1
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House J, Kleiber D, Steenbergen DJ, Stacey N. Participatory monitoring in community-based fisheries management through a gender lens. Ambio 2023; 52:300-318. [PMID: 36125700 PMCID: PMC9755429 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In small-scale fisheries management, the significance of participation is widely recognised but we are still learning how this can be better operationalised to include different groups, such as women or Indigenous peoples. Participatory monitoring is one tool which has been used to increase participation in fisheries management. The aim of this review is to use critical interpretive synthesis to examine the literature on participatory monitoring within community-based fisheries management from a gender perspective. The synthesis identified and discussed several key areas: reasons presented in the literature for engaging with the themes of gender or participatory monitoring, gendered aspects of participatory monitoring, knowledge valuation and prioritisation in management, replicability and transparency of programme or research methods, and marginalisation narratives. Our findings show the complexities of conducting gender-aware participatory monitoring. Participatory monitoring has the potential to be a transformative and empowering process if the power dynamics involved are considered and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny House
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810 Australia
| | - Danika Kleiber
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA
| | - Dirk J. Steenbergen
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Natasha Stacey
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810 Australia
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2
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Schacht K, Voss R. German fishery's adaptation to historic events, Western Baltic Sea, 1890-1950. Ambio 2023; 52:155-170. [PMID: 36136262 PMCID: PMC9666574 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01768-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine social-ecological systems (SES) have been providing important cultural, social, and economic services for many centuries. They are, however, increasingly threatened by fast changing environmental, ecological, and socio-economic conditions. As historical marine research is increasingly developing into a multidisciplinary endeavour, it offers outstanding points of departure to analyse historic events and the response and adaptation of the respective SES. Such knowledge helps to inform today's fisheries management and promotes successful management of changing ecosystems. Here, we compile and analyse historical data (1890-1950) of the German Western Baltic Sea fishery SES. This period is characterised by a series of strong impacts due to political, technological, economic, and ecological changes, such as two world wars, a global economic crisis, and other economic or ecological disasters. In our opinion, potential negative effects of those events were in the past attenuated by the system's high capacity to adapt. However, most of the fishers´ historic options on how to respond and adapt have recently become no longer available. New threats (e.g. climate change) have emerged instead. We conclude that today's fisheries management needs to integrate options of adaptation by exhausting all present or future opportunities. Adaptive fisheries management should not only focus on environmental change but need to include socio-economic change as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Schacht
- Biodiversity Economics, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- WWF Germany, International WWF-Center for Marine Conservation, Moenckebergstr. 27, 20095 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudi Voss
- Biodiversity Economics, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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3
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Wang B, Han L, Zhang H. Analysis on the structure effect of marine fishery total factor productivity under high-quality development in China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259853. [PMID: 34818668 PMCID: PMC8612771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving total factor productivity (TFP) is the source of power for high-quality development. Industrial structure optimization is an important way to improve TFP. This paper constructed an econometric model of industry structure changes impacting on TFP in the marine fisheries and conducted an empirical test and analysis. The results showed that the industry rationalization, softening and processing coefficient of marine fishery had a significant "structural dividend" for improving its TFP; while the impact of industrial structure advancement and aquaculture-catching structure changes did not have "structural dividend", but it could be a combination of other factors to reduce these adverse effects.We believe that simply pursuing the advanced evolution of the industrial structure is not conducive to sustainable development of fishery. Under the pursuit of the rationalization of the marine fishery industry structure, by promoting the coordinated evolution of marine fisheries advancement, aquaculture-catching structure and other factors, the "structural dividend" effect can be enhanced and the fishery can achieve sustainable development. Finally, it proposed to promote the development of advancement and rationalization of marine fishery industry structure coordinately, adjust fishery science and technology transformation direction and key points, and accelerate the development of intensive processing industry by cross-border integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- School of Economic and Management, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Limin Han
- Management College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Shandong Foreign Trade Vocational College, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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4
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Schar D, Zhao C, Wang Y, Larsson DGJ, Gilbert M, Van Boeckel TP. Twenty-year trends in antimicrobial resistance from aquaculture and fisheries in Asia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5384. [PMID: 34508079 PMCID: PMC8433129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to human and animal health. However, in aquatic animals-the fastest growing food animal sector globally-AMR trends are seldom documented, particularly in Asia, which contributes two-thirds of global food fish production. Here, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of 749 point prevalence surveys reporting antibiotic-resistant bacteria from aquatic food animals in Asia, extracted from 343 articles published in 2000-2019. We find concerning levels of resistance to medically important antimicrobials in foodborne pathogens. In aquaculture, the percentage of antimicrobial compounds per survey with resistance exceeding 50% (P50) plateaued at 33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 28 to 37%] between 2000 and 2018. In fisheries, P50 decreased from 52% [95% CI 39 to 65%] to 22% [95% CI 14 to 30%]. We map AMR at 10-kilometer resolution, finding resistance hotspots along Asia's major river systems and coastal waters of China and India. Regions benefitting most from future surveillance efforts are eastern China and India. Scaling up surveillance to strengthen epidemiological evidence on AMR and inform aquaculture and fisheries interventions is needed to mitigate the impact of AMR globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schar
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marius Gilbert
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas P Van Boeckel
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Center for Diseases Dynamics, Economics, and Policy, New Delhi, India.
