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Akram F, Fatima T, Shabbir I, Haq IU, Ibrar R, Mukhtar H. Abridgement of Microbial Esterases and Their Eminent Industrial Endeavors. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01108-7. [PMID: 38461181 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Esterases are hydrolases that contribute to the hydrolysis of ester bonds into both water-soluble acyl esters and emulsified glycerol-esters containing short-chain acyl groups. They have garnered significant attention from biotechnologists and organic chemists due to their immense commercial value. Esterases, with their diverse and significant properties, have become highly sought after for various industrial applications. Synthesized ubiquitously by a wide range of living organisms, including animals, plants, and microorganisms, these enzymes have found microbial esterases to be the preferred choice in industrial settings. The cost-effective production of microbial esterases ensures higher yields, unaffected by seasonal variations. Their applications span diverse sectors, such as food manufacturing, leather tanneries, paper and pulp production, textiles, detergents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biodiesel synthesis, bioremediation, and waste treatment. As the global trend shifts toward eco-friendly and sustainable practices, industrial processes are evolving with reduced waste generation, lower energy consumption, and the utilization of biocatalysts derived from renewable and unconventional raw materials. This review explores the background, structural characteristics, thermostability, and multifaceted roles of bacterial esterases in crucial industries, aiming to optimize and analyze their properties for continued successful utilization in diverse industrial processes. Additionally, recent advancements in esterase research are overviewed, showcasing novel techniques, innovations, and promising areas for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Taseer Fatima
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ifrah Shabbir
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramesha Ibrar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Hwang J, Yoo W, Shin SC, Kim KK, Kim HW, Do H, Lee JH. Structural and Biochemical Insights into Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Terephthalate Degrading Carboxylesterase Isolated from Psychrotrophic Bacterium Exiguobacterium antarcticum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12022. [PMID: 37569396 PMCID: PMC10418727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the crystal structure and biochemically characterize the carboxylesterase EaEst2, a thermotolerant biocatalyst derived from Exiguobacterium antarcticum, a psychrotrophic bacterium. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that EaEst2 belongs to the Family XIII group of carboxylesterases. EaEst2 has a broad range of substrate specificities for short-chain p-nitrophenyl (pNP) esters, 1-naphthyl acetate (1-NA), and 1-naphthyl butyrate (1-NB). Its optimal pH is 7.0, losing its enzymatic activity at temperatures above 50 °C. EaEst2 showed degradation activity toward bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), a polyethylene terephthalate degradation intermediate. We determined the crystal structure of EaEst2 at a 1.74 Å resolution in the ligand-free form to investigate BHET degradation at a molecular level. Finally, the biochemical stability and immobilization of a crosslinked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) were assessed to examine its potential for industrial application. Overall, the structural and biochemical characterization of EaEst2 demonstrates its industrial potency as a biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisub Hwang
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanki Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of General Studies, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (K.K.K.); (H.-W.K.)
| | - Seung Chul Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (K.K.K.); (H.-W.K.)
| | - Han-Woo Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (K.K.K.); (H.-W.K.)
