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Zhao X, Liu S, Li S, Jiang W, Wang J, Xiao J, Chen T, Ma J, Khan MZ, Wang W, Li M, Li S, Cao Z. Unlocking the power of postbiotics: A revolutionary approach to nutrition for humans and animals. Cell Metab 2024; 36:725-744. [PMID: 38569470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Postbiotics, which comprise inanimate microorganisms or their constituents, have recently gained significant attention for their potential health benefits. Extensive research on postbiotics has uncovered many beneficial effects on hosts, including antioxidant activity, immunomodulatory effects, gut microbiota modulation, and enhancement of epithelial barrier function. Although these features resemble those of probiotics, the stability and safety of postbiotics make them an appealing alternative. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the latest research on postbiotics, emphasizing their positive impacts on both human and animal health. As our understanding of the influence of postbiotics on living organisms continues to grow, their application in clinical and nutritional settings, as well as animal husbandry, is expected to expand. Moreover, by substituting postbiotics for antibiotics, we can promote health and productivity while minimizing adverse effects. This alternative approach holds immense potential for improving health outcomes and revolutionizing the food and animal products industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sumin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Pant A, Das B, Arimbasseri GA. Host microbiome in tuberculosis: disease, treatment, and immunity perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236348. [PMID: 37808315 PMCID: PMC10559974 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an airborne pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), poses an unprecedented health and economic burden to most of the developing countries. Treatment of TB requires prolonged use of a cocktail of antibiotics, which often manifest several side effects, including stomach upset, nausea, and loss of appetite spurring on treatment non-compliance and the emergence of antibiotic resistant M. tb. The anti-TB treatment regimen causes imbalances in the composition of autochthonous microbiota associated with the human body, which also contributes to major side effects. The microbiota residing in the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in various physiological processes, including resistance against colonization by pathogens, boosting host immunity, and providing key metabolic functions. In TB patients, due to prolonged exposure to anti-tuberculosis drugs, the gut microbiota significantly loses its diversity and several keystone bacterial taxa. This loss may result in a significant reduction in the functional potency of the microbiota, which is a probable reason for poor treatment outcomes. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional changes of the gut microbiota during TB and its treatment. A major focus of the review is oriented to the gut microbial association with micronutrient profiles and immune cell dynamics during TB infection. Furthermore, we summarize the acquisition of anti-microbial resistance in M. tb along with the microbiome-based therapeutics to cure the infections. Understanding the relationship between these components and host susceptibility to TB disease is important to finding potential targets that may be used in TB prevention, progression, and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Pant
- Molecular Genetics Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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3
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de Homdedeu M, Sanchez-Moral L, Violán C, Ràfols N, Ouchi D, Martín B, Peinado MA, Rodríguez-Cortés A, Arch-Sisquella M, Perez-Zsolt D, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Izquierdo-Useros N, Salvador B, Matllo J, López-Serrano S, Segalés J, Vilaplana C, Torán-Monserrat P, Morros R, Monfà R, Sarrias MR, Cardona PJ. Mycobacterium manresensis induces trained immunity in vitro. iScience 2023; 26:106873. [PMID: 37250788 PMCID: PMC10182650 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic posed a global health crisis, with new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants weakening vaccine-driven protection. Trained immunity could help tackle COVID-19 disease. Our objective was to analyze whether heat-killed Mycobacterium manresensis (hkMm), an environmental mycobacterium, induces trained immunity and confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. To this end, THP-1 cells and primary monocytes were trained with hkMm. The increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-10, metabolic activity, and changes in epigenetic marks suggested hkMm-induced trained immunity in vitro. Healthcare workers at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled into the MANRECOVID19 clinical trial (NCT04452773) and were administered Nyaditum resae (NR, containing hkMm) or placebo. No significant differences in monocyte inflammatory responses or the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were found between the groups, although NR modified the profile of circulating immune cell populations. Our results show that M. manresensis induces trained immunity in vitro but not in vivo when orally administered as NR daily for 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel de Homdedeu
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lidia Sanchez-Moral
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Concepció Violán
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- North Metropolitan Research Support Unit, Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
- Northern Metropolitan Primary Care Management, Catalan Institute of Health, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Neus Ràfols
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Dan Ouchi
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Martín
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Peinado
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Alhelí Rodríguez-Cortés
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Arch-Sisquella
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Betlem Salvador
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Matllo
- Department of Prevention and Risks, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Northern Metropolitan Territorial Management, Catalan Health Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergi López-Serrano
- Joint IRTA-UAB Research Unit in Animal Health, Animal Health Research Center (CReSA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Animal Health Program, Animal Health Research Center (CReSA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Joint IRTA-UAB Research Unit in Animal Health, Animal Health Research Center (CReSA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Cristina Vilaplana