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5
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Bustamante C, García-Cegarra AM, Vargas-Caro C. Observations of coastal aggregations of the broadnose sevengill shark (Notorynchus cepedianus) in Chilean waters. J Fish Biol 2021; 98:870-873. [PMID: 33058146 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of four sharks was documented in coastal waters of Antofagasta (Chile) using an unmanned aerial video camera. Fishers took advantage of this aggregation to catch and sold three adult broadnose sevengill sharks Notorynchus cepedianus. Species identity was determined by using the cox1 gene. One additional video was later recorded 3000 km south of Antofagasta, and shows a large female interacting with a salmon farming facility. Shallow water records of N. cepedianus were previously undocumented in Chilean waters, yet historically have provided an opportunistic event to fishers in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bustamante
- CHALLWA, Laboratorio de Biología Pesquera, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ana M García-Cegarra
- CIFAMAC, Centro de Investigación de Fauna Marina y Avistamiento Cetáceos, Península de Mejillones, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Carolina Vargas-Caro
- CHALLWA, Laboratorio de Biología Pesquera, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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6
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Sierra Castillo L, Fujiwara M. Assessment of a small-scale fishery: Lane Snapper (Lutjanus synagris) using a length metric method. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0233479. [PMID: 33524063 PMCID: PMC7850502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-scale fisheries are hard to assess because of the limited availability of data. Therefore, a method requiring easy-to-obtain catch-data is important for the assessment and management of small-scale fisheries. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of fishing gear selectivity on a length-based metric method proposed by Froese by estimating three indicators using catch-data from Lane Snapper (Lutjanus synagris) collected in Honduras. These indicators are (1) the percentage of mature individuals in the catch, (2) the percentage of fish within the range of estimated optimal lengths to be captured, and (3) the percentage of fish larger than the optimal length. These indicators determine the level of overfishing. The indicators were estimated separately for catch-data corresponding to gill nets, and each indicator was estimated with and without selectivity correction. Selectivity and mesh sizes of the fishing gear had a major impact on the estimation of indicators 1 and 2. As for indicator 3, it consistently showed a high level of exploitation. The three estimated indicators suggested that the Lane Snapper fishery in Honduras is experiencing overfishing. Overall, the method appears to be promising for the assessment of small-scale fisheries, but it should be used cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Sierra Castillo
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Masami Fujiwara
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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7
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Abstract
Climate shocks can reorganize the social-ecological linkages in food-producing communities, leading to a sudden loss of key products in food systems. The extent and persistence of this reorganization are difficult to observe and summarize, but are critical aspects of predicting and rapidly assessing community vulnerability to extreme events. We apply network analysis to evaluate the impact of a climate shock-an unprecedented marine heatwave-on patterns of resource use in California fishing communities, which were severely affected through closures of the Dungeness crab fishery. The climate shock significantly modified flows of users between fishery resources during the closures. These modifications were predicted by pre-shock patterns of resource use and were associated with three strategies used by fishing community member vessels to respond to the closures: temporary exit from the food system, spillover of effort from the Dungeness crab fishery into other fisheries, and spatial shifts in where crab were landed. Regional differences in resource use patterns and vessel-level responses highlighted the Dungeness crab fishery as a seasonal "gilded trap" for northern California fishing communities. We also detected disparities in climate shock response based on vessel size, with larger vessels more likely to display spatial mobility. Our study demonstrates the importance of highly connected and decentralized networks of resource use in reducing the vulnerability of human communities to climate shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Fisher
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
- NSF Graduate Research Internship Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112
| | - Stephanie K Moore
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112
| | - Sunny L Jardine
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - James R Watson
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Jameal F Samhouri
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112
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8
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Santana FM, Feitosa LM, Lessa RP. From plentiful to critically endangered: Demographic evidence of the artisanal fisheries impact on the smalltail shark (Carcharhinus porosus) from Northern Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236146. [PMID: 32760084 PMCID: PMC7410310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The smalltail shark, Carcharhinus porosus, was the most abundant elasmobranch species in fisheries off Brazil’s northern coast (BNC) in the 1980s, but its population has been declining since the 1990s. For this reason, a demographic analysis is necessary to determine the extent of this decline and the fishing effect on the BNC’s population. Therefore, we performed a stochastic demographic analysis of the population in the BNC, and considered its global center of abundance. Smalltail shark specimens (n = 937) were collected with gillnets in Maranhão state, eastern BNC, in the 1980s with sizes ranging between 29.6 and 120.0 cm total length. Most of the individuals (90.6%) caught were juveniles (< 6 years-old), and the mortality and exploitation rates showed that the species was overexploited (92.3% above the fishing mortality corresponding to the population equilibrium threshold). The smalltail shark’s biological characteristics, such as slow growth and low fecundity, demonstrate that it is one of the least resilient species among similar sized coastal sharks in the region. All these factors yielded an annual decrease of 28% in the intrinsic population growth rate, resulting in a population decline of more than 90% in only 10 years, and much higher for the current period. This set of features comprising fishing recruitment occurring upon juveniles, overfishing, and intrinsically low resilience make the population unable to sustain fishing pressure and severely hamper biological recruitment, thus causing this drastic population decline. Furthermore, several local extinctions for this species in the northeastern and southeastern regions of Brazil highlight its concerning conservation scenario. Therefore, since similar fisheries characteristics occur throughout its distribution range, C. porosus fits the criteria E of the IUCN Red List for a critically endangered species and urgent conservation measures are needed to prevent its extinction in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Marcante Santana
- Laboratório de Dinâmica de Populações Aquáticas (DAQUA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada (UAST), Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Dinâmica de Populações Marinhas (DIMAR), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aqüicultura (DEPAq), Recife, PE, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonardo Manir Feitosa
- Laboratório de Dinâmica de Populações Marinhas (DIMAR), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aqüicultura (DEPAq), Recife, PE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Paula Lessa
- Laboratório de Dinâmica de Populações Marinhas (DIMAR), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aqüicultura (DEPAq), Recife, PE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
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9
