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Chunga-Llauce JA, Pacheco AS. Impacts of earthquakes and tsunamis on marine benthic communities: A review. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 171:105481. [PMID: 34555617 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine communities are dynamic and spatially heterogeneous. Earthquakes and tsunamis modulate the structure of marine communities at short and long-term scales. The objective of this review was to evaluate how such disturbances impact the morphodynamics of coastal areas and the dynamics and structure of marine benthic communities from soft and hard bottoms from intertidal, subtidal and deep-sea habitats. The results reveal that earthquakes and tsunamis caused mortality of algae and bivalves by dissection after coastal uplift. Changes on the vertical distribution of nematodes and coral fragmentation were also recorded. Recovery of the marine communities to pre-disturbance state occurred by migration and recolonization of impacted habitats. The meiofaunal organisms recovered quickly, while some communities recovered after three years. Information pre-disturbance is often lacking or covers a short temporal extent. It is important to establish long-term monitoring programs in areas where the likelihood of impact of disturbance of such magnitude is high to understand how marine communities are shaped at geological scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Chunga-Llauce
- Escuela Profesional de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Aldo S Pacheco
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Ogata M, Masuda R, Harino H, Sakata MK, Hatakeyama M, Yokoyama K, Yamashita Y, Minamoto T. Environmental DNA preserved in marine sediment for detecting jellyfish blooms after a tsunami. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16830. [PMID: 34417484 PMCID: PMC8379222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) can be a powerful tool for detecting the distribution and abundance of target species. This study aimed to test the longevity of eDNA in marine sediment through a tank experiment and to use this information to reconstruct past faunal occurrence. In the tank experiment, juvenile jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) were kept in flow-through tanks with marine sediment for two weeks. Water and sediment samples from the tanks were collected after the removal of fish. In the field trial, sediment cores were collected in Moune Bay, northeast Japan, where unusual blooms of jellyfish (Aurelia sp.) occurred after a tsunami. The samples were analyzed by layers to detect the eDNA of jellyfish. The tank experiment revealed that after fish were removed, eDNA was not present in the water the next day, or subsequently, whereas eDNA was detectable in the sediment for 12 months. In the sediment core samples, jellyfish eDNA was detected at high concentrations above the layer with the highest content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reflecting tsunami-induced oil spills. Thus, marine sediment eDNA preserves a record of target species for at least one year and can be used to reconstruct past faunal occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Ogata
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Nagahama, Maizuru, Kyoto 625-0086 Japan ,Benesse Corporation, 3-7-17 Minamigata, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8686 Japan
| | - Reiji Masuda
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Nagahama, Maizuru, Kyoto 625-0086 Japan
| | - Hiroya Harino
- grid.444507.60000 0001 0424 8271Department of Human Sciences, Kobe College, 4-1 Okadayama, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 662-8508 Japan
| | - Masayuki K. Sakata
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Makoto Hatakeyama
- Non-Profit Organization Mori-Umi, Nishi-Moune, Karakuwa, Kesennuma, Miyagi 988-0527 Japan
| | - Katsuhide Yokoyama
- grid.265074.20000 0001 1090 2030Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 092-0397 Japan
| | - Yoh Yamashita
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Nagahama, Maizuru, Kyoto 625-0086 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Minamoto
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
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Fujii T, Kaneko K, Nakamura Y, Murata H, Kuraishi M, Kijima A. Assessment of coastal anthropo-ecological system dynamics in response to a tsunami catastrophe of an unprecedented magnitude encountered in Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146998. [PMID: 34088130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On 11 March 2011, a catastrophic earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the Pacific coast of northern Japan, devastating many of the towns, villages and coastal ecosystems located along the shoreline. To assess the impacts of the disaster, we investigated temporal dynamics of fish and epibenthic megafaunal community structure in relation to changes in a range of physical, biological and anthropogenic variables between 2007 and 2018 in Onagawa Bay. Commercially important fish such as greenlings, Japanese anchovy, flatfishes, rockfishes were consistently abundant in both larval and adult fish assemblages. While abundance, species richness, and Shannon index H' for adult fish and epibenthic megafaunal assemblages increased significantly soon after the disaster to peak values towards the end of the study period, the same metrics did not change accordingly for larval fish assemblages. Temporal dynamics of larval fish community clearly demonstrated significant seasonal variation along with changes in large-scale environmental conditions such as temperature and nutrients. However, anthropogenic components such as decline in human population, reduction in fishing pressure and the recovery of aquaculture operations significantly explained the observed post-disaster change in adult fish and epibenthic megafaunal communities. The pelagic and benthic components of Onagawa Bay appeared to have responded to the 2011 disaster very differently, and this study suggests the post-disaster recovery and dynamics of the coastal ecosystems may be regulated by how human societies respond to the impacts of a tsunami catastrophe through their influences on benthic habitat of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyonobu Fujii
- Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences, Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Onagawa, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kaneko
- Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences, Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Onagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences, Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Onagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Murata
- Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Megumi Kuraishi
- Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences, Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Onagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kijima
- Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences, Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Onagawa, Japan
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Masuda R. Tropical fishes vanished after the operation of a nuclear power plant was suspended in the Sea of Japan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232065. [PMID: 32374730 PMCID: PMC7202591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal discharge from a nuclear power plant (NPP) provides an opportunity to foresee changes in faunal communities that may be induced by ocean warming. I assessed these changes by identifying characteristics of the fish community near the thermal discharge from a NPP and by recording temporal changes that occurred after the suspension of the NPP. Underwater visual censuses were conducted near Takahama NPP in the Sea of Japan, and fish assemblages were compared to those in two other sites: a site with discharge from a coal-fired power plant and a control site. During the surveyed period (8 years) when the NPP was in operation, the sea water temperature at the site near the NPP was warmer, had a significantly higher fish abundance, and a higher species richness, including tropical fishes, than the other two sites. However, once the NPP was suspended, tropical fishes dramatically decreased near the NPP. This abrupt change in fish assemblage may be due to the lowest lethal temperatures of tropical fishes being only slightly higher than the winter temperature in this area. Relatively poor ecosystem structure in the local warming area may also have contributed to low resilience of tropical fish species to this temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Masuda
- Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Maizuru, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Takahashi S, Sakata MK, Minamoto T, Masuda R. Comparing the efficiency of open and enclosed filtration systems in environmental DNA quantification for fish and jellyfish. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231718. [PMID: 32310994 PMCID: PMC7170242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Water sampling and filtration of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis have been performed by several different methods, and each method may yield a different species composition or eDNA concentration. Here, we investigated the eDNA of seawater samples directly collected by SCUBA to compare two widely used filtration methods: open filtration with a glass filter (GF/F) and enclosed filtration (Sterivex). We referred to biomass based on visual observation data collected simultaneously to clarify the difference between organism groups. Water samples were collected at two points in the Sea of Japan in May, September and December 2018. The respective samples were filtered through GF/F and Sterivex for eDNA extraction. We quantified the eDNA concentration of five fish and two cnidarian species by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using species-specific primers/probe sets. A strong correlation of eDNA concentration was obtained between GF/F and Sterivex; the intercepts and slopes of the linear regression lines were slightly different in fish and jellyfish. The amount of eDNA detected using the GF/F filtration method was higher than that detected using Sterivex when the eDNA concentration was high; the opposite trend was observed when the eDNA concentration was relatively low. The concentration of eDNA correlated with visually estimated biomass; eDNA concentration per biomass in jellyfish was approximately 700 times greater than that in fish. We conclude that GF/F provides an advantage in collecting a large amount of eDNA, whereas Sterivex offers superior eDNA sensitivity. Both filtration methods are effective in estimating the spatiotemporal biomass size of target marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Takahashi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
- Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Kyoto University, Nagahama, Maizuru, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki K. Sakata
- Department of Human Environmental Science, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Minamoto
- Department of Human Environmental Science, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Reiji Masuda
- Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Kyoto University, Nagahama, Maizuru, Kyoto, Japan
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Adachi K, Okumura SI, Moriyama S. Genetic structure of Japanese sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) along the Sanriku coast supports the effect of earthquakes and related tsunamis. Genetica 2018; 146:497-503. [PMID: 30242536 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Japanese common sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is a major marine product from Sanriku, Japan, but its populations were severely affected by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, possibly decreasing its genetic diversity and increasing its extinction risk. In this study, we estimated the genetic structure and diversity of sea cucumbers from Touni and Yamada Bays of Sanriku over 4 years after the earthquake. The between-population genetic structure was estimated using two mitochondrial DNA regions (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rDNA). Genetic differentiation (as measured by pairwise FST) was not significant between locations. Thus, even after the tsunami, gene flow and genetic diversity among the two sea cucumber populations were maintained. Our data also suggested that sea cucumbers in Sanriku experienced population expansion of about 0.20-0.24 million years ago, during the stable Mindel-Riss interglacial period. We conclude that A. japonicus populations in Sanriku could maintain their genetic structure throughout multiple disastrous tsunamis over the past several 1000 years. The high dispersal ability of planktonic larvae may enable the entrance of new recruits, thereby reducing risks associated with genetic structure and diversity changes stemming from mass die-offs in a given body of water from the past to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Adachi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Sei-Ichi Okumura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Moriyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
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Kume M, Mori S, Kitano J, Sumi T, Nishida S. Impact of the huge 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami on the phenotypes and genotypes of Japanese coastal threespine stickleback populations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1684. [PMID: 29374226 PMCID: PMC5785970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
On March 11, 2011, a large earthquake occurred, causing a tsunami which struck the Pacific coast of northeast Japan. We investigated the ecological and genetic effects of the large tsunami on the threespine stickleback (genus Gasterosteus) populations in Otsuchi Town, which was one of the most severely damaged areas after the tsunami. Our environmental surveys showed that spring water may have contributed to the habitat recovery. Morphological analysis of the stickleback before and after the tsunami showed morphological shifts in the gill raker number, which is a foraging trait. Genetic analyses revealed that the allelic richness of one population was maintained after the tsunami, whereas that of another decreased in 2012 and then started to recover in 2013. Additionally, we found that the large tsunami and ground subsidence created new spring water-fed pools with sticklebacks, suggesting that the tsunami brought sticklebacks into these pools. Genetic analysis of this population showed that this population might be derived from hybridization between freshwater Gasterosteus aculeatus and anadromous G. nipponicus. Overall, our data indicate that tsunamis can influence morphologies and genetic structures of freshwater fishes. Furthermore, spring water may play important roles in the maintenance and creation of fish habitats, faced with environmental disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kume
- Gifu-keizai University, Kitakata 5-50, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8550, Japan. .,Division of Ecological Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan. .,Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Seiichi Mori
- Gifu-keizai University, Kitakata 5-50, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8550, Japan
| | - Jun Kitano
- Division of Ecological Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sumi
- Daido University, Hakusui 40, Minami, Nagoya, Aichi, 457-8532, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nishida
- Gifu-keizai University, Kitakata 5-50, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8550, Japan
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