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Tuohy P, Cvitanovic C, Shellock RJ, Karcher DB, Duggan J, Cooke SJ. Considerations for Research Funders and Managers to Facilitate the Translation of Scientific Knowledge into Practice. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:668-682. [PMID: 38019304 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Research funders and managers can play a critical role in supporting the translation of knowledge into action by facilitating the brokering of knowledge and partnerships. We use semi-structured interviews with a research funding agency, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), to explore (i) ways that funders can facilitate knowledge brokering, the (ii) barriers to, and (iii) enablers for, facilitating knowledge brokering, and (iv) the individual skills and attributes for research program funders and managers to be effective brokers. Based on these findings, we generate three considerations for research funders elsewhere, in particular R4D funders, seeking to build capacity for knowledge brokering: (i) formalise the process and practice, (ii) develop shared language and understanding, and (iii) build individual competencies and capabilities. Our findings complement the existing literature with a context specific analysis of how research funders can facilitate knowledge brokering, and by identifying the barriers and enablers in doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tuohy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - C Cvitanovic
- School of Business, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - R J Shellock
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - D B Karcher
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - J Duggan
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australia National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - S J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Karcher DB, Cvitanovic C, van Putten IE, Colvin RM, Armitage D, Aswani S, Ballesteros M, Ban NC, Barragán-Paladines MJ, Bednarek A, Bell JD, Brooks CM, Daw TM, de la Cruz-Modino R, Francis TB, Fulton EA, Hobday AJ, Holcer D, Hudson C, Jennerjahn TC, Kinney A, Knol-Kauffman M, Löf MF, Lopes PFM, Mackelworth PC, McQuatters-Gollop A, Muhl EK, Neihapi P, Pascual-Fernández JJ, Posner SM, Runhaar H, Sainsbury K, Sander G, Steenbergen DJ, Tuda PM, Whiteman E, Zhang J. Lessons from bright-spots for advancing knowledge exchange at the interface of marine science and policy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:114994. [PMID: 35452885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-informed decision-making is in increasing demand given growing pressures on marine environments. A way to facilitate this is by knowledge exchange among marine scientists and decision-makers. While many barriers are reported in the literature, there are also examples whereby research has successfully informed marine decision-making (i.e., 'bright-spots'). Here, we identify and analyze 25 bright-spots from a wide range of marine fields, contexts, and locations to provide insights into how to improve knowledge exchange at the interface of marine science and policy. Through qualitative surveys we investigate what initiated the bright-spots, their goals, and approaches to knowledge exchange. We also seek to identify what outcomes/impacts have been achieved, the enablers of success, and what lessons can be learnt to guide future knowledge exchange efforts. Results show that a diversity of approaches were used for knowledge exchange, from consultative engagement to genuine knowledge co-production. We show that diverse successes at the interface of marine science and policy are achievable and include impacts on policy, people, and governance. Such successes were enabled by factors related to the actors, processes, support, context, and timing. For example, the importance of involving diverse actors and managing positive relationships is a key lesson for success. However, enabling routine success will require: 1) transforming the ways in which we train scientists to include a greater focus on interpersonal skills, 2) institutionalizing and supporting knowledge exchange activities in organizational agendas, 3) conceptualizing and implementing broader research impact metrics, and 4) transforming funding mechanisms to focus on need-based interventions, impact planning, and an acknowledgement of the required time and effort that underpin knowledge exchange activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Karcher
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Christopher Cvitanovic
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ingrid E van Putten
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Colvin
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, ACT, Australia
| | - Derek Armitage
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shankar Aswani
- Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Marta Ballesteros
- Fisheries Socioeconomic Department, Centro Tecnológico del Mar- Fundación CETMAR, Vigo, Spain
| | - Natalie C Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Angela Bednarek
- Evidence Project, Research and Science, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Johann D Bell
- Center for Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA; Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassandra M Brooks
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Tim M Daw
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raquel de la Cruz-Modino
- Instituto de Investigación Social y Turismo, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Tessa B Francis
- Puget Sound Institute, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fulton
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alistair J Hobday
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Draško Holcer
- Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia; Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - Charlotte Hudson
- Lenfest Ocean Program, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tim C Jennerjahn
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, Bremen, Germany; Faculty of Geoscience, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Strasse, Bremen, Germany