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Little AG, Loughland I, Seebacher F. What do warming waters mean for fish physiology and fisheries? J Fish Biol 2020; 97:328-340. [PMID: 32441327 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental signals act primarily on physiological systems, which then influence higher-level functions such as movement patterns and population dynamics. Increases in average temperature and temperature variability associated with global climate change are likely to have strong effects on fish physiology and thereby on populations and fisheries. Here we review the principal mechanisms that transduce temperature signals and the physiological responses to those signals in fish. Temperature has a direct, thermodynamic effect on biochemical reaction rates. Nonetheless, plastic responses to longer-term thermal signals mean that fishes can modulate their acute thermal responses to compensate at least partially for thermodynamic effects. Energetics are particularly relevant for growth and movement, and therefore for fisheries, and temperature can have pronounced effects on energy metabolism. All energy (ATP) production is ultimately linked to mitochondria, and temperature has pronounced effects on mitochondrial efficiency and maximal capacities. Mitochondria are dependent on oxygen as the ultimate electron acceptor so that cardiovascular function and oxygen delivery link environmental inputs with energy metabolism. Growth efficiency, that is the conversion of food into tissue, changes with temperature, and there are indications that warmer water leads to decreased conversion efficiencies. Moreover, movement and migration of fish relies on muscle function, which is partially dependent on ATP production but also on intracellular calcium cycling within the myocyte. Neuroendocrine processes link environmental signals to regulated responses at the level of different tissues, including muscle. These physiological processes within individuals can scale up to population responses to climate change. A mechanistic understanding of thermal responses is essential to predict the vulnerability of species and populations to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Loughland
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Kockel A, Ban NC, Costa M, Dearden P. Addressing distribution equity in spatial conservation prioritization for small-scale fisheries. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233339. [PMID: 32428006 PMCID: PMC7237002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial conservation prioritization is used worldwide for designing marine protected areas (MPA) that achieve set conservation objectives with minimal impacts to marine users. People involved in small-scale fisheries (SSF) may incur negative and disproportionate impacts from implementing MPAs, yet limited available data often restricts their representation in MPA planning. Using a Philippines case study, we focus here on the systematic design of a MPA network that aims to minimize and distribute costs equitably for SSF whilst achieving representation targets for biodiversity conservation. The objectives of the study are to: (1) document a participatory mapping approach for collecting SSF data for prioritization using the local knowledge of fishers; and (2) examine how the completeness and resolution of SSF data may affect prioritization outputs in terms of biodiversity representation, spatial efficiency, and distribution equity. In the data-poor region, we conducted participatory mapping workshops with fishers in 79 communities to collect data on the spatial distribution patterns of different SSF fisheries and communities, and employed remote sensing techniques to define coastal habitats, which were targeted for inclusion in MPAs. The datasets were integrated within the decision-support tool Marxan with Zones to develop three scenarios. The SSF data incorporated in each scenario varied based on their completeness (considered all fishing methods or only dominant methods) and resolution (fishing methods itemized by community or municipality). All scenarios derived MPA plans that met representation targets with similar area coverage. The outputs, however, varied in terms of distribution equity, measured by the distribution of opportunity costs (loss of fishing grounds) across different fisheries and communities. Scenarios that did not include minority fisheries or variations between communities, led to inequitable costs. These results highlight the need to incorporate detailed data on SSF at appropriate resolutions, and how this can be achieved through participatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Kockel
- Geography Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natalie C. Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maycira Costa
- Geography Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philip Dearden
- Geography Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Fé-Gonçalves LM, Araújo JDA, Santos CHDAD, Val AL, Almeida-Val VMFD. How will farmed populations of freshwater fish deal with the extreme climate scenario in 2100? Transcriptional responses of Colossoma macropomum from two Brazilian climate regions. J Therm Biol 2020; 89:102487. [PMID: 32364997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) is an endemic fish of the Amazon and Orinoco basins, and it is the most economically important native species in Brazil being raised in five climatically distinct regions. In the face of current global warming, environmental variations in farm ponds represent additional challenges that may drive new adaptive regional genetic variations among broodstocks of tambaqui. In an experimental context based on the high-emission scenario of the 5th Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, we used two farmed tambaqui populations to test this hypothesis. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis was performed in the liver of juvenile tambaqui from northern (Balbina Experimental Station, Balbina, AM) and southeastern (Brumado Fish Farming, Mogi Mirim, SP) Brazilian regions kept for 30 days in artificial environmental rooms mimicking the current and extreme climate scenarios. Three Illumina MiSeq runs produced close to 120 million 500 bp paired-end reads; 191,139 contigs were assembled with N50 = 1595. 355 genes were differentially expressed for both populations in response to the extreme scenario. After enrichment analysis, each population presented a core set of genes to cope with climate change. Northern fish induced genes related to the cellular response to stress, activation of MAPK activity, response to unfolded protein, protein metabolism and cellular response to DNA damage stimuli. Genes biologically involved in regulating cell proliferation, protein stabilisation and protein ubiquitination for degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system were downregulated. Genes associated with biological processes, including the cellular response to stress, MAPK cascade activation, homeostatic processes and positive regulation of immune responses were upregulated in southeastern fish. The downregulated genes were related to cytoskeleton organisation, energy metabolism, and the regulation of transcription and biological rhythms. Our findings reveal the signatures of promising candidate genes involved in the regional plasticity of each population of tambaqui in dealing with upcoming climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mara Fé-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - José Deney Alves Araújo
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Professor Lúcio Martins Rodrigues Avenue, 370, 05508020, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Dos Anjos Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luis Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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12
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Tagliafico A, Butcher PA, Colefax AP, Clark GF, Kelaher BP. Variation in cownose ray Rhinoptera neglecta abundance and group size on the central east coast of Australia. J Fish Biol 2020; 96:427-433. [PMID: 31769026 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we provide baseline information about the relative abundance and group size of the Australian cownose ray Rhinoptera neglecta on the central east coast of Australia. Using drone monitoring over 2 years, we completed 293 transects, each 2 km in length, at four locations distributed along c.100 km of coast. In total, 5979 R. neglecta were observed with overall relative abundance (±SE) of, 20.4 (±3.3) individuals per transect. The numbers of R. neglecta varied among locations, with the highest density found off the beach adjacent to the river mouth at Evans Head. The number of rays observed also decreased with increasing wind speed. While some of this relationship was probably associated with visibility, R. neglecta may also move offshore during strong winds. We found no evidence that R. neglecta was under significant threat. Additionally, our cost-effective surveys demonstrate the utility of aerial drones in fisheries conservation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Tagliafico
- National Marine Science Centre and Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Paul A Butcher
- National Marine Science Centre and Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Fisheries, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Andrew P Colefax
- National Marine Science Centre and Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Graeme F Clark
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre and Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
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13
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Óskarsson GJ, Taggart CT, Stephenson RL. Variation in egg mass within two Atlantic herring Clupea harengus stocks. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:367-378. [PMID: 30900244 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate if egg size (mass) at spawning is invariant for Scotia-Fundy summer and autumn (SFSH) and Icelandic summer (ISSH) spawning herring Clupea harengus. Oocyte dry mass measurements for SFSH females collected in 2001 and ISSH females collected in 1999 and 2000 showed a large variation. Difference in egg dry mass among fish was found to vary by as much as twofold in each stock. For ISSH, variation in egg mass was also apparent from oocyte volume measurements made jointly with a histological examination of the ovaries. Approximately 20% of the variation in egg mass could be explained by maternal whole-body mass or total length, indicating that length or age composition in the stocks can potentially influence the recruitment success. This implies that fisheries management strategies should aim to maintain a broad range in age composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert L Stephenson
