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Backus GA, Clements CF, Baskett ML. Restoring spatiotemporal variability to enhance the capacity for dispersal-limited species to track climate change. Ecology 2024; 105:e4257. [PMID: 38426609 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Climate refugia are areas where species can persist through climate change with little to no movement. Among the factors associated with climate refugia are high spatial heterogeneity, such that there is only a short distance between current and future optimal climates, as well as biotic or abiotic environmental factors that buffer against variability in time. However, these types of climate refugia may be declining due to anthropogenic homogenization of environments and degradation of environmental buffers. To quantify the potential for restoration of refugia-like environmental conditions to increase population persistence under climate change, we simulated a population's capacity to track their temperature over space and time given different levels of spatial and temporal variability in temperature. To determine how species traits affected the efficacy of restoring heterogeneity, we explored an array of values for species' dispersal ability, thermal tolerance, and fecundity. We found that species were more likely to persist in environments with higher spatial heterogeneity and lower environmental stochasticity. When simulating a management action that increased the spatial heterogeneity of a previously homogenized environment, species were more likely to persist through climate change, and population sizes were generally higher, but there was little effect with mild temperature change. The benefits of heterogeneity restoration were greatest for species with limited dispersal ability. In contrast, species with longer dispersal but lower fecundity were more likely to benefit from a reduction in environmental stochasticity than an increase in spatial heterogeneity. Our results suggest that restoring environments to refugia-like conditions could promote species' persistence under the influence of climate change in addition to conservation strategies such as assisted migration, corridors, and increased protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Backus
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Marissa L Baskett
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Arias-González C, González-Maya JF, García-Villalba J, Blázquez M, Alfredo Arreola Lizárraga J, Cecilia Díaz Castro S, Ortega Rubio A. The identification and conservation of climate refugia for two Colombian endemic titi (Plecturocebus) monkeys. J Nat Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Mahanes SA, Bracken MES, Sorte CJB. Climate Change Amelioration by Marine Producers: Does Dominance Predict Impact? THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:299-314. [PMID: 36716485 DOI: 10.1086/721229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractClimate change threatens biodiversity worldwide, and assessing how those changes will impact communities will be critical for conservation. Dominant primary producers can alter local-scale environmental conditions, reducing temperature via shading and mitigating ocean acidification via photosynthesis, which could buffer communities from the impacts of climate change. We conducted two experiments on the coast of southeastern Alaska to assess the effects of a common seaweed species, Neorhodomela oregona, on temperature and pH in field tide pools and tide pool mesocosms. We found that N. oregona was numerically dominant in this system, covering >60% of habitable space in the pools and accounting for >40% of live cover. However, while N. oregona had a density-dependent effect on pH in isolated mesocosms, we did not find a consistent effect of N. oregona on either pH or water temperature in tide pools in the field. These results suggest that the amelioration of climate change impacts in immersed marine ecosystems by primary producers is not universal and likely depends on species' functional attributes, including photosynthetic rate and physical structure, in addition to abundance or dominance.
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Backus GA, Huang Y, Baskett ML. Comparing management strategies for conserving communities of climate-threatened species with a stochastic metacommunity model. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210380. [PMID: 35757886 PMCID: PMC9237742 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species are shifting their ranges to keep pace with climate change, but habitat fragmentation and limited dispersal could impede these range shifts. In the case of climate-vulnerable foundation species such as tropical reef corals and temperate forest trees, such limitations might put entire communities at risk of extinction. Restoring connectivity through corridors, stepping-stones or enhanced quality of existing patches could prevent the extinction of several species, but dispersal-limited species might not benefit if other species block their dispersal. Alternatively, managers might relocate vulnerable species between habitats through assisted migration, but this is generally a species-by-species approach. To evaluate the relative efficacy of these strategies, we simulated the climate-tracking of species in randomized competitive metacommunities with alternative management interventions. We found that corridors and assisted migration were the most effective strategies at reducing extinction. Assisted migration was especially effective at reducing the extinction likelihood for short-dispersing species, but it often required moving several species repeatedly. Assisted migration was more effective at reducing extinction in environments with higher stochasticity, and corridors were more effective at reducing extinction in environments with lower stochasticity. We discuss the application of these approaches to an array of systems ranging from tropical corals to temperate forests. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ecological complexity and the biosphere: the next 30 years’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Backus
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yansong Huang
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Marissa L Baskett
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Kimball KD, Weihrauch DM, Murray GL. Understanding Northeastern US Alpine Mountains: Context, Causal Agents of Treeline, and Meteorology to Approximate Their Response to Climate Change. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/045.028.s1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. Kimball
- Appalachian Mountain Club (retired), Research Department, PO Box 596, Jackson, NH 03846
| | - Douglas M. Weihrauch
- Appalachian Mountain Club (former alpine ecologist), Research Department, 38 Coolidge Avenue, Northampton, MA 01060
| | - Georgia L.D. Murray
- Appalachian Mountain Club (staff scientist), Research Department, PO Box 298, Gorham, NH 03581
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Tronstad LM, Hotaling S, Giersch JJ, Wilmot OJ, Finn DS. Headwaters Fed by Subterranean Ice: Potential Climate Refugia for Mountain Stream Communities? WEST N AM NATURALIST 2020. [DOI: 10.3398/064.080.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lusha M. Tronstad
- Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Scott Hotaling
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - J. Joseph Giersch
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, West Glacier, MT
| | - Oliver J. Wilmot
- Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Debra S. Finn
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO
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Principal Threats to the Conservation of Running Water Habitats in the Continental Biogeographical Region of Central Europe. JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper discusses the threats to the running water habitats that are highly important to biodiversity the European Community in the Continental Biogeographical Region (CBR) of Europe, specifically in Poland. This study covers four water course habitat types distinguished in Natura 2000, which is a network of nature protection areas in the territory (3260, 3220, 3240, 3270 - the code of the habitat, as in Annex I of the Habitat Directive), occurring in 806 Special Areas of Conservation in Poland. Based on a multivariate analysis, we found significant differences in the conservation status of running water habitats resulting from a variety of threats, pressures, and activities. Agriculture has a number of negative impacts on running water habitats, which are most evident for the following habitats: 3260 > 3270. Forest management may have both negative (3260) and positive effects on habitats (3270). Natural system modifications strongly affect habitats 3240, 3270 > 3260. Among the negative anthropogenic influences are pollution (3260 > 3220); human intrusions, disturbances, and tourism (reported most often) (3260, 3270); transportation and service corridors (3260, and 3270); urbanization, residential, and commercial development tourism (3260); biological resource use other than for agriculture and forestry (3270 > 3260); and mining, extraction of materials, and energy production (3270). Geological events and natural catastrophes—most often inundation—were identified as important hazards for habitat 3240. The development of alien and invasive species strongly affects habitats 3240 > 3260, 3270, and natural biotic and abiotic processes affect habitats 3220 > 3260. Negative impacts associated with climate change were detected mostly for habitat 3260. Taking into account the threats identified, a list of recommended practices for running water habitat types is presented, to be considered in habitat conservation programmes.
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The Principal Threats to the Standing Water Habitats in the Continental Biogeographical Region of Central Europe. JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper discusses threats of standing water habitats of high importance to the European Community in the Continental Biogeographical Region (CBR) of Europe, specifically in Poland, as a reference. The study covers five standing water habitats types distinguished in Natura 2000: 3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160, occurring in 806 Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in Poland. The most significant threats to standing water habitats in the Continental biogeographical region, result from human-induced changes in hydrological conditions that have modified whole natural systems. Based on multivariate analysis, we found that significant differences in the conservation status of the standing water habitats resulted from a variety of threats, pressures, and activities, among which the most significant are decreased and unstable water resources (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160), fishing and harvesting aquatic resources (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160), pollution from use of the catchment (3130, 3140, 3150), improper management and use of the agricultural catchment (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160) and forest catchment (3110, 3140, 3160), urbanisation, residential and commercial development (3150, 3140), transportation and service corridors (3140> 3160 > 3110, 3150), including parking areas (3140), changes in biocenotic evolution, succession, plant species composition (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160), succession of invasive species (3130), and more intense touristic exploration (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160). Only in the case of habitats 3110, 3130, 3140 changes in their conservation status have been associated with climate change.
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Korznikov KA, Kislov DE, Krestov PV. Modeling the Bioclimatic Range of Tall Herb Communities in Northeastern Asia. RUSS J ECOL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413619030093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Brown BJ, McLaughlin BC, Blakey RV, Morueta‐Holme N. Future vulnerability mapping based on response to extreme climate events: Dieback thresholds in an endemic California oak. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brittni J. Brown
- Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho Moscow Idaho
| | - Blair C. McLaughlin
- Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho Moscow Idaho
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Rachel V. Blakey
- Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho Moscow Idaho
- Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences University of Missouri Columbia Missouri
- The Institute for Bird Populations Point Reyes Station California
| | - Naia Morueta‐Holme
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Deb JC, Phinn S, Butt N, McAlpine CA. Climatic-Induced Shifts in the Distribution of Teak (Tectona grandis) in Tropical Asia: Implications for Forest Management and Planning. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 60:422-435. [PMID: 28474209 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Modelling the future suitable climate space for tree species has become a widely used tool for forest management planning under global climate change. Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the most valuable tropical hardwood species in the international timber market, and natural teak forests are distributed from India through Myanmar, Laos and Thailand. The extents of teak forests are shrinking due to deforestation and the local impacts of global climate change. However, the direct impacts of climate changes on the continental-scale distributions of native and non-native teak have not been examined. In this study, we developed a species distribution model for teak across its entire native distribution in tropical Asia, and its non-native distribution in Bangladesh. We used presence-only records of trees and twelve environmental variables that were most representative for current teak distributions in South and Southeast Asia. MaxEnt (maximum entropy) models were used to model the distributions of teak under current and future climate scenarios. We found that land use/land cover change and elevation were the two most important variables explaining the current and future distributions of native and non-native teak in tropical Asia. Changes in annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality and annual mean actual evapotranspiration may result in shifts in the distributions of teak across tropical Asia. We discuss the implications for the conservation of critical teak habitats, forest management planning, and risks of biological invasion that may occur due to its cultivation in non-native ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiban Chandra Deb
- Remote Sensing Research Centre, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture and Mineral Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Stuart Phinn
- Remote Sensing Research Centre, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Nathalie Butt
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Clive A McAlpine
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management and Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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