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Baroi S, Czernik PJ, Khan MP, Letson J, Crowe E, Chougule A, Griffin PR, Rosen CJ, Lecka-Czernik B. PPARG in osteocytes controls cell bioenergetics and systemic energy metabolism independently of sclerostin levels in circulation. Mol Metab 2024; 88:102000. [PMID: 39074536 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The skeleton is one of the largest organs in the body, wherein metabolism is integrated with systemic energy metabolism. However, the bioenergetic programming of osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells coordinating bone metabolism, is not well defined. Here, using a mouse model with partial penetration of an osteocyte-specific PPARG deletion, we demonstrate that PPARG controls osteocyte bioenergetics and their contribution to systemic energy metabolism independently of circulating sclerostin levels, which were previously correlated with metabolic status of extramedullary fat depots. METHODS In vivo and in vitro models of osteocyte-specific PPARG deletion, i.e. Dmp1CrePparγflfl male and female mice (γOTKO) and MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells with either siRNA-silenced or CRISPR/Cas9-edited Pparγ. As applicable, the models were analyzed for levels of energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, and metabolic profile of extramedullary adipose tissue, as well as the osteocyte transcriptome, mitochondrial function, bioenergetics, insulin signaling, and oxidative stress. RESULTS Circulating sclerostin levels of γOTKO male and female mice were not different from control mice. Male γOTKO mice exhibited a high energy phenotype characterized by increased respiration, heat production, locomotion and food intake. This high energy phenotype in males did not correlate with "beiging" of peripheral adipose depots. However, both sexes showed a trend for reduced fat mass and apparent insulin resistance without changes in glucose tolerance, which correlated with decreased osteocytic responsiveness to insulin measured by AKT activation. The transcriptome of osteocytes isolated from γOTKO males suggested profound changes in cellular metabolism, fuel transport, mitochondria dysfunction, insulin signaling and increased oxidative stress. In MLO-Y4 osteocytes, PPARG deficiency correlated with highly active mitochondria, increased ATP production, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CONCLUSIONS PPARG in male osteocytes acts as a molecular break on mitochondrial function, and protection against oxidative stress and ROS accumulation. It also regulates osteocyte insulin signaling and fuel usage to produce energy. These data provide insight into the connection between osteocyte bioenergetics and their sex-specific contribution to the balance of systemic energy metabolism. These findings support the concept that the skeleton controls systemic energy expenditure via osteocyte metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Baroi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Piotr J Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Mohd Parvez Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Joshua Letson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Emily Crowe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Amit Chougule
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- The Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | | | - Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Dittmar MC, Tohidnezhad M, Fragoulis A, Bücker A, Stein M, Pufe T, Kubo Y. Pharmacological effects of methysticin and L-sulforaphane through the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in MLO-Y4 osteocytes: in vitro study. Ann Anat 2024; 254:152260. [PMID: 38521364 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many skeletal diseases by inducing osteocyte death. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of various antioxidant gene expressions through antioxidant response element (ARE) against cellular oxidative stress and can be induced by various stimulants, including the phytochemicals methysticin (MET) and L-sulforaphane (SFN). This study aimed to establish an osteocyte in vitro model to investigate the pharmacological effects of MET and SFN on the Nrf2/ARE pathway. METHODS MLO-Y4 murine osteocytes and the stably transduced MLO-Y4-SIN-lenti-ARE reporter gene cell line were used. MET and SFN were used as Nrf2 inducers. The cytotoxicity of MET, SFN, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was evaluated using the CytoTox-Glo™ Assay. Time- and dose-dependent ARE induction was examined by Monoluciferase Assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 target markers, such as heme-oxygenase 1 (Ho-1), NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), were detected by RT-qPCR, Western Blot, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Osteogenesis markers, osteopontin, and osteocalcin were compared with and without treatment by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The experimental data showed that MET and SFN induced ARE activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner and increased the mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant markers compared to vehicle-treated controls. The protein expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin in the samples treated with SFN were significantly higher than without treatment, and the number of cell death treated with SFN was significantly lower than without treatment under H2O2-induced stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2 inducers MET and SFN increased the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes through the Nrf2/ARE pathway in osteocytes. Notably, SFN increased the protein expression of osteocyte-associated osteogenic markers and suppressed cell death under H2O2-induced stress condition. Thus, Nrf2 stimulators can exert stress-relieving and osteogenic effects on osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Charlotte Dittmar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Annette Bücker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Matthias Stein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Baroi S, Czernik PJ, Khan MP, Letson J, Crowe E, Chougule A, Griffin PR, Rosen CJ, Lecka-Czernik B. PPARG in osteocytes controls cell bioenergetics and systemic energy metabolism independently of sclerostin levels in circulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588029. [PMID: 38645043 PMCID: PMC11030235 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective The skeleton is one of the largest organs in the body, wherein metabolism is integrated with systemic energy metabolism. However, the bioenergetic programming of osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells coordinating bone metabolism, is not well defined. Here, using a mouse model with partial penetration of an osteocyte-specific PPARG deletion, we demonstrate that PPARG controls osteocyte bioenergetics and their contribution to systemic energy metabolism independently of circulating sclerostin levels. Methods In vivo and in vitro models of osteocyte-specific PPARG deletion, i.e. Dmp 1 Cre Pparγ flfl male and female mice (γOT KO ) and MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells with either siRNA-silenced or CRISPR/Cas9-edited Pparγ . As applicable, the models were analyzed for levels of energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, and metabolic profile of extramedullary adipose tissue, as well as the osteocyte transcriptome, mitochondrial function, bioenergetics, insulin signaling, and oxidative stress. Results Circulating sclerostin levels of γOT KO male and female mice were not different from control mice. Male γOT KO mice exhibited a high energy phenotype characterized by increased respiration, heat production, locomotion and food intake. This high energy phenotype in males did not correlate with "beiging" of peripheral adipose depots. However, both sexes showed a trend for reduced fat mass and apparent insulin resistance without changes in glucose tolerance, which correlated with decreased osteocytic responsiveness to insulin measured by AKT activation. The transcriptome of osteocytes isolated from γOT KO males suggested profound changes in cellular metabolism, fuel transport and usage, mitochondria dysfunction, insulin signaling and increased oxidative stress. In MLO-Y4 osteocytes, PPARG deficiency correlated with highly active mitochondria, increased ATP production, shifts in fuel utilization, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conclusions PPARG in male osteocytes acts as a molecular break on mitochondrial function, and protection against oxidative stress and ROS accumulation. It also regulates osteocyte insulin signaling and fuel usage to produce energy. These data provide insight into the connection between osteocyte bioenergetics and their sex-specific contribution to the balance of systemic energy metabolism. These findings support the concept that the skeleton controls systemic energy expenditure via osteocyte metabolism. Highlights Osteocytes function as a body energostat via their bioenergeticsPPARG protein acts as a "molecular break" of osteocyte mitochondrial activityPPARG deficiency activates TCA cycle, oxidative stress and ROS accumulationPPARG controls osteocyte insulin signaling and fuel utilization.