| | - Hackwon Do
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
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Do H, Yoo W, Wang Y, Nam Y, Shin SC, Kim HW, Kim KK, Lee JH. Crystal structure and biochemical analysis of acetylesterase (LgEstI) from Lactococcus garvieae. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280988. [PMID: 36745644 PMCID: PMC9901739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esterase, a member of the serine hydrolase family, catalyzes the cleavage and formation of ester bonds with high regio- and stereospecificity, making them attractive biocatalysts for the synthesis of optically pure molecules. In this study, we performed an in-depth biochemical and structural characterization of a novel microbial acetylesterase, LgEstI, from the bacterial fish pathogen Lactococcus garvieae. The dimeric LgEstI displayed substrate preference for the short acyl chain of p-nitrophenyl esters and exhibited increased activity with F207A mutation. Comparative analysis with other esterases indicated that LgEstI has a narrow and shallow active site that may exhibit substrate specificity to short acyl chains. Unlike other esterases, LgEstI contains bulky residues such as Trp89, Phe194, and Trp217, which block the acyl chain channel. Furthermore, immobilized LgEstI retained approximately 90% of its initial activity, indicating its potential in industrial applications. This study expands our understanding of LgEstI and proposes novel ideas for improving its catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hackwon Do
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, Korea
| | - Wanki Yoo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of General Studies, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yewon Nam
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung Chul Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Han-Woo Kim
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Matinja AI, Kamarudin NHA, Leow ATC, Oslan SN, Ali MSM. Cold-Active Lipases and Esterases: A Review on Recombinant Overexpression and Other Essential Issues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315394. [PMID: 36499718 PMCID: PMC9740821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold environments characterised by diverse temperatures close to or below the water freezing point dominate about 80% of the Earth's biosphere. One of the survival strategies adopted by microorganisms living in cold environments is their expression of cold-active enzymes that enable them to perform an efficient metabolic flux at low temperatures necessary to thrive and reproduce under those constraints. Cold-active enzymes are ideal biocatalysts that can reduce the need for heating procedures and improve industrial processes' quality, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. Despite their wide applications, their industrial usage is still limited, and the major contributing factor is the lack of complete understanding of their structure and cold adaptation mechanisms. The current review looked at the recombinant overexpression, purification, and recent mechanism of cold adaptation, various approaches for purification, and three-dimensional (3D) crystal structure elucidation of cold-active lipases and esterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Idris Matinja
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bauchi State University, Gadau 751105, Nigeria
| | - Nor Hafizah Ahmad Kamarudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Adam Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Khairul Anuar NFS, Huyop F, Ur-Rehman G, Abdullah F, Normi YM, Sabullah MK, Abdul Wahab R. An Overview into Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Hydrolases and Efforts in Tailoring Enzymes for Improved Plastic Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12644. [PMID: 36293501 PMCID: PMC9603852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic or microplastic pollution is a global threat affecting ecosystems, with the current generation reaching as much as 400 metric tons per/year. Soil ecosystems comprising agricultural lands act as microplastics sinks, though the impact could be unexpectedly more far-reaching. This is troubling as most plastic forms, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), formed from polymerized terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG) monomers, are non-biodegradable environmental pollutants. The current approach to use mechanical, thermal, and chemical-based treatments to reduce PET waste remains cost-prohibitive and could potentially produce toxic secondary pollutants. Thus, better remediation methods must be developed to deal with plastic pollutants in marine and terrestrial environments. Enzymatic treatments could be a plausible avenue to overcome plastic pollutants, given the near-ambient conditions under which enzymes function without the need for chemicals. The discovery of several PET hydrolases, along with further modification of the enzymes, has considerably aided efforts to improve their ability to degrade the ester bond of PET. Hence, this review emphasizes PET-degrading microbial hydrolases and their contribution to alleviating environmental microplastics. Information on the molecular and degradation mechanisms of PET is also highlighted in this review, which might be useful in the future rational engineering of PET-hydrolyzing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Fatin Syamimi Khairul Anuar
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Ghani Ur-Rehman
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Faizuan Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Yahaya M. Normi
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khalizan Sabullah
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
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Characterization and purification of esterase from Cellulomonas fimi DB19 isolated from Zanthoxylum armatum with its possible role in diesel biodegradation. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:580. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Identification, Characterization, and Preliminary X-ray Diffraction Analysis of a Novel Esterase (ScEst) from Staphylococcus chromogenes. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ester prodrugs can develop novel antibiotics and have potential therapeutic applications against multiple drug-resistant bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of these prodrugs is activated after being cleaved by the esterases produced by the pathogen. Here, novel esterase ScEst originating from Staphylococcus chromogenes NCTC10530, which causes dairy cow mastitis, was identified, characterized, and analyzed using X-ray crystallography. The gene encoding ScEst was cloned into the pVFT1S vector and overexpressed in E. coli. The recombinant ScEst protein was obtained by affinity and size-exclusion purification. ScEst showed substrate preference for the short chain length of acyl derivatives. It was crystallized in an optimized solution composed of 0.25 M ammonium citrate tribasic (pH 7.0) and 20% PEG 3350 at 296 K. A total of 360 X-ray diffraction images were collected at a 1.66 Å resolution. ScEst crystal belongs to the space group of P212121 with the unit cell parameters of a = 50.23 Å, b = 68.69 Å, c = 71.15 Å, and α = β = γ = 90°. Structure refinement after molecular replacement is under progress. Further biochemical studies will elucidate the hydrolysis mechanism of ScEst. Overall, this study is the first to report the functional characterization of an esterase from Staphylococcus chromogenes, which is potentially useful in elaborating its hydrolysis mechanism.
