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Capera J, Jainarayanan A, Navarro-Pérez M, Valvo S, Demetriou P, Depoil D, Estadella I, Kvalvaag A, Felce JH, Felipe A, Dustin ML. Dynamics and spatial organization of Kv1.3 at the immunological synapse of human CD4+ T cells. Biophys J 2024; 123:2271-2281. [PMID: 37596785 PMCID: PMC11331042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of the immunological synapse (IS) is a key event during initiation of an adaptive immune response to a specific antigen. During this process, a T cell and an antigen presenting cell form a stable contact that allows the T cell to integrate both internal and external stimuli in order to decide whether to activate. The threshold for T cell activation depends on the strength and frequency of the calcium (Ca2+) signaling induced by antigen recognition, and it must be tightly regulated to avoid undesired harm to healthy cells. Potassium (K+) channels are recruited to the IS to maintain the negative membrane potential required to sustain Ca2+ entry. However, the precise localization of K+ channels within the IS remains unknown. Here, we visualized the dynamic subsynaptic distribution of Kv1.3, the main voltage-gated potassium channel in human T cells. Upon T cell receptor engagement, Kv1.3 polarized toward the synaptic cleft and diffused throughout the F-actin rich distal compartment of the synaptic interface-an effect enhanced by CD2-CD58 corolla formation. As the synapse matured, Kv1.3 clusters were internalized at the center of the IS and released in extracellular vesicles. We propose a model in which specific distribution of Kv1.3 within the synapse indirectly regulates the channel function and that this process is limited through Kv1.3 internalization and release in extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesusa Capera
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashwin Jainarayanan
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - María Navarro-Pérez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvatore Valvo
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philippos Demetriou
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; The Center for the Study of Haematological and Other Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - David Depoil
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Estadella
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Audun Kvalvaag
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - James H Felce
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Michael L Dustin
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Song T, Hui W, Huang M, Guo Y, Yu M, Yang X, Liu Y, Chen X. Dynamic Changes in Ion Channels during Myocardial Infarction and Therapeutic Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6467. [PMID: 38928173 PMCID: PMC11203447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In different areas of the heart, action potential waveforms differ due to differences in the expressions of sodium, calcium, and potassium channels. One of the characteristics of myocardial infarction (MI) is an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand, leading to ion imbalance. After MI, the regulation and expression levels of K+, Ca2+, and Na+ ion channels in cardiomyocytes are altered, which affects the regularity of cardiac rhythm and leads to myocardial injury. Myocardial fibroblasts are the main effector cells in the process of MI repair. The ion channels of myocardial fibroblasts play an important role in the process of MI. At the same time, a large number of ion channels are expressed in immune cells, which play an important role by regulating the in- and outflow of ions to complete intracellular signal transduction. Ion channels are widely distributed in a variety of cells and are attractive targets for drug development. This article reviews the changes in different ion channels after MI and the therapeutic drugs for these channels. We analyze the complex molecular mechanisms behind myocardial ion channel regulation and the challenges in ion channel drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenting Hui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Meiyi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
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Navarro-Pérez M, Capera J, Benavente-Garcia A, Cassinelli S, Colomer-Molera M, Felipe A. Kv1.3 in the spotlight for treating immune diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:67-82. [PMID: 38316438 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2315021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kv1.3 is the main voltage-gated potassium channel of leukocytes from both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Channel function is required for common processes such as Ca2+ signaling but also for cell-specific events. In this context, alterations in Kv1.3 are associated with multiple immune disorders. Excessive channel activity correlates with numerous autoimmune diseases, while reduced currents result in increased cancer prevalence and immunodeficiencies. AREAS COVERED This review offers a general view of the role of Kv1.3 in every type of leukocyte. Moreover, diseases stemming from dysregulations of the channel are detailed, as well as current advances in their therapeutic research. EXPERT OPINION Kv1.3 arises as a potential immune target in a variety of diseases. Several lines of research focused on channel modulation have yielded positive results. However, among the great variety of specific channel blockers, only one has reached clinical trials. Future investigations should focus on developing simpler administration routes for channel inhibitors to facilitate their entrance into clinical trials. Prospective Kv1.3-based treatments will ensure powerful therapies while minimizing undesired side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Navarro-Pérez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesusa Capera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Benavente-Garcia
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Cassinelli