| | - Aimee Kinney
- Puget Sound Institute, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Maaike Knol-Kauffman
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marie F Löf
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Priscila F M Lopes
- Fishing Ecology, Management and Economics Group, Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Peter C Mackelworth
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Veli Lošinj, Croatia; Institute for Tourism, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Abigail McQuatters-Gollop
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ella-Kari Muhl
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pita Neihapi
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - José J Pascual-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Social y Turismo, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Stephen M Posner
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Hens Runhaar
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, CB 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Keith Sainsbury
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gunnar Sander
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk J Steenbergen
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul M Tuda
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Jialin Zhang
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, Bremen, Germany
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Gele A, Sheikh NS, Kour P, Qureshi SA. Uptake of Covid-19 Preventive Measures Among 10 Immigrant Ethnic Groups in Norway. Front Public Health 2022; 10:809726. [PMID: 35812507 PMCID: PMC9259830 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.809726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A pessimistic view of the impact of Covid-19 on immigrants has generated an interest in exploring the role of socio-economic and cultural factors on excess infection, hospitalization and death among immigrants. Nowhere in the world is such interest more palpable than in Western countries, including Norway. An expanding amount of literature has demonstrated that preexisting socio-economic inequalities have affected Covid-19 control programs through a disruption of immigrants' uptake to preventive measures. Nonetheless, until very recently, no qualitative research has been conducted to address the impact of socio-economic and socio-cultural factors on immigrants' uptake on preventive measures of Covid-19 in Norway. Methods An interview-based qualitative study consisting of 88 participants (49 women and 39 men) from 10 immigrant ethnic groups were carried out. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling and snowballing. In-depth interviews were held through telephone or online for those who have experience in the use of zoom or teams. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results We found that participants' attitudes toward the pandemic in general, and more specifically their adherence to preventive measures, have increased over time. However, the number of barriers that hinder immigrants from adhering to preventive measures were identified and classified more broadly into three main subthemes: (1) socio-economic barriers; (2) socio-cultural barriers, and (3) other barriers. Socio-economic barriers include overcrowded households, working in first-line jobs, education and language. Socio-cultural barriers include collectivist culture, religious fatalism and risk perception toward the pandemic. Conclusion To reduce the health inequality that arises from overcrowded housing, there is a need for a long-term strategy to help improve the housing situation of low-income immigrant families that live in overcrowded households. In addition, increasing health literacy and more generally, the integration of immigrants, may also reduce the effect of socio-cultural factors on an immigrant's uptake of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Gele
- Unit for Migration and Health, Department of Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Abdi Gele
| | - Naima Said Sheikh
- Unit for Migration and Health, Department of Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prabhjot Kour
- Unit for Migration and Health, Department of Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Samera A. Qureshi
- Unit for Migration and Health, Department of Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Unpacking the Psychosocial Dimension of Decarbonization between Change and Stability: A Systematic Review in the Social Science Literature. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a systematic overview of the psychosocial contribution to decarbonization studies and critically discusses current trends. Following the PRISMA protocol, we reviewed 404 articles informing how socio-psychological processes affect decarbonization, and vice versa, and highlighting research gaps and biases. Contrary to criticisms about methodological individualism and reductionism of socio-psychological research on sustainability, the review illustrates that the field is equally attentive to psychosocial processes operating at different levels, including the individual (e.g., attitudes, stress, environmental concerns), community (e.g., collective identity, justice, sense of place), and socio-cultural levels (e.g., social norms, values, memory). However, evidence shows some problematic trends in the literature: (i) A bias toward specific agents and geographies, which overlooks mesoscale actors (e.g., media, unions, NGOs) and developing and eastern countries; (ii) instrumental and normative views of transitions, which coincide with a prevailing focus on cognitive processes and a selective bias toward technologies, policies, places, and natural resources conceived as instrumental to decarbonization. This also emphasizes how biophysical processes, people–nature relationships, and the role of emotions in understanding the psychology of agents and decarbonization processes are almost absent; (iii) a research gaze normatively oriented toward the future, which risks neglecting continuity–discontinuity dynamics and the timing and pace of transitions.