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Marques-Carvalho A, Kim HN, Almeida M. The role of reactive oxygen species in bone cell physiology and pathophysiology. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101664. [PMID: 38163012 PMCID: PMC10757300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O2-•), and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the vast majority of mammalian cells and can contribute both to cellular homeostasis and dysfunction. The NADPH oxidases (NOX) enzymes and the mitochondria electron transport chain (ETC) produce most of the cellular ROS. Multiple antioxidant systems prevent the accumulation of excessive amounts of ROS which cause damage to all cellular macromolecules. Many studies have examined the contribution of ROS to different bone cell types and to skeletal physiology and pathophysiology. Here, we discuss the role of H2O2 and O2-• and their major enzymatic sources in osteoclasts and osteoblasts, the fundamentally different ways via which these cell types utilize mitochondrial derived H2O2 for differentiation and function, and the molecular mechanisms that impact and are altered by ROS in these cells. Particular emphasis is placed on evidence obtained from mouse models describing the contribution of different sources of ROS or antioxidant enzymes to bone resorption and formation. Findings from studies using pharmacological or genetically modified mouse models indicate that an increase in H2O2 and perhaps other ROS contribute to the loss of bone mass with aging and estrogen deficiency, the two most important causes of osteoporosis and increased fracture risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marques-Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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Awad K, Ahuja N, Yacoub AS, Brotto L, Young S, Mikos A, Aswath P, Varanasi V. Revolutionizing bone regeneration: advanced biomaterials for healing compromised bone defects. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1217054. [PMID: 37520216 PMCID: PMC10376722 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1217054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we explore the application of novel biomaterial-based therapies specifically targeted towards craniofacial bone defects. The repair and regeneration of critical sized bone defects in the craniofacial region requires the use of bioactive materials to stabilize and expedite the healing process. However, the existing clinical approaches face challenges in effectively treating complex craniofacial bone defects, including issues such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and soft tissue loss. Given that a significant portion of individuals affected by traumatic bone defects in the craniofacial area belong to the aging population, there is an urgent need for innovative biomaterials to address the declining rate of new bone formation associated with age-related changes in the skeletal system. This article emphasizes the importance of semiconductor industry-derived materials as a potential solution to combat oxidative stress and address the challenges associated with aging bone. Furthermore, we discuss various material and autologous treatment approaches, as well as in vitro and in vivo models used to investigate new therapeutic strategies in the context of craniofacial bone repair. By focusing on these aspects, we aim to shed light on the potential of advanced biomaterials to overcome the limitations of current treatments and pave the way for more effective and efficient therapeutic interventions for craniofacial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Awad
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Neelam Ahuja
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Yacoub
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Simon Young
- Katz Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonios Mikos
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Center for Excellence in Tissue Engineering, J.W. Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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Fragoulis A, Tohidnezhad M, Kubo Y, Wruck CJ, Craveiro RB, Bock A, Wolf M, Pufe T, Jahr H, Suhr F. The Contribution of the Nrf2/ARE System to Mechanotransduction in Musculoskeletal and Periodontal Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097722. [PMID: 37175428 PMCID: PMC10177782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing plays an essential role in maintaining tissue functions. Across the human body, several tissues (i.e., striated muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, as well as cartilage) require mechanical loading to exert their physiological functions. Contrary, mechanical unloading triggers pathological remodeling of these tissues and, consequently, human body dysfunctions. At the cellular level, both mechanical loading and unloading regulate a wide spectrum of cellular pathways. Among those, pathways regulated by oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent an essential node critically controlling tissue organization and function. Hence, a sensitive balance between the generation and elimination of oxidants keeps them within a physiological range. Here, the Nuclear Factor-E2-related factor 2/Antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) system plays an essential role as it constitutes the major cellular regulation against exogenous and endogenous oxidative stresses. Dysregulations of this system advance, i.a., liver, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases. Herein, we extend our comprehension of the Nrf2 system to the aforementioned mechanically sensitive tissues to explore its role in their physiology and pathology. We demonstrate the relevance of it for the tissues' functionality and highlight the imperative to further explore the Nrf2 system to understand the physiology and pathology of mechanically sensitive tissues in the context of redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rogerio Bastos Craveiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Bock
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Suhr
- Division of Molecular Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
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β-Adrenoceptor Blockade Moderates Neuroinflammation in Male and Female EAE Rats and Abrogates Sexual Dimorphisms in the Major Neuroinflammatory Pathways by Being More Efficient in Males. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1237-1265. [PMID: 35798933 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in male compared with female adult rats, and moderating effect of propranolol-induced β-adrenoceptor blockade on EAE in females, the effect associated with transcriptional stimulation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis in spinal cord microglia. This study examined putative sexual dimorphism in propranolol action on EAE severity. Propranolol treatment beginning from the onset of clinical EAE mitigated EAE severity in rats of both sexes, but to a greater extent in males exhibiting higher noradrenaline levels and myeloid cell β2-adrenoceptor expression in spinal cord. This correlated with more prominent stimulatory effects of propranolol not only on CX3CL1/CX3CR1/Nrf2/HO-1 cascade, but also on Stat3/Socs3 signaling axis in spinal cord microglia/myeloid cells (mirrored in the decreased Stat3 and the increased Socs3 expression) from male rats compared with their female counterparts. Propranolol diminished the frequency of activated cells among microglia, increased their phagocyting/endocyting capacity, and shifted cytokine secretory profile of microglia/blood-borne myeloid cells towards an anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective phenotype. Additionally, it downregulated the expression of chemokines (CCL2, CCL19/21) driving T-cell/monocyte trafficking into spinal cord. Consequently, in propranolol-treated rats fewer activated CD4+ T cells and IL-17+ T cells, including CD4+IL17+ cells coexpressing IFN-γ/GM-CSF, were recovered from spinal cord of propranolol-treated rats compared with sex-matched saline-injected controls. All the effects of propranolol were more prominent in males. The study as a whole disclosed that sexual dimorphism in multiple molecular mechanisms implicated in EAE development may be responsible for greater severity of EAE in male rats and sexually dimorphic action of substances affecting them. Propranolol moderated EAE severity more effectively in male rats, exhibiting greater spinal cord noradrenaline (NA) levels and myeloid cell β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) expression than females. Propranolol affected CX3CR1/Nrf2/HO-1 and Stat3/Socs3 signaling axes in myeloid cells, favored their anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective phenotype and, consequently, reduced Th cell reactivation and differentiation into highly pathogenic IL-17/IFN-γ/GM-CSF-producing cells.