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magalí Colomer-Molera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Dai C, Tan M, Meng X, Dong J, Zhang Y. Effects of potassium channel knockdown on peripheral blood T lymphocytes and NFAT signaling pathway in Xinjiang Kazak patients with hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2169449. [PMID: 36691302 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2169449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD AND AIM T lymphocytes are involved in the occurrence and development of essential hypertension, and potassium channels are thought to be critical for lymphocyte activation. This study is to examine the roles of the voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv1.3) and calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa3.1) in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in Kazakh hypertensive patients of Xinjiang, China, mainly focusing on the effects of these channels on nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and inflammatory cytokines of T lymphocytes. METHOD Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 gene silencing were performed in cultured T lymphocytes from Kazakh patients with severe hypertension. T cell proliferation after gene silencing was measured using CCK-8. The mRNA and protein expression levels were measured using RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Nuclear translocation of NFAT was observed using laser confocal fluorescence microscopy. Inflammatory cytokine levels were detected with ELISA. RESULTS Compared with control group, gene silencing of Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 respectively inhibited the proliferation of T cells. Moreover, compared with the control group, the mRNA expression levels of NFAT, IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased after gene silencing. Furthermore, the NFAT protein expression level was significantly down-regulated. In addition, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 in the cell culture supernatant were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION Both Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 potassium channels activated T lymphocytes and enhanced the cytokine secretion possibly through CaN/NFAT signaling pathway, which may in turn induce micro-inflammatory responses and trigger the occurrence and progression of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Meng Tan
- Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaopan Meng
- Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- Oncology Cardiology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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5
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Chandy KG, Sanches K, Norton RS. Structure of the voltage-gated potassium channel K V1.3: Insights into the inactivated conformation and binding to therapeutic leads. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2253104. [PMID: 37695839 PMCID: PMC10496531 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2253104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune and neuroinflammatory diseases. The recent structures of KV1.3, Shaker-IR (wild-type and inactivating W434F mutant) and an inactivating mutant of rat KV1.2-KV2.1 paddle chimera (KVChim-W362F+S367T+V377T) reveal that the transition of voltage-gated potassium channels from the open-conducting conformation into the non-conducting inactivated conformation involves the rupture of a key intra-subunit hydrogen bond that tethers the selectivity filter to the pore helix. Breakage of this bond allows the side chains of residues at the external end of the selectivity filter (Tyr447 and Asp449 in KV1.3) to rotate outwards, dilating the outer pore and disrupting ion permeation. Binding of the peptide dalazatide (ShK-186) and an antibody-ShK fusion to the external vestibule of KV1.3 narrows and stabilizes the selectivity filter in the open-conducting conformation, although K+ efflux is blocked by the peptide occluding the pore through the interaction of ShK-Lys22 with the backbone carbonyl of KV1.3-Tyr447 in the selectivity filter. Electrophysiological studies on ShK and the closely-related peptide HmK show that ShK blocks KV1.3 with significantly higher potency, even though molecular dynamics simulations show that ShK is more flexible than HmK. Binding of the anti-KV1.3 nanobody A0194009G09 to the turret and residues in the external loops of the voltage-sensing domain enhances the dilation of the outer selectivity filter in an exaggerated inactivated conformation. These studies lay the foundation to further define the mechanism of slow inactivation in KV channels and can help guide the development of future KV1.3-targeted immuno-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. George Chandy
- LKCMedicine-ICESing Ion Channel Platform, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karoline Sanches
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond S. Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Smallwood TB, Navarro S, Cristofori-Armstrong B, Watkins TS, Tungatt K, Ryan RYM, Haigh OL, Lutzky VP, Mulvenna JP, Rosengren KJ, Loukas A, Miles JJ, Clark RJ. Synthetic hookworm-derived peptides are potent modulators of primary human immune cell function that protect against experimental colitis in vivo. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100834. [PMID: 34051231 PMCID: PMC8239465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autoimmune diseases is on the rise globally. Currently, autoimmunity presents in over 100 different forms and affects around 9% of the world's population. Current treatments available for autoimmune diseases are inadequate, expensive, and tend to focus on symptom management rather than cure. Clinical trials have shown that live helminthic therapy can decrease chronic inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal autoimmune inflammatory conditions. As an alternative and better controlled approach to live infection, we have identified and characterized two peptides, Acan1 and Nak1, from the excretory/secretory component of parasitic hookworms for their therapeutic activity on experimental colitis. We synthesized Acan1 and Nak1 peptides from the Ancylostoma caninum and Necator americanus hookworms and assessed their structures and protective properties in human cell-based assays and in a mouse model of acute colitis. Acan1 and Nak1 displayed anticolitic properties via significantly reducing weight loss and colon atrophy, edema, ulceration, and necrosis in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-exposed mice. These hookworm peptides prevented mucosal loss of goblet cells and preserved intestinal architecture. Acan1 upregulated genes responsible for the repair and restitution of ulcerated epithelium, whereas Nak1 downregulated genes responsible for epithelial cell migration and apoptotic cell signaling within the colon. These peptides were nontoxic and displayed key immunomodulatory functions in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by suppressing CD4+ T cell proliferation and inhibiting IL-2 and TNF production. We conclude that Acan1 and Nak1 warrant further development as therapeutics for the treatment of autoimmunity, particularly gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Smallwood
