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Pike F, Lindström L, Ekstedt J, Jiddawi NS, de la Torre-Castro M. Dynamic livelihoods, gender and poverty in marine protected areas: Case study from Zanzibar, Tanzania. Ambio 2024:10.1007/s13280-024-02010-x. [PMID: 38647618 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Livelihood initiatives are common within marine protected areas (MPAs) aiming for poverty alleviation or higher income opportunities. However, results can be mixed in reality, as well as change over time. Furthermore, who benefits is a key consideration, as results can vary based on inequalities, including gender. Here, the monetary outcomes of different livelihood strategies were investigated across three MPA regions in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Using a quantitative approach, the results show that livelihoods have shifted in a six-year period, with livelihood strategies differing in poverty incidence and income. Livelihood initiatives, namely seaweed farming and tourism, did not provide significantly higher monetary returns compared to long-standing livelihoods, such as fisheries. Seaweed farming showed income stability but a high poverty incidence predominantly within women-headed households. During the study period, men primarily remained in fisheries, whilst women shifted to small-scale businesses and fisheries, largely exiting seaweed farming. This underscores a need for adaptive, gender sensitive management within fast changing coastal contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Pike
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lars Lindström
- Department of Political Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin Ekstedt
- Centre for Blue Governance, Department of Sustainability and Planning, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Narriman S Jiddawi
- Zanzi Marine and Coastal Solutions, P.O. Box 4108, Chukwani, Zanzibar, Tanzania
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2
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Putri RD, Rahman MS, Abdillah AA, Huang WC. Improving small-scale fishermen's subjective well-being in Indonesia: Does the internet use play a role? Heliyon 2024; 10:e29076. [PMID: 38617953 PMCID: PMC11015418 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The expansion of Internet access from urban to rural and coastal areas has changed all aspects of life, including lifestyles and work practices. Although several studies have shown that Internet use is essential in the fisheries sector, more information about the link between Internet usage and subjective well-being among small-scale fishermen is needed. This study is the first attempt to investigate the effect of Internet use on subjective well-being, particularly for small-scale fishers. This study used cross-sectional data from 220 respondents in East Java, Indonesia. Two-stage predictor substitution (2SPS) approaches were used to address the endogeneity issue in the estimation. The results revealed that fishing tools, access to credit, and region positively and significantly influenced small-scale fishers' determination to use the Internet. Savings and off-farm employment significantly and negatively affect adoption decisions. The main findings suggest that Internet use significantly increases small-scale fishermen's subjective well-being (proxied by happiness and life satisfaction). This suggests that improving the Internet infrastructure in coastal areas is needed to support economic activities in the fisheries sector and boost the well-being of small-scale fishers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizky Dwi Putri
- Departement of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Development Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Moh Shadiqur Rahman
- Agriculture Socio-Economics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Annur Ahadi Abdillah
- Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C UNAIR, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Wen-Chi Huang
- Departement of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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3
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Nunes CB, Vieira KC, Pereyra PER, Hallwass G, Cunha CV, Silvano RAM. 'From the sky to the ground': fishers' knowledge, landscape analysis and hydrological data indicate long-term environmental changes in Amazonian clear water rivers. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166763. [PMID: 37666343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fishers possess detailed local ecological knowledge (LEK) which can be a valuable resource for tracking long-term environmental changes in less studied tropical rivers. Our goal was to investigate such changes in three clear water rivers in the Brazilian Amazon, focusing on hydrology, water quality and land cover. Additionally, we aimed to compare these changes among three rivers (Trombetas, Tapajós and Tocantins) representing a potential gradient of environmental changes. We interviewed 129 fishers (67 in Tapajós, 33 in Tocantins and 29 in Trombetas), and analyzed temporal series on land cover and hydrology respectively through maps produced by the project MapBiomas, and data from the Brazilian National Water Agency across the last 34 years (from 1985 to 2019). The complementary analyses of these three databases (mapping, hydrological data and fishers' knowledge) revealed environmental changes in the studied rivers. The maps showed a gradient of anthropic changes on land cover, from the less altered Trombetas river, the moderately altered Tapajós and the more intensely changed landscape in the Tocantins River. Fishers from the Tocantins River reported a greater variety of negative changes in water quality related to anthropic actions, such as dams, deforestation, and pollution. Additionally, most fishers indicated hydrological changes making the Tocantins River drier in more recent years, which would cause negative effects on fish populations. In the Tapajós River, fishers mentioned more varied hydrological patterns and negative effects on water quality linked to mining activities, whereas in Trombetas fishers perceived increased floods. The changes mentioned by the interviewed fishers matched observed trends from hydrological data indicating a trend of increasing droughts in the more impacted Tocantins River. Fishers' knowledge provided exclusive 'on the ground' data to track long-term changes on local hydrology and water quality, as well as inform the effects of these changes on fish and fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina B Nunes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Kaluan C Vieira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula E R Pereyra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Hallwass
- Fisheries and Food Institute (FIFO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane V Cunha
- Faculdade de Educação do Campo, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (UNIFESSPA), Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Renato A M Silvano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Fisheries and Food Institute (FIFO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lovell TA. Implementing the voluntary guidelines for the marking of fishing gear in eastern Caribbean small-scale fisheries: An assessment of gear marking provisions. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115292. [PMID: 37473611 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Managing abandoned, lost and otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) is a critical challenge that can be aided by the establishment of strong provisions for the marking of gear. This study presents an analysis of implementation of the VGMFG in Eastern Caribbean states. It provides a socio-legal review of this issues and an analysis of compliance and implementation gaps. Empirical data was gathered through interviews with 56 fishers in 2 jurisdictions as well as 6 national and regional fisheries management experts. Antigua and Barbuda's Fisheries Regulations provided the strongest support to implementation of the VGMFG, while neither Dominica nor Grenada had weak regulatory support for gear marking. Both fishers and fisheries managers in the region confirmed compliance and implementation gaps in the establishment of gear marking schemes, while regional fisheries experts highlighted the limited human, financial and infrastructural capacity of departments to effectively implement such schemes along with other ALDFG management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia A Lovell
- WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University, Fiskehamnsgatan 1, 500, 201 24 Malmö, Sweden; Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Barbuda Affairs, Point Wharf Fisheries Complex, St. John, Antigua and Barbuda.
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Leite MCF, Johnson DS, Ross H, Seixas CS. Social wellbeing, values, and identity among Caiçara small-scale fishers in southeastern Brazil. Marit Stud 2023; 22:36. [PMID: 37581112 PMCID: PMC10423158 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Although much in the lives of members of the Caiçara small-scale fishing communities of Lázaro and Saco da Ribeira in Ubatuba, southeastern Brazil would suggest hardship, that population expresses a surprising degree of satisfaction with life. In this paper, we use a social wellbeing lens as applied through an ethnographic, mixed methods approach to reflect on this overall sense that lives rooted in small-scale fishing are well worth living despite their many challenges. We see the classic maritime anthropology theme of identity at the heart of meaning and life satisfaction. Identity provides core aspects of how people engage with their realities and anchors values that are reference points in work and social relations. With reference to the relational nuances revealed by the social wellbeing perspective, however, we show that Caiçara and small-scale fishing identities are not monolithic, but reflect gender and other social positions, and personal and familial experiences. These experiences include grappling with the complex effects of economic, social, political, and environmental changes. We conclude by arguing that fisheries policy that seeks to prioritize human wellbeing would benefit by adopting a social wellbeing perspective. Fisheries policy could thereby take into account identity, values, and relational elements of social life that give meaning and a sense of belonging to small-scale fishers, while also recognizing the cross-cutting and often contradictory variations in human experience that arise from social and economic differences. This social fabric of small-scale fishers' lives shapes their intentions and actions and is thus a necessary complication to the practice of fisheries management that its proponents need to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta C. F. Leite
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | | | - Helen Ross
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland Australia
| | - Cristiana Simão Seixas
- Environmental Studies and Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Nyiawung RA, Bennett NJ, Loring PA. Understanding change, complexities, and governability challenges in small-scale fisheries: a case study of Limbe, Cameroon, Central Africa. Marit Stud 2023; 22:7. [PMID: 36846087 PMCID: PMC9944802 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-023-00296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, globalization, and increasing industrial and urban activities threaten the sustainability and viability of small-scale fisheries. How those affected can collectively mobilize their actions, share knowledge, and build their local adaptive capacity will shape how best they respond to these changes. This paper examines the changes experienced by small-scale fishing actors, social and governance complexities, and the sustainability challenges within the fisheries system in Limbe, Cameroon. Drawing on the fish-as-food framework, we discuss how ineffective fishery management in light of a confluence of global threats has resulted in changes to fish harvesters' activities, causing shortages in fish supply and disruptions in the fish value chain. The paper uses focus group discussions with fish harvesters and fishmongers to present three key findings. First, we show that changes in the fisheries from increased fishing activities and ineffective fishery management have disrupted fish harvesting and supply, impacting the social and economic well-being of small-scale fishing actors and their communities. Second, there are complexities in the fisheries value chain due to shortages in fish supply, creating conflicts between fisheries actors whose activities are not regulated by any specific set of rules or policies. Third, despite the importance of small-scale fisheries in Limbe, management has been abandoned by fishing actors who are not well-equipped with the appropriate capacity to design and enforce effective fishery management procedures and protections against illegal fishing activities. Empirical findings from this understudied fishery make scholarly contributions to the literature on the fish-as-food framework and demonstrate the need to support small-scale actors' fishing activities and the sustainability of the fisheries system in Limbe. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40152-023-00296-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Nyiawung
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Nathan J. Bennett
- World Wildlife Fund International, Gland, Switzerland
- People and the Ocean Specialist Group, Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland
- The Peopled Seas Initiative, North Vancouver, Canada
| | - Philip A. Loring
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
- Arrell Food Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Paul TT, Sarkar UK, C AA, D VG, Das BK. Exploring vulnerabilities of inland fisheries in Indian context with special reference to climate change and their mitigation and adaptation: a review. Int J Biometeorol 2023; 67:233-252. [PMID: 36595091 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropical inland capture fisheries are susceptible to a series of vulnerabilities such as habitat destruction, biodiversity loss, pollution, overfishing, invasive species and anthropogenic climate change. A comprehensive review of the impact of climatic uncertainties on Indian inland fisheries has not been adequately attempted yet. Recent approaches emphasizing ecosystem-based management in a regional context, specific to inland fisheries for combating climatic changes, have not been reported to date. The paper presents a critical bibliometric review of the climatic vulnerabilities faced by Indian inland fishery resources and various adaptive and mitigation strategies put forward by the country for the sustainability of the resources. In this communication, a systematic review of the impact of climate change and other stressors on various inland ecosystems of the subcontinent and the ecosystem-based management strategies adopted in India is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albin Albert C
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Vandana G D
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
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Krelling AP, Antunes CV, Broadhurst MK. Investigating variability among fisheries litter accumulation on beaches in Paraná, Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 187:114607. [PMID: 36657340 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fishing activities strongly influence coastal and marine environments and are responsible for generating marine litter. In southern Brazil, there are several artisanal (small-scale) fisher settlements that potentially contribute towards regional marine litter. The present study sought to address the deficit in available information by investigating the in situ contribution of artisanal fishing communities to marine litter on adjacent beaches. During one month in the 2019 austral winter, 200-m stretches of beach were investigated at four locations (three artisanal fishing and one control community) in Paraná state. In total, 2196 items were collected; among which only 104 (<5 %) were fisheries related and these remained partially independent of the presence of the three fishing communities across both small and large spatial scales (i.e., from m to km). Rather than the presence of fishing communities, fisheries-related litter appears to primarily originate from external sources and may regionally accumulate via natural vectors such as oceanic currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Paul Krelling
- Postgraduate Program in Science, Technology and Society, Federal Institute of Paraná, Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Celso Valerio Antunes
- Postgraduate Program in Science, Technology and Society, Federal Institute of Paraná, Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matt K Broadhurst
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia; Marine and Estuarine Ecology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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9
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House J, Kleiber D, Steenbergen DJ, Stacey N. Participatory monitoring in community-based fisheries management through a gender lens. Ambio 2023; 52:300-318. [PMID: 36125700 PMCID: PMC9755429 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In small-scale fisheries management, the significance of participation is widely recognised but we are still learning how this can be better operationalised to include different groups, such as women or Indigenous peoples. Participatory monitoring is one tool which has been used to increase participation in fisheries management. The aim of this review is to use critical interpretive synthesis to examine the literature on participatory monitoring within community-based fisheries management from a gender perspective. The synthesis identified and discussed several key areas: reasons presented in the literature for engaging with the themes of gender or participatory monitoring, gendered aspects of participatory monitoring, knowledge valuation and prioritisation in management, replicability and transparency of programme or research methods, and marginalisation narratives. Our findings show the complexities of conducting gender-aware participatory monitoring. Participatory monitoring has the potential to be a transformative and empowering process if the power dynamics involved are considered and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny House
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810 Australia
| | - Danika Kleiber
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA
| | - Dirk J. Steenbergen
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Natasha Stacey
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810 Australia
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Asokan K, Jha PN, Edwin L, B MK, Krishnan AR, Sebastian M. Fuel use in small-scale fishing vessels along the southeast coast of India: a comparative study to ascertain possible reasons and potential recommendations for effective management. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:345. [PMID: 36715872 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the fuel consumption of small-scale fishing vessels could help to keep global warming well below 1.5 °C and lead to effective management in small-scale fisheries (SSF) of developing countries like India. In this regard, a bottom-up approach was carried out to collect the requisite data to explore the fuel consumption of small-scale fishing vessels along India's southeast coast. Consequently, twenty-four fishing vessels (type A to type X) were grouped into seven categories based on fishing methods. The estimated numerical value of fuel use intensity (FUI) ranging from 0.08 to 0.80 was used to examine the fuel-efficient fishing vessel and engine type. In addition, the estimated revenue on fuel ranging from ₹5625.06/l to ₹218.07/l and annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using the Tier 1 method were used to understand the economic efficiency and GHG emission trend, respectively. The total annual GHG emissions from all the fishing vessels at the selected sites were about 1.25E + 08 t CO2-eq year-1. The result shows that longline-cum-gillnetters, seine-netters, longliners and drift-gillnetters largely contributed to 65% of the annual GHG emissions. By recognizing the factors influencing the fuel consumption of fishing vessels in SSF, this sector could be understood, effectively managed, and performed well. Therefore, the possible reasons were extensively discussed through a comparative approach, and potential recommendations for effective management were made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumarakannan Asokan
- Department of Fishing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Cochin, 682506, India.