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Freebairn L, Occhipinti JA, Song YJC, Skinner A, Lawson K, Lee GY, Hockey SJ, Huntley S, Hickie IB. Participatory Methods for Systems Modeling of Youth Mental Health: Implementation Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e32988. [PMID: 35129446 PMCID: PMC8861863 DOI: 10.2196/32988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite significant investment, mental health issues remain a leading cause of death among young people globally. Sophisticated decision analysis methods are needed to better understand the dynamic and multisector drivers of youth mental health. System modeling can help explore complex issues such as youth mental health and inform strategies to effectively respond to local needs and achieve lasting improvements. The advantages of engaging stakeholders in model development processes have long been recognized; however, the methods for doing so are often not well-described. Objective This paper aims to describe the participatory procedures that will be used to support systems modeling for national multisite implementation. The Right Care, First Time, Where You Live research program will focus on regional youth mental health applications of systems modeling in 8 different sites across Australia. Methods The participatory model development approach involves an iterative process of engaging with a range of participants, including people with lived experience of mental health issues. Their knowledge of the local systems, pathways, and drivers is combined with the academic literature and data to populate the models and validate their structure. The process centers around 3 workshops where participants interact and actively engage in group model-building activities to define, refine, and validate the systems models. This paper provides a detailed blueprint for the implementation of this process for mental health applications. Results The participatory modeling methods described in this paper will be implemented at 2 sites per year from 2022 to 2025. The 8 selected sites have been chosen to capture variations in important factors, including determinants of mental health issues and access to services. Site engagement commenced in August 2021, and the first modeling workshops are scheduled to commence in February 2022. Conclusions Mental health system decision makers require tools to help navigate complex environments and leverage interdisciplinary problem-solving. Systems modeling can mobilize data from diverse sources to explore a range of scenarios, including the impact of interventions in different combinations and contexts. Involving stakeholders in the model development process ensures that the model findings are context-relevant and fit-for-purpose to inform decision-making. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/32988
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Freebairn
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Computer Simulation & Advanced Research Technologies (CSART), Sydney, Australia.,Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jo-An Occhipinti
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Computer Simulation & Advanced Research Technologies (CSART), Sydney, Australia
| | - Yun Ju C Song
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Adam Skinner
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kenny Lawson
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Grace Yeeun Lee
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Samuel J Hockey
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Samantha Huntley
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Gele AA, Shrestha M, Sheikh NS, Qureshi SA. Pregnant and Powerless: Exploring Barriers to Contraceptive use among Women in Mogadishu, Somalia. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/23333928221117057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With a maternal mortality ratio of 692 per 100 000 live births and modern contraception prevalence of 1%, understanding factors hindering Somali women from using modern contraception is key to developing and implementing locally adopted public health responses. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore factors impeding Somali women in Mogadishu from using modern contraception Methods We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 21 married women aged >18 years, living in different neighborhoods in Mogadishu between July—December 2018. We recruited the participants using a convenience sampling method. Results The findings show that health communication messages and contraceptive information provided by health providers (medical barriers) constitute a significant obstacle to women’s access to modern contraception services. Other barriers included prevalent religious fallacies among women and fear of permanent infertility upon modern contraception. Conclusion Training health providers in the principles of modern contraception, in addition to the medical ethics that govern their responsibility to provide correct and relevant information to their patients, is vital for increasing modern contraception use among Somali women. The findings of this study may be used for designing public health interventions that promote acceptance and the use of modern contraception among both women and men in Somalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdi A Gele
- Department of Health Service Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Naima Said Sheikh
- Department of Health Service Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Samera A Qureshi
- Department of Health Service Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Country Representatives’ Perceptions of the Biodiversity Science-Policy Interface. CONSERVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/conservation1020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity knowledge is communicated by scientists to policymakers at the biodiversity “science-policy interface” (SPI). Although the biodiversity SPI is the subject of a growing body of literature, gaps in our understanding include the efficacy of mechanisms to bridge the interface, the quality of information exchanged between science and policy, and the inclusivity of stakeholders involved. To improve this understanding, we surveyed an important but under-studied group—biodiversity policymakers and scientific advisors representing their respective countries in negotiations of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). We found that a wide variety of SPI mechanisms were being used. Overall, they were considered to be sufficiently effective, improving over time, and supplied with information of adequate quality. Most respondents, however, agreed that key actors were still missing from the biodiversity SPI.