- Population Ecology Section, St. Andrews Biological Station, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada
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14
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Waters A. What has suddenly made fish exciting? Vet Rec 2018; 183:703. [PMID: 30552207 DOI: 10.1136/vr.k5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Althor G, Mahood S, Witt B, Colvin RM, Watson JE. Large-scale environmental degradation results in inequitable impacts to already impoverished communities: A case study from the floating villages of Cambodia. Ambio 2018; 47:747-759. [PMID: 29460255 PMCID: PMC6188964 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cambodian subsistence communities within the Tonle Sap Great Lake area rely on resource extraction from the lake to meet livelihood needs. These fishing communities-many of which consist of dwellings floating on the lake-face potentially profound livelihood challenges because of climate change and changing hydrology due to dam construction for hydroelectricity within the Mekong Basin. We conducted interviews across five village communities, with local subsistence fisher people in the Tonle Sap in 2015, and used thematic analysis methods to reveal a fishery system that is undergoing rapid ecological decline, with local fishing communities increasingly experiencing reductions in available fish stocks. As a result, over 100 000 people living in these communities are experiencing a direct loss of well-being and livelihood. We discuss these losses and consider their implications for the future viability of Cambodian floating village communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Althor
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072 Australia
| | - Simon Mahood
- Wildlife Conservation Society Cambodia Program, #21, Street 21, Sangkat Tonle Bassac, PO Box 1620, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909 Australia
| | - Bradd Witt
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072 Australia
| | - Rebecca M. Colvin
- Climate Change Institute, Australian National University, Post: Building 141, Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - James E.M. Watson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072 Australia
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460 USA
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16
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Årthun M, Bogstad B, Daewel U, Keenlyside NS, Sandø AB, Schrum C, Ottersen G. Climate based multi-year predictions of the Barents Sea cod stock. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206319. [PMID: 30356300 PMCID: PMC6200261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting fish stock variations on interannual to decadal time scales is one of the major issues in fisheries science and management. Although the field of marine ecological predictions is still in its infancy, it is understood that a major source of multi-year predictability resides in the ocean. Here we show the first highly skilful long-term predictions of the commercially valuable Barents Sea cod stock. The 7-year predictions are based on the propagation of ocean temperature anomalies from the subpolar North Atlantic toward the Barents Sea, and the strong co-variability between these temperature anomalies and the cod stock. Retrospective predictions for the period 1957-2017 capture well multi-year to decadal variations in cod stock biomass, with cross-validated explained variance of over 60%. For lead times longer than one year the statistical long-term predictions show more skill than operational short-term predictions used in fisheries management and lagged persistence forecasts. Our results thus demonstrate the potential for ecosystem-based fisheries management, which could enable strategic planning on longer time scales. Future predictions show a gradual decline in the cod stock towards 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Årthun
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ute Daewel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Noel S. Keenlyside
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Britt Sandø
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Corinna Schrum
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Geir Ottersen
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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17
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Malakar K, Mishra T, Patwardhan A. A framework to investigate drivers of adaptation decisions in marine fishing: Evidence from urban, semi-urban and rural communities. Sci Total Environ 2018; 637-638:758-770. [PMID: 29758431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional fishing livelihoods need to adapt to changing fish catch/populations, led by numerous anthropogenic, environmental and climatic stressors. The decision to adapt can be influenced by a variety of socio-economic and perceptual factors. However, adaptation decision-making in fishing communities has rarely been studied. Based on previous literature and focus group discussions with community, this study identifies few prominent adaptation responses in marine fishing and proposes credible factors driving decisions to adopt them. Further, a household survey is conducted, and the association of these drivers with various adaptation strategies is examined among fisherfolk of Maharashtra (India). This statistical analysis is based on 601 responses collected across three regional fishing groups: urban, semi-urban and rural. Regional segregation is done to understand variability in decision-making among groups which might be having different socio-economic and perceptual attributes. The survey reveals that only few urban fishing households have been able to diversify into other livelihoods. While having economic capital increases the likelihood of adaptation among urban and semi-urban communities, rural fishermen are significantly driven by social capital. Perception of climate change affecting fish catch drives adoption of mechanized boats solely in urban region. But increasing number of extreme events affects decisions of semi-urban and rural fishermen. Further, rising pollution and trade competition is associated with adaptation responses in the urban and semi-urban community. Higher education might help fishermen choose convenient forms of adaptation. Also, cooperative membership and subsidies are critical in adaptation decisions. The framework and insights of the study suggest the importance of acknowledging differential decision-making of individuals and communities, for designing effective adaptation and capacity-building policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Malakar
- Interdisciplinary Program (IDP) in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - Trupti Mishra
- Interdisciplinary Program (IDP) in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India; Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
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18
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Conand C. Tropical sea cucumber fisheries: Changes during the last decade. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 133:590-594. [PMID: 30041353 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropical sea cucumber fisheries are generally traditional, small-scale, multispecies and poorly managed. Many recent studies have improved our knowledge on the biology and ecology of the commercially important species; the main results are analysed and the remaining gaps discussed. The fisheries and the patterns of trade changes during the last decade are presented from the data available and confirm overexploitation in the traditional Indian Ocean and West Pacific countries and territories. Several Latino-American countries now have active fisheries. Despite the management and conservation issues which have recently received more attention at international, regional and national levels, more measures are still needed at all these levels, to ensure sustainable exploitations of these resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Conand
- UMR ENTROPIE, Université de La Réunion, France; Muséum National Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
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19