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Direcció Clínica Territorial de Malalties Infeccioses i Salut Internacional de Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- North Metropolitan Research Support Unit, Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
- Northern Metropolitan Primary Care Management, Catalan Institute of Health, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosa Morros
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Monfà
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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Lou X, Xue J, Shao R, Mo C, Wang F, Chen G. Postbiotics as potential new therapeutic agents for sepsis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad022. [PMID: 37334140 PMCID: PMC10271603 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is the main cause of death in critically ill patients and gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in sepsis. On the one hand, sepsis leads to the destruction of gut microbiota and induces and aggravates terminal organ dysfunction. On the other hand, the activation of pathogenic gut flora and the reduction in beneficial microbial products increase the susceptibility of the host to sepsis. Although probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation preserve gut barrier function on multiple levels, their efficacy in sepsis with intestinal microbiota disruptions remains uncertain. Postbiotics consist of inactivated microbial cells or cell components. They possess antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Microbiota-targeted therapy strategies, such as postbiotics, may reduce the incidence of sepsis and improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis by regulating gut microbial metabolites, improving intestinal barrier integrity and changing the composition of the gut microbiota. They offer a variety of mechanisms and might even be superior to more conventional 'biotics' such as probiotics and prebiotics. In this review, we present an overview of the concept of postbiotics and summarize what is currently known about postbiotics and their prospective utility in sepsis therapy. Overall, postbiotics show promise as a viable adjunctive therapy option for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Lou
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jinfang Xue
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruifei Shao
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chunyan Mo
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fuping Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650034, China
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Arrigoni R, Ballini A, Topi S, Bottalico L, Jirillo E, Santacroce L. Antibiotic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Potential Use of Natural and Biological Products as Alternative Anti-Mycobacterial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101431. [PMID: 36290089 PMCID: PMC9598247 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TB treatment is based on the administration of three major antibiotics: isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. However, multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mtb strains are increasing around the world, thus, allowing TB to spread around the world. The stringent response is demonstrated by Mtb strains in order to survive under hostile circumstances, even including exposure to antibiotics. The stringent response is mediated by alarmones, which regulate bacterial replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, the Mtb cell wall contributes to the mechanism of antibiotic resistance along with efflux pump activation and biofilm formation. Immunity over the course of TB is managed by M1-macrophages and M2-macrophages, which regulate the immune response against Mtb infection, with the former exerting inflammatory reactions and the latter promoting an anti-inflammatory profile. T helper 1 cells via secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma, play a protective role in the course of TB, while T regulatory cells secreting interleukin 10, are anti-inflammatory. Alternative therapeutic options against TB require further discussion. In view of the increasing number of MDR Mtb strains, attempts to replace antibiotics with natural and biological products have been object of intensive investigation. Therefore, in this review the anti-Mtb effects exerted by probiotics, polyphenols, antimicrobial peptides and IFN-gamma will be discussed. All the above cited compounds are endowed either with direct antibacterial activity or with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Arrigoni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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6
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Favero C, Giordano L, Mihaila SM, Masereeuw R, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. Postbiotics and Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090623. [PMID: 36136562 PMCID: PMC9501217 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is projected to become the fifth global cause of death by 2040 as a result of key shortcomings in the current methods available to diagnose and treat kidney diseases. In this regard, the novel holobiont concept, used to describe an individual host and its microbial community, may pave the way towards a better understanding of kidney disease pathogenesis and progression. Microbiota-modulating or -derived interventions include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics. As of 2019, the concept of postbiotics was updated by the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to refer to preparations of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer a health benefit to the host. By explicitly excluding purified metabolites without a cellular biomass, any literature making use of such term is potentially rendered obsolete. We now review the revised concept of postbiotics concerning their potential clinical applications and research in kidney disease, by discussing in detail several formulations that are undergoing preclinical development such as GABA-salt for diet-induced hypertension and kidney injury, sonicated Lactobacillus paracasei in high fat diet-induced kidney injury, GABA-salt, lacto-GABA-salt and postbiotic-GABA-salt in acute kidney injury, and O. formigenes lysates for hyperoxaluria. Furthermore, we provide a roadmap for postbiotics research in kidney disease to expedite clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Favero
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Giordano
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Maria Mihaila
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) 2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.D.S.-N.)