| | - Paras Nath Jha
- Fishing Technology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, CIFT Road Matsyapuri, Willingdon Island, Cochin, 682029, India
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682016, India
| | - Leela Edwin
- Fishing Technology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, CIFT Road Matsyapuri, Willingdon Island, Cochin, 682029, India
| | - Manoj Kumar B
- Department of Fishing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Cochin, 682506, India
| | - Amrutha R Krishnan
- Department of Fishing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Cochin, 682506, India
| | - Mathew Sebastian
- Department of Fishing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Cochin, 682506, India
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Stiepani J, Jiddawi N, Mtwana Nordlund L. Social-ecological system analysis of an invertebrate gleaning fishery on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar. Ambio 2023; 52:140-154. [PMID: 35945415 PMCID: PMC9666602 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrate gleaning is a small-scale fishery that commonly occurs in the intertidal zone across the tropical Indo-Pacific. In this study, we investigated and analyzed several components of this fishery on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar by employing the social-ecological systems framework from Ostrom 2009. In doing so, we conducted ecological surveys, catch assessments, interviews with gleaners, household surveys, focus group interviews and analyzed the governance structure. This social-ecological systems analysis showed that gleaning is important for food security, local culture and livelihood. Yet, the multiple approaches in our study revealed that the local intertidal zone is degrading and that the gleaned catch is changing. Local narratives indicate that economically important bivalves (Modiolus spp.) and gastropods (Strombus spp.) are in decline, which was paralleled with low abundances of both genera within the ecological survey of the intertidal and catch landing assessment. We recommend that invertebrate gleaning, a fishery mainly comprised of women should be included in fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Stiepani
- Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, NRHU Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Campus Gotland, Visby, Sweden
| | - Narriman Jiddawi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lina Mtwana Nordlund
- Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, NRHU Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Campus Gotland, Visby, Sweden
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12
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Steenbergen DJ, Raubani J, Gereva S, Naviti W, Arthur C, Arudere A, Ham J, Joy L, Lalavanua W, Neihapi P, Seko A, Terashima H, Andrew NL. Tracing innovation pathways behind fisheries co-management in Vanuatu. Ambio 2022; 51:2359-2375. [PMID: 36138263 PMCID: PMC9510257 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Co-management approaches have become a core part of coastal fisheries policy and planning practice in Vanuatu. With a long history of supporting community based fisheries management (CBFM), we trace its evolution in Vanuatu to understand how new structures and processes become adopted at scale. A theory of scaling for CBFM guides the analysis of regime shifts over time. We discuss planning for sustained spread under a national programme by categorising multiple drivers of change through three intervention pathways focussed, respectively, on developing (i) an enabling environment, (ii) institutional and individual capacity, and (iii) focussed innovative action in smaller targeted constituencies. Whilst we argue that local fisheries co-management institutions balance competing interests, and so differ amongst places, we also recognise the importance of connectivity and continuity. The realisation of a national programme therefore requires patchworks of siloed projects to be knitted together into coordinated programmatic approaches that strategically integrate activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk J. Steenbergen
- Australian Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong (UOW), North Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Jacob Raubani
- Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA), Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Sompert Gereva
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - William Naviti
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Christopher Arthur
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Ajay Arudere
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Jayven Ham
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Lucy Joy
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Watisoni Lalavanua
- Pacific Community-Fisheries Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystem Division (SPC-FAME), CPS B.P. D5, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Pita Neihapi
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Mingkai Building, Teoma Street, PO Box 9045, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Akiya Seko
- IC Net Limited, Land Axis Tower, 27th Floor 11-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-6027 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Terashima
- IC Net Limited, Land Axis Tower, 27th Floor 11-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-6027 Japan
| | - Neil L. Andrew
- Australian Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong (UOW), North Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
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13
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Neis B, López Gómez MA, Reid-Musson E, Greenslade B, Decker D, Finnis J, Knott C. Fishing safely during COVID-19 in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada: Making it happen. Mar Policy 2022; 145:105281. [PMID: 36160500 PMCID: PMC9483834 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Globally, fisheries have been the site of multiple documented outbreaks of COVID-19. Existing studies point to the threat posed by the pandemic to livelihoods and health among migrant industrial fishery workers, small-scale fish harvesters, and fishing communities. They show the pandemic enhanced safety, economic, social and political layers of vulnerability in fisheries, while also showcasing examples of resilience. Case studies of COVID-19 response provide an opportunity to explore how existing organizational structures, leadership and networks in fisheries can enable the rapid co-development of customized strategies for fishing safely during large-scale global disruptions such as pandemics. This article contributes to our understanding of governance and fishing safety in small-scale fisheries during the early pandemic, examining the response of small-scale fisheries in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. These seasonal fisheries successfully opened with regulator approval after a short delay and operated without documented COVID-19 outbreaks during 2020. Findings draw from key informant interviews with a safety sector association and union leader, complemented with insights from an anonymous online survey of small-scale harvesters. Interviews capture the organizational processes and resources mobilized to rapidly co-develop the COVID-19 Safe Work Practice Guideline. Online survey findings indicate that fifty-nine percent of respondents (crew and skippers) had no COVID-19-related concerns while fishing in 2020; older harvesters and owner-operators were significantly more likely to indicate concerns. When asked about the relative practicality of listed COVID-19 precautions, respondents commonly identified sanitization, reduced interactions with shore workers, social distancing, protection equipment, modifications to eating/rest areas, and reduced crew as impractical. These assessments are generally consistent with those of the interviewed leaders and the Guideline approach. This suggests the co-developed Guideline provided tailored and practical COVID-19 prevention strategies. Pre-existing governance structures and networks can help address small-scale fisheries vulnerabilities to pandemics by supporting co-development of organizational resources and evidence-informed prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Neis
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | | | - Emily Reid-Musson
- Department of Geography, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7
| | - Brenda Greenslade
- Newfoundland and Labrador Fish Harvesting Safety Association, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - David Decker
- Newfoundland and Labrador Fish Harvesting Safety Association, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Joel Finnis
- Department of Geography, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7
| | - Christine Knott
- Department of Women's Studies, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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14
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Auld K, Feris L. Addressing vulnerability and exclusion in the South African small-scale fisheries sector: does the current regulatory framework measure up? Marit Stud 2022; 21:533-552. [PMID: 36246419 PMCID: PMC9540163 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-022-00288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Small-scale fishers and fishing communities have long suffered marginalisation and discrimination in South Africa. New laws and policies promulgated as the result of a court case brought by small-scale fishers, NGOs and academics attempt to rectify this problem. Drawing on the poverty-vulnerability-marginalisation framework, the paper considers whether this regulatory regime reduces vulnerability and marginalisation within the sector as an important precursor to poverty reduction initiatives, such as improved rights allocation. While the new regulatory regime is a step in the right direction, the paper ultimately finds that there are shortcomings in these laws, many of which have been thrown into sharp relief by the rights implementation process and COVID-19 lockdowns. These include narrow eligibility criteria for fishing rights, a lack of substantive solutions when it comes to vulnerable groups, processes insufficient to prevent elite capture, and impediments to the practice of alternative livelihoods. These shortcomings must be addressed through the appropriate expansion of access rights, consultation with fishers and more inclusive drafting, if the contribution of small-scale fisheries to development and poverty reduction in South Africa is to be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Auld
- World Maritime University, Fiskehamnsgatan 1, 211 18 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Loretta Feris
- University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
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15
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Karnatak G, Das BK, Sarkar UK, Borah S, Roy A, Parida P, Lianthuamluaia Lianthuamluaia, Das AK, Behera BK, Pandit A, Sahoo AK, Bhattacharjya BK, Chakraborty S, Mondal K, Chandra P. Integration of pen aquaculture into ecosystem-based enhancement of small-scale fisheries in a macrophyte dominated floodplain wetland of India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:75431-75440. [PMID: 35655015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid degradation, overexploitation, and encroachment of floodplain wetlands have led to considerable decline in fish diversity and production from these invaluable aquatic resources threatening livelihood of the dependent fishers. The climate change evident in the fast few decades has further aggravated the problem of eutrophication causing water stress and sedimentation leading to rampant macrophyte proliferation affecting ecological and economic functioning of these ecosystems. Macrophyte control and management needs serious attention for sustaining ecosystem services provided by these resources. In this direction, pen culture of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella as a biocontrol for macrophytes along with Indian major carps was implemented in a co-management mode in Beledanga, a typical floodplain wetland, a gradually shrinking, macrophyte dominated floodplain wetland in lower Ganga basin. Indian major carps Labeo catla (6.28±0.23g), Labeo rohita (5.1±0.12g), Cirrhinus mrigala (3.5±0.08g) were stocked in the ratio 4:3:3 at the rate of 20 Nos.m-2 in pens (0.1ha each) in triplicate. Grass carp (7.1±0.42g) was stocked in pen at the rate of 20Nos.m-2 in duplicate. The fishes were fed with pelleted feed twice a day at the rate of 2-3% of body weight. The seed was overwintered in pens for a period of 90 days from November 2019 to January 2020. Average weight recorded at the end of culture period was 25.13±1.70g, 18.11±0.63g, 14.53±0.87g, and 39.20±1.90g in L. catla, L. rohita, C. mrigala, and C. idella, respectively. The survival of fish ranged from 70 to 81%. Growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of grass carp were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to other carp species. The pen culture was found to be economically viable with a benefit cost ratio of 1.53. The fishes produced were released back into the open wetland as an additional input for culture-based fisheries. The intervention along with niche-based enhanced stocking led to 24% increase in the fish production from the wetland with grass carp contributing 20-22% of the total catch with 32% increase in revenue generated by the sale of fish within a short span of 1 year. The study successfully demonstrated technological suitability and economic feasibility of pen culture in this wetland and role of grass carp as a potential biocontrol species for macrophyte management. Grass carp stocked in open wetland grew to 0.8 to 1kg within 6 months and 2-2.3kg within a year and could utilize 40-45% of the submerged and emergent macrophytes. Integration and optimization of grass carp will not only aid in habitat management of macrophyte-choked wetlands but will also boost their small-scale fisheries by converting standing macrophyte biomass into protein-rich fish biomass. The enhanced production will also cater to nutritional and livelihood security of the dependent fishers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Karnatak
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India.