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Bossier S, Palacz AP, Nielsen JR, Christensen A, Hoff A, Maar M, Gislason H, Bastardie F, Gorton R, Fulton EA. The Baltic Sea Atlantis: An integrated end-to-end modelling framework evaluating ecosystem-wide effects of human-induced pressures. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199168. [PMID: 30028849 PMCID: PMC6054375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving good environmental status in the Baltic Sea region requires decision support tools which are based on scientific knowledge across multiple disciplines. Such tools should integrate the complexity of the ecosystem and enable exploration of different natural and anthropogenic pressures such as climate change, eutrophication and fishing pressures in order to compare alternative management strategies. We present a new framework, with a Baltic implementation of the spatially-explicit end-to-end Atlantis ecosystem model linked to two external models, to explore the different pressures on the marine ecosystem. The HBM-ERGOM initializes the Atlantis model with high-resolution physical-chemical-biological and hydrodynamic information while the FISHRENT model analyses the fisheries economics of the output of commercial fish biomass for the Atlantis terminal projection year. The Baltic Atlantis model composes 29 sub-areas, 9 vertical layers and 30 biological functional groups. The balanced calibration provides realistic levels of biomass for, among others, known stock sizes of top predators and of key fish species. Furthermore, it gives realistic levels of phytoplankton biomass and shows reasonable diet compositions and geographical distribution patterns for the functional groups. By simulating several scenarios of nutrient load reductions on the ecosystem and testing sensitivity to different fishing pressures, we show that the model is sensitive to those changes and capable of evaluating the impacts on different trophic levels, fish stocks, and fisheries associated with changed benthic oxygen conditions. We conclude that the Baltic Atlantis forms an initial basis for strategic management evaluation suited for conducting medium to long term ecosystem assessments which are of importance for a number of pan-Baltic stakeholders in relation to anthropogenic pressures such as eutrophication, climate change and fishing pressure, as well as changed biological interactions between functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieme Bossier
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Artur P. Palacz
- International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | - J. Rasmus Nielsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Christensen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ayoe Hoff
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Maar
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henrik Gislason
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - François Bastardie
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Fulton
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
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20
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Ngor PB, McCann KS, Grenouillet G, So N, McMeans BC, Fraser E, Lek S. Evidence of indiscriminate fishing effects in one of the world's largest inland fisheries. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8947. [PMID: 29895943 PMCID: PMC5997758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
While human impacts like fishing have altered marine food web composition and body size, the status of the world's important tropical inland fisheries remains largely unknown. Here, we look for signatures of human impacts on the indiscriminately fished Tonle Sap fish community that supports one of the world's largest freshwater fisheries. By analyzing a 15-year time-series (2000-2015) of fish catches for 116 species obtained from an industrial-scale 'Dai' fishery, we find: (i) 78% of the species exhibited decreasing catches through time; (ii) downward trends in catches occurred primarily in medium to large-bodied species that tend to occupy high trophic levels; (iii) a relatively stable or increasing trend in catches of small-sized species, and; (iv) a decrease in the individual fish weights and lengths for several common species. Because total biomass of the catch has remained remarkably resilient over the last 15 years, the increase in catch of smaller species has compensated for declines in larger species. Our finding of sustained production but altered community composition is consistent with predictions from recent indiscriminate theory, and gives a warning signal to fisheries managers and conservationists that the species-rich Tonle Sap is being affected by heavy indiscriminate fishing pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bun Ngor
- Fisheries Administration, No. 186, Preah Norodom Blvd., Khan Chamcar Morn, P.O. Box 582, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Gaël Grenouillet
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nam So
- Mekong River Commission Secretariat, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | | | - Evan Fraser
- University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario, Canada
| | - Sovan Lek
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France
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21
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Martins APB, Feitosa LM, Lessa RP, Almeida ZS, Heupel M, Silva WM, Tchaicka L, Nunes JLS. Analysis of the supply chain and conservation status of sharks (Elasmobranchii: Superorder Selachimorpha) based on fisher knowledge. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29534100 PMCID: PMC5849302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing fishing effort has caused declines in shark populations worldwide. Understanding biological and ecological characteristics of sharks is essential to effectively implement management measures, but to fully understand drivers of fishing pressure social factors must be considered through multidisciplinary and integrated approaches. The present study aimed to use fisher and trader knowledge to describe the shark catch and product supply chain in Northeastern Brazil, and evaluate perceptions regarding the regional conservation status of shark species. Non-systematic observations and structured individual interviews were conducted with experienced fishers and traders. The demand and economic value of shark fins has reportedly decreased over the last 10 years while the shark meat trade has increased slightly, including a small increase in the average price per kilogram of meat. Several threatened shark species were reportedly often captured off shore and traded at local markets. This reported and observed harvest breaches current Brazilian environmental laws. Fishing communities are aware of population declines of several shark species, but rarely take action to avoid capture of sharks. The continuing capture of sharks is mainly due to a lack of knowledge of environmental laws, lack of enforcement by responsible authorities, and difficulties encountered by fishers in finding alternative income streams. National and regional conservation measures are immediately required to reduce overfishing on shark populations in Northeastern Brazil. Social and economic improvements for poor fishing communities must also be implemented to achieve sustainable fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Barbosa Martins
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia–DF, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonardo Manir Feitosa
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco—Av. Professor Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária. Recife–PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco–Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos. Recife–PE, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Paula Lessa
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco–Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos. Recife–PE, Brazil
| | - Zafira Silva Almeida
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão–Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, s/n, Tirirical. São Luís–MA, Brazil
| | - Michelle Heupel
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Wagner Macedo Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão–Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, s/n, Tirirical. São Luís–MA, Brazil
| | - Ligia Tchaicka
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão–Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, s/n, Tirirical. São Luís–MA, Brazil
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22
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Elmer LK, Kelly LA, Rivest S, Steell SC, Twardek WM, Danylchuk AJ, Arlinghaus R, Bennett JR, Cooke SJ. Angling into the Future: Ten Commandments for Recreational Fisheries Science, Management, and Stewardship in a Good Anthropocene. Environ Manage 2017; 60:165-175. [PMID: 28600638 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new geological epoch, the "Anthropocene", has been defined as the period in which humans have had substantial geological and ecological influence on the planet. A positive future for this epoch can be referred to as the "good Anthropocene" and would involve effective management strategies and changes in human behavior that promote the sustainability and restoration of ecosystems. Recreational fisheries hold significant social, cultural, and economic value and can generate many benefits when managed sustainably and thus be an integral part of a "good Anthropocene". Here, we list ten commandments to facilitate persistence and long-term sustainability of recreational fisheries in the "good Anthropocene". This list includes fostering aquatic stewardship, promoting education, using appropriate capture gear, adopting evidence-based management approaches, promoting the concept of resilience, obtaining and using effort data in management, embracing the ecosystem approach, engaging in multilevel collaboration, enhancing accessibility, and embracing optimism. When used singly, or simultaneously, these ten commandments will contribute to the harmonization of sustainable fish populations and angling practices, to create recreational fisheries' "bright spots".