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Sequence Analysis and Preliminary X-ray Crystallographic Analysis of an Acetylesterase (LgEstI) from Lactococcus garvieae. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A gene encoding LgEstI was cloned from a bacterial fish pathogen, Lactococcus garvieae. Sequence and bioinformatic analysis revealed that LgEstI is close to the acetyl esterase family and had maximum similarity to a hydrolase (UniProt: Q5UQ83) from Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV). Here, we present the results of LgEstI overexpression and purification, and its preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis. The wild-type LgEstI protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and its enzymatic activity was tested using p-nitrophenyl of varying lengths. LgEstI protein exhibited higher esterase activity toward p-nitrophenyl acetate. To better understand the mechanism underlying LgEstI activity and subject it to protein engineering, we determined the high-resolution crystal structure of LgEstI. First, the wild-type LgEstI protein was crystallized in 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.1), 0.2 M calcium acetate hydrate, and 19% (w/v) PEG 3000, and the native X-ray diffraction dataset was collected up to 2.0 Å resolution. The crystal structure was successfully determined using a molecular replacement method, and structure refinement and model building are underway. The upcoming complete structural information of LgEstI may elucidate the substrate-binding mechanism and provide novel strategies for subjecting LgEstI to protein engineering.
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López MC, Galán B, Carmona M, Navarro Llorens JM, Peretó J, Porcar M, Getino L, Olivera ER, Luengo JM, Castro L, García JL. Xerotolerance: A New Property in Exiguobacterium Genus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2455. [PMID: 34946057 PMCID: PMC8706201 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly xerotolerant bacterium classified as Exiguobacterium sp. Helios isolated from a solar panel in Spain showed a close relationship to Exiguobacterium sibiricum 255-15 isolated from Siberian permafrost. Xerotolerance has not been previously described as a characteristic of the extremely diverse Exiguobacterium genus, but both strains Helios and 255-15 showed higher xerotolerance than that described in the reference xerotolerant model strain Deinococcus radiodurans. Significant changes observed in the cell morphology after their desiccation suggests that the structure of cellular surface plays an important role in xerotolerance. Apart from its remarkable resistance to desiccation, Exiguobacterium sp. Helios strain shows several polyextremophilic characteristics that make it a promising chassis for biotechnological applications. Exiguobacterium sp. Helios cells produce nanoparticles of selenium in the presence of selenite linked to its resistance mechanism. Using the Lactobacillus plasmid pRCR12 that harbors a cherry marker, we have developed a transformation protocol for Exiguobacterium sp. Helios strain, being the first time that a bacterium of Exiguobacterium genus has been genetically modified. The comparison of Exiguobacterium sp. Helios and E. sibiricum 255-15 genomes revealed several interesting similarities and differences. Both strains contain a complete set of competence-related DNA transformation genes, suggesting that they might have natural competence, and an incomplete set of genes involved in sporulation; moreover, these strains not produce spores, suggesting that these genes might be involved in xerotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Castillo López
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.L.); (B.G.); (M.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Galán
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.L.); (B.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Manuel Carmona
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.L.); (B.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Juana María Navarro Llorens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juli Peretó
- Program for Applied Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SYSBIO) (UV-CSIC), Carrer del Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch s/n, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.P.); (M.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Manuel Porcar
- Program for Applied Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SYSBIO) (UV-CSIC), Carrer del Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch s/n, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Luis Getino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Facultades de Veterinaria y Biología, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (L.G.); (E.R.O.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Elías R. Olivera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Facultades de Veterinaria y Biología, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (L.G.); (E.R.O.); (J.M.L.)