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Dewaele A, Vandael K, Meysman S, Buysse A. Understanding collaborative interactions in relation to research impact in social sciences and humanities: A meta-ethnography. RESEARCH EVALUATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/reseval/rvaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The number and type of collaborations between researchers and stakeholders has increased significantly. This responds to the demand from policymakers, funders, and citizens that researchers should help to tackle important social issues (e.g. climate change, healthy aging). However, there is little knowledge about how collaboration processes are experienced, how we can theoretically conceptualize them, and how in this way we can develop efficient collaboration methods that contribute to solving urgent societal problems. In this meta-ethnography, we gathered relevant knowledge from carefully selected qualitative studies. A title/abstract analysis of 3422 articles from Web of Science and ProQuest led to the interpretative analysis of qualitative data from eight publications. The results of this study show that despite the need for a better understanding of complex collaborative interactions, the differences (or asymmetry) between organizations to which various partners belong hinder efficient collaboration. Bridging figures (brokers) can play an essential role if they succeed in drawing diverse stakeholders out of their organizational context into a new dimension that allows creativity and mutual understanding, but that also allows conflict and distortion. In ideal circumstances, this leads to a quasi-automatic transfer of knowledge between partners that takes place naturally and in both directions (knowledge diffusion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Dewaele
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Vandael
- Experimental Health Psychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Meysman
- Department of History, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35 (UFo, 2nd floor, Room 004), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ann Buysse
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Fisher JRB, Wood SA, Bradford MA, Kelsey TR. Improving scientific impact: How to practice science that influences environmental policy and management. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark A. Bradford
- School of Forestry and Environmental StudiesYale University New Haven Connecticut USA
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Antunes do Carmo JS. The changing paradigm of coastal management: The Portuguese case. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133807. [PMID: 31419682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Until the 1980s, the primary goal of coastal works projects was to ensure safety at any cost. This was addressed in an essentially physical manner. Today, concerns are no longer limited to safety; lifestyle and quality of life have become essential components in the successful construction of coastal infrastructure. Other aspects of development have also become important, such as environmental impact, attractiveness and sustainability. New social realities must be addressed, as must the voices of actors and interest groups. The synthesis of recent concerns over coastal public works projects has become increasingly difficult due to new assumptions of value, social acceptance and the sustainability of these projects. In this context, it is now common knowledge that decision-making on a coastal issue should be based on multiple criteria, including technical effectiveness, costs, benefits, implementation and monitoring. Here, coastal issues are reviewed using the dual perspective of meeting current needs and ensuring future sustainability. It is shown that multifunctional facilities built near the coast are one viable solution for managing coastal erosion. The results of a case study conducted in a sensitive area of the Portuguese coast are also presented. Based on an exhaustive review of the literature, it is also shown that improving nautical sports and generating renewable energy should not be neglected. Finally, contemporary adaptation measures and future accommodation options are recommended.
