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Steenbergen DJ, Raubani J, Gereva S, Naviti W, Arthur C, Arudere A, Ham J, Joy L, Lalavanua W, Neihapi P, Seko A, Terashima H, Andrew NL. Tracing innovation pathways behind fisheries co-management in Vanuatu. Ambio 2022; 51:2359-2375. [PMID: 36138263 PMCID: PMC9510257 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Co-management approaches have become a core part of coastal fisheries policy and planning practice in Vanuatu. With a long history of supporting community based fisheries management (CBFM), we trace its evolution in Vanuatu to understand how new structures and processes become adopted at scale. A theory of scaling for CBFM guides the analysis of regime shifts over time. We discuss planning for sustained spread under a national programme by categorising multiple drivers of change through three intervention pathways focussed, respectively, on developing (i) an enabling environment, (ii) institutional and individual capacity, and (iii) focussed innovative action in smaller targeted constituencies. Whilst we argue that local fisheries co-management institutions balance competing interests, and so differ amongst places, we also recognise the importance of connectivity and continuity. The realisation of a national programme therefore requires patchworks of siloed projects to be knitted together into coordinated programmatic approaches that strategically integrate activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk J. Steenbergen
- Australian Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong (UOW), North Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Jacob Raubani
- Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA), Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Sompert Gereva
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - William Naviti
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Christopher Arthur
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Ajay Arudere
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Jayven Ham
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Lucy Joy
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Watisoni Lalavanua
- Pacific Community-Fisheries Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystem Division (SPC-FAME), CPS B.P. D5, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Pita Neihapi
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Akiya Seko
- IC Net Limited, Land Axis Tower, 27th Floor 11-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-6027 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Terashima
- IC Net Limited, Land Axis Tower, 27th Floor 11-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-6027 Japan
| | - Neil L. Andrew
- Australian Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong (UOW), North Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
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3
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Karcher DB, Cvitanovic C, van Putten IE, Colvin RM, Armitage D, Aswani S, Ballesteros M, Ban NC, Barragán-Paladines MJ, Bednarek A, Bell JD, Brooks CM, Daw TM, de la Cruz-Modino R, Francis TB, Fulton EA, Hobday AJ, Holcer D, Hudson C, Jennerjahn TC, Kinney A, Knol-Kauffman M, Löf MF, Lopes PFM, Mackelworth PC, McQuatters-Gollop A, Muhl EK, Neihapi P, Pascual-Fernández JJ, Posner SM, Runhaar H, Sainsbury K, Sander G, Steenbergen DJ, Tuda PM, Whiteman E, Zhang J. Lessons from bright-spots for advancing knowledge exchange at the interface of marine science and policy. J Environ Manage 2022; 314:114994. [PMID: 35452885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-informed decision-making is in increasing demand given growing pressures on marine environments. A way to facilitate this is by knowledge exchange among marine scientists and decision-makers. While many barriers are reported in the literature, there are also examples whereby research has successfully informed marine decision-making (i.e., 'bright-spots'). Here, we identify and analyze 25 bright-spots from a wide range of marine fields, contexts, and locations to provide insights into how to improve knowledge exchange at the interface of marine science and policy. Through qualitative surveys we investigate what initiated the bright-spots, their goals, and approaches to knowledge exchange. We also seek to identify what outcomes/impacts have been achieved, the enablers of success, and what lessons can be learnt to guide future knowledge exchange efforts. Results show that a diversity of approaches were used for knowledge exchange, from consultative engagement to genuine knowledge co-production. We show that diverse successes at the interface of marine science and policy are achievable and include impacts on policy, people, and governance. Such successes were enabled by factors related to the actors, processes, support, context, and timing. For example, the importance of involving diverse actors and managing positive relationships is a key lesson for success. However, enabling routine success will require: 1) transforming the ways in which we train scientists to include a greater focus on interpersonal skills, 2) institutionalizing and supporting knowledge exchange activities in organizational agendas, 3) conceptualizing and implementing broader research impact metrics, and 4) transforming funding mechanisms to focus on need-based interventions, impact planning, and an acknowledgement of the required time and effort that underpin knowledge exchange activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Karcher
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Christopher Cvitanovic
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ingrid E van Putten
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Colvin
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, ACT, Australia
| | - Derek Armitage
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shankar Aswani
- Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Marta Ballesteros
- Fisheries Socioeconomic Department, Centro Tecnológico del Mar- Fundación CETMAR, Vigo, Spain
| | - Natalie C Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Angela Bednarek
- Evidence Project, Research and Science, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Johann D Bell
- Center for Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA; Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassandra M Brooks
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Tim M Daw
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raquel de la Cruz-Modino
- Instituto de Investigación Social y Turismo, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Tessa B Francis
- Puget Sound Institute, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fulton
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alistair J Hobday
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Draško Holcer
- Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia; Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - Charlotte Hudson