| | - Uttam Kumar Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Simanku Borah
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Aparna Roy
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Pranay Parida
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | | | - Archan Kanti Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Arun Pandit
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Amiya Kumar Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | | | | | - Kausik Mondal
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Purna Chandra
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, India
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16
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Roscher MB, Eriksson H, Harohau D, Mauli S, Kaltavara J, Boonstra WJ, van der Ploeg J. Unpacking pathways to diversified livelihoods from projects in Pacific Island coastal fisheries. Ambio 2022; 51:2107-2117. [PMID: 35316506 PMCID: PMC9378810 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Livelihood diversification has become an integral focus of policies and investments aiming to reduce poverty, vulnerability, and pressure on fishery resources in coastal communities around the globe. In this regard, coastal fisheries in the Pacific Islands have long been a sector where livelihood diversification has featured prominently. Yet, despite the widespread promotion and international investment in this strategy, the ability of externally funded livelihood diversification projects to facilitate improved resource management and rural development outcomes often remains inconsistent. We argue these inconsistencies can be attributed to a conceptual ambiguity stemming from a lack of attention and awareness to the complexity of livelihood diversification. There is still much to learn about the process of livelihood diversification, both in its theoretical conceptualizations and its practical applications. Herein, we utilize a common diversity framework to clarify some of this ambiguity by distinguishing three diversification pathways. These pathways are illustrated using an ideal-typical Pacific Island coastal household and supported by examples provided in the literature that detail livelihood diversification projects in the Pacific. Through this perspective, we seek a more nuanced understanding of what is meant within the policy and practice goal of livelihood diversification. Thereby enabling more targeted and deliberate planning for development investments that facilitates outcomes in support of sustainable livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Roscher
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Hampus Eriksson
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, 11960 Bayan Lepas, Penang Malaysia
| | - Daykin Harohau
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Senoveva Mauli
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Jeremie Kaltavara
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
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17
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McClanahan TR, Azali MK, Kosgei JK. Fish catch responses to Covid-19 disease curfews dependent on compliance, fisheries management, and environmental contexts. Mar Policy 2022; 144:105239. [PMID: 35911785 PMCID: PMC9314266 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The responses of small-scale coastal fisheries to pauses in effort and trade are an important test of natural resource management theories with implications for the many challenges of managing common-pool resources. Three Covid-19 curfews provided a natural experiment to evaluate fisheries responses adjacent a marine reserve and in a management system that restricted small-mesh drag nets. Daily catch weights in ten fish landings were compared before and after the curfew period to test the catch-only hypothesis that the curfew would reduce effort and increase catch per unit effort, per area yields, and incomes. Interviews with key informants indicated that fisheries effort and trade were disrupted but less so in the gear-restricted rural district than the more urbanized reserve landing sites. The expected increase in catches and incomes was evident in some sites adjacent the reserve but not the rural gear restricted fisheries. Differences in compliance and effort initiated by the curfew, changes in gear, and various negative environmental conditions are among the explanations for the variable catch responses. Rates of change over longer periods in CPUE were stable among marine reserve adjacent landing sites but declined faster after the curfew in the gear-restricted fisheries. Two landing sites nearest the southern end of the reserve displayed a daily 45 % increase in CPUE, 25-30 % increase in CPUA, and a 45-56 % increase in incomes. Results suggest that recovering stocks will succeed where authorities can achieve compliance, near marine reserves, and fisheries lacking additional environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R McClanahan
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Marine Programs, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - M K Azali
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Kenya Marine Program, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - J K Kosgei
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Kenya Marine Program, Mombasa, Kenya
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18
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Castro-Olivares A, Des M, Olabarria C, deCastro M, Vázquez E, Sousa MC, Gómez-Gesteira M. Does global warming threaten small-scale bivalve fisheries in NW Spain? Mar Environ Res 2022; 180:105707. [PMID: 35963134 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shellfisheries of the intertidal and shallow subtidal infaunal bivalves Ruditapes decussatus, Ruditapes philippinarum, Venerupis corrugata and Cerastoderma edule are of great socio-economic importance (in terms of landings) in Europe, specifically in the Galician Rías Baixas (NW Spain). However, ocean warming may threaten these fisheries by modifying the geographic distribution of the species and thus affecting productive areas. The present study analysed the impact of rising ocean temperature on the geographical distribution of the thermal comfort areas of these bivalves throughout the 21st century. The Delft3D model was used to downscale climate data from CORDEX and CMIP5 and was run for July and August in three future periods (2025-2049, 2050-2074 and 2075-2099) under the RCP8.5 scenario. The areas with optimal temperature conditions for shellfish harvesting located in the middle and outer parts of the rias may increase in the near future for R. decussatus, V. corrugata and C. edule and decrease in the far future for R. philippinarum. Moreover, shellfish beds located in the shallower areas of the inner parts of the Rías Baixas could be affected by increased water temperature, reducing the productive areas of the four species by the end of the century. The projected changes in thermal condition will probably lead to changes in shellfish harvesting modality (on foot or aboard vessels) with further socio-economic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Castro-Olivares
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab), Campus As Lagoas s/n, Ourense, 32004, Spain.
| | - M Des
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab), Campus As Lagoas s/n, Ourense, 32004, Spain
| | - C Olabarria
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - M deCastro
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab), Campus As Lagoas s/n, Ourense, 32004, Spain
| | - E Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - M C Sousa
- CESAM, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - M Gómez-Gesteira
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab), Campus As Lagoas s/n, Ourense, 32004, Spain
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19
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Cáceres R, Pittman J, Castrejón M, Deadman P. The Evolution of Polycentric Governance in the Galapagos Small-Scale Fishing Sector. Environ Manage 2022; 70:254-272. [PMID: 35585355 PMCID: PMC9116705 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the multiple anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic factors affecting small-scale fisheries requires collaboration from diverse regions, geographical scales, and administrative levels in order to prevent a potential misfit between governance systems and the socio-ecological problems they address. While connecting actors and stakeholders is challenging, as they often hold opposing perceptions and goals, unveiling the network configurations of governance systems remains one effective way to explore collaborative alliances in light of the diverse drivers of change present in small-scale fishery systems. This study employed descriptive statistics, exponential random graph models (ERGMs), and qualitative data analysis to explore preferential attachments of new nodes to well-positioned nodes within the Galapagos small-scale fishery governance system network and the propensity of cross-sectoral reciprocity and cross-sectoral open triads formation in the network. Our findings identified significant players and network configurations that might be essential in the collaboration diffusion and robustness of the Galapagos small-scale fishery sector governance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Cáceres
- Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Jeremy Pittman
- Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Mauricio Castrejón
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Peter Deadman
- Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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20
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Salguero-Velázquez A, Solano N, Fernandez-Rivera Melo FJ, López-Ercilla I, Torre J. Characterization of masculinity expressions and their influence on the participation of women in Mexican small-scale fisheries. Marit Stud 2022; 21:363-378. [PMID: 35879925 PMCID: PMC9299965 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-022-00276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to document and characterize the different expressions of masculinity and their influence on the participation of women in three small-scale fisheries. The fisheries operate in three priority regions for marine conservation: the northern Mexican Pacific, Gulf of California, and Mexican Caribbean. A qualitative investigation and virtual interviews with participants were conducted due to the lockdown measures of the COVID-19 pandemic. Information from 16 interviews (nine women and seven men) were integrated to this study. An analysis of the thematic content of the information was conducted. The results showed a relationship between being a man, being a fisher, and being a member of a fishing cooperative while maintaining a family. Four characterizations of masculinity emerged. In reluctant traditional masculinity, older men believed that their point of view was what mattered, and they did not accept the participation of women in fisheries. Men who fell under the category of flexible traditional masculinity accepted the participation of women in the working areas of the fisheries. Men associated with transitional masculinity were those who incorporated notions of gender equality and who were open to the participation of women in fisheries. Men connected with apprentice masculinity were mostly young people who depended on their supervisors to guide them. Apprentice masculinity may develop into traditional masculinity or move towards gender equality. The discussion incorporates an analysis of the benefits of changing masculinities regarding health, avoiding risks, and accepting the participation of women in fisheries. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40152-022-00276-z.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neyra Solano
- Comunidad Y Biodiversidad, A.C, Isla del Peruano 215, Lomas de Miramar, 85448 Guaymas, Sonora Mexico
| | | | - Inés López-Ercilla
- Comunidad Y Biodiversidad, A.C, Isla del Peruano 215, Lomas de Miramar, 85448 Guaymas, Sonora Mexico
| | - Jorge Torre
- Comunidad Y Biodiversidad, A.C, Isla del Peruano 215, Lomas de Miramar, 85448 Guaymas, Sonora Mexico
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21
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Miñarro S, Selim S, Galbraith ED. Does catching more fish increase the subjective well-being of fishers? Insights from Bangladesh. Ambio 2022; 51:1673-1686. [PMID: 35167047 PMCID: PMC9110605 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Small-scale fisheries have been associated with the subjective well-being of coastal communities through their links with culture, identity, and social cohesion. But although fish catches are usually considered the primary ecosystem service that benefits fishers, little is known about how subjective well-being is influenced by the fishing activity itself. Here, we applied the experience sampling method in two small-scale fisheries in Bangladesh to assess the effects of fishing on fishers' occurrence of positive and negative affect, two measures of subjective well-being. We found that fishing activities were not directly associated with increased momentary affect and that the frequency of positive affect actually decreased as the fishing trip progressed. Furthermore, although very low catches were associated with less positive affect, the highest frequency of positive affect was achieved with relatively small catches. Our results imply that the benefits provided by small-scale fisheries to the momentary subjective well-being of fishers are not strongly related to the actual catching of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Miñarro
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Building Z-Office 137, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Samiya Selim
- Centre for Sustainable Development, University of Liberal Arts (CSD-ULAB), House 56, Road 4/a, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1209 Bangladesh
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Eric D. Galbraith
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Building Z-Office 137, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0E8 Canada
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22
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Mramba RP, Mkude KE. Determinants of fish catch and post-harvest fish spoilage in small-scale marine fisheries in the Bagamoyo district, Tanzania. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09574. [PMID: 35677413 PMCID: PMC9168513 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The fisheries sector of Tanzania is dominated by small-scale fishers who produce up to 95% of the total amount of fish caught in the country. The small-scale fisheries are constrained by inadequate infrastructure, including a lack of capacity for processing and cold storage facilities, poor transportation and fishing tools that increase post-harvest losses. Small-scale fishers lack sufficient capital and skills to invest in modern fishing technologies. Additionally, social-demographic aspects of the fishers, such as education level, gender, age, fishing experience and training influence access to fishing resources and capital, leading to variation in fish catch and post-harvest losses. Thus, this study examined factors that influence fish catch and spoilage in small-scale fisheries in the Bagamoyo District, Tanzania. Forty randomly selected fishers from the Mlingotini fishing village were interviewed. The results show that after spending an average of 11 h per fishing session, the fishers catch an average of 18.5 kg of fish. The amount of fish captured differed with fishing experience, age and sex of the fisher, education level of the fisher, and the time spent selling the captured fish. On average, 10% of the weight of the fish captured per fishing session spoils. The level of spoilage varied according to the fisher's age and sex, education level, fishing experience, length of fishing session, and fishing gear used. Provision of training related to fish processing and handling and improvement of cold storage and transport facilities are recommended to reduce spoilage.