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Freebairn L, Atkinson JA, Osgood ND, Kelly PM, McDonnell G, Rychetnik L. Turning conceptual systems maps into dynamic simulation models: An Australian case study for diabetes in pregnancy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218875. [PMID: 31247006 PMCID: PMC6597234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND System science approaches are increasingly used to explore complex public health problems. Quantitative methods, such as participatory dynamic simulation modelling, can mobilise knowledge to inform health policy decisions. However, the analytic and practical steps required to turn collaboratively developed, qualitative system maps into rigorous and policy-relevant quantified dynamic simulation models are not well described. This paper reports on the processes, interactions and decisions that occurred at the interface between modellers and end-user participants in an applied health sector case study focusing on diabetes in pregnancy. METHODS An analysis was conducted using qualitative data from a participatory dynamic simulation modelling case study in an Australian health policy setting. Recordings of participatory model development workshops and subsequent meetings were analysed and triangulated with field notes and other written records of discussions and decisions. Case study vignettes were collated to illustrate the deliberations and decisions made throughout the model development process. RESULTS The key analytic objectives and decision-making processes included: defining the model scope; analysing and refining the model structure to maximise local relevance and utility; reviewing and incorporating evidence to inform model parameters and assumptions; focusing the model on priority policy questions; communicating results and applying the models to policy processes. These stages did not occur sequentially; the model development was cyclical and iterative with decisions being re-visited and refined throughout the process. Storytelling was an effective strategy to both communicate and resolve concerns about the model logic and structure, and to communicate the outputs of the model to a broader audience. CONCLUSION The in-depth analysis reported here examined the application of participatory modelling methods to move beyond qualitative conceptual mapping to the development of a rigorously quantified and policy relevant, complex dynamic simulation model. The analytic objectives and decision-making themes identified provide guidance for interpreting, understanding and reporting future participatory modelling projects and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Freebairn
- ACT Health, Canberra, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia
- University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jo-An Atkinson
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathaniel D. Osgood
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Community Health … Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Paul M. Kelly
- ACT Health, Canberra, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Lucie Rychetnik
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia
- University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Knight AR. How can the social sciences work with ecology in informing feral horse policy and management in south‐eastern Australia? ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Freebairn L, Atkinson JA, Kelly PM, McDonnell G, Rychetnik L. Decision makers' experience of participatory dynamic simulation modelling: methods for public health policy. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2018; 18:131. [PMID: 30541523 PMCID: PMC6291959 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-018-0707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systems science methods such as dynamic simulation modelling are well suited to address questions about public health policy as they consider the complexity, context and dynamic nature of system-wide behaviours. Advances in technology have led to increased accessibility and interest in systems methods to address complex health policy issues. However, the involvement of policy decision makers in health-related simulation model development has been lacking. Where end-users have been included, there has been limited examination of their experience of the participatory modelling process and their views about the utility of the findings. This paper reports the experience of end-user decision makers, including senior public health policy makers and health service providers, who participated in three participatory simulation modelling for health policy case studies (alcohol related harm, childhood obesity prevention, diabetes in pregnancy), and their perceptions of the value and efficacy of this method in an applied health sector context. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with end-user participants from three participatory simulation modelling case studies in Australian real-world policy settings. Interviewees were employees of government agencies with jurisdiction over policy and program decisions and were purposively selected to include perspectives at different stages of model development. RESULTS The 'co-production' aspect of the participatory approach was highly valued. It was reported as an essential component of building understanding of the modelling process, and thus trust in the model and its outputs as a decision-support tool. The unique benefits of simulation modelling included its capacity to explore interactions of risk factors and combined interventions, and the impact of scaling up interventions. Participants also valued simulating new interventions prior to implementation in the real world, and the comprehensive mapping of evidence and its gaps to prioritise future research. The participatory aspect of simulation modelling was time and resource intensive and therefore most suited to high priority complex topics with contested options for intervening. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the value of a participatory approach to dynamic simulation modelling to support its utility in applied health policy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Freebairn
