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Bächinger D, Jecker R, Hannig JC, Werner A, Hildebrandt H, Eidenbenz M, Kompis M, Kleinjung T, Veraguth D. [The professional ear user-implications for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ear diseases]. HNO 2022; 70:891-902. [PMID: 36269381 PMCID: PMC9691478 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-022-01235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfect hearing is crucial to the practice of various professions, such as instrument makers, musicians, sound engineers, and other professions not related to music, such as sonar technicians. For people of these occupational groups, we propose the term "professional ear user" (PEU) in analogy to "professional voice user". PEUs have special requirements for their hearing health, as they have well-known above-average auditory perceptual abilities on which they are professionally dependent. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize selected aspects of the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ear disorders in PEUs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Prevention of hearing disorders and other ear diseases includes protection from excessive sound levels, avoidance of ototoxins and nicotine, and a safe manner of cleaning the outer auditory canal. Diagnosing hearing disorders in PEUs can be challenging, since subclinical but relevant changes in hearing cannot be reliably objectified by conventional audiometric methods. Moreover, the fact that a PEU is affected by an ear disease may influence treatment decisions. Further, physicians must be vigilant for non-organic ear diseases in PEUs. Lastly, measures to promote comprehensive ear health in PEUs as part of an educational program and to maintain ear health by means of a specialized otolaryngology service are discussed. In contrast to existing concepts, we lay the attention on the entirety of occupational groups that are specifically dependent on their ear health in a professional setting. In this context, we suggest avoiding a sole focus on hearing disorders and their prevention, but rather encourage the maintenance of a comprehensive ear health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bächinger
- Klinik für Ohren‑, Nasen‑, Hals und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Frauenklinikstraße 24, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz.
- Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.
| | - Raphael Jecker
- Tonmeister/Departement Musik, Zürcher Hochschule der Künste, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Jean-Christoph Hannig
- Klavierbau und Konzerttechnik, Werkstatt für Klaviere und Flügel, Musik Hug AG, Bülach, Schweiz
- Departement Musik, Zürcher Hochschule der Künste, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Andreas Werner
- Tonmeister/Departement Musik, Zürcher Hochschule der Künste, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Horst Hildebrandt
- Musikphysiologie, Musik- und Präventivmedizin, Departement Musik, Zürcher Hochschule der Künste, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Michael Eidenbenz
- Direktion, Departement Musik, Zürcher Hochschule der Künste, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Martin Kompis
- Universitätsklinik für Hals, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Tobias Kleinjung
- Klinik für Ohren‑, Nasen‑, Hals und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Frauenklinikstraße 24, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz
- Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Dorothe Veraguth
- Klinik für Ohren‑, Nasen‑, Hals und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Frauenklinikstraße 24, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz
- Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
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Kaze AD, Zhuo M, Kim SC, Patorno E, Paik JM. Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular, kidney, and safety outcomes among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:47. [PMID: 35321742 PMCID: PMC9491404 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the cardiovascular, kidney, and safety outcomes of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) among patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS We searched electronic databases for major randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials published up to September 30, 2021 and reporting on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes of SGLT2i in patients with DKD. DKD was defined as chronic kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to estimate pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for clinical outcomes including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, and cardiovascular death), kidney composite outcomes (a combination of worsening kidney function, end-stage kidney disease, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes), hospitalizations for heart failure (HHF), deaths and safety events (mycotic infections, diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA], volume depletion, amputations, fractures, urinary tract infections [UTI], acute kidney injury [AKI], and hyperkalemia). RESULTS A total of 26,106 participants with DKD from 8 large-scale trials were included (median age: 65.2 years, 29.7-41.8% women, 53.2-93.2% White, median follow-up: 2.5 years). SGLT2i were associated with reduced risks of MACE (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.75-0.93), kidney composite outcomes (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58-0.75), HHF (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.55-0.71), cardiovascular death (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74-0.96), MI (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67-0.92), stroke (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.97), and all-cause death (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.96), with no significant heterogeneity detected. Similar results were observed among participants with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR: < 60 mL/min/1.73m2). The relative risks (95% CI) for adverse events were 3.89 (1.42-10.62) and 2.50 (1.32-4.72) for mycotic infections in men and women respectively, 3.54 (0.82-15.39) for DKA, and 1.29 (1.13-1.48) for volume depletion. CONCLUSIONS Among adults with DKD, SGLT2i were associated with reduced risks of MACE, kidney outcomes, HHF, and death. With a few exceptions of more clear safety signals, we found overall limited data on the associations between SGLT2i and safety outcomes. More research is needed on the safety profile of SGLT2i in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud D Kaze
- Department of Medicine, LifePoint Health, Danville, VA, USA
| | - Min Zhuo
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont Street, Suite 3030, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Renal (Kidney) Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seoyoung C Kim
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont Street, Suite 3030, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisabetta Patorno
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont Street, Suite 3030, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie M Paik
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont Street, Suite 3030, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Renal (Kidney) Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kim MK, Shin SJ, Lee HM, Choi HS, Jeong J, Kim H, Paik SS, Kim M, Choi D, Ryu CJ. Mycoplasma infection promotes tumor progression via interaction of the mycoplasmal protein p37 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 454:44-52. [PMID: 30980864 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. To study how mycoplasma infection affects HCC progression, we investigated the characteristics of mycoplasma-infected tumor tissues and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in HCC patients. The mycoplasmal membrane protein p37 showed significant correlations with higher histologic stages and vascular invasion and predicted poor disease-free survival of HCC patients. p37-positive CTCs were detected in 42 out of 47 HCC patients (89%). p37-positive circulating cells were also detected in 4 out of 10 healthy donors (40%), and all were epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive. In HCC patients, most of p37-negative CTCs (95%) showed intermediate phenotype with neither EpCAM nor vimentin expression, but p37-positive CTCs were EpCAM-positive (44%), vimentin-positive (32%), and both negative (24%), suggesting that EpCAM-positive CTCs are enriched with mycoplasma infection. Mycoplasma infection promoted migratory capacity of HCC cells with increased expression of EpCAM. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that p37 associates with EpCAM. The results suggest that mycoplasma infection promotes tumor progression in HCC patients via interaction of the mycoplasmal p37 and EpCAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Min Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Seo Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, South Korea
| | - Hyunsung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mimi Kim
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim MK, Kim WT, Lee HM, Choi HS, Jo YR, Lee Y, Jeong J, Choi D, Chang HJ, Kim DS, Jang YJ, Ryu CJ. Correction: Mapping of a Mycoplasma-Neutralizing Epitope on the Mycoplasmal p37 Protein. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172487. [PMID: 28196145 PMCID: PMC5308780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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