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23
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Ortiz-Alvarez C, Alfaro-Cordova E, Bielli A, Mangel JC, Alfaro-Shigueto J. Solid waste assessment in a coastal fishing community in Peru. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 178:113632. [PMID: 35405486 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peru has a large small-scale fishing fleet upon which many coastal communities depend for their food and livelihoods. Nonetheless, no thorough assessments have been conducted of solid waste production and management of small-scale fisheries (SSF) and associated communities. We aimed to assess gillnet SSF and household solid waste generation in San Jose, north Peru. A solid waste generation assessment was conducted by monitoring solid waste production during 22 fishing trips and interviewing 70 families. Daily waste generation and recycling per capita, were calculated applying separate Generalized Linear Mixed-Effect Models. Organic waste is the most frequently produced during fishing activities (38%) and at home (83%), followed by plastic and metal. Glass, paper/cardboard, and fishing nets were solely produced during fishing trips. Daily waste per capita was estimated on 0.14 kg∗(day)-1 onboard, and 0.33 kg∗(day)-1 at home. Additionally, perception interviews showed that the population of San Jose perceived solid waste as a threat to public health and marine ecosystems. This study provides a first attempt to assess solid waste production in a Peruvian fishing community, showing the need for an integrated management plan embracing vessel and land-based solid waste generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ortiz-Alvarez
- ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru; Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
| | - Eliana Alfaro-Cordova
- ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru; Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Jeffrey C Mangel
- ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto
- ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru; Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
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Godamunne V, Abdeen AJ, Zoysa RSD. Shored curfews: Constructions of pandemic islandness in contemporary Sri Lanka. Marit Stud 2022; 21:209-221. [PMID: 35299652 PMCID: PMC8907555 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-022-00262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores COVID-19 pandemic biopolitics in Sri Lanka through tropes of "islanding" and segregation by discussing how notions of island isolation, insularity, and geo-spatial boundedness have been transformed from their colonial origins to our post-colonial present, and in the wake of wartime governance. We engage with interlocking notions of the "pandemic island" and the "islanding" of a zoonotic virus with which to broaden relational thinking on local pandemic realities. We argue that the pandemic has tacitly shaped imaginaries of oceanic "islandness" in contemporary times by focusing on five interrelated island(ed) tropes in the humanities and interpretive social sciences against the context of the pandemic. These include the carceral (fortressed) island, the utopic island, the "urban" island, the illicit island, and the mythologised (cursed) island. This paper further contributes toward an understanding of contemporary islands and island imaginaries, an understudied dimension of pandemic-related land-sea sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azhar Jainul Abdeen
- Rural Economic and Community Development Organization (RECDO), Kantale, Sri Lanka
| | - Rapti Siriwardane-de Zoysa
- Department for Social Sciences, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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25
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Arantes CC, Castello L, Basurto X, Angeli N, Sene-Haper A, McGrath DG. Institutional effects on ecological outcomes of community-based management of fisheries in the Amazon. Ambio 2022; 51:678-690. [PMID: 34136995 PMCID: PMC8800982 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Communities throughout the globe are increasingly being given the responsibility of resource management, making it necessary to understand the factors that lead to success in community-based management (CBM). Here, we assessed whether and how institutional design principles affect the ecological outcomes of CBM schemes for Arapaima sp., an important common-pool fishery resource of the Amazon Basin. We quantified the degree of presence of Ostrom's (Science 325:419-422, 1990) institutional design principles in 83 communities using a systematic survey, and quantitatively linked the design principles to a measure of ecological outcome (arapaima density) in a subset of 39 communities to assess their influence. To understand regional patterns of institutional capacity for CBM, we evaluated the degree of presence of each principle in all 83 communities. The principle scores were positively related to arapaima density in the 39 CBM schemes, explaining about half of the variation. Design principles related to defined boundaries and graduated sanctions exerted the strongest influence on the capacity of CBM to increase arapaima density. The degree to which most principles were present in all 83 communities was generally low, however, with the two most influential principles (defined boundaries and graduated sanctions) being the least present of all. Although the roles of the other principles (management rules, conflict resolution, collective action, and monitoring systems) are probably important, our results indicate that efforts aimed at strengthening the presence of defined boundaries and graduated sanctions in communities hold promise to improve the effectiveness of arapaima CBM regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Arantes
- Present Address: Davis College, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, 1145 Evansdale Drive, 325G Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Leandro Castello
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, 310 West Campus Drive, Cheatham Hall, Room 106 (MC 0321), Blacksburg, VA 2406 USA
| | - Xavier Basurto
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA
| | - Nicole Angeli
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Division of Fish and Wildlife, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Government of the Virgin Islands, 45 Mars Hill, Frederiksted, St. Croix, USVI 00840 USA
| | - Aby Sene-Haper
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Lehotshky Hall #276B, Clemson, SC 29634-0735 USA
| | - David G. McGrath
- Earth Innovation Institute, 2111 San Pablo Ave, PO Box 2739, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA
- Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém, Pará Brazil
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26
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Ferguson CE, Tuxson T, Mangubhai S, Jupiter S, Govan H, Bonito V, Alefaio S, Anjiga M, Booth J, Boslogo T, Boso D, Brenier A, Caginitoba A, Ciriyawa A, Fahai'ono JB, Fox M, George A, Eriksson H, Hughes A, Joseph E, Kadannged S, Kubunavanua E, Loni S, Meo S, Micheli F, Nagombi E, Omaro R, Ride A, Sapul A, Singeo A, Stone K, Tabunakawai-Vakalalabure M, Tuivuna M, Vieux C, Vitukawalu VB, Waide M. Local practices and production confer resilience to rural Pacific food systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mar Policy 2022; 137:104954. [PMID: 35035031 PMCID: PMC8746868 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Resilience of food systems is key to ensuring food security through crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented shock that reveals varying levels of resilience of increasingly interconnected food systems across the globe. We contribute to the ongoing debate about whether increased connectivity reduces or enhances resilience in the context of rural Pacific food systems, while examining how communities have adapted to the global shocks associated with the pandemic to ensure food security. We conducted 609 interviews across 199 coastal villages from May to October 2020 in Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Tuvalu to understand community-level impacts and adaptations during the first 5-10 months of the COVID-19 crisis. We found that local food production practices and food sharing conferred resilience, and that imported foods could aid or inhibit resilience. Communities in countries more reliant on imports were almost twice as likely to report food insecurity compared to those least reliant. However, in places dealing with a concurrent cyclone, local food systems were impaired, and imported foods proved critical. Our findings suggest that policy in the Pacific should bolster sustainable local food production and practices. Pacific states should avoid becoming overly reliant on food imports, while having measures in place to support food security after disasters, supplementing locally produced and preserved foods with imported foods when necessary. Developing policies that promote resilient food systems can help prepare communities for future shocks, including those anticipated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teri Tuxson
- Locally Managed Marine Area Network International, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Stacy Jupiter
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | - Hugh Govan
- Locally Managed Marine Area Network International, Suva, Fiji
- University of the South Pacific, School of Government, Development & International Affairs, Suva, Fiji
| | | | | | - Maxine Anjiga
- Papua New Guinea Centre for Locally Managed Areas Inc., Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Jonathan Booth
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | - Tracey Boslogo
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | | | | | | | - Ana Ciriyawa
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Margaret Fox
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
- Pacific Community, Suva, Fiji
| | - Andy George
- Kosrae Conservation and Safety Organisation, Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia
| | - Hampus Eriksson
- WorldFish, Honiara, Solomon Islands
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources & Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Alec Hughes
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | - Eugene Joseph
- Locally Managed Marine Area Network of Pohnpei, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia
| | - Sean Kadannged
- Tamil Resource Conservation Trust, Yap, Federated States of Micronesia
| | | | | | | | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Stanford University, Stanford, United States
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, United States
| | - Elizah Nagombi
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | - Rebecca Omaro
- Papua New Guinea Centre for Locally Managed Areas Inc., Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Annisah Sapul
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Karen Stone
- Tamil Resource Conservation Trust, Yap, Federated States of Micronesia
| | | | | | - Caroline Vieux
- Locally Managed Marine Area Network International, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - McKenzie Waide
- Papua New Guinea Centre for Locally Managed Areas Inc., Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
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27
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Aguión A, Ojea E, García-Flórez L, Cruz T, Garmendia JM, Davoult D, Queiroga H, Rivera A, Acuña-Fernández JL, Macho G. Establishing a governance threshold in small-scale fisheries to achieve sustainability. Ambio 2022; 51:652-665. [PMID: 34403111 PMCID: PMC8800988 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The lack of effective governance is a major concern in small-scale fisheries. The implementation of governance that encompasses the three pillars of sustainability (social, economic, and ecological) is still a worldwide challenge. We examined nine stalked barnacle fisheries (Pollicipes pollicipes) across Southwest Europe to better understand the relationship between governance elements and sustainability. Our results show that nested spatial scales of management, the access structure, co-management, and fisher's participation in monitoring and surveillance promote sustainability. However, it is not the mere presence of these elements but their level of implementation that drives sustainability. Efforts should be placed in the accomplishment of a minimum combination of local scales of management, access rights through individual quotas, instructive-consultative co-management and functional participation. Surpassing this threshold in future governance structures will start to adequately promote social, economic and ecologically sustainability in small-scale fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Aguión
- Future Oceans Lab, CIM-Universidade de Vigo, Torre CACTI, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Elena Ojea
- Future Oceans Lab, CIM-Universidade de Vigo, Torre CACTI, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Flórez
- Centro de Experimentación Pesquera, Dirección General de Pesca Marítima del Principado de Asturias, 33212 Gijón, Spain
| | - Teresa Cruz
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade de Évora, Apartado 190, 7521-903 Sines, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências E Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Joxe Mikel Garmendia
- AZTI - Unidad de Investigación Marina, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Dominique Davoult
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Henrique Queiroga
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM - Centro de Estudos Do Ambiente E Do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Antonella Rivera
- The Coral Reef Alliance, Mesoamerican Region, 1330 Broadway, Suite 600, Oakland, CA 94612 USA
| | - José Luis Acuña-Fernández
- Observatorio Marino de Asturias, Departamento de Biología de Organismos Y Sistema, Universidad de Oviedo, Calle Valentín Andrés Alvarez, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Macho
- Estación de Ciencias Mariñas Illa de Toralla (ECIMAT), Universidade de Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Spain
- Independent Fisheries Consultant, Fisherman’S Cove, Seychelles
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28
