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Lee ZJ, Xie C, Ng K, Suleria HAR. Unraveling the bioactive interplay: seaweed polysaccharide, polyphenol and their gut modulation effect. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37991467 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2274453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed is rich in many unique bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and sulfated polysaccharides that are not found in terrestrial plant. The discovery of numerous biological activities from seaweed has made seaweed an attractive functional food source with the potential to be exploited for human health benefits. During food processing and digestion, cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols commonly interact, and this may influence the nutritional properties of food. Interactions between cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols in plant-based system has been extensively studied. However, similar interactions in seaweed have received little attention despite the vast disparity between the structural and chemical composition of plant and seaweed cell wall. This poses a challenge in extracting seaweed bioactive compounds with intact biological properties. This review aims to summarize the cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols present in brown, red and green seaweed, and current knowledge on their potential interactions. Moreover, this review gives an overview of the gut modulation effect of seaweed polysaccharide and polyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Jia Lee
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cundong Xie
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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2
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Expósito-Almellón X, Duque-Soto C, López-Salas L, Quirantes-Piné R, de Menezes CR, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sánchez J. Non-Digestible Carbohydrates: Green Extraction from Food By-Products and Assessment of Their Effect on Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3880. [PMID: 37764662 PMCID: PMC10538179 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature and composition of the waste produced by food industrial processing make its abundance and accumulation an environmental problem. Since these by-products may present a high potential for revalorization and may be used to obtain added-value compounds, the main goals of the technological advancements have been targeted at reducing the environmental impact and benefiting from the retrieval of active compounds with technological and health properties. Among the added-value substances, nondigestible carbohydrates have demonstrated promise. In addition to their well-known technological properties, they have been discovered to modify the gut microbiota and enhance immune function, including the stimulation of immune cells and the control of inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, the combination of these compounds with other substances such us phenols could improve their biological effect on different noncommunicable diseases through microbiota modulation. In order to gain insight into the implementation of this combined strategy, a broader focus concerning different aspects is needed. This review is focused on the optimized green and advanced extraction system applied to obtain added-value nondigestible carbohydrates, the combined administration with phenols and their beneficial effects on microbiota modulation intended for health and/or illness prevention, with particular emphasis on noncommunicable diseases. The isolation of nondigestible carbohydrates from by-products as well as in combination with other bioactive substances could provide an affordable and sustainable source of immunomodulatory chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Expósito-Almellón
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain (C.D.-S.); (L.L.-S.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Carmen Duque-Soto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain (C.D.-S.); (L.L.-S.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Lucía López-Salas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain (C.D.-S.); (L.L.-S.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Rosa Quirantes-Piné
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Edificio BioRegión, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain (C.D.-S.); (L.L.-S.); (J.L.-S.)
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Guerrero-Wyss M, Yans C, Boscán-González A, Duran P, Parra-Soto S, Angarita L. Durvillaea antarctica: A Seaweed for Enhancing Immune and Cardiometabolic Health and Gut Microbiota Composition Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10779. [PMID: 37445955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Durvillaea antarctica is the seaweed that is the most consumed by the Chilean population. It is recognized worldwide for its high nutritional value in protein, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. This is a narrative review in which an extensive search of the literature was performed to establish the immunomodulator, cardiometabolic, and gut microbiota composition modulation effect of Durvillaea antarctica. Several studies have shown the potential of Durvillaea antarctica to function as prebiotics and to positively modulate the gut microbiota, which is related to anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic effects. The quantity of Bacteroides was negatively correlated with that of inflammatory monocytes and positively correlated with the levels of several gut metabolites. Seaweed-derived polysaccharides modulate the quantity and diversity of beneficial intestinal microbiota, decreasing phenol and p-cresol, which are related to intestinal diseases and the loss of intestinal function. Additionally, a beneficial metabolic effect related to this seaweed was observed, mainly promoting the decrease in the glycemic levels, lower cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk. Consuming Durvillaea antarctica has a positive impact on the immune system, and its bioactive compounds provide beneficial effects on glycemic control and other metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Guerrero-Wyss
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Caroline Yans
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Arturo Boscán-González