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Severine Navarro
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, QLD, Australia; Woolworths Centre for Child Nutrition Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben Cristofori-Armstrong
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas S Watkins
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
| | - Katie Tungatt
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, QLD, Australia; Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachael Y M Ryan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, QLD, Australia; Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
| | - Oscar L Haigh
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Viviana P Lutzky
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason P Mulvenna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - K Johan Rosengren
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
| | - John J Miles
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, QLD, Australia; Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, QLD, Australia; Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, QLD, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard J Clark
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Functional Expression of TRPV1 Ion Channel in the Canine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063177. [PMID: 33804707 PMCID: PMC8003907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV1, known as a capsaicin receptor, is the best-described transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel. Recently, it was shown to be expressed by non-excitable cells such as lymphocytes. However, the data regarding the functional expression of the TRPV1 channel in the immune cells are often contradictory. In the present study, we performed a phylogenetical analysis of the canine TRP ion channels, we assessed the expression of TRPV1 in the canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by qPCR and Western blot, and we determined the functionality of TRPV1 by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and calcium assay. We found high expression of TRPV2, -M2, and -M7 in the canine PBMCs, while expression of TRPV1, -V4 and, -M5 was relatively low. We confirmed that TRPV1 is expressed on the protein level in the PBMC and it localizes in the plasma membrane. The whole-cell patch-clamp recording revealed that capsaicin application caused a significant increase in the current density. Similarly, the results from the calcium assay show a dose-dependent increase in intracellular calcium level in the presence of capsaicin that was partially abolished by capsazepine. Our study confirms the expression of TRPV1 ion channel on both mRNA and protein levels in the canine PBMC and indicates that the ion channel is functional.
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8
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Khodoun M, Chimote AA, Ilyas FZ, Duncan HJ, Moncrieffe H, Kant KS, Conforti L. Targeted knockdown of Kv1.3 channels in T lymphocytes corrects the disease manifestations associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/47/eabd1471. [PMID: 33208373 PMCID: PMC7673800 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is an autoimmune disease with substantial morbidity/mortality and limited efficacy of available therapies. Memory T (Tm) lymphocytes infiltrate LN kidneys, contributing to organ damage. Analysis of LN, diabetic nephropathy, and healthy donor kidney biopsies revealed high infiltration of active CD8+ Tm cells expressing high voltage-dependent Kv1.3 potassium channels-key T cell function regulators-in LN. Nanoparticles that selectively down-regulate Kv1.3 in Tm cells (Kv1.3-NPs) reduced CD40L and interferon-γ (IFNγ) in Tm cells from LN patients in vitro. Kv1.3-NPs were tested in humanized LN mice obtained by engrafting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from LN patients into immune-deficient mice. LN mice exhibited features of the disease: increased IFNγ and CD3+CD8+ T cell renal infiltration, and reduced survival versus healthy donor PBMC engrafted mice. Kv1.3-NP treatment of patient PBMCs before engraftment decreased CD40L/IFNγ and prolonged survival of LN mice. These data show the potential benefits of targeting Kv1.3 in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat Khodoun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ameet A Chimote
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Farhan Z Ilyas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Heather J Duncan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Halima Moncrieffe
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K Shashi Kant
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laura Conforti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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9
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Cota-Arce JM, Zazueta-Favela D, Díaz-Castillo F, Jiménez S, Bernáldez-Sarabia J, Caram-Salas NL, Dan KWL, Escobedo G, Licea-Navarro AF, Possani LD, De León-Nava MA. Venom components of the scorpion Centruroides limpidus modulate cytokine expression by T helper lymphocytes: Identification of ion channel-related toxins by mass spectrometry. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106505. [PMID: 32380407 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study of the effector mechanisms of T helper cells has revealed different phenotypic characteristics that can be manipulated for designing new therapeutic schemes in different pathological scenarios. Ion channels are significant targets in T lymphocyte modulation since they are closely related to their effector activity. Remarkably, some toxins produced by scorpions specifically affect the function of these membrane proteins. For that reason, these toxins are important candidates in the search for new immunomodulators. Here, the effect of two venom fractions of the scorpion Centruroides limpidus was assessed on T lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. The venom fractions ClF8 and ClF9 were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and cultured at 25 and 35 µg/ml with murine T lymphocytes. The results indicate that the fraction ClF8 increased both production and secretion levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A and IL-10 by CD4+ T cells at 24 h. In contrast, fraction ClF9 only promoted the secretion of IL-17A and IL-10 at its highest concentration (35 µg/ml). Both fractions did not show any effect on T cell proliferation. Subsequent analyses by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed seventeen toxins in the fraction ClF8 and five toxins in the fraction ClF9, most of them with voltage-gated sodium (NaScTx) and potassium (KScTx) channels as molecular targets. These toxins might probably interact with ion channels involved in T lymphocyte activity. Our findings suggest that the difference in composition between the two fractions could be related to the observed effects, and the components identified could be isolated to search for possible immunomodulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián M Cota-Arce