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Ferguson CE, Tuxson T, Mangubhai S, Jupiter S, Govan H, Bonito V, Alefaio S, Anjiga M, Booth J, Boslogo T, Boso D, Brenier A, Caginitoba A, Ciriyawa A, Fahai'ono JB, Fox M, George A, Eriksson H, Hughes A, Joseph E, Kadannged S, Kubunavanua E, Loni S, Meo S, Micheli F, Nagombi E, Omaro R, Ride A, Sapul A, Singeo A, Stone K, Tabunakawai-Vakalalabure M, Tuivuna M, Vieux C, Vitukawalu VB, Waide M. Local practices and production confer resilience to rural Pacific food systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mar Policy 2022; 137:104954. [PMID: 35035031 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.104954get] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Resilience of food systems is key to ensuring food security through crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented shock that reveals varying levels of resilience of increasingly interconnected food systems across the globe. We contribute to the ongoing debate about whether increased connectivity reduces or enhances resilience in the context of rural Pacific food systems, while examining how communities have adapted to the global shocks associated with the pandemic to ensure food security. We conducted 609 interviews across 199 coastal villages from May to October 2020 in Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Tuvalu to understand community-level impacts and adaptations during the first 5-10 months of the COVID-19 crisis. We found that local food production practices and food sharing conferred resilience, and that imported foods could aid or inhibit resilience. Communities in countries more reliant on imports were almost twice as likely to report food insecurity compared to those least reliant. However, in places dealing with a concurrent cyclone, local food systems were impaired, and imported foods proved critical. Our findings suggest that policy in the Pacific should bolster sustainable local food production and practices. Pacific states should avoid becoming overly reliant on food imports, while having measures in place to support food security after disasters, supplementing locally produced and preserved foods with imported foods when necessary. Developing policies that promote resilient food systems can help prepare communities for future shocks, including those anticipated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teri Tuxson
- Locally Managed Marine Area Network International, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Stacy Jupiter
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | - Hugh Govan
- Locally Managed Marine Area Network International, Suva, Fiji
- University of the South Pacific, School of Government, Development & International Affairs, Suva, Fiji
| | | | | | - Maxine Anjiga
- Papua New Guinea Centre for Locally Managed Areas Inc., Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Jonathan Booth
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | - Tracey Boslogo
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | | | | | | | - Ana Ciriyawa
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Margaret Fox
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
- Pacific Community, Suva, Fiji
| | - Andy George
- Kosrae Conservation and Safety Organisation, Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia
| | - Hampus Eriksson
- WorldFish, Honiara, Solomon Islands
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources & Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Alec Hughes
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | - Eugene Joseph
- Locally Managed Marine Area Network of Pohnpei, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia
| | - Sean Kadannged
- Tamil Resource Conservation Trust, Yap, Federated States of Micronesia
| | | | | | | | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Stanford University, Stanford, United States
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, United States
| | - Elizah Nagombi
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | - Rebecca Omaro
- Papua New Guinea Centre for Locally Managed Areas Inc., Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Annisah Sapul
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Karen Stone
- Tamil Resource Conservation Trust, Yap, Federated States of Micronesia
| | | | | | - Caroline Vieux
- Locally Managed Marine Area Network International, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - McKenzie Waide
- Papua New Guinea Centre for Locally Managed Areas Inc., Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
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Viteri Mejía C, Rodríguez G, Tanner MK, Ramírez-González J, Moity N, Andrade S, José Barragán Paladines M, Cáceres R, Castrejón M, Pittman J. Fishing during the "new normality": social and economic changes in Galapagos small-scale fisheries due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Marit Stud 2022; 21:193-208. [PMID: 35538937 PMCID: PMC9072759 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-022-00268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The crisis caused by COVID-19 has profoundly affected human activities around the globe, and the Galapagos Islands are no exception. The impacts on this archipelago include the impairment of tourism and the loss of linkages with the Ecuadorian mainland, which has greatly impacted the local economy. The collapse of the local economy jeopardized livelihoods and food security, given that many impacts affected the food supply chain. During the crisis, the artisanal fishers of the Galapagos showed a high capacity to adapt to the diminishing demand for fish caused by the drastic drop in tourism. We observed that fishers developed strategies and initiatives by shifting roles, from being mainly tourism-oriented providers to becoming local-household food suppliers. This new role of fishers has triggered an important shift in the perception of fishers and fisheries in Galapagos by the local community. The community shifted from perceiving fisheries as a sector opposed to conservation and in conflict with the tourism sector to perceiving fisheries as the protagonist sector, which was securing fresh, high-quality protein for the human community. This study explores the socio-economic impacts and adaptations of COVID-19 on Galapagos' artisanal fisheries based on a mixed methods approach, including the analysis of fisheries datasets, interviews, surveys, and participant observation conducted during and after the lockdown. We illustrate the adaptive mechanisms developed by the sector and explore the changes, including societal perceptions regarding small-scale fisheries in the Galapagos. The research proposes strategies to enhance the Galapagos' economic recovery based on behaviors and traits shown by fishers which are considered potential assets to build-up resilience. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40152-022-00268-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Viteri Mejía
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Ecuador
| | - Michael K. Tanner
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Ecuador
| | - Jorge Ramírez-González
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Ecuador
| | - Nicolas Moity
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Ecuador
| | - Solange Andrade
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Ecuador
| | | | - Renato Cáceres
- Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | | | - Jeremy Pittman
- Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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30
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Pinheiro LM, Lupchinski Junior E, Denuncio P, Machado R. Fishing plastics: A high occurrence of marine litter in surf-zone trammel nets of Southern Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 173:112946. [PMID: 34543929 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is one of the most commonly found residues in the marine environment, which can cause several impacts. This study evaluated the interaction of marine litter with surf-zone trammel nets in Southern Brazil. Fifty fishing operations were sampled, where 4213 items were captured: 1500 discarded fish, 1384 fragments of marine litter, and 1329 utilized fishes. Plastics were the most abundant items (n = 1363), representing 98.4% of the registered marine litter, especially plastic bags (n = 1191). 94.5% of registered marine litter is considered as single-use waste. The interaction with marine litter can cause negative impacts to small-scale fisheries (e.g. economic and damage to fishing nets). We highlight the urgency in implementing actions for urban solid waste management and public policies to reduce single-use plastics and educational campaigns on the environmental theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Martins Pinheiro
- Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul (GEMARS), Torres, RS 95560-000, Brazil.
| | - Enio Lupchinski Junior
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Unidade Litoral Norte, Osório, RS 95520-000, Brazil
| | - Pablo Denuncio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350. CC1260. 7600 Mar del Plata. Argentina.; Asociación Naturalistas Geselinos, 1260 Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Machado
- Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul (GEMARS), Torres, RS 95560-000, Brazil; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Programa de pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico (PPGDS), Criciúma, SC 88806-000, Brazil
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31
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Goti-Aralucea L, Berkenhagen J, Sulanke E, Döring R. Efficiency vs resilience: The rise and fall of the German brown shrimp fishery in times of COVID 19. Mar Policy 2021; 133:104675. [PMID: 35283551 PMCID: PMC8902822 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In times of world crisis such as climate change and the COVID pandemic much has been said about the need for resilience. However, in scenarios of less concern about crisis the leading paradigm is often that of efficiency. The current study shows how efficiency might have got on the way of achieving the necessary resilience to face the COVID 19. With the example of the German brown shrimp fishery in the North Sea the interaction between those two paradigms - efficiency and resilience - is shown in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic. For instance, the quest of efficiency for rationalisation may reduce the resources available to set aside buffers to resist shocks, and the standardisation key to efficiency may also hinder more diversity and hence open innovation for solutions to the crisis, all characteristics of resilient organisations. By making use of a literature review including peer reviewed, grey literature and web media as well as of interviews with experts and quantitative data the value chain of the German brown shrimp fishery is analysed under the conceptual framework of organisational resilience. RESULTS show that, despite being more oriented towards efficiency, the German fleets does not show particularly good results in selected efficiency indicators. Additionally, key stages of the value chain as processing and commercialisation together with the investment strategy fail to present some commonly accepted components of resilient organisations, such as redundancy, flexibility, adaptability, diversity, prudence and embeddedness. Despite developments in the direction of sustainability with the MSC certification, the German fleet should pay attention to its capacity to face disturbances, which should be supported by a more long-term, targeted, resilience-oriented policy support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Goti-Aralucea
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstrasse 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jörg Berkenhagen
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstrasse 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Erik Sulanke
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstrasse 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ralf Döring
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstrasse 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
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32
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Sowman M, Sunde J, Pereira T, Snow B, Mbatha P, James A. Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa. Mar Policy 2021; 133:104713. [PMID: 34608349 PMCID: PMC8479870 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the pre-existing vulnerability of the small-scale fisheries sector in South Africa and exposed the structural inequalities and ongoing injustices facing this sector. The failures within the fisheries governance and management system linked to the slow pace of implementing the Small-scale Fisheries Policy of 2012, have further exacerbated their vulnerability. This paper explores the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the small-scale fisheries sector and exposes how governance failures within the fisheries sector have increased their vulnerability. Restrictions on fishing activities and mobility, closure of conservation areas, unfair fines and arrests, loss of markets and barriers to sale of fish products as well as lack of access to water, have had significant impacts on small-scale fishers and coastal communities. The lack of social protection and the limited emergency relief provided by government further exacerbated their precarious position. Despite their vulnerability, fishers have demonstrated a measure of resilience, supporting those in need with food, lobbying government to amend restrictions and recognise their rights, and challenging efforts to fast-track development and exclude their voices. The crisis has highlighted an urgent need for broad, national level transformation to deal with the poverty and injustices facing poor coastal communities, as well as fisheries-specific policy reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sowman
- University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Sunde
- University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - B Snow
- Strathclyde University, Scotland
| | - P Mbatha
- University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A James
- Rhodes University, South Africa
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Fernando D, Stewart JD. High bycatch rates of manta and devil rays in the "small-scale" artisanal fisheries of Sri Lanka. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11994. [PMID: 34589295 PMCID: PMC8434810 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expanding fisheries in developing nations like Sri Lanka have a significant impact on threatened marine species such as elasmobranchs. Manta and devil (mobulid) rays have some of the most conservative life history strategies of any elasmobranch, and even low to moderate levels of bycatch from gillnet fisheries may lead to significant population declines. A lack of information on life history, demographics, population trends, and fisheries impacts hinders effective management measures for these species. Method We report on mobulid fishery landings over nine years between 2011 and 2020 across 38 landing sites in Sri Lanka. We collected data on catch numbers, body sizes, sex, and maturity status for five mobulid species. We used a Bayesian state-space model to estimate monthly country-wide catch rates and total annual landings of mobulid rays. We used catch curve analyses to estimate total mortality for Mobula mobular, and evaluated trends in recorded body sizes across the study period for M. mobular, M. birostris, M. tarapacana and M. thurstoni. Results We find that catch rates have declined an order of magnitude for all species across the study period, and that total annual captures of mobulid rays by the Sri Lankan artisanal fishing fleet exceed the estimated annual captures of mobulids in all global, industrial purse seine fisheries combined. Catch curve analyses suggest that M. mobular is being fished at rates far above the species' intrinsic population growth rate, and the average sizes of all mobulids in the fishery except for M. birostris are declining. Collectively, these findings suggest overfishing of mobulid ray populations in the northern Indian Ocean by Sri Lankan artisanal fisheries. We recommend strengthening the management of these species through improved implementation of CITES, CMS, and regional fisheries management actions. In addition, we report on the demographic characteristics of mobulids landed in Sri Lanka and provide the first record of M. eregoodoo in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernando
- Blue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka.,The Manta Trust, Dorchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Le Brenne V, Bisiaux L, Le Manach F. Sustainable objectives and commitments deceived by fisheries subsidies for 'temporary cessations' in times of COVID. Mar Policy 2021; 132:104670. [PMID: 34602715 PMCID: PMC8462790 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The European Commission launched the Coronavirus Response Investment Initiatives in March 2020, which aimed to help European economic actors, including the fishing sector, to cope with the COVID-19 crisis. This initiative was translated into French law in April 2020, through a decree laying down conditions for obtaining temporary cessation subsidies. Here, we demonstrate that, in stark contradiction with the European Union's international commitments and binding objectives, France allocated this fund in a way that mostly benefited large-scale, high-impact fisheries. In particular, we show that seven companies/groups received 28.5% of all subsidies, for only 53 vessels, i.e. 0.8% of the French fleet. We also show that vessels smaller than 12 m and operating lower impact, 'passive' gears only accounted for 8.7% of subsidies although they account for 74.5% of the French fleet. In contrast, vessels larger than 12 m (and up to 89.4 m) and operating higher impact, 'active' gears captured 70.5% of all subsidies, although they only account for 10.7% of the fleet. These results support the fact that despite celebrated commitments and objectives aiming to support low impact, coastal communities and to rebuild thriving marine ecosystems - including during the COVID-19 crisis - a key fishing state such as France keeps implementing policies that are tailored by and for the most powerful companies and impactful fishing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Le Brenne
- BLOOM, 62 bis avenue Parmentier, 75011 Paris, France
- Department of Political Science, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris 75005, France
- The European Centre For Sociology and Political Science (CESSP), Paris 75005, France
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Lopez-Ercilla I, Espinosa-Romero MJ, Fernandez Rivera-Melo FJ, Fulton S, Fernández R, Torre J, Acevedo-Rosas A, Hernández-Velasco AJ, Amador I. The voice of Mexican small-scale fishers in times of COVID-19: Impacts, responses, and digital divide. Mar Policy 2021; 131:104606. [PMID: 36313928 PMCID: PMC9587762 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically, quickly, and extensively affected fisheries, the effects of which have yet to be quantified globally, although some efforts have already been made locally and regionally. This study provides insights regarding the impacts of the pandemic in Mexican small-scale fisheries, explores community responses and digital divide. A total of 1493 interviews were conducted, and a social media analysis that reviewed 9079 posts from April to December 2020 was performed. The results show large socio-economic and environmental impacts (e.g. 89% of the markets closed in April, and 72% of respondents perceived an increase in the amount of solid waste). Women have faced increased inequalities when accessing fishing resources or healthcare. Responses have been varied and include closing communities, and fishing organizations distributing emergency funds. Fishers relate feeling very or moderately comfortable with technology and have spent more time using digital platforms during the pandemic than before. While the effects are still unfolding, there is an urgent need to breach the digital divide to guarantee equal opportunities for all. Efforts are needed to ensure that the most vulnerable groups (e.g. women, indigenous people, and elderly individuals) are not excluded from opportunities to access, use or manage resources, including technology. This global crisis may also bring opportunities for adaptation and the implementation of local solutions (e.g. reducing the fishing effort for high-value products), to prepare for future shocks. The findings in this study serve to promote development strategies that build resilience in fishing communities for healthier oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lopez-Ercilla
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C., Isla del Peruano 215, Guaymas 85448, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | | | - Stuart Fulton
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C., Isla del Peruano 215, Guaymas 85448, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Fernández
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C., Isla del Peruano 215, Guaymas 85448, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jorge Torre
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C., Isla del Peruano 215, Guaymas 85448, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Araceli Acevedo-Rosas
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C., Isla del Peruano 215, Guaymas 85448, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Imelda Amador
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C., Isla del Peruano 215, Guaymas 85448, Sonora, Mexico
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Abstract
The onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020 led to a dramatic rise in unemployment and fears about food-security throughout the Caribbean region. Subsistence fisheries were one of the few activities permitted during emergency lockdown in The Bahamas, leading many to turn to the sea for food. Detailed monitoring of a small-scale subsistence fishery for queen conch was undertaken during the implementation of coronavirus emergency control measures over a period of twelve weeks. Weekly landings data showed a surge in fishing during the first three weeks where landings were 3.4 times higher than subsequent weeks. Overall 90% of the catch was below the minimum legal-size threshold and individual yield declined by 22% during the lockdown period. This study highlights the role of small-scale fisheries as a ‘natural insurance’ against socio-economic shocks and a source of resilience for small island communities at times of crisis. It also underscores the risks to food security and long-term sustainability of fishery stocks posed by overexploitation of natural resources.
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Bassett HR, Lau J, Giordano C, Suri SK, Advani S, Sharan S. Preliminary lessons from COVID-19 disruptions of small-scale fishery supply chains. World Dev 2021; 143:105473. [PMID: 36567900 PMCID: PMC9758721 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation measures have disrupted global systems that support the health, food and nutrition security, and livelihoods of billions of people. These disruptions have likewise affected the small-scale fishery (SSF) sector, disrupting SSF supply chains and exposing weaknesses in the global seafood distribution system. To inform future development of adaptive capacity and resilience in the sector, it is important to understand how supply chain actors are responding in the face of a macroeconomic shock. Comparing across seven SSF case studies in four countries, we explore how actors are responding to COVID-19 disruptions, identify constraints to adaptive responses, and describe patterns of disruption and response across cases. In all cases examined, actors shifted focus to local and regional distribution channels and particularly drew on flexibility, organization, and learning to re-purpose pre-existing networks and use technology to their advantage. Key constraints to reaching domestic consumers included domestic restrictions on movement and labor, reduced spending power amongst domestic consumers, and lack of existing distribution channels. In addition, the lack of recognition of SSFs as essential food-producers and inequities in access to technology hampered efforts to continue local seafood supply. We suggest that the initial impacts from COVID-19 highlight the risks in of over-reliance on global trade networks. The SSFs that were able to change strategies most successfully had local organizations and connections in place that they leveraged in innovative ways. As such, supporting local and domestic networks and flexible organizations within the supply chain may help build resilience in the face of future macroeconomic shocks. Importantly, bolstering financial wellbeing and security within the domestic market both before and during such large-scale disruptions is crucial for supporting ongoing supply chain operations and continued food provision during macroeconomic crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Bassett
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lau
- ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- WorldFish, Batu Maung, Malaysia
| | | | - Sharon K Suri
- Department of Anthropology and Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies, Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sahir Advani
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Dakshin Foundation, Bengaluru, India
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Sunny AR, Sazzad SA, Prodhan SH, Ashrafuzzaman M, Datta GC, Sarker AK, Rahman M, Mithun MH. Assessing impacts of COVID-19 on aquatic food system and small-scale fisheries in Bangladesh. Mar Policy 2021; 126:104422. [PMID: 33568881 PMCID: PMC7862024 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is now a major global health crisis, can lead to severe food crisis unless proper measures are taken. Though a number of scientific studies have addressed the possible impacts of COVID-19 in Bangladesh on variety of issues, problems and food crises associated with aquatic resources and communities are missing. Therefore, this study aimed at bridging the gap in the existing situation and challenges of COVID-19 by linking its impact on aquatic food sector and small-scale fisheries with dependent population. The study was conducted based on secondary data analysis and primary fieldwork. Secondary data focused on COVID-19 overview and number of confirmed, recovered and death cases in Bangladesh; at the same time its connection with small-scale fisheries, aquatic food production, demand and supply was analyzed. Community perceptions were elicited to present how the changes felt and how they affected aquatic food system and small-scale fisheries and found devastating impact. Sudden illness, reduced income, complication to start production and input collection, labor crisis, transportation abstraction, complexity in food supply, weak value chain, low consumer demand, rising commodity prices, creditor's pressure were identified as the primary affecting drivers. Dependent people felt the measures taken by the Government should be based on protecting both the health and food security. Scope of alternative income generating opportunities, rationing system, training and motivational program could improve the situation. The study provides insight into policies adopted by the policy makers to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on aquatic food sector and small-scale fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqur Rahman Sunny
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Suchana Project, WorldFish, Bangladesh Office, House# 22B, Road# 07, Block-F, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharif Ahmed Sazzad
- Research Officer, Pathfinder Agro and Fisheries Consultation Center, Bangladesh
- Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsul Haque Prodhan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashrafuzzaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Gopal Chandra Datta
- Suchana Project, WorldFish, Bangladesh Office, House# 22B, Road# 07, Block-F, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashoke Kumar Sarker
- Suchana Project, WorldFish, Bangladesh Office, House# 22B, Road# 07, Block-F, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Mithun
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh
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Pellowe KE, Leslie HM. Ecosystem service lens reveals diverse community values of small-scale fisheries. Ambio 2021; 50:586-600. [PMID: 33141400 PMCID: PMC7882666 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ocean provides benefits to coastal communities around the world, however, the depth and complexity of people's interactions with marine ecosystems are not well represented in many marine management initiatives. Many fisheries are managed to maximize provisioning value, which is readily quantified, while ignoring cultural values. An ecosystem services approach that includes both provisioning and cultural services will enable managers to better account for the diverse values marine fisheries provide to coastal communities. In this study, we assess community values related to a top fished species, the Mexican chocolate clam, Megapitaria squalida, in Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico. We conducted an exploratory analysis based on 42 household surveys, and found that community members perceive multiple provisioning and cultural benefits from the clam, including community economic, historical, and identity values. Despite reporting infrequent harvest and consumption of clams, participants perceive the species as an important part of community identity, highlighting the role of Mexican chocolate clams as a cultural keystone species in the Loreto region. Fisheries management that recognizes the full range of ecosystem services a species contributes to coastal communities will be better equipped to sustain these diverse values into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara E. Pellowe
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, 193 Clarks Cove Road, Walpole, ME 04573 USA
| | - Heather M. Leslie
- Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, 193 Clarks Cove Road, Walpole, ME 04573 USA
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, MA 04469 USA