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Pablo Duran
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino-Metabólicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Lissé Angarita
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción 4260000, Chile
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Cheng F, Fan Z, Lin C, Zhu Y, He H, Dai N, Du L. Effect of altered gut microbiota on visceral hypersensitivity of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome mice. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:1220-1230. [PMID: 36165068 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder characterized with visceral hypersensitivity. Previous studies indicated gut microbiota alteration associated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) dysregulation is associated with IBS development. The aim of the study is to explore the potential role of microbiota dysbiosis mediated visceral hypersensitivity in postinfectious-IBS (PI-IBS) mouse model. METHODS Four-week-old NIH mice were randomly allocated into four groups: control mice, PI-IBS mice, PI-IBS mice co-housing with normal mice, and PI-IBS mice were administrated with a cocktail of antibiotics. Trichinella spiralis infection established PI-IBS mouse model. Microbiota in cecal contents and feces were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. SCFAs were detected by gas chromatography. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was evaluated by ELISA, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) were examined by western blot. Visceral sensitivity was determined by abdominal withdrawal reflex in response to colorectal distention. RESULTS Increased SCFAs were observed in cecal contents and feces in PI-IBS mice accompanied with higher 5-HT and NMDAR subunits expressions in ileum and colon. Visceral hypersensitivity was observed in PI-IBS mice compared to control mice. When administrated with antibiotics cocktails and co-housing with normal mice, PI-IBS mice showed decreased SCFAs, 5-HT, NMDAR subunits expressions, and improved visceral hypersensitivity. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota alteration induced increased SCFAs, 5-HT and NMDAR subunits expressions were associated with visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS mice. The critical role of gut microbiota in improving visceral hypersensitivity was further identified by treatment of antibiotics cocktail and co-housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Ramakrishnan R, Singh AK, Singh S, Chakravortty D, Das D. Enzymatic Dispersion of Biofilms: An Emerging Biocatalytic Avenue to Combat Biofilm-Mediated Microbial Infections. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102352. [PMID: 35940306 PMCID: PMC9478923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance by pathogenic microbes has emerged as a matter of great concern to mankind. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi employ multiple defense mechanisms against drugs and the host immune system. A major line of microbial defense is the biofilm, which comprises extracellular polymeric substances that are produced by the population of microorganisms. Around 80% of chronic bacterial infections are associated with biofilms. The presence of biofilms can increase the necessity of doses of certain antibiotics up to 1000-fold to combat infection. Thus, there is an urgent need for strategies to eradicate biofilms. Although a few physicochemical methods have been developed to prevent and treat biofilms, these methods have poor efficacy and biocompatibility. In this review, we discuss the existing strategies to combat biofilms and their challenges. Subsequently, we spotlight the potential of enzymes, in particular, polysaccharide degrading enzymes, for biofilm dispersion, which might lead to facile antimicrobial treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Simran Singh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Debasis Das
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Horigome A, Hashikura N, Yoshida K, Xiao JZ, Odamaki T. 2'-Fucosyllactose Increases the Abundance of Blautia in the Presence of Extracellular Fucosidase-Possessing Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:913624. [PMID: 35722280 PMCID: PMC9201481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.913624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blautia is a genus of anaerobic bacteria that is widely distributed in the mammalian gut. Recently, an increasing body of research has demonstrated a link between this genus and human health, suggesting applications as a novel probiotic strain. Moreover, we have previously shown that 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a major component of human milk oligosaccharides, increases the relative abundance of Blautia sp., particularly Blautia wexlerae, in the cultured fecal microbiota of healthy adults using a pH-controlled single-batch fermenter. However, the effects of 2'-FL on Blautia proliferation vary among individuals. In this study, we assessed the impact of the intrinsic gut microbiota on the prebiotic effects of 2'-FL. Metagenomic analysis of feces collected from all donors showed that the homolog of the intracellular GH95 α-l-fucosidase gene was considerably enriched in two non-responders (individuals who showed no increase in Blautia proliferation), whereas the homologous genes encoding extracellular α-l-fucosidase were more abundant in responders, suggesting that lactose and fucose released into the environment could be substrates mediating the growth of Blautia. In vitro assays confirmed the ability of B. wexlerae to utilize the two carbohydrates but not 2'-FL. We also observed that B. wexlerae utilized fucose released from 2'-FL by Bifidobacterium bifidum, which possessed extracellular GH95 α-l-fucosidase, in co-cultures of these two organisms. Finally, increasing the proportion of extracellular GH95 by the addition of a B. bifidum strain led to Blautia proliferation by 2'-FL in fecal cultures of the two non-responders. These findings provided valuable perspectives on individualized nutritional approaches to properly control the gut microbiota. Future clinical trials are needed to obtain further insights into the characteristics of responders vs. non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Horigome
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nanami Hashikura
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
