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Luo X, Zhao D, Gao Y, Yang Z, Wang D, Mei G. Implicit weight bias: shared neural substrates for overweight and angry facial expressions revealed by cross-adaptation. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae128. [PMID: 38566513 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The perception of facial expression plays a crucial role in social communication, and it is known to be influenced by various facial cues. Previous studies have reported both positive and negative biases toward overweight individuals. It is unclear whether facial cues, such as facial weight, bias facial expression perception. Combining psychophysics and event-related potential technology, the current study adopted a cross-adaptation paradigm to examine this issue. The psychophysical results of Experiments 1A and 1B revealed a bidirectional cross-adaptation effect between overweight and angry faces. Adapting to overweight faces decreased the likelihood of perceiving ambiguous emotional expressions as angry compared to adapting to normal-weight faces. Likewise, exposure to angry faces subsequently caused normal-weight faces to appear thinner. These findings were corroborated by bidirectional event-related potential results, showing that adaptation to overweight faces relative to normal-weight faces modulated the event-related potential responses of emotionally ambiguous facial expression (Experiment 2A); vice versa, adaptation to angry faces relative to neutral faces modulated the event-related potential responses of ambiguous faces in facial weight (Experiment 2B). Our study provides direct evidence associating overweight faces with facial expression, suggesting at least partly common neural substrates for the perception of overweight and angry faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Luo
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Huaxi University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025China
| | - Danning Zhao
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Huaxi University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025China
| | - Yi Gao
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 654 Cherry St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Zhihao Yang
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Huaxi University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025China
| | - Da Wang
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Huaxi University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025China
| | - Gaoxing Mei
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Huaxi University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025China
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Albergoni A, Biggio M, Faelli E, Ruggeri P, Avanzino L, Bove M, Bisio A. Aging deteriorates the ability to discriminate the weight of an object during an action observation task. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1216304. [PMID: 37609031 PMCID: PMC10440420 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1216304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to predict the weight of objects is important for skilled and dexterous manipulation during activities of daily living. The observation of other people moving objects might represent an important source of information on object features and help to plan the correct motor interaction with it. In aging, an impaired ability to evaluate the object weight might have negative drawbacks in term of the safety of the person. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of aging in the ability to discriminate the object weight during action observation. Twenty older adults (Old) and twenty young subjects (Young) performed a two-interval forced-choice task consisting in the observation of a couple of videos showing an actor moving a box of different weights. The observer had to evaluate which video showed the heavier box. Handgrip strength was acquired from all subjects. Sensitivity analysis was performed and psychometric curves were built on participants' responses. The results showed a diminished sensitivity in the object weight discrimination in Old than in Young group. The analysis of the psychometric curves revealed that this impairment pertained both the light and heavy boxes and the minimum difference to discriminate different weights was greater in Old than in Young. At last, the sensitivity and the discrimination ability significantly correlated with individuals' handgrip strength. These findings allow us to deeply characterize the impairments older adults have in discriminating the weight of an object moved by another individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Albergoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Biggio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Faelli
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Piero Ruggeri
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ambra Bisio
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
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Gramaglia C, Gattoni E, Vecchi C, Di Tullio E, Biroli G, D'Andrea F, Riso S, Gualano MR, Marchetti M, Sarchiapone M, Siliquini R, Zeppegno P. No correlation among expressed emotion, anxiety, stress and weight loss in patients with overweight and obesity. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:3522. [PMID: 31645850 PMCID: PMC6787637 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The onset of some types of obesity may correlate with specific familial relational patterns, and expressed emotion (EE), the family life's 'emotional temperature', may play a role in obesity treatment compliance and outcome. Objective The aim of this study is to address the current gap in the literature about EE and obesity, assessing EE in a sample of patients with overweight or obesity and their relatives. A further objective is to assess patients' weight loss, patients' and relatives' anxiety, perceived stress and their possible correlation with EE and diet compliance. Design A total of 220 patients with overweight or obesity and 126 relatives were recruited; their socio-demographic and clinical features were collected; and Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (LEE), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1 and 2 (STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2) and Paykel Scale of Stressful Life Events were administered. Results Patients' baseline body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with educational level, but we failed to find any correlation between BMI and the other variables assessed. We found a positive correlation between EE median and stressful life events, as well as between median EE and state and trait anxiety. Conclusions Our results seem to suggest that other factors than the psychological ones we investigated may play a role in treatment adherence and outcome in patients with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gramaglia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,S.C. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gattoni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,S.C. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Camilla Vecchi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Tullio
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Biroli
- S.C. Dietetica e Nutrizione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Federico D'Andrea
- S.C. Dietetica e Nutrizione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Sergio Riso
- S.C. Dietetica e Nutrizione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Marco Marchetti
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marco Sarchiapone
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,S.C. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
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