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MacKeracher T, Mizrahi M, Bergseth B, Maung KMC, Khine ZL, Phyu ET, Simpfendorfer CA, Diedrich A. Understanding non-compliance in small-scale fisheries: Shark fishing in Myanmar's Myeik Archipelago. Ambio 2021; 50:572-585. [PMID: 33079371 PMCID: PMC7882651 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Achieving fisheries compliance is challenging in contexts where enforcement capacity is limited and the incentives for rule-breaking are strong. This challenge is exemplified in Myanmar, where an active shark fishery exists despite a nationwide ban on targeted shark fishing. We used the Kipling method (5W1H) to gather a complete story of non-compliance in five small-scale fishing communities in the Myeik Archipelago. Among 144 fishers surveyed, 49% were aware of the nationwide ban. Shark fishers (24%) tended to be younger individuals who did not own a boat and perceived shark fishing to be prevalent. Compliant fishers were motivated by a fear of sharks and lack of capacity (equipment, knowledge), whereas food and income were cited as key motivations for non-compliance. The results of our study emphasize that in resource-dependent communities, improving compliance for effective shark conservation may require addressing broader issues of poverty, food security and the lack of alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy MacKeracher
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Me'ira Mizrahi
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries & Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Brock Bergseth
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Khin May Chit Maung
- Marine Science Department, Myeik University, Myeik, Thanintharyi Region, Myanmar
| | - Zin Lin Khine
- Marine Science Department, Myeik University, Myeik, Thanintharyi Region, Myanmar
| | - Ei Thal Phyu
- Marine Science Department, Myeik University, Myeik, Thanintharyi Region, Myanmar
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries & Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Amy Diedrich
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries & Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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Gibson E, Stacey N, Sunderland TCH, Adhuri DS. Coping or adapting? Experiences of food and nutrition insecurity in specialised fishing households in Komodo District, eastern Indonesia. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:355. [PMID: 33588828 PMCID: PMC7885255 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition of the need for fish to be better integrated into nutrition-sensitive strategies for addressing malnutrition. Fish are overwhelmingly produced by the small-scale sector, which supports food and nutrition security directly through the provision of fish and indirectly through the generation of income which can be used to purchase other desired foods. However, there has been relatively little research on the extent of food and nutrition security in specialised fishing communities. This study assessed food and nutrition security among households in specialised fishing communities in Komodo District, eastern Indonesia. METHODS We assessed the seasonal nutrition quality of household diets using the Food Consumption Score for nutritional analysis and food insecurity using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale in 66 households across three communities, using a modified cluster sampling strategy. We calculated and generated descriptive statistics for these indicators with Microsoft Excel and ran a logistic generalized linear mixed model to determine factors associated with severe food insecurity using SPSS. We used semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to understand perceptions of, change over time, and strategies for dealing with food shortfalls. RESULTS While most households have acceptable access to nutritious foods, especially protein and heme iron-rich foods, nearly one half of households consumed vitamin A rich foods on less than 3 days of the 7-day recall period in either season. More than half of households reported experiencing a moderate or severe level of food insecurity, with higher food insecurity in the wet season. Low maternal education (OR: 3.8, 95%CI 1.5-9.9) and lower household wealth (OR: 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.9) were found to be associated with a severe level of food insecurity. Household's consumptive and non-consumptive response strategies reflect adaptation to chronic food insecurity but are nutritionally and economically unsustainable. CONCLUSION Households in specialised fishing communities in Komodo District consumed diets with low diversity and experienced high levels of food insecurity. There is a need for culturally-appropriate nutrition-sensitive strategies to enhance food and nutrition security in vulnerable fishing communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gibson
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Natasha Stacey
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Terry C. H. Sunderland
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Colombia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dedi S. Adhuri
- Research Centre for Society and Culture, Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Jl.Jend Gatot Subroto 10, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Munguia-Vega A, Weaver AH, Domínguez-Contreras JF, Peckham H. Multiple drivers behind mislabeling of fish from artisanal fisheries in La Paz, Mexico. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10750. [PMID: 33575131 PMCID: PMC7849509 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seafood mislabeling has the potential to mask changes in the supply of species due to overfishing, while also preventing consumers from making informed choices about the origin, quality and sustainability of their food. Thus, there is a need to understand mislabeling and analyze the potential causes behind it to propose solutions. We conducted a COI DNA barcoding study in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, with 74 samples from fish markets and 50 samples from restaurants. We identified 38 species sold under 19 commercial names, from which at least ∼80% came from local small-scale fisheries. Overall, 49 samples, representing 40% (95% CI [31.4-48.3]) were considered mislabeled in our samples. Based on analyses where species were assigned to three price categories, economic incentives were associated with approximately half of the mislabeling events observed, suggesting that other motivating factors might simultaneously be at play. Using a network approach to describe both mislabeling (when species are mislabeled as the focal species) and substitution (when the focal species is used as substitute for others), we calculated proxies for the net availability of each species in the market. We found that local fish landings were a significant predictor of the net availability of the 10 most important commercial species at retail, but this true availability was masked to the eyes of the final consumer by both mislabeling and substitution. We hypothesize that the level of supply of each species could help explain mislabeling and substitution rates, where species in low supply and high demand could show higher mislabeling rates and rarely be used as substitutes, while species in high supply and low demand could be used as substitutes for the preferred species. Other factors affecting mislabeling include national regulations that restrict the fishing or commercialization of certain species and local and global campaigns that discourage specific patterns of consumption. We discuss how these factors might influence mislabeling and propose some solutions related to communication and education efforts to this local and global challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Munguia-Vega
- Conservation Genetics Laboratory and Desert Laboratory on Tumamoc Hill, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,@ Lab Applied Genomics, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Amy Hudson Weaver
- Sociedad de Historia Natural Niparajá A.C., La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | | | - Hoyt Peckham
- Ocean Outcomes, Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
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Domínguez R, Olabarria C, Woodin SA, Wethey DS, Peteiro LG, Macho G, Vázquez E. Contrasting responsiveness of four ecologically and economically important bivalves to simulated heat waves. Mar Environ Res 2021; 164:105229. [PMID: 33316606 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat waves are expected to increase in duration and frequency, impacting coastal ecosystems, especially intertidal organisms living near their thermal tolerance limits. Sedentary infaunal species are limited to some extent in escapes from sudden temperature changes, rather modifications to their physiology and behaviour are expected. This may lead to strong ecological and economic impacts on commercial bivalve species, such as Venerupis corrugata, Ruditapes decussatus, the introduced Ruditapes philippinarum and Cerastoderma edule, the most relevant in NW Spain. We investigated lethal and sublethal effects of heat during low tide on these species in the laboratory. Summer temperatures experienced within field, shallow sediments at approximately 2 cm depth i.e. 20 °C (control), 27 °C, 32 °C, and 37 °C, were replicated during four consecutive days and the diffusion of heat at the burrowing depth of each species was estimated; temperature exposure was expressed as degree hours above 22 °C. After two days of tidal exposure, C. edule and V. corrugata suffered significant mortalities, and also the most dramatic decrease in scope for growth (SFG) as well as reduction in burrowing activity. After four days under stress, all species had negative SFG. On recovery, species showed compensation at longer exposures, particularly C. edule. These effects of temperature on mortality, growth potential and burrowing ability may increase the time to achieve commercial size and exposure to predation. Particularly, V. corrugata, with a center of distribution lower in the intertidal and subtidal, and C. edule, shallower in the sediment, may be the most affected. Clearly the intensity and frequency of heat waves will affect these key species in the intertidal sediment flats changing ecosystem functioning and fisheries management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias Do Mar, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Celia Olabarria
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias Do Mar, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sarah A Woodin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - David S Wethey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Laura G Peteiro
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias Do Mar, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331, Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/ Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Macho
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias Do Mar, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elsa Vázquez
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias Do Mar, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331, Vigo, Spain
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Campbell SJ, Jakub R, Valdivia A, Setiawan H, Setiawan A, Cox C, Kiyo A, Darman, Djafar LF, Rosa EDL, Suherfian W, Yuliani A, Kushardanto H, Muawanah U, Rukma A, Alimi T, Box S. Immediate impact of COVID-19 across tropical small-scale fishing communities. Ocean Coast Manag 2021; 200:105485. [PMID: 37131339 PMCID: PMC10140237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The volume and value of fish catches by Indonesia's small-scale fisheries have declined significantly since national government restrictions on travel and social distancing were imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a digital data collection system (OurFish), that records purchases by fish traders from small-scale fishers, data was collected across 82 coastal communities in Southeast Sulawesi. We found that the number of active fishers and traders declined by more than 90% after the onset of the pandemic and the average weight of catch per fishing trip increased across fishers. Although the average price per kilogram of fish declined after the pandemic began, fishers that were able to maintain fishing had on average higher catches and therefore daily catch value was maintained. High value fisheries that usually enter export supply chains were more negatively impacted compared with lower value species that are commonly sold to local markets. We interviewed 185 small scale fishers and fish traders across 20 of the 82 communities in Southeast Sulawesi province, recording the perceived level of impact on local fisheries and the fish trade, causes of this impact and proposed coping strategies. Over 50% of both fishers and fish traders believed low demand for fish from traders and a decline in the price received for fish were disrupting their lives. Approximately 75% of both male and female fishers are coping by continuing to fish, highlighting that there were few alternative livelihoods available at the time of the interviews. Our results provide key insights into the vulnerability of small-scale fishing communities to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Campbell
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Raymond Jakub
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Abel Valdivia
- Rare, 1310 N Courthouse Rd Suite 110, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA
| | - Haris Setiawan
- Rare Southeast Sulawesi, Jl. Sao Sao No.6, BTN 1, Bende, Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, 93117, Indonesia
| | - Agus Setiawan
- Rare Southeast Sulawesi, Jl. Sao Sao No.6, BTN 1, Bende, Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, 93117, Indonesia
| | - Courtney Cox
- Rare, 1310 N Courthouse Rd Suite 110, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA
| | - Askabul Kiyo
- Marine and Fisheries Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province, Jl. Balai Kota No. 4, Mandonga, Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, 93111, Indonesia
| | - Darman
- Wakatobi National Park Office, Jl. Dayanu Ikhsanuddin No. 71, Betoambari, Kota Bau-bau, Sulawesi Tenggara, 93724, Indonesia
| | - Lely Fajriah Djafar
- Marine and Fisheries Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province, Jl. Balai Kota No. 4, Mandonga, Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, 93111, Indonesia
| | - Emilio de la Rosa
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Wahid Suherfian
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Ade Yuliani
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Hari Kushardanto
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Umi Muawanah
- Agency of Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources Development, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Arwandrija Rukma
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Taufiq Alimi
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Stephen Box
- Rare, 1310 N Courthouse Rd Suite 110, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA
