the MEKKK1 gene did not influence MEKKK1 gene expression; therefore, these drugs did not epigenetically regulate MEKKK1 and downstream signalling by promoter DNA methylation. Acute TLD and EFV treatments induced inflammation in Jurkat T cells by increasing MEKKK1, MAPK/ERK and NFκB expression, and activating tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression. ARVs decreased IL-10 gene expression, showing no anti-inflammatory activity.The data shows that the inflammation caused by ARVs is not related to the methylation status of MEKKK1 gene promoter and suggests an alternative stimulus via post-transcriptional/post-translational modifications may activate the canonical MEKKK1/NFκB pathway that leads to inflammation. Finally, an increase in NFκB activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine activation seemed to occur via the MAPK/ERK pathway following ARV treatments in Jurkat T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avril Kirsten Moses
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Medical Biochemistry, Nelson Mandela University Medical School, Bethelsdorp, South Africa
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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8
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Ezeh M, Okonkwo OE, Okpoli IN, Orji CE, Modozie BU, Onyema AC, Ezebuo FC. Chemoinformatic Design and Profiling of Derivatives of Dasabuvir, Efavirenz, and Tipranavir as Potential Inhibitors of Zika Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase and Methyltransferase. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33330-33348. [PMID: 36157724 PMCID: PMC9494688 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is one of the mosquito-borne flaviviruses of human importance with more than 2 million suspected cases and more than 1 million people infected in about 30 countries. There are reported inhibitors of the zika virus replication machinery, but no approved effective antiviral therapy including vaccines directed against the virus for treatment or prevention is currently available. The study investigated the chemoinformatic design and profiling of derivatives of dasabuvir, efavirenz, and tipranavir as potential inhibitors of the zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and/or methyltransferase (MTase). The three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of dasabuvir, efavirenz, and tipranavir were obtained from the PubChem database, and their respective derivatives were designed with DataWarrior-5.2.1 using an evolutionary algorithm. Derivatives that were not mutagenic, tumorigenic, or irritant were selected; docked into RdRP and MTase; and further subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) evaluation with Swiss-ADME and pkCSM web tools. Some of the designed compounds are Lipinski's rule-of-five compliant, with good synthetic accessibilities. Compounds 20d, 21d, 22d, and 1e are nontoxic with the only limitation of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and/or CYP2C9 inhibition. Replacements of -CH3 and -NH- in the methanesulfonamide moiety of dasabuvir with -OH and -CH2- or -CH2CH2-, respectively, improved the safety/toxicity profile. Hepatotoxicity in 5d, 4d, and 18d is likely due to -NH- in their methanesulfonamide/sulfamic acid moieties. These compounds are potent inhibitors of N-7 and 2'-methylation activities of ZIKV methyltransferase and/or RNA synthesis through interactions with amino acid residues in the priming loop/"N-pocket" in the virus RdRP. Synthesis of these compounds and wet laboratory validation against ZIKV are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine
I. Ezeh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka 420110, Anambra
State, Nigeria
| | - Onyinyechi E. Okonkwo
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka 420110, Anambra
State, Nigeria
| | - Innocent N. Okpoli
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka 420110, Anambra
State, Nigeria
- Drug
Design and Informatics Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chima E. Orji
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin U. Modozie
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka 420110, Anambra
State, Nigeria
| | - Augustine C. Onyema
- Department
of Biochemistry, Graduate Center, City University
of New York (CUNY), New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Fortunatus C. Ezebuo
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka 420110, Anambra
State, Nigeria
- Drug
Design and Informatics Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
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9
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Identification and Characterization of the miRNAs and Cytokines in Response to Leishmania infantum Infection with Different Response to Treatment. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:403-410. [PMID: 34622398 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the complexity of cytokine and microRNA function in progression and/or suppression of an infection, in this study, we examined miR-3473f, miR-2128, miR-6994-5p, miR-7093-3p, miR-5128, miR-574-5p, miR-7235, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 in patients with VL caused by Leishmania infantum in an in vivo study. METHODS Sampling was carried out from patient with leishmaniasis and with different responses to treatment during March 2016-January 2020. DNA was extracted and purified using QIAamp Kit. The L. infantum were cultured in DMEM medium and protein content was determined by the Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit. Cytokines were evaluated using a MILLIPLEX MAP Mouse Cytokine/Chemokine Panel I kit. The relative expression of miRNAs was measured in duplicate using automatic thermocycler ABI Prism 7500 sequence detection system (Applied Bio-systems) using the TaqMan MicroRNA Assay kit. RESULTS The real-time PCR assay revealed that miR-2128, miR-6994-5p, miR-7093-3p, miR-5128, miR-574-5p and miR-7235 were down-regulated and miR-3473 were up-regulated in patients with semi-resistance and resistance parasite strain (P < 0.05). In the current work, cytokine patterns in patients who were slow-to-clear or unable-to-clear L. infantum infection during drug treatment were seen to have decreased protective Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-ɤ, P < 0.001) and increased Th2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, P < 0.001). No association was seen with IL-4 in patients with different treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION Overall, the results of a recent study have shown that cytokines and microRNAs can play a key role in response to treatment, and more comprehensive studies are needed to support this hypothesis.