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Tiberi J, Cesarini V, Stefanelli R, Canterini S, Fiorenza MT, Rosa PL. Sex differences in antioxidant defence and the regulation of redox homeostasis in physiology and pathology. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111802. [PMID: 36958540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a term that defines a group of unstable compounds derived from exogenous sources or endogenous metabolism. Under physiological conditions, low levels of ROS play a key role in the regulation of signal transduction- or transcription-mediated cellular responses. In contrast, excessive and uncontrolled loading of ROS results in a pathological state known as oxidative stress (OS), a leading contributor to aging and a pivotal factor for the onset and progression of many disorders. Evolution has endowed cells with an antioxidant system involved in stabilizing ROS levels to a specific threshold, preserving ROS-induced signalling function and limiting negative side effects. In mammals, a great deal of evidence indicates that females defence against ROS is more proficient than males, determining a longer lifespan and lower incidence of most chronic diseases. In this review, we will summarize the most recent sex-related differences in the regulation of redox homeostasis. We will highlight the peculiar aspects of the antioxidant defence in sex-biased diseases whose onset or progression is driven by OS, and we will discuss the molecular, genetic, and evolutionary determinants of female proficiency to cope with ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tiberi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; PhD program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeriana Cesarini
- Department of Biomedicine Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Stefanelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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Kubo Y, Gonzalez JAH, Beckmann R, Weiler M, Pahlavani H, Saldivar MC, Szymanski K, Rosenhain S, Fragoulis A, Leeflang S, Slowik A, Gremse F, Wolf M, Mirzaali MJ, Zadpoor AA, Wruck CJ, Pufe T, Tohidnezhad M, Jahr H. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) deficiency causes age-dependent progression of female osteoporosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1015. [PMID: 36434613 PMCID: PMC9700883 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial transcription factor for cellular redox homeostasis. The association of Nrf2 with elderly female osteoporotic has yet to be fully described. The aim was to elucidate a potential age-dependent Nrf2 contribution to female osteoporosis in mice. METHODS Eighteen female wild type (WT) and 16 Nrf2-knockout (KO) mice were sacrificed at different ages (12 weeks = young mature adult and 90 weeks = old) to analyze their femurs. The morphological properties (trabecular and cortical) were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and compared to gold standard histochemistry analysis. The quasi-static compression tests were performed to calculate the mechanical properties of bones. Additionally, the population of bone resorbing cells and aromatase expression by osteocytes was immunohistochemically evaluated and empty osteocyte lacunae was counted in cortical bone. RESULTS Old Nrf2-KO mice revealed a significantly reduced trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), cortical thickness, cortical area, and bone fraction compared to old WT mice, regardless of no significant difference in skeletally mature young adult mice between WT and KO. Specifically, while all old WT mice showed thin metaphyseal trabeculae, trabecular bone was completely absent in 60% of old KO mice. Additionally, old KO mice showed significantly more osteoclast-like cells and fewer aromatase-positive osteocytes than WT mice, whereas the occurrence of empty osteocyte lacunae did not differ between both groups. Nrf2-KO mice further showed an age-dependently reduced fracture resilience compared to age-matched WT mice. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chronic Nrf2 loss can lead to age-dependent progression of female osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jesus Abraham Herrera Gonzalez
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Beckmann
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marek Weiler
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Helda Pahlavani
- grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mauricio Cruz Saldivar
- grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Szymanski
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rosenhain
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sander Leeflang
- grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Slowik
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Orthodontics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Javad Mirzaali
- grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Abbas Zadpoor
- grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstraße 7, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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10
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Bjørklund G, Zou L, Peana M, Chasapis CT, Hangan T, Lu J, Maes M. The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2161. [PMID: 36358532 PMCID: PMC9686621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurodegenerative processes. This study reviews the role of the Trx system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, brain stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Trx system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of those disorders via multiple interactions through oxidative stress, apoptotic, neuro-immune, and pro-survival pathways. Multiple aberrations in Trx and TrxR systems related to other redox systems and their multiple reciprocal relationships with the neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, and neuro-oxidative pathways are here analyzed. Genetic and environmental factors (nutrition, metals, and toxins) may impact the function of the Trx system, thereby contributing to neuropsychiatric disease. Aberrations in the Trx and TrxR systems could be a promising drug target to prevent and treat neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative stress processes, and related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Lili Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Christos T. Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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11
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Rai D, Tripathi AK, Sardar A, Pandey AR, Sinha S, Chutani K, Dhaniya G, Kothari P, Sashidhara KV, Trivedi R. A novel BMP2 secretagogue ameliorates glucocorticoid induced oxidative stress in osteoblasts by activating NRF2 dependent survival while promoting Wnt/β-catenin mediated osteogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:124-147. [PMID: 35963563 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, a novel BMP2 secretagogue was synthesized belonging to a class of galloyl conjugates of flavanones, with remarkable osteogenic potential that promoted bone regeneration. We aimed to establish the protective effect of our compound against bone loss that co-exists with excess Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. GC therapy induces osteoblast damage leading to apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results delineate that compound 5e (a BMP2 secretagogue) activates NRF2 signalling to counter the disturbed cellular redox homeostasis and escalate osteoblast survival as assessed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Depletion of NRF2 by siRNA blocked activation of the NRF2/HO-1 pathway, magnified oxidative stress, increased apoptosis and abrogated the protective effects of compound 5e. 5e, on the other hand, increased ALP, mineralization activity, and promoted osteoblast differentiation by activating WNT/β-catenin signalling in BMP2 dependent manner, validated by Western blot of WNT3A, SOST, GSK3-β and β-catenin nuclear translocation. Treatment of 5e in presence of BMP inhibitor noggin attenuated the osteogenic efficacy and minimized Wnt//β-catenin signalling in presence of dexamethasone. Our compound prevents GC challenged trabecular and cortical bone loss assessed by micro-CT and promotes bone formation and osteocyte survival determined by calcein labelling and TUNEL assay in GC treated animals. The osteogenic potential of the compound was authenticated by bone turnover markers. On a concluding note, compounds with BMP upregulation can be potential therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rai
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Tripathi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anirban Sardar
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Alka Raj Pandey
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Shradha Sinha
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Kunal Chutani
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Geeta Dhaniya
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Priyanka Kothari
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
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12
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Dela Justina V, Miguez JSG, Priviero F, Sullivan JC, Giachini FR, Webb RC. Sex Differences in Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:725884. [PMID: 35822017 PMCID: PMC9261391 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.725884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of illness and death in the Western world. Cardiovascular aging is a progressive modification occurring in cardiac and vascular morphology and physiology where increased endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are observed, generally accompanied by increased systolic blood pressure and augmented pulse pressure. The effects of biological sex on cardiovascular pathophysiology have long been known. The incidence of hypertension is higher in men, and it increases in postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women are protected from CVD compared with age-matched men and this protective effect is lost with menopause, suggesting that sex-hormones influence blood pressure regulation. In parallel, the heart progressively remodels over the course of life and the pattern of cardiac remodeling also differs between the sexes. Lower autonomic tone, reduced baroreceptor response, and greater vascular function are observed in premenopausal women than men of similar age. However, postmenopausal women have stiffer arteries than their male counterparts. The biological mechanisms responsible for sex-related differences observed in cardiovascular aging are being unraveled over the last several decades. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the sex-differences of CVD in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Priviero
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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13