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) 2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.D.S.-N.)
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Vinderola G, Sanders ME, Salminen S. The Concept of Postbiotics. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081077. [PMID: 35454664 PMCID: PMC9027423 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific community has proposed terms such as non-viable probiotics, paraprobiotics, ghostbiotics, heat-inactivated probiotics or, most commonly, postbiotics, to refer to inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer health benefits. This article addresses the various characteristics of different definitions of ‘postbiotics’ that have emerged over past years. In 2021, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) defined a postbiotic as “a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host”. This definition of postbiotic requires that the whole or components of inactivated microbes be present, with or without metabolic end products. The definition proposed by ISAPP is comprehensive enough to allow the development of postbiotics from different microorganisms, to be applied in different body sites, encouraging innovation in a promising area for any regulatory category and for companion or production animals, and plant or human health. From a technological perspective, probiotic products may contain inanimate microorganisms, which have the potential to impart a health benefit. However, their contribution to health in most cases has not been established, even if at least one probiotic has been shown to confer the same health benefit by live or inanimate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-9-3426-31-1943
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO 80122, USA;
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland;
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Comberiati P, Di Cicco M, Paravati F, Pelosi U, Di Gangi A, Arasi S, Barni S, Caimmi D, Mastrorilli C, Licari A, Chiera F. The Role of Gut and Lung Microbiota in Susceptibility to Tuberculosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212220. [PMID: 34831976 PMCID: PMC8623605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases and infectious causes of death worldwide. Over the last decades, significant research effort has been directed towards defining the understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis to improve diagnosis and therapeutic options. Emerging scientific evidence indicates a possible role of the human microbiota in the pathophysiology of tuberculosis, response to therapy, clinical outcomes, and post-treatment outcomes. Although human studies on the role of the microbiota in tuberculosis are limited, published data in recent years, both from experimental and clinical studies, suggest that a better understanding of the gut-lung microbiome axis and microbiome-immune crosstalk could shed light on the specific pathogenetic mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we address the current knowledge of the host immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, the emerging evidence on how gut and lung microbiota can modulate susceptibility to tuberculosis, the available studies on the possible use of probiotic-antibiotic combination therapy for the treatment of tuberculosis, and the knowledge gaps and future research priorities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.D.G.)
- Allergology and Pulmonology Section, Pediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.D.G.)
- Allergology and Pulmonology Section, Pediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Paravati
- Department of Pediatrics, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy; (F.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Umberto Pelosi
- Pediatric Unit, Santa Barbara Hospital, 09016 Iglesias, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Di Gangi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.D.G.)
- Allergology and Pulmonology Section, Pediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Area of Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simona Barni
- Allergic Unit, Department of Pediatric, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Davide Caimmi
- Allergy Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- IDESP, UMR A11, Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Carla Mastrorilli
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Consortium Corporation Polyclinic of Bari, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Pediatrics Department, Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Fernanda Chiera
- Department of Pediatrics, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy; (F.P.); (F.C.)
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an infectious disease of global significance and a
leading cause of death in low- and middle-income countries. Significant effort
has been directed towards understanding Mycobacterium
tuberculosis genomics, virulence, and pathophysiology within the
framework of Koch postulates. More recently, the advent of “-omics” approaches
has broadened our appreciation of how “commensal” microbes have coevolved with
their host and have a central role in shaping health and susceptibility to
disease. It is now clear that there is a diverse repertoire of interactions
between the microbiota and host immune responses that can either sustain or
disrupt homeostasis. In the context of the global efforts to combatting TB, such
findings and knowledge have raised important questions: Does microbiome
composition indicate or determine susceptibility or resistance to
M. tuberculosis infection? Is the
development of active disease or latent infection upon M.
tuberculosis exposure influenced by the microbiome? Does
microbiome composition influence TB therapy outcome and risk of reinfection with
M. tuberculosis? Can the microbiome be
actively managed to reduce risk of M.