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Pittman J, Tam JC, Epstein G, Chan C, Armitage D. Governing offshore fish aggregating devices in the Eastern Caribbean: Exploring trade-offs using a qualitative network model. Ambio 2020; 49:2038-2051. [PMID: 32385809 PMCID: PMC7568740 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of moored Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) in small-scale fisheries is a potential solution to food security concerns, economic development needs, and the overexploitation of nearshore coastal fisheries in the Eastern Caribbean. However, moored FADs also generate novel and largely unstudied governance challenges involving (1) the provisioning of FADs, (2) fisheries resource appropriation, (3) human wellbeing, and (4) food web impacts. We examine the relative performance of three governance scenarios to address these challenges: private-individual, community-based, and top-down governance. We construct a qualitative network model (QNM) of the fishery based on semi-structured interviews (n = 60) with fishers and fisheries managers, established food web and economic models, and expert knowledge. We simulate the social-ecological impacts of the three governance scenarios. The models suggest that community-based and top-down governance scenarios result in low levels of conflict, but provide limited incentives to develop and maintain moored FADs. The private-individual governance scenario tends to increase conflict and incentives for monitoring FADs, but has no impact on incentives for maintaining and deploying FADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Pittman
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Jamie C Tam
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Graham Epstein
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Cheryl Chan
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Derek Armitage
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Petetta A, Vasapollo C, Virgili M, Bargione G, Lucchetti A. Pots vs trammel nets: a catch comparison study in a Mediterranean small-scale fishery. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9287. [PMID: 32742763 PMCID: PMC7370935 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive bottom-set nets are the most widely used fishing gears in Mediterranean small-scale fisheries (SSFs). Trammel nets, in particular, have key advantages such as their ease of use and handling and high capture efficiency for numerous commercial species. However, they entail high discard rates (5–44% of the total catch) connected to high mortality, thus exerting an adverse impact on benthic communities, besides catching individuals of commercial species under the minimum conservation reference size (MCRS) and specimens of protected species. Fish pots are seen as alternative and a more sustainable gear type that allow reducing discards in SSFs. In this study, a collapsible pot was tested at three coastal sites in the north-western Adriatic Sea (GFCM GSA 17) to compare its catch efficiency with that of the local traditional trammel nets. Data analysis demonstrated a similar catch efficiency for the commercial species, both among sites and as a whole. Moreover, the trammel net caught a larger amount of discards, both in terms of species number and of CPUEW. The catch comparison study involved the two most abundant landed species, common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis and annular sea bream Diplodus annularis. The pots were more effective for S. officinalis, whereas the trammel net was more effective for the shorter length classes for D. annularis, which were mostly under the MCRS (12 cm). The innovative pots could provide a valuable alternative to the trammel nets traditionally used in the Adriatic Sea, at least in certain areas and periods. Their main advantages include that they do not require a different rigging and they can be used without bait, while their foldable design allows large numbers to be easily loaded on board SSF vessels. The results of this pilot study indicate that pots can achieve the objectives of reducing discards and bycatch in SSFs without penalizing the catch of commercial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petetta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudio Vasapollo
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Virgili
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Ancona, Italy
| | - Giada Bargione
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lucchetti
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Ancona, Italy
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Merder J, Browne P, Freund JA, Fullbrook L, Graham C, Johnson MP, Wieczorek A, Power AM. Density-dependent growth in 'catch-and-wait' fisheries has implications for fisheries management and Marine Protected Areas. Ambio 2020; 49:107-117. [PMID: 30852778 PMCID: PMC6889112 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stock enhancement activities provide an opportunity to examine density-dependent suppression of population biomass which is a fundamental issue for resource management and design of no-take-zones. We document 'catch-and-wait' fisheries enhancement where all but the largest lobsters are thrown back, recapturing them later after they have grown to a larger size. The residency, rate of return, and potential negative density-dependent effects of this activity are described using a combination of tagging and v-notching and by relating spatial growth patterns to population density defined with Catch Per Unit Effort. The results successfully demonstrated the concept of catch-and-wait practices. However, a density-dependent suppression of growth (in body size) was observed in male lobsters. This demonstrates a mechanism to explain differences in lobster sizes previously observed across EU fishing grounds with different stock densities. This negative effect of density could also affect individual biomass production in marine reserve or no-take zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Merder
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Lower Saxony Germany
| | - Patricia Browne
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jan A. Freund
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Lower Saxony Germany
| | - Liam Fullbrook
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Conor Graham
- Marine & Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mark P. Johnson
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alina Wieczorek
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Power
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Begossi A, Salyvonchyk S, Glamuzina B, de Souza SP, Lopes PFM, Priolli RHG, do Prado DO, Ramires M, Clauzet M, Zapelini C, Schneider DT, Silva LT, Silvano RAM. Fishers and groupers (Epinephelus marginatus and E. morio) in the coast of Brazil: integrating information for conservation. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2019; 15:53. [PMID: 31694660 PMCID: PMC6836445 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-019-0331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Groupers are a vulnerable but economically important group of fish, especially for small-scale fisheries. We investigated catches and local ecological knowledge (LEK) of diet, habitat, and past fishing experiences. METHODS Landings, prices, interviews, and restaurants demand for two species, Epinephelus marginatus (dusky grouper) and Epinephelus morio (red grouper), were registered. RESULTS We visited 74 markets and 79 sites on the coast of Brazil in 2017-2018, and we interviewed 71 fishers: Bahia (NE), Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (SE), and Santa Catarina (S). The landings sampled of dusky grouper (2016-2017) in Rio de Janeiro were: n = 222, size 38-109 cm, weight 1-24 kg, average 3.84 kg; in São Paulo, São Sebastião were: n = 47, size 39-106 cm, weight 2-8 kg, average of 2.77 kg; and at Santos: n = 80, 26-120 cm, weight 0.36-15 kg, average 2.72 kg. Red grouper was observed in markets in the northeastern Brazil. We did not observe Epinephelus marginatus from Bahia northward; a maximum size of 200 cm was reported south of the Bahia, besides Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo coasts, 20 years ago (or longer) by 12 fishers. Local knowledge of fishers was important for grouper data of habitat and diet; the reproduction period was identified by fishers as September to March. CONCLUSIONS Groupers can be considered as a cultural and ecological keystone species. We suggest protective measures: 1) fishing zoning, 2) islands (MPAs) with the surveillance of fishers, 3) late Spring and early Summer as key periods for management (grouper reproduction), 4) studies on grouper larvae, 5) mapping of fishing spots, 6) studies on local knowledge. Collaboration with small-scale fishers and local knowledge could contribute to low-conflict management measures. In that regard, integrative models of management from Latin America, by using local knowledge and citizen science, could produce successful grouper management for Brazilian data-poor fisheries, a contrasting reality to the Mediterranean areas. Finally, the distribution of E. marginatus in Brazil leave us with questions: a) Have dusky groupers disappeared from Bahia because of a decline in the population? b) Was it uncommon in Northeast Brazil? c) Did changes in water temperatures forced a movement southward?
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpina Begossi
- Fisheries and Food Institute, FIFO (www.fisheriesandfood.com), Santos, Brazil.
- Nepa, Capesca, UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 291, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-852, Brazil.
- PPG Ecomar, UNISANTA, R. Cesário Mota 08, Santos, SP, CEP: 11045-040, Brazil.
| | - Svetlana Salyvonchyk
- Fisheries and Food Institute, FIFO (www.fisheriesandfood.com), Santos, Brazil
- Institute for Nature Management National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 10 Skaryna Street, 220114, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Branko Glamuzina
- Fisheries and Food Institute, FIFO (www.fisheriesandfood.com), Santos, Brazil
- Department of Aquaculture, University of Dubrovnik, 20207, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Shirley Pacheco de Souza
- Fisheries and Food Institute, FIFO (www.fisheriesandfood.com), Santos, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, Caraguatatuba, SP, 11667, Brazil
| | - Priscila F M Lopes
- Fisheries and Food Institute, FIFO (www.fisheriesandfood.com), Santos, Brazil
- Department of Ecology, Fishing Ecology, Management, and Economics group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Regina H G Priolli
- Fisheries and Food Institute, FIFO (www.fisheriesandfood.com), Santos, Brazil
- Nepa, Capesca, UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 291, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-852, Brazil
- PPG Ecomar, UNISANTA, R. Cesário Mota 08, Santos, SP, CEP: 11045-040, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Ramires
- Fisheries and Food Institute, FIFO (www.fisheriesandfood.com), Santos, Brazil
- PPG Ecomar, UNISANTA, R. Cesário Mota 08, Santos, SP, CEP: 11045-040, Brazil
| | - Mariana Clauzet
- Fisheries and Food Institute, FIFO (www.fisheriesandfood.com), Santos, Brazil
- PPED, IE, UFRJ, Av. Pasteur 250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 22.290-902, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Zapelini
- Ethnoconservation and Protected Areas Lab (LECAP), Collaborator researcher of Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Aquáticos Tropicais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Daiana T Schneider
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, CP:15007, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Luis T Silva
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, CP:15007, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Renato A M Silvano
- Fisheries and Food Institute, FIFO (www.fisheriesandfood.com), Santos, Brazil
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, CP:15007, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91501-970, Brazil
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Léopold M, Thébaud O, Charles A. The dynamics of institutional innovation: Crafting co-management in small-scale fisheries through action research. J Environ Manage 2019; 237:187-199. [PMID: 30798038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the dynamics of institutional development and co-management performance in small-scale fisheries. The study covers different contexts and spatial and temporal scales, for nine case studies in the South Pacific. In these cases, new co-management institutions were intentionally set up from 2008 to 2016 through fishery policy intervention to address over-exploitation problems of sea cucumber resources. This was carried out in a process of adaptive experimentation, based on a collaborative and problem-solving approach to governance, and a context-based vision of sustainability issues. In order to quantitatively and empirically assess change in governance within and between cases, a multidimensional analytical framework of governance performance is developed. A set of governance performance criteria is defined and the criteria are scored using data from an institutional diagnosis of the cases, throughout the research period. Ten out of eleven criteria were positively impacted by the co-management interventions. Three institutional development trajectories can be identified for the fishery co-management building process, involving a range of gradual and abrupt changes. Consolidation of the institutional changes achieved by the interventions is required to successfully develop the resilience of the fishing systems to multiple stresses. This empirical study provides a methodology for systematically assessing institutional dynamics in fisheries, and in particular the crafting and sustaining of co-management regimes in small-scale fisheries. The approach could potentially be applied to other complex social-ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Léopold
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR ENTROPIE, IRD-Université La Réunion-CNRS, BPA5, 98800, Nouméa, New Caledonia; Government Fisheries Department, Port-Vila, Vanuatu.
| | | | - Anthony Charles
- School of the Environment and School of Business, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada
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Borland ME, Bailey M. Benchmarking data of the Fair Trade USA Capture Fisheries Standard and the Marine Stewardship Council Fisheries Standard against the Food and Agricultural Organization's Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries. Data Brief 2019; 24:103850. [PMID: 31193379 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents data associated with the benchmarking of the Fair Trade USA (FT USA) Capture Fisheries Standard and the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) Fisheries Standard against the Food and Agriculture Organization's Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradiation (FAO Voluntary Guidelines). Benchmarking was used to determine the extent to which these standards, which promote sustainability in different ways, align with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines. The data represent a comprehensive analysis of these standards and are useful for beginning to understand the appropriateness of these standards for small-scale fisheries in developing regions of the world. For further interpretation and discussion please see “A tale of two standards: A case study of the Fair Trade USA certified Maluku handline yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) fishery” [1].
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