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Guo J, Tian S, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Hou Z, Dong W. Hydrogen saline water accelerates fracture healing by suppressing autophagy in ovariectomized rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:962303. [PMID: 36120426 PMCID: PMC9478351 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.962303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The treatment of osteoporotic fractures is difficult, and to minimize the negative result or poor functional rehabilitation, this study focuses on hydrogen water (HRW) to test its effect on the process of menopausal osteoporotic fracture healing and its relationship with autophagy and to try to reveal the potential mechanism of action of HRW on osteoporotic fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat osteoporotic fracture model was established, and HRW was systematically applied with or without 3MA. The results were analyzed with X-rays, micro-CT scans, serum biomarker analysis, biomechanical tests, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. The sham, OVX, OH (OVX+HRW) and OHA (OVX+HRW+3MA) groups were formed and compared. RESULTS Increased oxidative stress and autophagy levels were necessary physiological responses in the process of fracture healing. It was found that systemic HRW treatment slightly suppressed autophagy and then activated the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway by maintaining the Keap1-Nrf2-P62 interaction and improved the osteoporotic fracture healing process. CONCLUSION HRW treatment activated the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway to antagonize cellular stress by suppressing autophagy levels, especially at the early stage of the fracture healing process, and this was beneficial to osteoporotic fracture healing in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Siyu Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhongzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopeadic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Yingze Zhang, ; Zhiyong Hou, ; Weichong Dong,
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yingze Zhang, ; Zhiyong Hou, ; Weichong Dong,
| | - Weichong Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yingze Zhang, ; Zhiyong Hou, ; Weichong Dong,
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14
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Han J, Yang K, An J, Jiang N, Fu S, Tang X. The Role of NRF2 in Bone Metabolism - Friend or Foe? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:813057. [PMID: 35282459 PMCID: PMC8906930 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.813057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is closely related to oxidative stress. As one of the core regulatory factors of oxidative stress, NRF2 itself and its regulation of oxidative stress are both involved in bone metabolism. NRF2 plays an important and controversial role in the regulation of bone homeostasis in osteoblasts, osteoclasts and other bone cells. The role of NRF2 in bone is complex and affected by several factors, such as its expression levels, age, sex, the presence of various physiological and pathological conditions, as well as its interaction with certains transcription factors that maintain the normal physiological function of the bone tissue. The properties of NRF2 agonists have protective effects on the survival of osteogenic cells, including osteoblasts, osteocytes and stem cells. Activation of NRF2 directly inhibits osteoclast differentiation by resisting oxidative stress. The effects of NRF2 inhibition and hyperactivation on animal skeleton are still controversial, the majority of the studies suggest that the presence of NRF2 is indispensable for the acquisition and maintenance of bone mass, as well as the protection of bone mass under various stress conditions. More studies show that hyperactivation of NRF2 may cause damage to bone formation, while moderate activation of NRF2 promotes increased bone mass. In addition, the effects of NRF2 on the bone phenotype are characterized by sexual dimorphism. The efficacy of NRF2-activated drugs for bone protection and maintenance has been verified in a large number of in vivo and in vitro studies. Additional research on the role of NRF2 in bone metabolism will provide novel targets for the etiology and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Han
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinyang An
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Jiang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Songbo Fu
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xulei Tang,
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15
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Priddy C, Li J. The role of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling cascade in mechanobiology and bone health. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101149. [PMID: 34869801 PMCID: PMC8626578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with advancements in modern medicine, bone health is becoming an increasingly prevalent concern among a global population with an ever-growing life expectancy. Countless factors contribute to declining bone strength, and age exacerbates nearly all of them. The detrimental effects of bone loss have a profound impact on quality of life. As such, there is a great need for full exploration of potential therapeutic targets that may provide antiaging benefits and increase the life and strength of bone tissues. The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway is a promising avenue of this research. The cytoprotective and antioxidant functions of this pathway have been shown to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress on bone tissues, but the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are not yet fully understood. Presently, refined animal and loading models are allowing exploration into the effect of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in a tissue-specific or even cell-specific manner. In addition, Nrf2 activators currently undergoing clinical trials can be utilized to investigate the particular cellular mechanisms at work in this cytoprotective cascade. Although the timing and dosing of treatment with Nrf2 activators need to be further investigated, these activators have great potential to be used clinically to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie Priddy
- Department of Biology, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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16
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Kubo Y, Drescher W, Fragoulis A, Tohidnezhad M, Jahr H, Gatz M, Driessen A, Eschweiler J, Tingart M, Wruck CJ, Pufe T. Adverse Effects of Oxidative Stress on Bone and Vasculature in Corticosteroid-Associated Osteonecrosis: Potential Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Cytoprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:357-376. [PMID: 33678001 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Osteonecrosis (ON) is characterized by bone tissue death due to disturbance of the nutrient artery. The detailed process leading to the necrotic changes has not been fully elucidated. Clinically, high-dose corticosteroid therapy is one of the main culprits behind osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Recent Advances: Numerous studies have proposed that such ischemia concerns various intravascular mechanisms. Of all reported risk factors, the involvement of oxidative stress in the irreversible damage suffered by bone-related and vascular endothelial cells during ischemia simply cannot be overlooked. Several articles also have sought to elucidate oxidative stress in relation to ON using animal models or in vitro cell cultures. Critical Issues: However, as far as we know, antioxidant monotherapy has still not succeeded in preventing ONFH in humans. To provide this desideratum, we herein summarize the current knowledge about the influence of oxidative stress on ON, together with data about the preventive effects of administering antioxidants in corticosteroid-induced ON animal models. Moreover, oxidative stress is counteracted by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent cytoprotective network through regulating antioxidant expressions. Therefore, we also describe Nrf2 regulation and highlight its role in the pathology of ON. Future Directions: This is a review of all available literature to date aimed at developing a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanism behind ON from the perspective of oxidative stress. It may be hoped that this synthesis will spark the development of a prophylactic strategy to benefit corticosteroid-associated ONFH patients. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 357-376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolf Drescher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Rummelsberg Hospital, Schwarzenbruck, Germany
| | | | | | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gatz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arne Driessen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Martin SA, Riordan RT, Wang R, Yu Z, Aguirre-Burk AM, Wong CP, Olson DA, Branscum AJ, Turner RT, Iwaniec UT, Perez VI. Rapamycin impairs bone accrual in young adult mice independent of Nrf2. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111516. [PMID: 34389472 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced age is the strongest risk factor for osteoporosis. The immunomodulator drug rapamycin extends lifespan in numerous experimental model organisms and is being investigated as a potential therapeutic to slow human aging, but little is known about the effects of rapamycin on bone. We evaluated the impact of rapamycin treatment on bone mass, architecture, and indices of bone turnover in healthy adult (16-20 weeks old at treatment initiation) female wild-type (ICR) and Nrf2-/- mice, a mouse model of oxidative damage and aging-related disease vulnerability. Rapamycin (4 mg/kg bodyweight) was administered by intraperitoneal injection every other day for 12 weeks. Mice treated with rapamycin exhibited lower femur bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and bone volume compared to vehicle-treated mice. In midshaft femur diaphysis (cortical bone), rapamycin-treated mice had lower cortical volume and thickness, and in the distal femur metaphysis (cancellous bone), rapamycin-treated mice had higher trabecular spacing and lower connectivity density. Mice treated with rapamycin exhibited lower bone volume, bone volume fraction, and trabecular thickness in the 5th lumbar vertebra. Rapamycin-treated mice had lower levels of bone formation in the distal femur metaphysis compared to vehicle-treated mice which occurred co-incidentally with increased serum CTX-1, a marker of global bone resorption. Rapamycin had no impact on tibia inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and we found no independent effects of Nrf2 knockout on bone, nor did we find any interactions between genotype and treatment. These data show that rapamycin may have a negative impact on the skeleton of adult mice that should not be overlooked in the clinical context of its usage as a therapy to retard aging and reduce the incidence of age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Martin
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Biology of Aging Laboratory, Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA.