- Lenfest Ocean Program, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tim C Jennerjahn
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, Bremen, Germany; Faculty of Geoscience, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Strasse, Bremen, Germany
| | - Aimee Kinney
- Puget Sound Institute, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Maaike Knol-Kauffman
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marie F Löf
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Priscila F M Lopes
- Fishing Ecology, Management and Economics Group, Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Peter C Mackelworth
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Veli Lošinj, Croatia; Institute for Tourism, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Abigail McQuatters-Gollop
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ella-Kari Muhl
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pita Neihapi
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - José J Pascual-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Social y Turismo, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Stephen M Posner
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Hens Runhaar
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, CB 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Keith Sainsbury
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gunnar Sander
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk J Steenbergen
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul M Tuda
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Jialin Zhang
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, Bremen, Germany
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5
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Farmery AK, Scott JM, Brewer TD, Eriksson H, Steenbergen DJ, Albert J, Raubani J, Tutuo J, Sharp MK, Andrew NL. Aquatic Foods and Nutrition in the Pacific. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3705. [PMID: 33266125 PMCID: PMC7761396 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
National rates of aquatic food consumption in Pacific Island Countries and Territories are among the highest in the world, yet the region is suffering from extensive levels of diet-related ill health. The aim of this paper is to examine the variation in consumption patterns and in nutrient composition of aquatic foods in the Pacific, to help improve understanding of their contribution to food and nutrition security. For this examination we analysed nutrient composition data and trade data from two novel region-specific databases, as well as consumption data from national and village level surveys for two Melanesian case studies, Vanuatu and Solomon Islands. Results demonstrated that consumption depends on availability and the amount and type of aquatic food consumed, and its contribution to nutrition security varies within different geographic and socio-demographic contexts. More data is needed on locally relevant species and consumption patterns, to better inform dietary guidelines and improve public health both now and into the future. Advice on aquatic food consumption must consider the nutrient composition and quantity of products consumed, as well as accessibility through local food systems, to ensure they contribute to diverse and healthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Farmery
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
| | - Jessica M. Scott
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
| | - Tom D. Brewer
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
| | - Hampus Eriksson
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
- WorldFish, Honiara, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, C/O Solomon Islands National University, Ranadi, Solomon Islands;
| | - Dirk J. Steenbergen
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
| | | | - Jacob Raubani
- Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems Division, The Pacific Community, Noumea Cedex 98849, New Caledonia;
| | - Jillian Tutuo
- WorldFish, Honiara, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, C/O Solomon Islands National University, Ranadi, Solomon Islands;
| | - Michael K. Sharp
- Statistics for Development Division, The Pacific Community, Noumea Cedex 98849, New Caledonia;
| | - Neil L. Andrew
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
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6
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Steenbergen DJ, Neihapi PT, Koran D, Sami A, Malverus V, Ephraim R, Andrew N. COVID-19 restrictions amidst cyclones and volcanoes: A rapid assessment of early impacts on livelihoods and food security in coastal communities in Vanuatu. Mar Policy 2020; 121:104199. [PMID: 32952270 PMCID: PMC7487203 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Coastal communities in regions like the Pacific have been impacted by COVID-19 related public health measures that limit the movement of people, trade and access to resources. In disaster-prone countries, like Vanuatu, such measures add to existing pressures on coastal communities' adaptive capacity. To understand how coastal communities in Vanuatu were impacted in the immediate period after COVID-19 measures were placed, and how people responded to the changing circumstances, a rapid appraisal survey was carried out following a nationally declared state of emergency in March 2020. Results reveal changes in village population, loss of cash income, difficulties in accessing food and shifting pressures on particular resources and habitats. The findings provide insights into the ways local adaptive capacity to satisfy livelihood and food security needs differed among rural contexts. From this we argue that broad quantitative impact assessments are important in guiding strategic and longer term responses and adaptations, but that these are made more useful when complemented with qualitative insights on people and place in the short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Steenbergen
- Australian National Centre for Ocean, Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - P T Neihapi
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department (VFD), Port Vila, Vanuatu
- The Pacific Community (SPC), Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - D Koran
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department (VFD), Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - A Sami
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department (VFD), Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - V Malverus
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department (VFD), Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - R Ephraim
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department (VFD), Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - N Andrew
- Australian National Centre for Ocean, Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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