| | - José M. Luengo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Facultades de Veterinaria y Biología, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (L.G.); (E.R.O.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Laura Castro
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Móstoles, Spain;
| | - José Luís García
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.L.); (B.G.); (M.C.)
- Program for Applied Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SYSBIO) (UV-CSIC), Carrer del Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch s/n, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.P.); (M.P.)
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A Novel Carboxylesterase Derived from a Compost Metagenome Exhibiting High Stability and Activity towards High Salinity. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010122. [PMID: 33478024 PMCID: PMC7835964 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Halotolerant lipolytic enzymes have gained growing interest, due to potential applications under harsh conditions, such as hypersalinity and presence of organic solvents. In this study, a lipolytic gene, est56, encoding 287 amino acids was identified by functional screening of a compost metagenome. Subsequently, the gene was heterologously expressed, and the recombinant protein (Est56) was purified and characterized. Est56 is a mesophilic (Topt 50 °C) and moderate alkaliphilic (pHopt 8) enzyme, showing high thermostability at 30 and 40 °C. Strikingly, Est56 is halotolerant as it exhibited high activity and stability in the presence of up to 4 M NaCl or KCl. Est56 also displayed enhanced stability against high temperatures (50 and 60 °C) and urea (2, 4, and 6 M) in the presence of NaCl. In addition, the recently reported halotolerant lipolytic enzymes were summarized. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these enzymes into 13 lipolytic protein families. The majority (45%) including Est56 belonged to family IV. To explore the haloadaptation of halotolerant enzymes, the amino acid composition between halotolerant and halophilic enzymes was statistically compared. The most distinctive feature of halophilic from non-halophilic enzymes are the higher content of acidic residues (Asp and Glu), and a lower content of lysine, aliphatic hydrophobic (Leu, Met and Ile) and polar (Asn) residues. The amino acid composition and 3-D structure analysis suggested that the high content of acidic residues (Asp and Glu, 12.2%) and low content of lysine residues (0.7%), as well as the excess of surface-exposed acidic residues might be responsible for the haloadaptation of Est56.
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Bhardwaj KK, Mehta A, Thakur L, Gupta R. Influence of Culture Conditions on the Production of Extracellular Esterase from Bacillus licheniformis and Its Characterization. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:467-477. [PMID: 32378550 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esterases catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds in fatty acid esters with short-chain acyl groups. In the present study, thirty-seven bacterial isolates were isolated from soil contaminated with waste cooking oil, dairy waste etc. from Shimla and Solan district of H.P. Out of 37 isolates, the isolate RL-1, which gave maximum activity, was identified as Bacillus licheniformis MH061919. The optimization of various production parameters resulted in maximum activity at inoculum age of 24 h and inoculum size of 1.5% (v/v). Esterase gave considerable activity in production medium containing sodium chloride (0.5 % w/v), galactose (1%, w/v), coconut oil (2.0%, v/v) and beef extract (0.3%, w/v) at a temperature of 45℃ and pH 8.5.The enzyme production was enhanced by 3-fold after optimization of production parameters. Further, on optimizing reaction conditions, enzyme gave maximum activity at a temperature of 45℃ and pH 8.5. The para-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) was found to be optimum substrate and metal ions and detergents have inhibitory effect on esterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akshita Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University
| | - Lalit Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University
| | - Reena Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University
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Le LTHL, Yoo W, Jeon S, Kim KK, Kim TD. Characterization and Immobilization of a Novel SGNH Family Esterase ( LaSGNH1) from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010091. [PMID: 31877740 PMCID: PMC6981805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SGNH family esterases are highly effective biocatalysts due to their strong catalytic efficiencies, great stabilities, relatively small sizes, and ease of immobilization. Here, a novel SGNH family esterase (LaSGNH1) from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, which has homologues in many Lactobacillus species, was identified, characterized, and immobilized. LaSGNH1 is highly active towards acetate- or butyrate-containing compounds, such as p-nitrophenyl acetate or 1-naphthyl acetate. Enzymatic properties of LaSGNH1, including thermal stability, optimum pH, chemical stability, and urea stability, were investigated. Interestingly, LaSGNH1 displayed a wide range of substrate specificity that included glyceryl tributyrate, tert-butyl acetate, and glucose pentaacetate. Furthermore, immobilization of LaSGNH1 by crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) showed enhanced thermal stability and efficient recycling property. In summary, this work paves the way for molecular understandings and industrial applications of a novel SGNH family esterase (LaSGNH1) from Lactobacillus acidophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Thi Huong Luu Le
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (L.T.H.L.L.); (W.Y.); (S.J.)