| | - Ruben T Riordan
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Allan M Aguirre-Burk
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Dawn A Olson
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Adam J Branscum
- Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Viviana I Perez
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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18
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Sato AY, Pellegrini GG, Cregor M, McAndrews K, Choi RB, Maiz M, Johnson O, McCabe LD, McCabe GP, Ferruzzi MG, Lila MA, Peacock M, Burr DB, Nakatsu CH, Weaver CM, Bellido T. Skeletal Protection and Promotion of Microbiome Diversity by Dietary Boosting of the Endogenous Antioxidant Response. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:768-778. [PMID: 33316081 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for interventions with better compliance that prevent the adverse effects of sex steroid deficiency on the musculoskeletal system. We identified a blueberry cultivar (Montgomerym [Mont]) that added to the diet protects female mice from musculoskeletal loss and body weight changes induced by ovariectomy. Mont, but not other blueberries, increased the endogenous antioxidant response by bypassing the traditional antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 and without activating estrogen receptor canonical signaling. Remarkably, Mont did not protect the male skeleton from androgen-induced bone loss. Moreover, Mont increased the variety of bacterial communities in the gut microbiome (α-diversity) more in female than in male mice; shifted the phylogenetic relatedness of bacterial communities (β-diversity) further in females than males; and increased the prevalence of the taxon Ruminococcus1 in females but not males. Therefore, this nonpharmacologic intervention (i) protects from estrogen but not androgen deficiency; (ii) preserves bone, skeletal muscle, and body composition; (iii) elicits antioxidant defense responses independently of classical antioxidant/estrogenic signaling; and (iv) increases gut microbiome diversity toward a healthier signature. These findings highlight the impact of nutrition on musculoskeletal and gut microbiome homeostasis and support the precision medicine principle of tailoring dietary interventions to patient individualities, like sex. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Sato
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gretel G Pellegrini
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Meloney Cregor
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin McAndrews
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roy B Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maria Maiz
- Department of Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Olivia Johnson
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Linda D McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mary A Lila
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David B Burr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cindy H Nakatsu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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19
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Liu J, Cui JY, Lu YF, Corton JC, Klaassen CD. Sex-, Age-, and Race/Ethnicity-Dependent Variations in Drug-Processing and NRF2-Regulated Genes in Human Livers. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:111-119. [PMID: 33162398 PMCID: PMC7804821 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual variations in xenobiotic metabolism affect the sensitivity to diseases. In this study, the impacts of sex, age, and race/ethnicity on drug-processing genes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) genes in human livers were examined via QuantiGene multiplex suspension array (226 samples) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (247 samples) to profile the expression of nuclear receptors, cytochrome P450s, conjugation enzymes, transporters, bile acid metabolism, and NRF2-regulated genes. Sex differences were found in expression of about half of the genes, but in general the differences were not large. For example, females had higher transcript levels of catalase, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), superoxide dismutase 1, and thioredoxin reductase-1 compared with males via qPCR. There were no apparent differences due to age, except children had higher glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and elderly had higher multidrug resistance protein 3. African Americans had lower expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) but higher expression of HO-1, Caucasians had higher expression of organic anion transporter 2, and Hispanics had higher expression of FXR, SULT2A1, small heterodimer partner, and bile salt export pump. An examination of 34 diseased and control human liver samples showed that compared with disease-free livers, fibrotic livers had higher NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), GCLC, GCLM, and NRF2; hepatocellular carcinoma had higher transcript levels of NQO1 and KEAP1; and steatotic livers had lower GCLC, GCLM, and HO-1 expression. In summary, in drug-processing gene and NRF2 genes, sex differences were the major findings, and there were no apparent age differences, and race/ethnicity differences occurred for a few genes. These descriptive findings could add to our understanding of the sex-, age-, and race/ethnicity-dependent differences in drug-processing genes as well as NRF2 genes in normal and diseased human livers. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In human liver drug-processing and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 genes, sex differences were the main finding. There were no apparent differences due to age, except children had higher glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, and elderly had higher multidrug resistance protein 3. African Americans had lower expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) but higher expression of heme oxygenase 1, Caucasians had higher expression of organic anion transporter 2, and Hispanics had higher expression of FXR, small heterodimer partner, SULT2A1, and bile salt export pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (J.L., J.Y.C., Y.-F.L., C.D.K.); Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China (J.L.,Y.-F.L.); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.Y.C); and Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L., J.C.C.)
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (J.L., J.Y.C., Y.-F.L., C.D.K.); Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China (J.L.,Y.-F.L.); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.Y.C); and Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L., J.C.C.)
| | - Yuan-Fu Lu
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (J.L., J.Y.C., Y.-F.L., C.D.K.); Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China (J.L.,Y.-F.L.); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.Y.C); and Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L., J.C.C.)
| | - J Christopher Corton
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (J.L., J.Y.C., Y.-F.L., C.D.K.); Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China (J.L.,Y.-F.L.); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.Y.C); and Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L., J.C.C.)
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (J.L., J.Y.C., Y.-F.L., C.D.K.); Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China (J.L.,Y.-F.L.); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.Y.C); and Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L., J.C.C.)