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Melo Bisneto AVD, Oliveira LCD, Silva Fernandes A, Silva LS, Véras JH, Cardoso CG, E Silva CR, de Moraes Filho AV, Carneiro CC, Chen-Chen L. Recombinogenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects of azathioprine using in vivo assays. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:261-271. [PMID: 33372579 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1864692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Azathioprine (Aza) is a purine antimetabolite immunosuppressant that is widely employed for immunosuppressive therapy in post-transplant recipients or patients with autoimmune diseases. Chronic use of immunosuppressants might produce several side effects, including a high rate of neoplasms in these patients. Considering that genotoxic effects are associated with an increased risk of developing cancer, the aim of this study was to examine the recombinogenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects of Aza using Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster, as well as comet and micronucleus assays in mouse bone marrow cells. Further, the adverse effects of Aza were determined in mouse hepatic and renal tissues using histopathological analysis. Data demonstrated that Aza induced significant increased genotoxicity in D. melanogaster and mouse bone marrow cells at all concentrations tested. Homologous recombination was the predominant genotoxic event noted for the first time to be initiated by Aza in SMART. In histopathological analysis, Aza did not show any marked toxic activity in mouse hepatic and renal tissues. Therefore, the high rate of neoplasms reported in patients with long-term use of Aza may be attributed, at least partially, to the genotoxic action of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V D Melo Bisneto
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - L C D Oliveira
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - A Silva Fernandes
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - L S Silva
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - J H Véras
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - C G Cardoso
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carolina R E Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - A V de Moraes Filho
- Institute of Health Sciences, Alfredo Nasser University, Aparecida de Goiânia, Brazil
| | - C C Carneiro
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Paulista, Campus Flamboyant, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - L Chen-Chen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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11
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vonRanke NL, Ribeiro MMJ, Miceli LA, de Souza NP, Abrahim-Vieira BA, Castro HC, Teixeira VL, Rodrigues CR, Souza AMT. Structure-activity relationship, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic studies of diterpenes from marine natural products with anti-HIV activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3185-3195. [PMID: 33183161 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1845977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is a global epidemic whose treatment is limited majorly by viral resistance and adverse effects. Natural products from algae have been studied for many years, including antiviral, being an alternative to anti-HIV drug design. Since the isolation of natural products can be a hurdle, molecular modeling is an important tool to study these compounds. Herein, structure-activity relationship, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic studies were performed to direct the studies of ten marine natural products with anti-HIV activity. In the structure-activity relationship, descriptors were identified associating the anti-HIV activity of five diterpenes with possible action on the reverse transcriptase allosteric site. These diterpenes were evaluated by molecular docking, and it was identified that only dolabelladienetriol interacted in the allosteric site. Molecular dynamics suggested that the dolabelladienetriol might interfere with the viral RNA binding to HIV-1 RT by inducing a conformational change of the enzyme. Also, in silico ADMET simulations predicts that the dolabelladienetriol present a high potential to be successfully developed as a drug. Thus, applying in silico approaches was possible to suggest potential anti-HIV compounds derived from marine natural products.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L vonRanke
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M M J Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L A Miceli
- Laboratory of Antibiotics, Biochemistry, Education and Molecular Modeling (LABiEMol), Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - N P de Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B A Abrahim-Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - H C Castro
- Laboratory of Antibiotics, Biochemistry, Education and Molecular Modeling (LABiEMol), Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - V L Teixeira
- Center for Biological Sciences and Health (CCBS), Rectory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A M T Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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de Moraes Filho AV, Manso JAX, Martins WE, Marinho NA, de Oliveira Santos M, Perim Neto J, Duarte SSM, da Cruz AD, da Silva CC, Barbosa MS, de Jesus Pires D, Carneiro LC. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity research in Quilombola communities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14225. [PMID: 32848182 PMCID: PMC7450063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Quilombola communities are mostly isolated and deprived of sources of treated water, garbage collection and sewage, consuming fresh water from wells, streams, lakes, among others. This lack of basic infrastructure can be a relevant factor in exposing residents to substances and factors that are harmful to the integrity of their genetic material that can lead to carcinogenesis. Based on this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genomic and mutagenic/cytotoxic damage in the adult population of two Quilombola communities (one urban and another rural region), in the state of Goiás, Brazil. For this purpose, the leukocyte of peripheral blood Comet Assay in 68 individuals and Micronucleus Test from exfoliated buccal cells of oral mucosa in 21 volunteers were performed. The results evidenced genomic damage, especially for the community of Aparecida de Goiânia city, which detected significant values (p < 0.05), for the length of the comet's tail and for of the Olive Tail Moment. In the micronucleus test, significant differences were only detected (p < 0.05), when it came to the distribution of nuclear changes among the groups. Therefore, it is essential to perform constant population biomonitoring studies to help guarantee health and, consequently, the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroldo Vieira de Moraes Filho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Biotechnology Laboratory of Microorganisms, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - João Antonio Xavier Manso
- Replicon Research Center, Master's Program in Genetics, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Wanderléia Eleutério Martins
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Biotechnology Laboratory of Microorganisms, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Núbia Aguiar Marinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Biotechnology Laboratory of Microorganisms, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mônica de Oliveira Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Biotechnology Laboratory of Microorganisms, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - José Perim Neto
- Replicon Research Center, Master's Program in Genetics, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Sara Moreira Duarte
- Replicon Research Center, Master's Program in Genetics, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Divino da Cruz
- Replicon Research Center, Master's Program in Genetics, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Carlos da Silva
- Replicon Research Center, Master's Program in Genetics, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mônica Santiago Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Biotechnology Laboratory of Microorganisms, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Lílian Carla Carneiro
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Biotechnology Laboratory of Microorganisms, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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13
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Mendes‐de‐Almeida DP, Lovatel VL, Santos‐Bueno FV, Kós EAA, Andrade FG, Schramm MT, Nunes EP, Grinsztejn BGJ, Pombo‐de‐Oliveira MS, Fernandez TDS. Myelodysplastic syndrome with clonal karyotype evolution associated with trisomy 8 and
ASXL1
mutation in well‐controlled HIV patient: Case report and literature review. EJHAEM 2020; 1:344-349. [PMID: 35847703 PMCID: PMC9176036 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Palheiro Mendes‐de‐Almeida
- Hematology DepartmentEvandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious DiseasesOswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Pediatric Haematology‐Oncology ProgramResearch CentreNational Institute of Cancer (INCA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Clinical ResearchDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Viviane Lamim Lovatel
- Cytogenetic DepartmentBone Marrow Transplantation Centre (CEMO)National Institute of Cancer (INCA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Filipe Vicente Santos‐Bueno
- Pediatric Haematology‐Oncology ProgramResearch CentreNational Institute of Cancer (INCA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Elaiza Almeida Antônio Kós
- Cytogenetic DepartmentBone Marrow Transplantation Centre (CEMO)National Institute of Cancer (INCA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Francianne Gomes Andrade
- Pediatric Haematology‐Oncology ProgramResearch CentreNational Institute of Cancer (INCA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Estevão Portela Nunes
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDSEvandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease (INI)Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gilda J. Grinsztejn
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDSEvandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease (INI)Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Maria S Pombo‐de‐Oliveira
- Pediatric Haematology‐Oncology ProgramResearch CentreNational Institute of Cancer (INCA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Teresa de Souza Fernandez
- Cytogenetic DepartmentBone Marrow Transplantation Centre (CEMO)National Institute of Cancer (INCA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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14
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Barillari G. The Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drugs. Front Oncol 2020; 10:806. [PMID: 32528888 PMCID: PMC7253758 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and metastasis of malignant tumors benefit from the formation of blood vessels within the tumor area. There, new vessels originate from angiogenesis (the sprouting of pre-existing neighboring vessels) and/or vasculogenesis (the mobilization of bone marrow-derived endothelial cell precursors which incorporate in tumor vasculature and then differentiate into mature endothelial cells). These events are induced by soluble molecules (the angiogenic factors) and modulated by endothelial cell interactions with the perivascular matrix. Given angiogenesis/vasculogenesis relevance to tumor progression, anti-angiogenic drugs are often employed to buttress surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy in the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Most of the anti-angiogenic drugs have been developed to functionally impair the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor: however, this leaves other angiogenic factors unaffected, hence leading to drug resistance and escape. Other anti-angiogenic strategies have exploited classical inhibitors of enzymes remodeling the perivascular matrix. Disappointingly, these inhibitors have been found toxic and/or ineffective in clinical trials, even though they block angiogenesis in pre-clinical models. These findings are stimulating the identification of other anti-angiogenic compounds. In this regard, it is noteworthy that drugs utilized for a long time to counteract human immune deficiency virus (HIV) can directly and effectively hamper molecular pathways leading to blood vessel formation. In this review the mechanisms leading to angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, and their susceptibility to anti-HIV drugs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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15
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Bastos-Oreiro M, Balsalobre P, Miralles P, Berenguer J, Dorado N, Bailen R, Obreoscoa G, Anguita J, Serrano D, Díez-Martín JL, Kwon M. Autologous stem cell transplantation for lymphoma in HIV+ patients: higher rate of infections compared with non-HIV lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:1716-1725. [PMID: 32132653 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a well-established treatment strategy in HIV-related lymphoma patients (HIV+ Ly). Nevertheless, current evidence is mainly based on reports from specialized centers, multicentre heterogeneous studies, noncomparative analyses, or registry data-based comparisons. Likewise, the risk of infections reported so far for this population, seems to be similar to that of HIV- patients, and it does not seem to impact on mortality. We report a single-center retrospective comparative analysis of AHCT procedural results, infectious complications and survival in HIV+ Ly matched with a non-HIV comparative cohort. Thirty-three HIV+ patients and 45 matched controls, who underwent ASCT between 2000 and 2016, were included. Transplant-related toxicity, event-free survival, relapse rate, and overall survival were similar in both groups. Engraftment was delayed in HIV+ Ly (neutrophils: 15 vs 12 days (p = 0.0001), and platelets 39 vs 16 days (p = 0.00001)). Bacterial infections during the pre-engraftment period were more frequent in HIV+ Ly (RR 2.24, p = 0.017), as well as viral infections in the postengraftment period (RR 3.22, p = 0.004). CMV reactivation was more frequent in HIV+ Ly (39% vs 15% p = 0.007). In conclusion, ASCT is viable and effective in HIV+ Ly, but it is associated with a higher risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bastos-Oreiro
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pascual Balsalobre
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Miralles
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Berenguer
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Dorado
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Bailen
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gillen Obreoscoa
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Anguita
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Serrano
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Díez-Martín
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mi Kwon
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Chen-Chen L, de Jesus Silva Carvalho C, de Moraes Filho AV, Véras JH, Cardoso CG, Bailão E, Spanó MA, Cunha KS. Toxicity and genotoxicity induced by abacavir antiretroviral medication alone or in combination with zidovudine and/or lamivudine in Drosophila melanogaster. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:446-454. [PMID: 30545272 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118818248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abacavir (ABC), zidovudine (AZT), and lamivudine (3TC) are nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) widely used as combination-based antiretroviral therapy against human immunodeficiency virus. Despite effective viral suppression using NRTI combinations, genotoxic potential of NRTIs can be increased when administered in combination. This study investigated the toxic and genotoxic potential of ABC when administered alone or in combination with AZT and/or 3TC using the somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster. This test simultaneously evaluated two events related to carcinogenic potential: mutation and somatic recombination. The results indicated that ABC was responsible for toxicity when administered alone or in combination with AZT and/or 3TC. In addition, all treatment combinations increased frequencies of mutation and somatic recombination. The combination of AZT/3TC showed the lowest genotoxic activity compared to all combinations with ABC. Therefore, our results indicated that ABC was responsible for a significant portion of genotoxic activity of these combinations. Somatic recombination was the main genetic event observed, ranging from 83.7% to 97.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen-Chen
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - C de Jesus Silva Carvalho
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - A V de Moraes Filho
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - J H Véras
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - C G Cardoso
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Eflc Bailão
- 2 Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Campus Henrique Santillo, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - M A Spanó
- 3 Laboratório de Mutagênese, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - K S Cunha
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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