- ACT Health, GPO Box 825, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, PO Box K617, Haymarket, Sydney, NSW 1240 Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, PO Box 944, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Jo-An Atkinson
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, PO Box K617, Haymarket, Sydney, NSW 1240 Australia
- Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Paul M. Kelly
- ACT Health, GPO Box 825, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, PO Box K617, Haymarket, Sydney, NSW 1240 Australia
- School of Medicine, The Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2601 Australia
| | | | - Lucie Rychetnik
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, PO Box K617, Haymarket, Sydney, NSW 1240 Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, PO Box 944, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
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15
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Cvitanovic C, Löf MF, Norström AV, Reed MS. Building university-based boundary organisations that facilitate impacts on environmental policy and practice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203752. [PMID: 30212515 PMCID: PMC6136716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Responding to modern day environmental challenges for societal well-being and prosperity necessitates the integration of science into policy and practice. This has spurred the development of novel institutional structures among research organisations aimed at enhancing the impact of environmental science on policy and practice. However, such initiatives are seldom evaluated and even in cases where evaluations are undertaken, the results are rarely made publicly available. As such there is very little empirically grounded guidance available to inform other organisations in this regard. To help address this, the aim of this study is to evaluate the Baltic Eye Project at Stockholm University–a unique team consisting of researchers from different fields, science communicators, journalists and policy analysts–working collectively to support evidence-informed decision-making relating to the sustainable management of the Baltic Sea environment. Specifically, through qualitative interviews, we (1) identify the impacts achieved by the Baltic Eye Project; (2) understand the challenges and barriers experienced throughout the Baltic Eye Project; and (3) highlight the key features that are needed within research organisations to enhance the impact of science on policy and practice. Results show that despite only operating for three years, the Baltic Eye Project has achieved demonstrable impacts on a range of levels: impacts on policy and practice, impacts to individuals working within the organisation and impacts to the broader University. We also identify a range of barriers that have limited impacts to date, such as a lack of clear goals at the establishment of the Baltic Eye Project and existing metrics of academic impact (e.g. number of publications). Finally, based on the experiences of employees at the Baltic Eye Project, we identify the key organisational, individual, financial, material, practical, political, and social features of university-based boundary organisations that have impact on policy and practice. In doing so this paper provides empirically-derived guidance to help other research organisations increase their capacity to achieve tangible impacts on environmental policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cvitanovic
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie F. Löf
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mark S. Reed
- Centre for Rural Economy and Institute for Agri-Food Research and Innovation, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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16
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Rose DC, Sutherland WJ, Amano T, González‐Varo JP, Robertson RJ, Simmons BI, Wauchope HS, Kovacs E, Durán AP, Vadrot ABM, Wu W, Dias MP, Di Fonzo MMI, Ivory S, Norris L, Nunes MH, Nyumba TO, Steiner N, Vickery J, Mukherjee N. The major barriers to evidence-informed conservation policy and possible solutions. Conserv Lett 2018; 11:e12564. [PMID: 31031821 PMCID: PMC6473637 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation policy decisions can suffer from a lack of evidence, hindering effective decision-making. In nature conservation, studies investigating why policy is often not evidence-informed have tended to focus on Western democracies, with relatively small samples. To understand global variation and challenges better, we established a global survey aimed at identifying top barriers and solutions to the use of conservation science in policy. This obtained the views of 758 people in policy, practice, and research positions from 68 countries across six languages. Here we show that, contrary to popular belief, there is agreement between groups about how to incorporate conservation science into policy, and there is thus room for optimism. Barriers related to the low priority of conservation were considered to be important, while mainstreaming conservation was proposed as a key solution. Therefore, priorities should focus on convincing the public of the importance of conservation as an issue, which will then influence policy-makers to adopt pro-environmental long-term policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Rose
- Department of GeographyUniversity of CambridgeDowning PlaceCambridgeCB2 3ENUnited Kingdom
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUnited Kingdom
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeThe David Attenborough Building, Pembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3QZUnited Kingdom
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeThe David Attenborough Building, Pembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3QZUnited Kingdom
- Centre for the Study of Existential RiskUniversity of Cambridge16 Mill LaneCambridgeCB2 1SB
| | - Juan P. González‐Varo
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeThe David Attenborough Building, Pembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3QZUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Robertson
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeThe David Attenborough Building, Pembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3QZUnited Kingdom
| | - Benno I. Simmons