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20
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Sánchez-de-Diego C, Pedrazza L, Pimenta-Lopes C, Martinez-Martinez A, Dahdah N, Valer JA, Garcia-Roves P, Rosa JL, Ventura F. NRF2 function in osteocytes is required for bone homeostasis and drives osteocytic gene expression. Redox Biol 2020; 40:101845. [PMID: 33373776 PMCID: PMC7773566 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes, the most abundant bone cell type, are derived from osteoblasts through a process in which they are embedded in an osteoid. We previously showed that nutrient restriction promotes the osteocyte transcriptional program and is associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we show that increased mitochondrial biogenesis increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and consequently, NRF2 activity during osteocytogenesis. NRF2 activity promotes osteocyte-specific expression of Dmp1, Mepe, and Sost in IDG-SW3 cells, primary osteocytes, and osteoblasts, and in murine models with Nfe2l2 deficiency in osteocytes or osteoblasts. Moreover, ablation of Nfe2l2 in osteocytes or osteoblasts generates osteopenia and increases osteoclast numbers with marked sexual dimorphism. Finally, treatment with dimethyl fumarate prevented the deleterious effects of ovariectomy in trabecular bone masses of mice and restored osteocytic gene expression. Altogether, we uncovered the role of NRF2 activity in osteocytes during the regulation of osteocyte gene expression and maintenance of bone homeostasis. ROS levels and NRF2 activity are increased during osteocytogenesis. NRF2 drives osteocyte specification and activate the transcription of osteocyte-specific genes. NRF2 in osteocytes has a fundamental role in bone homeostasis and its deletion induces osteopenia. Activation of NRF2 with dimethyl fumarate prevents osteopenia induced by ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pedrazza
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carolina Pimenta-Lopes
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Arturo Martinez-Martinez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Norma Dahdah
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - José Antonio Valer
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia-Roves
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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21
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Pathogenic Mechanisms of Myeloma Bone Disease and Possible Roles for NRF2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186723. [PMID: 32937821 PMCID: PMC7555756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone lesions are one of the central features of multiple myeloma (MM) and lead to bone pain, fractures, decreased quality of life, and decreased survival. Dysfunction of the osteoclast (OC)/osteoblast (OB) axis plays a key role in the development of myeloma-associated osteolytic lesions. Many signaling pathways and factors are associated with myeloma bone diseases (MBDs), including the RANKL/OPG and NF-κB pathways. NRF2, a master regulator of inflammatory signaling, might play a role in the regulation of bone metabolism via anti-inflammatory signaling and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The loss of NRF2 expression in OCs reduced bone mass via the RANK/RANKL pathway and other downstream signaling pathways that affect osteoclastogenesis. The NRF2 level in OBs could interfere with interleukin (IL)-6 expression, which is associated with bone metabolism and myeloma cells. In addition to direct impact on OCs and OBs, the activity of NRF2 on myeloma cells and mesenchymal stromal cells influences the inflammatory stress/ROS level in these cells, which has an impact on OCs, OBs, and osteocytes. The interaction between these cells and OCs affects the osteoclastogenesis of myeloma bone lesions associated with NRF2. Therefore, we have reviewed the effects of NRF2 on OCs and OBs in MBDs.
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22
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Park C, Lee H, Han MH, Jeong JW, Kim SO, Jeong SJ, Lee BJ, Kim GY, Park EK, Jeon YJ, Choi YH. Cytoprotective effects of fermented oyster extracts against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1102-1119. [PMID: 33013267 PMCID: PMC7527492 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast damage by oxidative stress has been recognized as a cause of bone-related disease, including osteoporosis. Recently, we reported that fermented Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) extracts (FO) inhibited osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis, while promoting osteogenesis. However, since the beneficial potential of FO on osteoblasts is not well known, in the present study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of FO against oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Our results demonstrated that FO inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity through the rescue of mitochondrial function by blocking abnormal ROS accumulation. FO also prevented apoptosis by suppressing loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytosolic release of cytochrome c, decreasing the rate of Bax/Bcl-2 expression and reducing the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in H2O2-stimulated MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, suggesting that FO protected MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts from the induction of caspase dependent- and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by oxidative stress. In addition, FO markedly promoted the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which was associated with the enhanced expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, inhibiting the expression of HO-1 by artificially blocking the expression of Nrf2 using siRNA significantly eliminated the protective effect of FO, indicating that FO activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts to protect against oxidative stress. Based on the present data, FO is thought to be useful as a potential therapeutic agent for the inhibition of oxidative stress in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong?eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Jin Lee
- Ocean Fisheries & Biology Center, Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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23
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Franconi F, Campesi I, Romani A. Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women's and Men's Cardiovascular Health? Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:6719301. [PMID: 32454893 PMCID: PMC7212338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6719301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are long-lasting and slowly progressive and are the leading causes of death and disability. They include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) that are rising worldwide, with CVD being the leading cause of death in developed countries. Thus, there is a need to find new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Polyphenols seem to have cardioprotective properties; among them, polyphenols and/or minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are attracting special interest. In consideration of numerous sex differences present in CVD and DM, in this narrative review, we applied "gender glasses." Globally, it emerges that olive oil and its derivatives exert some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, modulate glucose metabolism, and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. However, as in prescription drugs, also in this case there is an important gender bias because the majority of the preclinical studies are performed on male animals, and the sex of donors of cells is not often known; thus a sex/gender bias characterizes preclinical research. There are numerous clinical studies that seem to suggest the benefits of EVOO and its derivatives in CVD; however, these studies have numerous limitations, presenting also a considerable heterogeneity across the interventions. Among limitations, one of the most relevant in the era of personalized medicine, is the non-attention versus women that are few and, also when they are enrolled, sex analysis is lacking. Therefore, in our opinion, it is time to perform more long, extensive and lessheterogeneous trials enrolling both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Laboratorio PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis), DiSIA Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratorio di Qualità Delle Merci e Affidabilità di Prodotto, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 59100 Florence, Italy
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24
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Yin Y, Corry KA, Loughran JP, Li J. Moderate Nrf2 Activation by Genetic Disruption of Keap1 Has Sex-Specific Effects on Bone Mass in Mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:348. [PMID: 31941926 PMCID: PMC6962200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Keap1 is a negative controller of the transcription factor Nrf2 for its activity. The Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway has been considered as a master regulator of cytoprotective genes, and exists in many cell types including osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Our previous study shows Nrf2 deletion decreases bone formation. Recent studies show hyperactivation of Nrf2 causes osteopenia in Keap1-/- mice, and Keap1-/- osteoblasts have significantly less proliferative potential than Keap1+/- osteoblasts. We aimed to examine if moderate Nrf2 activation by disruption of Keap1 impacts bone metabolism. We examined bone phenotype of Keap1 heterozygotic mice (Ht) in comparison with Keap1 wild type (WT) mice. Deletion or knockdown of Keap1 enhanced the gene expression of Nrf2, ALP and wnt5a in cultured primary osteoblasts compared to WT control. In male mice, compared with their age-matched littermate WT controls, Keap1 Ht mice showed significant increase in bone formation rate (+30.7%, P = 0.0029), but did not change the ultimate force (P < 0.01). The osteoclast cell numbers (-32.45%, P = 0.01) and surface (-32.58%, P = 0.03) were significantly reduced by Keap1 deficiency in male mice. Compared to male WT mice, serum bone resorption marker in male Keap1 Ht mice was significantly decreased. Our data suggest that moderate Nrf2 activation by disruption of Keap1 improved bone mass by regulating bone remodeling in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Yin