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Tian B, Geng Y, Xu T, Zou X, Mao R, Pi X, Wu W, Huang L, Yang K, Zeng X, Sun P. Digestive Characteristics of Hericium erinaceus Polysaccharides and Their Positive Effects on Fecal Microbiota of Male and Female Volunteers During in vitro Fermentation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:858585. [PMID: 35433782 PMCID: PMC9008368 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.858585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEPs) have attracted widespread attention in regulating gut microbiota (GM). To investigate digestibility and fermentation of HEPs and their effects on GM composition, three polysaccharide fractions, namely, HEP-30, HEP-50, and HEP-70, were fractionally precipitated with 30%, 50%, and 70% ethanol concentrations (v/v) from hot water-soluble extracts of Hericium erinaceus, respectively. Three kinds of prepared HEPs were structurally characterized and simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and their effects on human fecal microbiota fermentations of male and female and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in vitro were clarified. Under digestive conditions simulating saliva, stomach, and small intestine, HEPs were not significantly influenced and safely reached the distal intestine. After 24 h of in vitro fermentation, the content of SCFAs was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05), and the retention rates of total and reducing sugars and pH value were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Thus, HEPs could be utilized by GM, especially HEP-50, and enhanced the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, e.g., Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Butyricicoccus, and Lactobacillus. Furthermore, HEPs reduced the relative abundances of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, e.g., Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. This study suggests that gradual ethanol precipitation is available for the preparation of polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus, and the extracted polysaccharide could be developed as functional foods with great development value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Geng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianrui Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianguo Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongliang Mao
- Changshan Haofeng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangshui Huang
- Research Institute of Changshan Tianle Edible Fungus, Quzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Yang Z, Wang H, Liu N, Zhao K, Sheng Y, Pang H, Shao K, Zhang M, Li S, He N. Algal polysaccharides and derivatives as potential therapeutics for obesity and related metabolic diseases. Food Funct 2022; 13:11387-11409. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential and challenges of algal polysaccharides and their derivatives as potential therapeutic agents for obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nian Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kunyi Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Sheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Pang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaidi Shao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Zhang P, Jia J, Jiang P, Zheng W, Li X, Song S, Ai C. Polysaccharides from edible brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida are effective against high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice through the modulation of intestinal microecology. Food Funct 2022; 13:2581-2593. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04012j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Brown seaweed is rich in polysaccharides, including sulfated polysaccharides and alginate, both of which provide health benefit to the host, but their difference has not been given sufficient attention. In...
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Baldewijns S, Sillen M, Palmans I, Vandecruys P, Van Dijck P, Demuyser L. The Role of Fatty Acid Metabolites in Vaginal Health and Disease: Application to Candidiasis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705779. [PMID: 34276639 PMCID: PMC8282898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the vast majority of women encounters at least one vaginal infection during their life, the amount of microbiome-related research performed in this area lags behind compared to alternative niches such as the intestinal tract. As a result, effective means of diagnosis and treatment, especially of recurrent infections, are limited. The role of the metabolome in vaginal health is largely elusive. It has been shown that lactate produced by the numerous lactobacilli present promotes health by limiting the chance of infection. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) have been mainly linked to dysbiosis, although the causality of this relationship is still under debate. In this review, we aim to bring together information on the role of the vaginal metabolome and microbiome in infections caused by Candida. Vulvovaginal candidiasis affects near to 70% of all women at least once in their life with a significant proportion of women suffering from the recurrent variant. We assess the role of fatty acid metabolites, mainly SCFA and lactate, in onset of infection and virulence of the fungal pathogen. In addition, we pinpoint where lack of research limits our understanding of the molecular processes involved and restricts the possibility of developing novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Baldewijns
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mart Sillen
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Palmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Vandecruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Demuyser