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Elmer
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Lisa A Kelly
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Rivest
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Clay Steell
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - William M Twardek
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andy J Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries & Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Faculty of Life Sciences & Integrative Research Institute on Transformation of Human-Environment Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph R Bennett
- Institute of Environmental Science and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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23
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Abstract
Understanding the impacts of recreational fishing on habitats and species, as well as the social and ecological importance of place to anglers, requires information on the spatial distribution of fishing activities. This study documented long-term changes in core fishing areas of a major recreational fishery in Alaska and identified biological, regulatory, social, and economic drivers of spatial fishing patterns by charter operators. Using participatory mapping and in-person interviews, we characterized the spatial footprint of 46 charter operators in the communities of Sitka and Homer since the 1990s. The spatial footprint differed between Homer and Sitka respondents, with Homer operators consistently using larger areas for Pacific halibut than Sitka operators. Homer and Sitka showed opposite trends in core fishing location area over time, with an overall decrease in Homer and an overall increase in Sitka. For both Sitka and Homer respondents, the range of areas fished was greater for Pacific halibut than for rockfish/lingcod or Pacific salmon. Spatial patterns were qualitatively different between businesses specializing in single species trips and those that operated multispecies trips and between businesses with one vessel and those with multiple vessels. In Homer, the most frequently cited reasons for changes in the location and/or extent of fishing were changes in trip type and the price of fuel, while in Sitka, the most frequently cited reasons for spatial shifts were changes to Pacific halibut regulations and gaining experience or exploring new locations. The diversity of charter fishing strategies in Alaska may allow individual charter operators to respond differently to perturbations and thus maintain resilience of the industry as a whole to social, environmental, and regulatory change. This research also highlights the importance of understanding fishers’ diverse portfolio of activities to effective ecosystem-based management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie N. Chan
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne H. Beaudreau
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Philip A. Loring
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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24
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Kong H, Chevalier M, Laffaille P, Lek S. Spatio-temporal variation of fish taxonomic composition in a South-East Asian flood-pulse system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174582. [PMID: 28350829 PMCID: PMC5370120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tonle Sap Lake (TSL) is a flood-pulse system. It is the largest natural lake in South-East Asia and constitutes one of the largest fisheries over the world, supporting the livelihood of million peoples. Nonetheless, the Mekong River Basin is changing rapidly due to accelerating water infrastructure development (hydropower, irrigation, flood control, and water supply) and climate change, bringing considerable modifications to the annual flood-pulse of the TSL. Such modifications are expected to have strong impacts on fish biodiversity and abundance. This paper aims to characterize the spatio-temporal variations of fish taxonomic composition and to highlights the underlying determinants of these variations. For this purpose, we used data collected from a community catch monitoring program conducted at six sites during 141 weeks, covering two full hydrological cycles. For each week, we estimated beta diversity as the total variance of the site-by-species community matrix and partitioned it into Local Contribution to Beta Diversity (LCBD) and Species Contribution to Beta Diversity (SCBD). We then performed multiple linear regressions to determine whether species richness, species abundances and water level explained the temporal variation in the contribution of site and species to beta diversity. Our results indicate strong temporal variation of beta diversity due to differential contributions of sites and species to the spatial variation of fish taxonomic composition. We further found that the direction, the shape and the relative effect of species richness, abundances and water level on temporal variation in LCBD and SCBD values greatly varied among sites, thus suggesting spatial variation in the processes leading to temporal variation in community composition. Overall, our results suggest that fish taxonomic composition is not homogeneously distributed over space and time and is likely to be impacted in the future if the flood-pulse dynamic of the system is altered by human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Kong
- EDB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENFA, UPS, Toulouse, France
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pascal Laffaille
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sovan Lek
- EDB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENFA, UPS, Toulouse, France
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25
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Teh LSL, Witter A, Cheung WWL, Sumaila UR, Yin X. What is at stake? Status and threats to South China Sea marine fisheries. Ambio 2017; 46:57-72. [PMID: 27663231 PMCID: PMC5226903 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Governance of South China Sea (SCS) fisheries remains weak despite acknowledgement of their widespread overexploitation for the past few decades. This review incorporates unreported fish catches to provide an improved baseline of the current status and societal contribution of SCS marine fisheries, so that the socio-economic and ecological consequences of continued fisheries unsustainability may be understood. Potential fisheries contribution to food and livelihoods include 11-17 million t in fisheries catch and USD 12-22 × 109 in fisheries landed value annually in the 2000s, and close to 3 million jobs. However, overfishing has resulted in biodiversity and habitat loss, and altered ecosystem trophic structures to a 'fished down' state. The present situation reiterates the urgency for fisheries policies that simultaneously address multiple political, social, economic, and biological dimensions at regional, national, and local scales. Importantly, improved cooperation between SCS nations, particularly in overcoming territorial disputes, is essential for effective regional fisheries governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise S L Teh
- Fisheries Economics Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Allison Witter
- Fisheries Economics Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - William W L Cheung
- Changing Oceans Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - U Rashid Sumaila
- Fisheries Economics Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xueying Yin
- Changing Oceans Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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26
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Morin E, Gatti C, Bambridge T, Chinain M. Ciguatera fish poisoning: Incidence, health costs and risk perception on Moorea Island (Society archipelago, French Polynesia). Harmful Algae 2016; 60:1-10. [PMID: 28073552 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is a non-bacterial seafood poisoning well characterized in the remote archipelagos of French Polynesia, yet poorly documented in the Society archipelago, most notably on Moorea, the second most populated island in French Polynesia, which counts a high proportion of fishermen fishing on a regular basis. To address this knowledge gap, a holistic study of the ciguatera issue was conducted on Moorea. First, ciguatera risk was analysed in terms of incidence rate, fish species most commonly involved and risk stratification in Moorea lagoon based on 2007-2013 epidemiological data. A mean incidence rate of 8 cases per 10,000 inhabitants for the study period and an average under-reporting rate of 54% were found. Taking into account hospitalization and medication fees, and loss of productive days, the health-related costs due to CFP were estimated to be USD $1613 and $749 for each reported and unreported case, respectively, with an overall cost of USD $241,847 for the study period. Comparison of the present status of CFP on Moorea with a risk map established in the late 1970's showed that the spatial distribution of the risk has stayed relatively stable in time, with the north shore of the island remaining the most prone to ciguatera. Evaluation of the current knowledge on CFP among different populations groups, i.e. fishermen, residents and visitors, was also conducted through direct and indirect interviews. About half of the fishermen interviewed were actually able to identify risky fishing areas. While, overall, the CFP risk perception in the fishing community of Moorea seemed accurate, although not scientifically complete, it was sufficient for the safe practice of their fishing activities. This may be due in part to adaptive responses adopted by 36% of the fishermen interviewed, such as the avoidance of either high-risk fishing sites or toxic species. At the residents and visitors' level, the study points out a striking lack of awareness of the CFP issue among visitors, as compared to local residents. Indeed, less than 25% of Moorea visitors vs. an average of 98% in residents were aware of CFP or of its presence on the island. Interestingly, evaluation of the fish consumption preferences showed that 70% of visitors do not consume lagoon fish during their stay, not for fear of CFP, but mainly due to the lack of availability of these species in recreational facilities or because they have nutritional preference for pelagic fish. This lack of awareness, along with the report by several CFP patients of the consumption of fish species yet banned for sale, stress the need for improved communication efforts on this critical issue among both residents and visitors on Moorea. The implementation of a public outreach strategy is proposed, based on both existing information networks and low-cost communication actions through information displays at various strategic locations, e.g. Tahiti-Faa'a international airport, the ferry boat station, recreational facilities, as well as the major trading points on Moorea Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewen Morin
- Ecole Pratique des hautes études (EPHE),USR 3278 EPHE CNRS UPVD CRIOBE Laboratoire d'excellence "Corail" BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia.