tuberculosis infection or recurrence of TB? Here, we
explore these questions with a particular focus on microbiome-immune
interactions that may affect TB susceptibility, manifestation and progression,
the long-term implications of anti-TB therapy, as well as the potential of the
host microbiome as target for clinical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EMM, Sanders ME, Shamir R, Swann JR, Szajewska H, Vinderola G. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:649-667. [PMID: 33948025 PMCID: PMC8387231 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 207.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) convened a panel of experts specializing in nutrition, microbial physiology, gastroenterology, paediatrics, food science and microbiology to review the definition and scope of postbiotics. The term 'postbiotics' is increasingly found in the scientific literature and on commercial products, yet is inconsistently used and lacks a clear definition. The purpose of this panel was to consider the scientific, commercial and regulatory parameters encompassing this emerging term, propose a useful definition and thereby establish a foundation for future developments. The panel defined a postbiotic as a "preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host". Effective postbiotics must contain inactivated microbial cells or cell components, with or without metabolites, that contribute to observed health benefits. The panel also discussed existing evidence of health-promoting effects of postbiotics, potential mechanisms of action, levels of evidence required to meet the stated definition, safety and implications for stakeholders. The panel determined that a definition of postbiotics is useful so that scientists, clinical triallists, industry, regulators and consumers have common ground for future activity in this area. A generally accepted definition will hopefully lead to regulatory clarity and promote innovation and the development of new postbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo Salminen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- grid.419051.80000 0001 1945 7738Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Akihito Endo
- grid.410772.70000 0001 0807 3368Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Colin Hill
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eamonn M. M. Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO USA
| | - Raanan Shamir
- grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hania Szajewska
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- grid.10798.370000 0001 2172 9456Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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11
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Chin KL, Sarmiento ME, Alvarez-Cabrera N, Norazmi MN, Acosta A. Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: current state and future management. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:799-826. [PMID: 31853742 PMCID: PMC7222044 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a trend of increasing incidence in pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (PNTM) together with a decrease in tuberculosis (TB) incidence, particularly in developed countries. The prevalence of PNTM in underdeveloped and developing countries remains unclear as there is still a lack of detection methods that could clearly diagnose PNTM applicable in these low-resource settings. Since non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental pathogens, the vicinity favouring host-pathogen interactions is known as important predisposing factor for PNTM. The ongoing changes in world population, as well as socio-political and economic factors, are linked to the rise in the incidence of PNTM. Development is an important factor for the improvement of population well-being, but it has also been linked, in general, to detrimental environmental consequences, including the rise of emergent (usually neglected) infectious diseases, such as PNTM. The rise of neglected PNTM infections requires the expansion of the current efforts on the development of diagnostics, therapies and vaccines for mycobacterial diseases, which at present, are mainly focused on TB. This review discuss the current situation of PNTM and its predisposing factors, as well as the efforts and challenges for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Chin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Maria E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nadine Alvarez-Cabrera
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Turck D, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Kearney J, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Cubadda F, Engel KH, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser-Berthold M, Poulsen M, Sanz Y, Schlatter JR, van Loveren H, Sun Q, Gelbmann W, Knutsen HK. Safety of heat-killed Mycobacterium setense manresensis as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05824. [PMID: 32626149 PMCID: PMC7008859 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on heat‐killed Mycobacterium setense manresensis as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is an encapsulated ingredient composed of 200 mg mannitol and ≤ 105 heat‐killed, freeze‐dried M. setense manresensis. The information provided on the efficacy of the heat inactivation process demonstrates that the applied thermal process effectively kills all M. setense manresensis. The Panel considers that the NF is sufficiently described and characterised. The NF is intended by the applicant to be marketed exclusively in food supplements (gelatine capsules) for the general adult population excluding, children, pregnant and lactating women. The NF is not intended to be an alternative to standard treatment against tuberculosis. The applicant proposed an intake of one capsule (with ≤ 105 heat‐killed, freeze‐dried M. setense manresensis) for 14 consecutive days and a minimum of 6 months with no consumption of the NF, before another intake for fourteen days may follow. M. setense is not considered to be a suitable microorganism species for the qualified presumption of safety (QPS). Genetic analyses of the genome indicate the absence of the ability to produce exotoxins. The Panel considers that consumption of heat‐killed M. setense manresensis would not contribute to the pool of transmissible antimicrobial resistance genes already present in the intestinal microbiota. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use.