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Shannon E, Conlon M, Hayes M. Seaweed Components as Potential Modulators of the Gut Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:358. [PMID: 34201794 PMCID: PMC8303941 DOI: 10.3390/md19070358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae, or seaweeds, are a rich source of components which may exert beneficial effects on the mammalian gut microbiota through the enhancement of bacterial diversity and abundance. An imbalance of gut bacteria has been linked to the development of disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, immunodeficiency, hypertension, type-2-diabetes, obesity, and cancer. This review outlines current knowledge from in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the potential therapeutic application of seaweed-derived polysaccharides, polyphenols and peptides to modulate the gut microbiota through diet. Polysaccharides such as fucoidan, laminarin, alginate, ulvan and porphyran are unique to seaweeds. Several studies have shown their potential to act as prebiotics and to positively modulate the gut microbiota. Prebiotics enhance bacterial populations and often their production of short chain fatty acids, which are the energy source for gastrointestinal epithelial cells, provide protection against pathogens, influence immunomodulation, and induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells. The oral bioaccessibility and bioavailability of seaweed components is also discussed, including the advantages and limitations of static and dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal models versus ex vivo and in vivo methods. Seaweed bioactives show potential for use in prevention and, in some instances, treatment of human disease. However, it is also necessary to confirm these potential, therapeutic effects in large-scale clinical trials. Where possible, we have cited information concerning these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shannon
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Michael Conlon
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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12
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Potential benefits of high-added-value compounds from aquaculture and fish side streams on human gut microbiota. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Fu T, Pan L, Shang Q, Yu G. Fermentation of alginate and its derivatives by different enterotypes of human gut microbiota: Towards personalized nutrition using enterotype-specific dietary fibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1649-1659. [PMID: 34048831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alginate and its derivatives are widely used as food additives and dietary fibers. Previous studies indicated that alginate, polyguluronate (PG) and polymannuronate acid (PM) could be fermented by human gut microbiota. However, how different compositions of the microbiota may affect the fermentation outcomes of these polysaccharides remains unknown. Here we show that Bacteroides-dominated microbiota (Bacteroides enterotype) is more proficient at degrading and utilizing PG and PM as compared to Prevotella-dominated (Prevotella enterotype) and Escherichia-dominated microbiota (Escherichia enterotype). Enterotype dictates the fermentation outcomes of the three fibers and the amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that are produced. Fermentation of alginate and PM by Bacteroides-dominated microbiota produced the highest amount of total SCFAs and butyrate. Our study demonstrates an enterotype-specific effect of microbiota on the fermentation of alginate and its derivatives and highlights that personalized nutrition using dietary fibers should be tailored according to individual's composition of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingsen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Murakami R, Hashikura N, Yoshida K, Xiao JZ, Odamaki T. Growth-promoting effect of alginate on Faecalibacterium prausnitzii through cross-feeding with Bacteroides. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110326. [PMID: 34053530 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a commensal gut bacterium that is thought to provide protection against inflammatory diseases. However, this bacterium is extremely oxygen sensitive, which limits its industrial application as a probiotic. The use of prebiotics to increase the abundance of this bacterium in the gut is an alternative strategy to achieve its possible health-promoting effect. We evaluated nine substances as candidate prebiotics for F. prausnitzii using a pH-controlled single-batch fermenter as a human gut microbiota model. Of them, alginate markedly increased the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii, as determined by the significant increase in the number of 16S rRNA sequences corresponding to this bacterial taxon in the fecal fermentation samples detected by real-time PCR. However, F. prausnitzii strains were incapable of utilizing alginate in monoculture, implying that an interaction with another gut microbe was required. There was a positive correlation between the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii and that of Bacteroides when cultured in medium containing alginate as the sole carbon source, indicative of cross-feeding between these bacteria. Interestingly, the ratio of acetic acid, a known substrate for F. prausnitzii, produced by Bacteroides was significantly higher in the alginate-containing medium than in media containing other prebiotic candidates. Bacterially degraded alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) remained in the medium after Bacteroides monoculture, and an isolate of F. prausnitzii was able to utilize a portion of them. Genomic sequencing revealed that the strain that consumed the AOS contained an ATP-binding cassette transporter, an alginate lyase, and AlgQ1/2 homologs encoding solute-binding proteins. Furthermore, in real-time PCR analyses, AlgQ1/2 homologs were detected in fecal samples collected from 309 of 452 (68.4%) Japanese subjects. Thus, the products of alginate assimilation by Bacteroides may promote the growth of F. prausnitzii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Murakami
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Nanami Hashikura
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