| | - Wanki Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (L.T.H.L.L.); (W.Y.); (S.J.)
- Department of Precision Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea;
| | - Sangeun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (L.T.H.L.L.); (W.Y.); (S.J.)
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea;
| | - T. Doohun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (L.T.H.L.L.); (W.Y.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-2739-6479
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13
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Biochemical characterization of an esterase from Clostridium acetobutylicum with novel GYSMG pentapeptide motif at the catalytic domain. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 47:169-181. [PMID: 31807968 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene CA_C0816 codes for a serine hydrolase protein from Clostridium acetobutylicum (ATCC 824) a member of hormone-sensitive lipase of lipolytic family IV. This gene was overexpressed in E. coli strain BL21and purified using Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that the protein is a dimer in solution. Optimum pH and temperature for recombinant Clostridium acetobutylicum esterase (Ca-Est) were found to be 7.0 and 60 °C, respectively. This enzyme exhibited high preference for p-nitrophenyl butyrate. KM and kcat/KM of the enzyme were 24.90 µM and 25.13 s-1 µM-1, respectively. Sequence analysis of Ca-Est predicts the presence of catalytic amino acids Ser 89, His 224, and Glu 196, presence of novel GYSMG conserved sequence (instead of GDSAG and GTSAG motif), and undescribed variation of HGSG motif. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that Ser 89 and His 224 play a major role in catalysis. This study reports that Ca-Est is hormone-sensitive lipase with novel GYSMG pentapeptide motif at a catalytic domain.
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14
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Molecular Characterization of a Novel Family VIII Esterase with β-Lactamase Activity ( PsEstA) from Paenibacillus sp. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120786. [PMID: 31779208 PMCID: PMC6995599 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular information about family VIII esterases, which have similarities with class C β-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins, remains largely unknown. In this study, a novel family VIII esterase with β-lactamase activity (PsEstA) from Paenibacillus sp. was characterized using several biochemical and biophysical methods. PsEstA was effective on a broad range of substrates including tertiary butyl acetate, glyceryl tributyrate, glucose pentaacetate, olive oil, and p-nitrophenyl esters. Additionally, PsEstA hydrolyzed nitrocefin, cefotaxime, and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. Interestingly, two forms of immobilized PsEstA (CLEAs-PsEstA and mCLEAs-PsEstA) showed high recycling property and enhanced stability, but hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs) of PsEstA require improvement. This study provides a molecular understanding of substrate specificities, catalytic regulation, and immobilization of PsEstA, which can be efficiently used in biotechnological applications.