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China
| | - Kylie A Corry
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - John P Loughran
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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25
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Kubo Y, Wruck CJ, Fragoulis A, Drescher W, Pape HC, Lichte P, Fischer H, Tohidnezhad M, Hildebrand F, Pufe T, Jahr H. Role of Nrf2 in Fracture Healing: Clinical Aspects of Oxidative Stress. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:341-352. [PMID: 31236620 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fracture healing is a natural process that recapitulates embryonic skeletal development. In the early phase after fracture, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced under inflammatory and ischemic conditions due to vessel injury and soft tissue damage, leading to cell death. Usually, such damage during the course of fracture healing can be largely prevented by protective mechanisms and functions of antioxidant enzymes. However, intrinsic oxidative stress can cause excessive toxic radicals, resulting in irreversible damage to cells associated with bone repair during the fracture healing process. Clinically, patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, habitual drinkers, or heavy smokers are at risk of impaired fracture healing due to elevated oxidative stress. Although increased levels of oxidative stress markers upon fracture and effects of antioxidants on fracture healing have been reported, a detailed understanding of what causes impaired fracture healing under intrinsic conditions of oxidative stress is lacking. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been identified as a key transcriptional regulator of the expression of antioxidants and detoxifying enzymes. It further not only plays a crucial role in preventing degenerative diseases in multiple organs, but also during fracture healing. This narrative review evaluates the influence of intrinsic oxidative stress on fracture healing and sheds new light on the intriguing role of Nrf2 during bone regeneration in pathological fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolf Drescher
- Department of Orthopaedics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Lower Limb and Arthroplasty, Hospital Rummelsberg, Rummelsberg 71, 90592, Schwarzenbruck, Germany
| | - Hans Christoph Pape
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Lichte
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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26
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Bollag AE, Guo T, Ding KH, Choudhary V, Chen X, Zhong Q, Xu J, Yu K, Awad ME, Elsalanty M, Johnson MH, McGee-Lawrence ME, Bollag WB, Isales CM. Monomethylfumarate protects against ovariectomy-related changes in body composition. J Endocrinol 2019; 243:JOE-18-0691.R3. [PMID: 31362266 PMCID: PMC6938560 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, low bone mass that increases fracture susceptibility, affects approximately 75 million individuals in the United States, Europe and Japan, with the number of osteoporotic fractures expected to increase by more than 3-fold over the next 50 years. Bone mass declines with age, although the mechanisms for this decrease are unclear. Aging enhances production of reactive oxygen species, which can affect bone formation and breakdown. The multiple sclerosis drug Tecfidera contains dimethylfumarate, which is rapidly metabolized to monomethylfumarate (MMF); MMF is thought to function through nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2-like-2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor activated by oxidative stress which induces the expression of endogenous anti-oxidant systems. We hypothesized that MMF-elicited increases in anti-oxidants would inhibit osteopenia induced by ovariectomy, as a model of aging-related osteoporosis and high oxidative stress. We demonstrated that MMF activated Nrf2 and induced anti-oxidant Nrf2 target gene expression in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Sham-operated or ovariectomized adult female mice were fed chow with or without MMF and various parameters monitored. Ovariectomy produced the expected effects, decreasing bone mineral density and increasing body weight, fat mass, bone marrow adiposity and serum receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand (RANKL) levels. MMF decreased fat but not lean mass. MMF improved trabecular bone microarchitecture after adjustment for body weight, although the unadjusted data showed few differences; MMF also tended to increase adjusted cortical bone and to reduce bone marrow adiposity and serum RANKL levels. Because these results suggest the possibility that MMF might be beneficial for bone, further investigation seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Bollag
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Tianyang Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ke-Hong Ding
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Jianru Xu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Kanglun Yu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Mohamed E. Awad
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Maribeth H. Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Meghan E. McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Wendy B. Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Carlos M. Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
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Shao Y, Wichern E, Childress PJ, Adaway M, Misra J, Klunk A, Burr DB, Wek RC, Mosley AL, Liu Y, Robling AG, Brustovetsky N, Hamilton J, Jacobs K, Vashishth D, Stayrook KR, Allen MR, Wallace JM, Bidwell JP. Loss of Nmp4 optimizes osteogenic metabolism and secretion to enhance bone quality. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E749-E772. [PMID: 30645175 PMCID: PMC6580174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00343.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A goal of osteoporosis therapy is to restore lost bone with structurally sound tissue. Mice lacking the transcription factor nuclear matrix protein 4 (Nmp4, Zfp384, Ciz, ZNF384) respond to several classes of osteoporosis drugs with enhanced bone formation compared with wild-type (WT) animals. Nmp4-/- mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) exhibit an accelerated and enhanced mineralization during osteoblast differentiation. To address the mechanisms underlying this hyperanabolic phenotype, we carried out RNA-sequencing and molecular and cellular analyses of WT and Nmp4-/- MSPCs during osteogenesis to define pathways and mechanisms associated with elevated matrix production. We determined that Nmp4 has a broad impact on the transcriptome during osteogenic differentiation, contributing to the expression of over 5,000 genes. Phenotypic anchoring of transcriptional data was performed for the hypothesis-testing arm through analysis of cell metabolism, protein synthesis and secretion, and bone material properties. Mechanistic studies confirmed that Nmp4-/- MSPCs exhibited an enhanced capacity for glycolytic conversion: a key step in bone anabolism. Nmp4-/- cells showed elevated collagen translation and secretion. The expression of matrix genes that contribute to bone material-level mechanical properties was elevated in Nmp4-/- cells, an observation that was supported by biomechanical testing of bone samples from Nmp4-/- and WT mice. We conclude that loss of Nmp4 increases the magnitude of glycolysis upon the metabolic switch, which fuels the conversion of the osteoblast into a super-secretor of matrix resulting in more bone with improvements in intrinsic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Emily Wichern
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul J Childress
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michele Adaway
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jagannath Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Angela Klunk
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David B Burr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Amber L Mosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nickolay Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kylie Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
| | - Keith R Stayrook
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joseph P Bidwell
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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Peng H, Yang M, Guo Q, Su T, Xiao Y, Xia ZY. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides regulate age-related lineage commitment between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12624. [PMID: 31038249 PMCID: PMC6668967 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Excessive oxidative stress and diminished antioxidant defences could contribute to age‐related tissue damage and various diseases including age‐related osteoporosis. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOPs), a major ingredient from a traditional Chinese medicine, have a great potential of antioxidative activity. In this study, we explore the role of DOP in age‐related osteoporosis that remains elusive. Materials and methods Oxidative stimulation and DOP were used to treat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), whose lineage commitment was measured by adipogenic‐ and osteoblastic‐induced differentiation analysis. The oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity of BMSCs under the treatment of DOP were analysed by the level of MDA, SOD. Related mechanism studies were confirmed by qRT‐PCR, Western blotting and siRNA transfection. DOP was orally administrated in aged mice whose phenotype was confirmed by micro‐CT, immunofluorescence, immunochemistry and calcein double‐labelling analysis. Results Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide treatment markedly increased osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation. In vitro, DOP could rescue H2O2‐induced switch of BMSCs differentiation fate. However, this effect was abolished in BMSCs when interfered with Nrf2 siRNA. Furthermore, administration of DOP to aged mice significantly increased the bone mass and reduced the marrow adipose tissue (MAT) accompanied with decreased oxidative stress of BMSCs. Conclusions Our study reveals that DOP can attenuate bone loss and MAT accumulation through NRF2 antioxidant signalling, which may represent as potential therapeutic agent for age‐related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhu-Ying Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Hobson S, Arefin S, Kublickiene K, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P. Senescent Cells in Early Vascular Ageing and Bone Disease of Chronic Kidney Disease-A Novel Target for Treatment. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020082. [PMID: 30717151 PMCID: PMC6409791 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with bone-mineral disorders, premature vascular ageing is a common feature of the uremic phenotype. A detailed understanding of mechanisms involved remains unclear and warrants further research. Available treatment options for end stage renal disease are principally dialysis and organ transplantation, as other treatment alternatives have proven insufficient. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been proposed as a model of early vascular and bone ageing, with accumulating evidence supporting the contribution of cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) to cardiovascular pathology in CKD. Correspondingly, novel therapies based around the use of senolytic compounds and nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) agonists, have been suggested as attractive novel treatment options. In this review, we detail the contribution of the uremic environment to these processes underpinning ageing and how these relate to vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Hobson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhao YF, Qiong-Zhang, Zhang JF, Lou ZY, Zu HB, Wang ZG, Zeng WC, Kai-Yao, Xiao BG. The Synergy of Aging and LPS Exposure in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:785-797. [PMID: 30271656 PMCID: PMC6147589 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable physiological challenge occurring in organisms over time, and is also the most important risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we observed cellular and molecular changes of different age mice and LPS-induced Parkinson disease (PD) model. The results showed that behavioral performance and dopaminergic (DA) neurons were declined, accompanied by increased expression of pro-inflammatory factors (TLR2, p-NF-kB-p65, IL-1β and TNF-α), as well as pro-oxidative stress factor gp91phox in aged mice compared with young mice. Aging exaggerated inflammatory M1 microglia, and destroyed the balance between oxidation and anti-oxidation. The intranasal LPS instillation induced PD model in both young and aged mice. The poor behavioral performance and the loss of DA neurons as well as TLR2, p-NF-kB-p65, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS and gp91phox were further aggravated in LPS-aged mice. Interestingly, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was up-regulated by LPS only in young LPS-PD mice, but not in aged mice. The results indicate that the synergy of aging process and LPS exposure may prominently aggravate the DA neurons loss caused by more serious neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fei Zhao
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong-Zhang
- 2Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yin Lou
- 3Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hen-Bing Zu
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Gao Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Zeng
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Yao
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- 2Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Farr JN, Almeida M. The Spectrum of Fundamental Basic Science Discoveries Contributing to Organismal Aging. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1568-1584. [PMID: 30075061 PMCID: PMC6327947 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging research has undergone unprecedented advances at an accelerating rate in recent years, leading to excitement in the field as well as opportunities for imagination and innovation. Novel insights indicate that, rather than resulting from a preprogrammed series of events, the aging process is predominantly driven by fundamental non-adaptive mechanisms that are interconnected, linked, and overlap. To varying degrees, these mechanisms also manifest with aging in bone where they cause skeletal fragility. Because these mechanisms of aging can be manipulated, it might be possible to slow, delay, or alleviate multiple age-related diseases and their complications by targeting conserved genetic signaling pathways, controlled functional networks, and basic biochemical processes. Indeed, findings in various mammalian species suggest that targeting fundamental aging mechanisms (eg, via either loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations or administration of pharmacological therapies) can extend healthspan; ie, the healthy period of life free of chronic diseases. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of the spectrum of fundamental basic science discoveries contributing to organismal aging, with emphasis on mammalian studies and in particular aging mechanisms in bone that drive skeletal fragility. These mechanisms or aging hallmarks include: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Because these mechanisms are linked, interventions that ameliorate one hallmark can in theory ameliorate others. In the field of bone and mineral research, current challenges include defining the relative contributions of each aging hallmark to the natural skeletal aging process, better understanding the complex interconnections among the hallmarks, and identifying the most effective therapeutic strategies to safely target multiple hallmarks. Based on their interconnections, it may be feasible to simultaneously interfere with several fundamental aging mechanisms to alleviate a wide spectrum of age-related chronic diseases, including osteoporosis. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Farr
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Put "gender glasses" on the effects of phenolic compounds on cardiovascular function and diseases. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2677-2691. [PMID: 29696400 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of sex and gender is particularly relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as in several aspects of drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Anatomical and physiological differences between the sexes may influence the activity of many drugs, including the possibility of their interaction with other drugs, bioactive compounds, foods and beverages. Phenolic compounds could interact with our organism at organ, cellular, and molecular levels triggering a preventive action against chronic diseases, including CVD. RESULTS This article will review the role of sex on the activity of these bioactive molecules, considering the existence of sex differences in oxidative stress. It describes the pharmacokinetics of phenolic compounds, their effects on vessels, on cardiovascular system, and during development, including the role of nuclear receptors and microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a large gap between the knowledge of the sex differences in the phenolic compounds' activity and safety, and the urgent need for more research, available data underlie the possibility that plant-derived phenolic compounds could differently influence the health of male and female subjects.
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Ferrándiz ML, Nacher-Juan J, Alcaraz MJ. Nrf2 as a therapeutic target for rheumatic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 152:338-346. [PMID: 29660314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of cellular protective processes. Rheumatic diseases are chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, pain, tissue damage and limitations in function. Main examples are rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Their high prevalence constitutes a major health problem with an important social and economic impact. A wide range of evidence indicates that Nrf2 may control different mechanisms involved in the physiopathology of rheumatic conditions. Therefore, the appropriate expression and balance of Nrf2 is necessary for regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, immune responses, and cartilage and bone metabolism. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 deficiency aggravates the disease in experimental models while Nrf2 activation results in immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. These reports reinforce the increasing interest in the pharmacologic regulation of Nrf2 and its potential applications. Nevertheless, a majority of Nrf2 inducers are electrophilic molecules which may present off-target effects. In recent years, novel strategies have been sought to modulate the Nrf2 pathway which has emerged as a therapeutic target in rheumatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Ferrándiz
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Josep Nacher-Juan
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria José Alcaraz
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.
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Tahimic CGT, Globus RK. Redox Signaling and Its Impact on Skeletal and Vascular Responses to Spaceflight. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102153. [PMID: 29035346 PMCID: PMC5666834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight entails exposure to numerous environmental challenges with the potential to contribute to both musculoskeletal and vascular dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to describe current understanding of microgravity and radiation impacts on the mammalian skeleton and associated vasculature at the level of the whole organism. Recent experiments from spaceflight and ground-based models have provided fresh insights into how these environmental stresses influence mechanisms that are related to redox signaling, oxidative stress, and tissue dysfunction. Emerging mechanistic knowledge on cellular defenses to radiation and other environmental stressors, including microgravity, are useful for both screening and developing interventions against spaceflight-induced deficits in bone and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice G T Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
- KBRWyle, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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