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Gotteland M, Riveros K, Gasaly N, Carcamo C, Magne F, Liabeuf G, Beattie A, Rosenfeld S. The Pros and Cons of Using Algal Polysaccharides as Prebiotics. Front Nutr 2020; 7:163. [PMID: 33072794 PMCID: PMC7536576 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae stand out for their high content of dietary fiber (30–75%) that include soluble, sulfated (fucoidan, agaran, carrageenan, and ulvan) and non-sulfated (laminaran and alginate) polysaccharides. Many studies indicate that these compounds exert varied biological activities and health-promoting effects and for this reason, there is a growing interest for using them in food products. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate prebiotic properties of algal polysaccharides, i.e., their ability to exert biological activities by modulating the composition and/or diversity of gut microbiota (GM). Pre-clinical studies show that the non-sulfated alginate and laminaran are well-fermented by GM, promoting the formation of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate, and preventing that of harmful putrefactive compounds (NH3, phenol, p-cresol, indole and H2S). Alginate increases Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus species while laminaran mostly stimulates Bacteroides sp. Results with sulfated polysaccharides are more questionable. Agarans are poorly fermentable but agarose-oligosaccharides exhibit an interesting prebiotic potential, increasing butyrate-producing bacteria and SCFAs. Though carrageenan-oligosaccharides are also fermented, their use is currently limited due to safety concerns. Regarding fucoidan, only one study reports SCFAs production, suggesting that it is poorly fermented. Its effect on GM does not indicate a clear pattern, making difficult to conclude whether it is beneficial or not. Notably, fucoidan impact on H2S production has not been evaluated, though some studies report it increases sulfate-reducing bacteria. Ulvan is badly fermented by GM and some studies show that part of its sulfate is dissimilated to H2S, which could affect colonic mitochondrial function. Accordingly, these results support the use of laminaran, alginate and agaro-oligosaccharides as prebiotics while more studies are necessary regarding that of fucoidan, carrageenan and ulvan. However, the realization of clinical trials is necessary to confirm such prebiotic properties in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Riveros
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naschla Gasaly
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Carcamo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabien Magne
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gianella Liabeuf
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Beattie
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Centro de Investigación para la Conservación de Ecosistemas Australes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Dharani SR, Srinivasan R, Sarath R, Ramya M. Recent progress on engineering microbial alginate lyases towards their versatile role in biotechnological applications. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:937-954. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Effect of chitooligosaccharides on human gut microbiota and antiglycation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 242:116413. [PMID: 32564858 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) have garnered great attention in the field of human healthcare. The prebiotic activities and antiglycation of COS were investigated using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies. COS supplementation dramatically increased the levels of acetic acid, while reducing the concentrations of propionic and butyric acids. It also decreased the total bacterial population; however, it did not affect diversity and richness of the gut microbiota. In addition, COS modulated the gut microbiota composition by increasing Bacteroidetes, decreasing Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and lowering the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. COS promoted the generation of beneficial Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium genera, while suppressing the pathogenic Klebsiella genus. The antiglycation activity of COS and acetic acid was dose-dependent. Furthermore, COS prevented the decrease of serum Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) level caused by CML ingestion in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. To improve host health, COS could be potential prebiotics in food products.
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18
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Li B, Chen H, Cao L, Hu Y, Chen D, Yin Y. Effects of an Escherichia coli exopolysaccharide on human and mouse gut microbiota in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:991-999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Strain CR, Collins KC, Naughton V, McSorley EM, Stanton C, Smyth TJ, Soler-Vila A, Rea MC, Ross PR, Cherry P, Allsopp PJ. Effects of a polysaccharide-rich extract derived from Irish-sourced Laminaria digitata on the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota using an in vitro colonic model. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:309-325. [PMID: 30805695 PMCID: PMC7000515 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown seaweeds are known to be a rich source of fiber with the presence of several non-digestible polysaccharides including laminarin, fucoidan and alginate. These individual polysaccharides have previously been shown to favorably alter the gut microbiota composition and activity albeit the effect of the collective brown seaweed fiber component on the microbiota remains to be determined. METHODS This study investigated the effect of a crude polysaccharide-rich extract obtained from Laminaria digitata (CE) and a depolymerized CE extract (DE) on the gut microbiota composition and metabolism using an in vitro fecal batch culture model though metagenomic compositional analysis using 16S rRNA FLX amplicon pyrosequencing and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis using GC-FID. RESULTS Selective culture analysis showed no significant changes in cultured lactobacilli or bifidobacteria between the CE or DE and the cellulose-negative control at any time point measured (0, 5, 10, 24, 36, 48 h). Following metagenomic analysis, the CE and DE significantly altered the relative abundance of several families including Lachnospiraceae and genera including Streptococcus, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides of human fecal bacterial populations in comparison to cellulose after 24 h. The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total SCFA were significantly higher for both the CE and DE compared to cellulose after 10, 24, 36 and 48 h fermentation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the acetate:propionate ratio was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) for both CD and DE following 24, 36 and 48 h fermentation. CONCLUSION The microbiota-associated metabolic and compositional changes noted provide initial indication of putative beneficial health benefits of L. digitata in vitro; however, research is needed to clarify if L. digitata-derived fiber can favorably alter the gut microbiota and confer health benefits in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conall R Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Violetta Naughton