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15
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Molecular Characterization of a Novel Cold-Active Hormone-Sensitive Lipase ( HaHSL) from Halocynthiibacter Arcticus. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110704. [PMID: 31694309 PMCID: PMC6921082 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial hormone-sensitive lipases (bHSLs), which are homologous to the catalytic domains of human HSLs, have received great interest due to their uses in the preparation of highly valuable biochemicals, such as drug intermediates or chiral building blocks. Here, a novel cold-active HSL from Halocynthiibacter arcticus (HaHSL) was examined and its enzymatic properties were investigated using several biochemical and biophysical methods. Interestingly, HaHSL acted on a large variety of substrates including tertiary alcohol esters and fish oils. Additionally, this enzyme was highly tolerant to high concentrations of salt, detergents, and glycerol. Furthermore, immobilized HaHSL retained its activity for up to six cycles of use. Homology modeling suggested that aromatic amino acids (Trp23, Tyr74, Phe78, Trp83, and Phe245) in close proximity to the substrate-binding pocket were important for enzyme activity. Mutational analysis revealed that Tyr74 played an important role in substrate specificity, thermostability, and enantioselectivity. In summary, the current study provides an invaluable insight into the novel cold-active HaHSL from H. arcticus, which can be efficiently and sustainably used in a wide range of biotechnological applications.
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Lyagin I, Efremenko E. Enzymes for Detoxification of Various Mycotoxins: Origins and Mechanisms of Catalytic Action. Molecules 2019; 24:E2362. [PMID: 31247992 PMCID: PMC6651818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are highly dangerous natural compounds produced by various fungi. Enzymatic transformation seems to be the most promising method for detoxification of mycotoxins. This review summarizes current information on enzymes of different classes to convert various mycotoxins. An in-depth analysis of 11 key enzyme mechanisms towards dozens of major mycotoxins was realized. Additionally, molecular docking of mycotoxins to enzymes' active centers was carried out to clarify some of these catalytic mechanisms. Analyzing protein homologues from various organisms (plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria), the prevalence and availability of natural sources of active biocatalysts with a high practical potential is discussed. The importance of multifunctional enzyme combinations for detoxification of mycotoxins is posed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Lyagin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Elena Efremenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, Moscow 119334, Russia.
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17
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Characterization and mutation anaylsis of a cold-active bacterial hormone-sensitive lipase from Salinisphaera sp. P7-4. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:132-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Structural and functional analysis of a dimeric fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (EaFAH) from psychrophilic Exiguobacterium antarcticum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:773-778. [PMID: 30630595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) is essential for the degradation of aromatic amino acids as well as for the cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds in metabolites or small organic compounds. Here, the X-ray crystal structure of EaFAH, a dimeric fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase from Exiguobacterium antarcticum, was determined, and its functional properties were investigated using biochemical methods. EaFAH adopts a mixed β-sandwich roll fold with a highly flexible lid region (Val73-Leu94), and an Mg2+ ion is bound at the active site by coordinating to the three carboxylate oxygen atoms of Glu124, Glu126, and Asp155. The hydrolytic activity of EaFAH toward various substrates, including linalyl acetate was investigated using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, activity staining, gel filtration, circular dichroism spectroscopy, fluorescence, and enzyme assays.