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Álvarez-Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover-Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Cocconcelli PS, Fernández Escámez PS, Maradona MP, Querol A, Suarez JE, Sundh I, Vlak J, Barizzone F, Correia S, Herman L. Update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 9: suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until September 2018. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05555. [PMID: 32626100 PMCID: PMC7328880 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) procedure was developed to provide a harmonised generic pre-evaluation to support safety risk assessments of biological agents performed by EFSA's Scientific Panels. The taxonomic identity, body of knowledge, safety concerns and antimicrobial resistance were assessed. Safety concerns identified for a taxonomic unit are, where possible and reasonable in number, reflected by 'qualifications' which should be assessed at the strain level by the EFSA's Scientific Panels. During the current assessment, no new information was found that would change the previously recommended QPS taxonomic units and their qualifications. Between April and September 2018, the QPS notification list was updated with 48 microorganisms from applications for market authorisation. Of these, 30 biological agents already had QPS status, 15 were excluded from the QPS exercise by the previous QPS mandate (five filamentous fungi) or from further evaluations within the current mandate (two notifications of Enterococcus faecium, one of Streptomyces spp. and seven of Escherichia coli). One taxonomic unit was (re)evaluated: Pseudomonas fluorescens had been previously evaluated in 2016, and was now re-evaluated within this mandate. The revision of the literature supports the previously identified safety concerns (e.g. production of biocompounds with antimicrobial activity and virulence features), preventing the inclusion of P. fluorescens in the QPS list. Mycobacterium setense and Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans were evaluated for the first time. M. setense cannot be considered for the QPS assessment because there are significant safety concerns. K. sucrofermentans (Acetobacter xylinus subsp. sucrofermentans) can be proposed for the QPS list but only for production purposes. The QPS status of Corynebacterium glutamicum is confirmed with the qualification extended to other production purposes.
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Atmakuri K, Penn-Nicholson A, Tanner R, Dockrell HM. Meeting report: 5th Global Forum on TB Vaccines, 20-23 February 2018, New Delhi India. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:55-64. [PMID: 30514514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The 5th Global Forum on TB Vaccines was held in New Delhi, India from 20 to 23 February 2018. This was the largest Global Forum on TB Vaccines to date with nearly 350 participants from more than 30 countries. The program included over 60 speakers in 12 special, plenary and breakout sessions and 72 posters. This Global Forum brought a great sense of momentum and excitement to the field. New vaccines are in clinical trials, new routes of delivery are being tested, novel assays and biomarker signatures are being developed, and the results from the first prevention of infection clinical trial with the H4:IC31 vaccine candidate and BCG revaccination were presented. Speakers and participants acknowledged the significant challenges that the TB vaccine R&D field continues to face - including limited funding, and the need for novel effective vaccine candidates and tools such as improved diagnostics and biomarkers to accurately predict protective efficacy. New solutions and approaches to address these challenges were discussed. The following report presents highlights from talks presented at this Global Forum. A full program, abstract book and presentations (where publicly available) from the Forum may be found at tbvaccinesforum.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamohan Atmakuri
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Adam Penn-Nicholson
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Wernher and Beit South Building, Health Sciences Faculty, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa.
| | - Rachel Tanner
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Hazel M Dockrell
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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Cardona PJ. What We Have Learned and What We Have Missed in Tuberculosis Pathophysiology for a New Vaccine Design: Searching for the "Pink Swan". Front Immunol 2017; 8:556. [PMID: 28555137 PMCID: PMC5430026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a call to encourage the search for a new vaccine to stop the progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis (TB) disease. TB is a highly discreet and stigmatized disease, with a massive impact on human health. It has killed 1.2 billion people in the last 200 years and still kills 1.5 million people per year. Over the last 20 years, the TB vaccine field has experienced spectacular developments, and we have learned about (1) the importance of the Th1 response in controlling infection, mainly against RD1 and Ag85 antigens; (2) the stability of the antigenic repertoire; (3) the dynamics of M. tuberculosis granulomas; or (4) the link between typical and atypical pulmonary TB and the immune status of the host. However, we still do not (1) know how to avoid M. tuberculosis infection and reinfection; (2) understand the major role of the increase in lesion size in progression from infection to disease; (3) the role of interlobular septa in encapsulating pulmonary lesions; or (4) the role of neutrophilic infiltration and an exaggerated inflammatory response in the development of TB disease. These are strong reasons to pursue new, imaginative proposals involving both the antibody response and a balanced, tolerant immune response that averts progression toward TB. So far, the scientific mindset has been quite monolithic and has mainly focused on the stimulation of conventional T cells. But this approach has failed. For that reason, we are seeking unconventional perspectives to find a “pink swan,” a more efficacious and safer vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere-Joan Cardona
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Crta de Can Ruti s/n, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
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