| | - Clémence Gatti
- Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), UMR 241-EIO, Laboratoire de recherche sur les Microalgues Toxiques BP 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | - Tamatoa Bambridge
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), USR 3278 EPHE CNRS UPVD CRIOBE, Laboratoire d'excellence "Corail", BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia.
| | - Mireille Chinain
- Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), UMR 241-EIO, Laboratoire de recherche sur les Microalgues Toxiques BP 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
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Cooke SJ, Allison EH, Beard TD, Arlinghaus R, Arthington AH, Bartley DM, Cowx IG, Fuentevilla C, Leonard NJ, Lorenzen K, Lynch AJ, Nguyen VM, Youn SJ, Taylor WW, Welcomme RL. On the sustainability of inland fisheries: Finding a future for the forgotten. Ambio 2016; 45:753-764. [PMID: 27312662 PMCID: PMC5055481 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
At present, inland fisheries are not often a national or regional governance priority and as a result, inland capture fisheries are undervalued and largely overlooked. As such they are threatened in both developing and developed countries. Indeed, due to lack of reliable data, inland fisheries have never been part of any high profile global fisheries assessment and are notably absent from the Sustainable Development Goals. The general public and policy makers are largely ignorant of the plight of freshwater ecosystems and the fish they support, as well as the ecosystem services generated by inland fisheries. This ignorance is particularly salient given that the current emphasis on the food-water-energy nexus often fails to include the important role that inland fish and fisheries play in food security and supporting livelihoods in low-income food deficit countries. Developing countries in Africa and Asia produce about 11 million tonnes of inland fish annually, 90 % of the global total. The role of inland fisheries goes beyond just kilocalories; fish provide important micronutrients and essentially fatty acids. In some regions, inland recreational fisheries are important, generating much wealth and supporting livelihoods. The following three key recommendations are necessary for action if inland fisheries are to become a part of the food-water-energy discussion: invest in improved valuation and assessment methods, build better methods to effectively govern inland fisheries (requires capacity building and incentives), and develop approaches to managing waters across sectors and scales. Moreover, if inland fisheries are recognized as important to food security, livelihoods, and human well-being, they can be more easily incorporated in regional, national, and global policies and agreements on water issues. Through these approaches, inland fisheries can be better evaluated and be more fully recognized in broader water resource and aquatic ecosystem planning and decision-making frameworks, enhancing their value and sustainability for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Edward H Allison
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T Douglas Beard
- National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, and Integrative Fisheries Management and Integrative Research Institute for the Transformation of Human-Environmental Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Devin M Bartley
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Ian G Cowx
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Carlos Fuentevilla
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Kai Lorenzen
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resource and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abigail J Lynch
- National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
| | - Vivian M Nguyen
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - So-Jung Youn
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - William W Taylor
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robin L Welcomme
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College of London, Silwood Park, UK
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Abstract
The fishery for mobulid rays, also known as devil rays, has been practiced in the Bohol Sea for over a century yet very little is known about its history and characteristics. This study provides the first detailed description of the mobulid ray fishery in the Bohol Sea, Philippines. It describes the history and evolution of the fishery from the 19th century to 2013. It characterizes the fishery based on the species targeted, gears used, the organization, catch distribution, processing, monetary value, and the market of its by-products. This paper also analyses the changes that occurred through time, the management of the fishery and the drivers of the fishery. A multi-disciplinary approach was employed by combining ethno-historical research methods and catch landing monitoring in four primary sites within the Bohol Sea. This fishery began as an artisanal fishery using sail and row boats equipped with harpoons and gaff hooks practiced in at least four coastal villages in Bohol, Camiguin and Limasawa. The fishing fleet has decreased since the beginning of the 20th century however, with the motorization of the fishery and shift to the use of gillnets, the extent of the fishing grounds and market of the products have expanded. Four species of mobulid rays are caught in the Bohol Sea: Manta birostris, Mobula japanica, Mobula thurstoni and Mobula tarapacana. A fifth species, targeted by a fishing community off Dinagat as an off-shoot of the Bohol fishery is most likely the Manta alfredi. Currently, the fishery for mobulids is centered in Bohol Province where it has been practiced longest. The monetary value of mobulids in this region has increased and the dependence of fishing communities for their livelihood is significant. The unique characteristics of this fishery and the socio-cultural context within which it operates merits a thorough investigation in order to design the appropriate management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Marie V. Acebes
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines
- BALYENA.ORG, Paseo del Mar, Barangay Pangdan, Jagna, Bohol, Philippines
| | - Malcolm Tull
- School of Management and Governance, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
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29
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Mangi SC, Kenny A, Readdy L, Posen P, Ribeiro-Santos A, Neat FC, Burns F. The economic implications of changing regulations for deep sea fishing under the European Common Fisheries Policy: UK case study. Sci Total Environ 2016; 562:260-269. [PMID: 27100006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Economic impact assessment methodology was applied to UK fisheries data to better understand the implications of European Commission proposal for regulations to fishing for deep-sea stocks in the North-East Atlantic (EC COM 371 Final 2012) under the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). The aim was to inform the on-going debate to develop the EC proposal, and to assist the UK fishing industry and Government in evaluating the most effective options to manage deep sea fish stocks. Results indicate that enforcing the EC proposal as originally drafted results in a number of implications for the UK fleet. Because of the proposed changes to the list of species defined as being deep sea species, and a new definition of what constitutes a vessel targeting deep sea species, a total of 695 active UK fishing vessels would need a permit to fish for deep sea species. However, due to existing and capped capacity limits many vessels would potentially not be able to obtain such a permit. The economic impact of these changes from the status quo reveals that in the short term, landings would decrease by 6540 tonnes, reducing gross value added by £3.3 million. Alternative options were also assessed that provide mitigation measures to offset the impacts of the proposed regulations whilst at the same time providing more effective protection of deep sea Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs). The options include setting a 400m depth rule that identifies a depth beyond which vessels would potentially be classified as fishing for deep sea species and designating 'core areas' for deep sea fishing at depths>400m to minimise the risk of further impacts of bottom fishing gear on deep sea habitats. Applying a 400m depth limit and 'core fishing' area approach deeper than 400m, the impact of the EC proposal would essentially be reduced to zero, that is, on average no vessels (using the status quo capacity baseline) would be impacted by the proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Mangi
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), 55 Briseham Road, Brixham TQ5 9NX, UK.