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeThe David Attenborough Building, Pembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3QZUnited Kingdom
| | - Hannah S. Wauchope
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeThe David Attenborough Building, Pembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3QZUnited Kingdom
| | - Eszter Kovacs
- Department of GeographyUniversity of CambridgeDowning PlaceCambridgeCB2 3ENUnited Kingdom
- Corvinus University of BudapestFővám tér 8Budapest 1093Hungary
| | - América Paz Durán
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeThe David Attenborough Building, Pembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3QZUnited Kingdom
- UN World Conservation Monitoring Centre219 Huntingdon RoadCambridgeCB3 0DL
- Luc Hoffmann Institutec/o WWF InternationalAvenue du Mont Blanc1196 GlandSwitzerland
| | - Alice B. M. Vadrot
- Centre for Science and Policy10 Trumpington St.CambridgeCB2 1QAUnited Kingdom
| | - Weiling Wu
- Department of GeographyUniversity of CambridgeDowning PlaceCambridgeCB2 3ENUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria P. Dias
- Birdlife InternationalThe David Attenborough BuildingPembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3QZUnited Kingdom
| | - Martina M. I. Di Fonzo
- Department of GeographyUniversity of CambridgeDowning PlaceCambridgeCB2 3ENUnited Kingdom
- University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership1 Trumpington StreetCambridgeCB2 1QAUnited Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental DecisionsUniversity of QueenslandSt Lucia4072Australia
| | - Sarah Ivory
- UN World Conservation Monitoring Centre219 Huntingdon RoadCambridgeCB3 0DL
| | - Lucia Norris
- Department of GeographyUniversity of CambridgeDowning PlaceCambridgeCB2 3ENUnited Kingdom
| | - Matheus Henrique Nunes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUnited Kingdom
| | - Tobias Ochieng Nyumba
- Department of GeographyUniversity of CambridgeDowning PlaceCambridgeCB2 3ENUnited Kingdom
| | - Noa Steiner
- Department of GeographyUniversity of CambridgeDowning PlaceCambridgeCB2 3ENUnited Kingdom
- UN World Conservation Monitoring Centre219 Huntingdon RoadCambridgeCB3 0DL
| | - Juliet Vickery
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeThe David Attenborough Building, Pembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3QZUnited Kingdom
- RSPB Centre of Conservation ScienceRoyal Society for the Protection of Birds, The LodgeSandyBedfordshireSG19 2DLUnited Kingdom
| | - Nibedita Mukherjee
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeThe David Attenborough Building, Pembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3QZUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterPenrynCornwall TR10 9FEUnited Kingdom
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17
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Facilitating Change for Climate-Smart Agriculture through Science-Policy Engagement. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10082616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate change impacts on agriculture have become evident, and threaten the achievement of global food security. On the other hand, the agricultural sector itself is a cause of climate change, and if actions are not taken, the sector might impede the achievement of global climate goals. Science-policy engagement efforts are crucial to ensure that scientific findings from agricultural research for development inform actions of governments, private sector, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international development partners, accelerating progress toward global goals. However, knowledge gaps on what works limit progress. In this paper, we analyzed 34 case studies of science-policy engagement efforts, drawn from six years of agricultural research for development efforts around climate-smart agriculture by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Based on lessons derived from these case studies, we critically assessed and refined the program theory of the CCAFS program, leading to a revised and improved program theory for science-policy engagement for agriculture research for development under climate change. This program theory offers a pragmatic pathway to enhance credibility, salience and legitimacy of research, which relies on engagement (participatory and demand-driven research processes), evidence (building scientific credibility while adopting an opportunistic and flexible approach) and outreach (effective communication and capacity building).
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18
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Bednarek AT, Wyborn C, Cvitanovic C, Meyer R, Colvin RM, Addison PFE, Close SL, Curran K, Farooque M, Goldman E, Hart D, Mannix H, McGreavy B, Parris A, Posner S, Robinson C, Ryan M, Leith P. Boundary spanning at the science-policy interface: the practitioners' perspectives. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2018; 13:1175-1183. [PMID: 30147800 PMCID: PMC6086300 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-018-0550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cultivating a more dynamic relationship between science and policy is essential for responding to complex social challenges such as sustainability. One approach to doing so is to "span the boundaries" between science and decision making and create a more comprehensive and inclusive knowledge exchange process. The exact definition and role of boundary spanning, however, can be nebulous. Indeed, boundary spanning often gets conflated and confused with other approaches to connecting science and policy, such as science communication, applied science, and advocacy, which can hinder progress in the field of boundary spanning. To help overcome this, in this perspective, we present the outcomes from a recent workshop of boundary-spanning practitioners gathered to (1) articulate a definition of what it means to work at this interface ("boundary spanning") and the types of activities it encompasses; (2) present a value proposition of these efforts to build better relationships between science and policy; and (3) identify opportunities to more effectively mainstream boundary-spanning activities. Drawing on our collective experiences, we suggest that boundary spanning has the potential to increase the efficiency by which useful research is produced, foster the capacity to absorb new evidence and perspectives into sustainability decision-making, enhance research relevance for societal challenges, and open new policy windows. We provide examples from our work that illustrate this potential. By offering these propositions for the value of boundary spanning, we hope to encourage a more robust discussion of how to achieve evidence-informed decision-making for sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Wyborn