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Smyth
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Anna Soler-Vila
- Irish Seaweed Research Group, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary C Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Paul R Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
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20
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Charoensiddhi S, Abraham RE, Su P, Zhang W. Seaweed and seaweed-derived metabolites as prebiotics. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 91:97-156. [PMID: 32035602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds and their bioactive compounds, particularly polysaccharides and phenolics can be regarded as great dietary supplements with gut health benefits and prebiotics. These components are resistant to digestion by enzymes present in the human gastrointestinal tract, also selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and the production of fermentation products such as short chain fatty acids. Commonly, the health benefits of seaweed components are assessed by including them in an in vitro anaerobic fermentation system containing human fecal inocula that mimics the environment of the human large bowel. Regarding to the complex interactions between dietary components, gastrointestinal physiological processes, and gut microbiota are difficult to model in vitro. Consequently it is important to follow up the promising in vitro results with in vivo animal or human testing. The aim of this chapter is to have a comprehensive review on the application of seaweeds and seaweed-derived metabolites as prebiotics, and understand the trends, gaps and future directions of both scientific and industrial developments. This work contributes to develop and expand new platform of seaweed utilization for higher-value products, particularly to functional food and nutraceutical industries in order to serve the social demand for health awareness and support economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvimol Charoensiddhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Reinu E Abraham
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peng Su
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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21
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Stender EGP, Dybdahl Andersen C, Fredslund F, Holck J, Solberg A, Teze D, Peters GHJ, Christensen BE, Aachmann FL, Welner DH, Svensson B. Structural and functional aspects of mannuronic acid-specific PL6 alginate lyase from the human gut microbe Bacteroides cellulosilyticus. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17915-17930. [PMID: 31530640 PMCID: PMC6879350 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a linear polysaccharide from brown algae consisting of 1,4-linked β-d-mannuronic acid (M) and α-l-guluronic acid (G) arranged in M, G, and mixed MG blocks. Alginate was assumed to be indigestible in humans, but bacteria isolated from fecal samples can utilize alginate. Moreover, genomes of some human gut microbiome-associated bacteria encode putative alginate-degrading enzymes. Here, we genome-mined a polysaccharide lyase family 6 alginate lyase from the gut bacterium Bacteroides cellulosilyticus (BcelPL6). The structure of recombinant BcelPL6 was solved by X-ray crystallography to 1.3 Å resolution, revealing a single-domain, monomeric parallel β-helix containing a 10-step asparagine ladder characteristic of alginate-converting parallel β-helix enzymes. Substitutions of the conserved catalytic site residues Lys-249, Arg-270, and His-271 resulted in activity loss. However, imidazole restored the activity of BcelPL6-H271N to 2.5% that of the native enzyme. Molecular docking oriented tetra-mannuronic acid for syn attack correlated with M specificity. Using biochemical analyses, we found that BcelPL6 initially releases unsaturated oligosaccharides of a degree of polymerization of 2-7 from alginate and polyM, which were further degraded to di- and trisaccharides. Unlike other PL6 members, BcelPL6 had low activity on polyMG and none on polyG. Surprisingly, polyG increased BcelPL6 activity on alginate 7-fold. LC-electrospray ionization-MS quantification of products and lack of activity on NaBH4-reduced octa-mannuronic acid indicated that BcelPL6 is an endolyase that further degrades the oligosaccharide products with an intact reducing end. We anticipate that our results advance predictions of the specificity and mode of action of PL6 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil G P Stender
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Dybdahl Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Folmer Fredslund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amalie Solberg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Teze
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Günther H J Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjørn E Christensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ditte H Welner
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Cherry P, Yadav S, Strain CR, Allsopp PJ, McSorley EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. Prebiotics from Seaweeds: An Ocean of Opportunity? Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E327. [PMID: 31159359 PMCID: PMC6627129 DOI: 10.3390/md17060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are an underexploited and potentially sustainable crop which offer a rich source of bioactive compounds, including novel complex polysaccharides, polyphenols, fatty acids, and carotenoids. The purported efficacies of these phytochemicals have led to potential functional food and nutraceutical applications which aim to protect against cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and some cancers. Concurrent understanding that perturbations of gut microbial composition and metabolic function manifest throughout health and disease has led to dietary strategies, such as prebiotics, which exploit the diet-host-microbe paradigm to modulate the gut microbiota, such that host health is maintained or improved. The prebiotic definition was recently updated to "a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit", which, given that previous discussion regarding seaweed prebiotics has focused upon saccharolytic fermentation, an opportunity is presented to explore how non-complex polysaccharide components from seaweeds may be metabolised by host microbial populations to benefit host health. Thus, this review provides an innovative approach to consider how the gut microbiota may utilise seaweed phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, and provides an updated discussion regarding the catabolism of seaweed-derived complex polysaccharides with potential prebiotic activity. Additional in vitro screening studies and in vivo animal studies are needed to identify potential prebiotics from seaweeds, alongside untargeted metabolomics to decipher microbial-derived metabolites from seaweeds. Furthermore, controlled human intervention studies with health-related end points to elucidate prebiotic efficacy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Supriya Yadav
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - Conall R Strain
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
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Abstract
Recent interest in seaweeds as a source of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive components has highlighted prospective applications within the functional food and nutraceutical industries, with impetus toward the alleviation of risk factors associated with noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This narrative review summarizes the nutritional composition of edible seaweeds; evaluates the evidence regarding the health benefits of whole seaweeds, extracted bioactive components, and seaweed-based food products in humans; and assesses the potential adverse effects of edible seaweeds, including those related to ingestion of excess iodine and arsenic. If the potential functional food and nutraceutical applications of seaweeds are to be realized, more evidence from human intervention studies is needed to evaluate the nutritional benefits of seaweeds and the efficacy of their purported bioactive components. Mechanistic evidence, in particular, is imperative to substantiate health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pamela J Magee
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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Wang X, Wang X, Jiang H, Cai C, Li G, Hao J, Yu G. Marine polysaccharides attenuate metabolic syndrome by fermentation products and altering gut microbiota: An overview. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:601-612. [PMID: 29805017 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine polysaccharides (MPs), including plant, animal, and microbial-derived polysaccharides, can alleviate metabolic syndrome (MetS) by different regulation mechanisms. MPs and their derivatives can attenuate MetS by vary cellular signal pathways, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α. Also, most of MPs cannot be degraded by human innate enzymes, but they can be degraded and fermented by human gut microbiota. The final metabolic products of these polysaccharides are usually short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can change the gut microbiota ecology by altering the existing percentage of special microorganisms. In addition, the SCFAs and changed gut microbiota can regulate enteroendocrine hormone secretion, blood glucose, lipid metabolism levels, and other MetS symptoms. Here, we summarize the up-to-date findings on the effects of MPs, particularly marine microbial-derived polysaccharides, and their metabolites on attenuating MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Obstetrics Department (Work Number 002312), Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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25
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Oliviero T, Lamers S, Capuano E, Dekker M, Verkerk R. Bioavailability of Isothiocyanates From Broccoli Sprouts in Protein, Lipid, and Fiber Gels. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018. [PMID: 29532635 PMCID: PMC6174964 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Optimization of bioavailability of dietary bioactive health-beneficial compounds is as important as increasing their concentration in foods. The aim of this study is to explore the change in bioavailability of isothiocyanates (ITCs) in broccoli sprouts incorporated in protein, fiber, and lipid gels. METHODS AND RESULTS Five participants took part in a cross-over study and collected timed urine samples up to 24 h after consumption of proteins, dietary fibers, and lipid gels containing broccoli sprouts powder. Sulforaphane and iberin metabolites were determined in the urine samples. Samples in which sulforaphane and iberin were preformed by myrosinase led to a higher bioavailability of those compounds. Compared to the control broccoli sprout, incorporation of sprouts in gels led to lower bioavailability for preformed sulforaphane and iberin (although for sulforaphane the lower bioavailability was not significantly different) whereas for the gels rich in their precursors, glucoraphanin and glucoiberin, the opposite trend was observed (although not significantly different). CONCLUSION This explorative study suggests that ITCs bioavailability can be modulated by food structure and composition and further and deeper investigations are needed to develop food products that lead to an optimized ITCs bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Oliviero
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Lamers
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edoardo Capuano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Dekker
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Verkerk
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Chen BR, Du LJ, He HQ, Kim JJ, Zhao Y, Zhang YW, Luo L, Dai N. Fructo-oligosaccharide intensifies visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal inflammation in a stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome mouse model. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8321-8333. [PMID: 29307992 PMCID: PMC5743503 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i47.8321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) affects visceral sensitivity, inflammation, and production of intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) mouse model.