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19
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da Costa WLO, Araújo CLDA, Dias LM, Pereira LCDS, Alves JTC, Araújo FA, Folador EL, Henriques I, Silva A, Folador ARC. Functional annotation of hypothetical proteins from the Exiguobacterium antarcticum strain B7 reveals proteins involved in adaptation to extreme environments, including high arsenic resistance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198965. [PMID: 29940001 PMCID: PMC6016940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exiguobacterium antarcticum strain B7 is a psychrophilic Gram-positive bacterium that possesses enzymes that can be used for several biotechnological applications. However, many proteins from its genome are considered hypothetical proteins (HPs). These functionally unknown proteins may indicate important functions regarding the biological role of this bacterium, and the use of bioinformatics tools can assist in the biological understanding of this organism through functional annotation analysis. Thus, our study aimed to assign functions to proteins previously described as HPs, present in the genome of E. antarcticum B7. We used an extensive in silico workflow combining several bioinformatics tools for function annotation, sub-cellular localization and physicochemical characterization, three-dimensional structure determination, and protein-protein interactions. This genome contains 2772 genes, of which 765 CDS were annotated as HPs. The amino acid sequences of all HPs were submitted to our workflow and we successfully attributed function to 132 HPs. We identified 11 proteins that play important roles in the mechanisms of adaptation to adverse environments, such as flagellar biosynthesis, biofilm formation, carotenoids biosynthesis, and others. In addition, three predicted HPs are possibly related to arsenic tolerance. Through an in vitro assay, we verified that E. antarcticum B7 can grow at high concentrations of this metal. The approach used was important to precisely assign function to proteins from diverse classes and to infer relationships with proteins with functions already described in the literature. This approach aims to produce a better understanding of the mechanism by which this bacterium adapts to extreme environments and to the finding of targets with biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wana Lailan Oliveira da Costa
- Laboratory of Genomic and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Leonardo de Aragão Araújo
- Laboratory of Genomic and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Larissa Maranhão Dias
- Laboratory of Genomic and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lino César de Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of Genomic and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jorianne Thyeska Castro Alves
- Laboratory of Genomic and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Almeida Araújo
- Laboratory of Genomic and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Folador
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Isabel Henriques
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur Silva
- Laboratory of Genomic and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ribeiro Carneiro Folador
- Laboratory of Genomic and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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20
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Lee CW, Park SH, Lee SG, Park HH, Kim HJ, Park H, Park H, Lee JH. Crystal structure of dihydrodipicolinate reductase (PaDHDPR) from Paenisporosarcina sp. TG-14: structural basis for NADPH preference as a cofactor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7936. [PMID: 29786696 PMCID: PMC5962572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DHDPR) is a key enzyme in the diaminopimelate- and lysine-synthesis pathways that reduces DHDP to tetrahydrodipicolinate. Although DHDPR uses both NADPH and NADH as a cofactor, the structural basis for cofactor specificity and preference remains unclear. Here, we report that Paenisporosarcina sp. TG-14 PaDHDPR has a strong preference for NADPH over NADH, as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry and enzymatic activity assays. We determined the crystal structures of PaDHDPR alone, with its competitive inhibitor (dipicolinate), and the ternary complex of the enzyme with dipicolinate and NADPH, with results showing that only the ternary complex had a fully closed conformation and suggesting that binding of both substrate and nucleotide cofactor is required for enzymatic activity. Moreover, NADPH binding induced local conformational changes in the N-terminal long loop (residues 34–59) of PaDHDPR, as the His35 and Lys36 residues in this loop interacted with the 2′-phosphate group of NADPH, possibly accounting for the strong preference of PaDHDPR for NADPH. Mutation of these residues revealed reduced NADPH binding and enzymatic activity, confirming their importance in NADPH binding. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of action and cofactor selectivity of this important bacterial enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woo Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ha Park
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gu Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - HaJeung Park
- X-Ray Core, TRI, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Hyun Park
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Chownk M, Kaur J, Singh K, Kaur J. mbtJ: an iron stress-induced acetyl hydrolase/esterase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis helps bacteria to survive during iron stress. Future Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29519132 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM mbtJ from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv is a member of mbt A-J operon required for mycobactin biogenesis. MATERIALS & METHODS The esterase/acetyl-hydrolase activity of mbtJ was determined by pNP-esters/native-PAGE and expression under iron stress by quantitative-PCR. Effect of gene on growth/survival of Mycobacterium was studied using antisense. Its effect on morphology, growth/infection was studied in Mycobacterium smegmatis. RESULTS It showed acetyl hydrolase/esterase activity at pH 8.0 and 50°C with pNP-butyrate. Its expression was upregulated under iron stress. The antisense inhibited the survival of bacterium during iron stress. Expression of mbtJ changed colony morphology and enhanced the growth/infection in M. smegmatis. CONCLUSION mbtJ, an acetyl-hydrolase/esterase, enhanced the survival of M. tuberculosis under iron stress, affected the growth/infection efficiency in M. smegmatis, suggesting its pivotal role in the intracellular survival of bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Chownk
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jashandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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