- Luc Hoffmann Institute, WWF International, Gland, Switzerland
- College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana USA
| | - C. Cvitanovic
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - R. Meyer
- Center for Community and Citizen Science, University of California, Davis, California USA
| | - R. M. Colvin
- Climate Change Institute, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - S. L. Close
- The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K. Curran
- The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M. Farooque
- Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | - E. Goldman
- COMPASS Science Communication, Portland, Oregon USA
| | - D. Hart
- Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine USA
| | - H. Mannix
- COMPASS Science Communication, Portland, Oregon USA
| | - B. McGreavy
- Department of Communication and Journalism, Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, Maine USA
| | - A. Parris
- Science and Resilience Institute at Jamaica Bay, City University of New York, Brooklyn College, New York, New York USA
| | - S. Posner
- COMPASS Science Communication, Portland, Oregon USA
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont USA
| | - C. Robinson
- Engaging Scientists and Engineers in Policy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M. Ryan
- Luc Hoffmann Institute, WWF International, Gland, Switzerland
- University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - P. Leith
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
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19
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Mukherjee N, Zabala A, Huge J, Nyumba TO, Adem Esmail B, Sutherland WJ. Comparison of techniques for eliciting views and judgements in decision‐making. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Mukherjee
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Aiora Zabala
- Department of Land EconomyCambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance Cambridge UK
| | - Jean Huge
- Centre for Sustainable DevelopmentGhent University Belgium
- Belgium Centre for Environmental ScienceHasselt University Belgium
- Systems Ecology & Resource Management UnitUniversité Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
- General Botany & Nature ManagementVrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | | | - Blal Adem Esmail
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
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20
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López-Rodríguez MD, Castro H, Arenas M, Requena-Mullor JM, Cano A, Valenzuela E, Cabello J. Exploring Institutional Mechanisms for Scientific Input into the Management Cycle of the National Protected Area Network of Peru: Gaps and Opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 60:1022-1041. [PMID: 28887588 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how to improve decision makers' use of scientific information across their different scales of management is a core challenge for narrowing the gap between science and conservation practice. Here, we present a study conducted in collaboration with decision makers that aims to explore the functionality of the mechanisms for scientific input within the institutional setting of the National Protected Area Network of Peru. First, we analyzed institutional mechanisms to assess the scientific information recorded by decision makers. Second, we developed two workshops involving scientists, decision makers and social actors to identify barriers to evidence-based conservation practice. Third, we administered 482 questionnaires to stakeholders to explore social perceptions of the role of science and the willingness to collaborate in the governance of protected areas. The results revealed that (1) the institutional mechanisms did not effectively promote the compilation and application of scientific knowledge for conservation practice; (2) six important barriers hindered scientific input in management decisions; and (3) stakeholders showed positive perceptions about the involvement of scientists in protected areas and expressed their willingness to collaborate in conservation practice. This collaborative research helped to (1) identify gaps and opportunities that should be addressed for increasing the effectiveness of the institutional mechanisms and (2) support institutional changes integrating science-based strategies for strengthening scientific input in decision-making. These insights provide a useful contextual orientation for scholars and decision makers interested in conducting empirical research to connect scientific inputs with operational aspects of the management cycle in other institutional settings around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D López-Rodríguez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Andalusian Centre for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, Almeria, 04120, Spain.
| | - H Castro
- Department of Biology and Geology, Andalusian Centre for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, Almeria, 04120, Spain
| | - M Arenas
- National Service of Natural Protected Areas in Peru, Calle 17, 355, San Isidro, Lima, 15036, Peru
| | - J M Requena-Mullor
- Department of Biology and Geology, Andalusian Centre for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, Almeria, 04120, Spain
| | - A Cano
- National University of San Marcos, Natural History Museum, Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima, Peru
| | - E Valenzuela
- National Service of Natural Protected Areas in Peru, Calle 17, 355, San Isidro, Lima, 15036, Peru
| | - J Cabello
- Department of Biology and Geology, Andalusian Centre for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, Almeria, 04120, Spain
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