METHODS Mice were randomly assigned to daily oral gavage of saline solution with or without FOS (8 g/kg body weight) for 14 d. Mice were further assigned to receive either daily one-hour water avoidance stress (WAS) or sham-WAS for the first 10 d. After 2 wk, visceral sensitivity was measured by abdominal withdrawal reflex in response to colorectal distension and mucosal inflammation was evaluated. Gas chromatography, real-time reverse transcription PCR, and immunohistochemistry assays were used to quantify cecal concentrations of SCFA, intestinal cytokine expression, and number of intestinal mast cells per high-power field (HPF), respectively.
RESULTS Mice subjected to WAS exhibited visceral hypersensitivity and low-grade inflammation. Among mice subjected to WAS, FOS increased visceral hypersensitivity and led to higher cecal concentrations of acetic acid (2.49 ± 0.63 mmol/L vs 1.49 ± 0.72 mmol/L, P < 0.05), propionic acid (0.48 ± 0.09 mmol/L vs 0.36 ± 0.05 mmol/L, P < 0.01), butyric acid (0.28 ± 0.09 mmol/L vs 0.19 ± 0.003 mmol/L, P < 0.05), as well as total SCFA (3.62 ± 0.87 mmol/L vs 2.27 ± 0.75 mmol/L, P < 0.01) compared to saline administration. FOS also increased ileal interleukin (IL)-23 mRNA (4.71 ± 4.16 vs 1.00 ± 0.99, P < 0.05) and colonic IL-1β mRNA (2.15 ± 1.68 vs 0.88 ± 0.53, P < 0.05) expressions as well as increased mean mast cell counts in the ileum (12.3 ± 2.6 per HPF vs 8.3 ± 3.6 per HPF, P < 0.05) and colon (6.3 ± 3.2 per HPF vs 3.4 ± 1.2 per HPF, P < 0.05) compared to saline administration in mice subjected to WAS. No difference in visceral sensitivity, intestinal inflammation, or cecal SCFA levels was detected with or without FOS administration in mice subjected to sham-WAS.
CONCLUSION FOS administration intensifies visceral hypersensitivity and gut inflammation in stress-induced IBS mice, but not in the control mice, and is also associated with increased intestinal SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Rui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui-Qin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - John J Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Ya-Wen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
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27
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Wu Q, Pi X, Liu W, Chen H, Yin Y, Yu HD, Wang X, Zhu L. Fermentation properties of isomaltooligosaccharides are affected by human fecal enterotypes. Anaerobe 2017; 48:206-214. [PMID: 28882708 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) are enzymatically synthesized oligosaccharides that have potential prebiotic effects. Five IMO substrates with 2-16° of polymerization (DP) were studied for their fermentation capacities using human microbiomes in an in vitro batch fermentation model. Eleven fecal slurries belonging to three enterotypes, including the Bacteroides-, Prevotella- and Mixed-type, exhibited different degradation rates for long chain IMOs (DP 7 to 16). In contrast, the degradation rates for short chain IMOs (DP 2 to 6) were not affected by enterotypes. Both 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR demonstrated that, after fermentation, the Bifidobacterium growth with IMOs was primarily detected in the Bacteroides- and Mixed-type (non-Prevotella-type), and to a lesser degree in the Prevotella-type. Interestingly, the Prevotella-type microbiome had higher levels of propionic acid and butyric acid production than non-Prevotella-type microbiome after IMOs fermentation. Moreover, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of both denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling and 16S rRNA sequencing data demonstrated that the microbiome community compositions were separately clustered based on IMO chain length, suggesting significant impact of DP on the bacterial community structure. The current results clearly demonstrated that the IMO chain length could modulate the structure and composition of the human colonic microbiome. Different responses to short and long chain IMOs were observed from three human enterotypes, indicating that IMOs may be used as therapeutic substrates for directly altering human colonic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; State Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Xiong'e Pi
- State Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Huahai Chen
- State Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Yeshi Yin
- State Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Hongwei D Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Progenesis Technologies, LLC, One John Marshall Drive, Robert C. Byrd Biotechnology Science Center, Suite 314, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- State Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Liying Zhu
- State Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
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