| | - Andrew Kenny
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Lisa Readdy
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Paulette Posen
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Ana Ribeiro-Santos
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Francis C Neat
- Marine Scotland-Science, Marine Laboratory,375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Finlay Burns
- Marine Scotland-Science, Marine Laboratory,375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
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30
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Abstract
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) and oxygen limited zones (OLZs) are important oceanographic features in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean, and are characterized by hypoxic conditions that are physiologically challenging for demersal fish. Thickness, depth of the upper boundary, minimum oxygen levels, local temperatures, and diurnal, seasonal, and interannual oxycline variability differ regionally, with the thickest and shallowest OMZs occurring in the subtropics and tropics. Although most fish are not hypoxia-tolerant, at least 77 demersal fish species from 16 orders have evolved physiological, behavioural, and morphological adaptations that allow them to live under the severely hypoxic, hypercapnic, and at times sulphidic conditions found in OMZs. Tolerance to OMZ conditions has evolved multiple times in multiple groups with no single fish family or genus exploiting all OMZs globally. Severely hypoxic conditions in OMZs lead to decreased demersal fish diversity, but fish density trends are variable and dependent on region-specific thresholds. Some OMZ-adapted fish species are more hypoxia-tolerant than most megafaunal invertebrates and are present even when most invertebrates are excluded. Expansions and contractions of OMZs in the past have affected fish evolution and diversity. Current patterns of ocean warming are leading to ocean deoxygenation, causing the expansion and shoaling of OMZs, which is expected to decrease demersal fish diversity and alter trophic pathways on affected margins. Habitat compression is expected for hypoxia-intolerant species, causing increased susceptibility to overfishing for fisheries species. Demersal fisheries are likely to be negatively impacted overall by the expansion of OMZs in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Gallo
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - L A Levin
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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31
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Salinger J, Hobday AJ, Matear RJ, O'Kane TJ, Risbey JS, Dunstan P, Eveson JP, Fulton EA, Feng M, Plagányi ÉE, Poloczanska ES, Marshall AG, Thompson PA. Decadal-Scale Forecasting of Climate Drivers for Marine Applications. Adv Mar Biol 2016; 74:1-68. [PMID: 27573049 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate influences marine ecosystems on a range of time scales, from weather-scale (days) through to climate-scale (hundreds of years). Understanding of interannual to decadal climate variability and impacts on marine industries has received less attention. Predictability up to 10 years ahead may come from large-scale climate modes in the ocean that can persist over these time scales. In Australia the key drivers of climate variability affecting the marine environment are the Southern Annular Mode, the Indian Ocean Dipole, the El Niño/Southern Oscillation, and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, each has phases that are associated with different ocean circulation patterns and regional environmental variables. The roles of these drivers are illustrated with three case studies of extreme events-a marine heatwave in Western Australia, a coral bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef, and flooding in Queensland. Statistical and dynamical approaches are described to generate forecasts of climate drivers that can subsequently be translated to useful information for marine end users making decisions at these time scales. Considerable investment is still needed to support decadal forecasting including improvement of ocean-atmosphere models, enhancement of observing systems on all scales to support initiation of forecasting models, collection of important biological data, and integration of forecasts into decision support tools. Collaboration between forecast developers and marine resource sectors-fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, biodiversity management, infrastructure-is needed to support forecast-based tactical and strategic decisions that reduce environmental risk over annual to decadal time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Salinger
- School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - A J Hobday
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - R J Matear
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - T J O'Kane
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - J S Risbey
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - P Dunstan
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - J P Eveson
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - E A Fulton
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - M Feng
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - É E Plagányi
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - A G Marshall
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - P A Thompson
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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32
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Abstract
Overfishing threatens coral reefs worldwide, yet there is no reliable estimate on the number of reef fishers globally. We address this data gap by quantifying the number of reef fishers on a global scale, using two approaches - the first estimates reef fishers as a proportion of the total number of marine fishers in a country, based on the ratio of reef-related to total marine fish landed values. The second estimates reef fishers as a function of coral reef area, rural coastal population, and fishing pressure. In total, we find that there are 6 million reef fishers in 99 reef countries and territories worldwide, of which at least 25% are reef gleaners. Our estimates are an improvement over most existing fisher population statistics, which tend to omit accounting for gleaners and reef fishers. Our results suggest that slightly over a quarter of the world’s small-scale fishers fish on coral reefs, and half of all coral reef fishers are in Southeast Asia. Coral reefs evidently support the socio-economic well-being of numerous coastal communities. By quantifying the number of people who are employed as reef fishers, we provide decision-makers with an important input into planning for sustainable coral reef fisheries at the appropriate scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise S. L. Teh
- Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Lydia C. L. Teh
- Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - U. Rashid Sumaila
- Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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