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, C.P. 22860, México
| | - Daniela Zazueta-Favela
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, C.P. 22860, México
| | - Fernando Díaz-Castillo
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, C.P. 22860, México
| | - Samanta Jiménez
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, C.P. 22860, México
| | - Johanna Bernáldez-Sarabia
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, C.P. 22860, México
| | - Nadia L Caram-Salas
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, C.P. 22860, México; Cátedra CONACYT/Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, CICESE, México
| | - Kee W L Dan
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, C.P. 22860, México
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Proteómica y Metabolómica, Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Ciudad de México, C.P. 06720, México
| | - Alexei F Licea-Navarro
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, C.P. 22860, México
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, México
| | - Marco A De León-Nava
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, C.P. 22860, México.
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10
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Wulff H, Christophersen P, Colussi P, Chandy KG, Yarov-Yarovoy V. Antibodies and venom peptides: new modalities for ion channels. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:339-357. [PMID: 30728472 PMCID: PMC6499689 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels play fundamental roles in both excitable and non-excitable tissues and therefore constitute attractive drug targets for myriad neurological, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases as well as for cancer and immunomodulation. However, achieving selectivity for specific ion channel subtypes with small-molecule drugs has been challenging, and there currently is a growing trend to target ion channels with biologics. One approach is to improve the pharmacokinetics of existing or novel venom-derived peptides. In parallel, after initial studies with polyclonal antibodies demonstrated the technical feasibility of inhibiting channel function with antibodies, multiple preclinical programmes are now using the full spectrum of available technologies to generate conventional monoclonal and engineered antibodies or nanobodies against extracellular loops of ion channels. After a summary of the current state of ion channel drug discovery, this Review discusses recent developments using the purinergic receptor channel P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7), the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 and the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 as examples of targeting ion channels with biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - K George Chandy
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Infection and Immunity Theme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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11
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Hutchings CJ, Colussi P, Clark TG. Ion channels as therapeutic antibody targets. MAbs 2018; 11:265-296. [PMID: 30526315 PMCID: PMC6380435 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1548232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that antibodies have numerous potential benefits when developed as therapeutics. Here, we evaluate the technical challenges of raising antibodies to membrane-spanning proteins together with enabling technologies that may facilitate the discovery of antibody therapeutics to ion channels. Additionally, we discuss the potential targeting opportunities in the anti-ion channel antibody landscape, along with a number of case studies where functional antibodies that target ion channels have been reported. Antibodies currently in development and progressing towards the clinic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theodore G. Clark
- TetraGenetics Inc, Arlington Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York, USA
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12
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Zou Y, Zhang F, Li Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Long Z, Shi S, Shuai L, Liu J, Di Z, Yin S. Cloning, expression and identification of KTX-Sp4, a selective Kv1.3 peptidic blocker from Scorpiops pococki. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:60. [PMID: 29142737 PMCID: PMC5674823 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Specific and selective peptidic blockers of Kv1.3 channels can serve as a valuable drug lead for treating T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, and scorpion venom is an important source of kv1.3 channel inhibitors. Through conducting transcriptomic sequencing for the venom gland of Scorpiops pococki from Xizang province of China, this research aims to discover a novel functional gene encoding peptidic blocker of Kv1.3, and identify its function. Results We screened out a new peptide toxin KTX-Sp4 which had 43 amino acids including six cysteine residues. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that recombinant expression products of KTX-Sp4 blocked both endogenous and exogenous Kv1.3 channel concentration-dependently, and exhibited good selectivity on Kv1.3 over Kv1.1, Kv1.2, respectively. Mutation experiments showed that the Kv1 turret region was responsible for the selectivity of KTX-Sp4 peptide on Kv1.3 over Kv1.1. Conclusions This work not only provided a novel lead compound for the development of anti autoimmune disease drugs, but also enriched the molecular basis for the interaction between scorpion toxins and potassium channels, serving as an important theoretical basis for designing high selective Kv1.3 peptide inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shuai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiukai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Di
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijin Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
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