1
|
Liu J, Dietz T, Carpenter SR, Taylor WW, Alberti M, Deadman P, Redman C, Pell A, Folke C, Ouyang Z, Lubchenco J. Coupled human and natural systems: The evolution and applications of an integrated framework : This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Anthropocene. Ambio 2021; 50:1778-1783. [PMID: 33721224 PMCID: PMC7957461 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liu
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Thomas Dietz
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Sociology & Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - William W Taylor
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marina Alberti
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Deadman
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Charles Redman
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alice Pell
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences & College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Carl Folke
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jane Lubchenco
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nonaka M, Taylor WW, Bukalo O, Tucker LB, Fu AH, Kim Y, McCabe JT, Holmes A. Behavioral and Myelin-Related Abnormalities after Blast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1551-1571. [PMID: 33605175 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In civilian and military settings, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common consequence of impacts to the head, sudden blows to the body, and exposure to high-energy atmospheric shockwaves from blast. In some cases, mTBI from blast exposure results in long-term emotional and cognitive deficits and an elevated risk for certain neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we tested the effects of mTBI on various forms of auditory-cued fear learning and other measures of cognition in male C57BL/6J mice after single or repeated blast exposure (blast TBI; bTBI). bTBI produced an abnormality in the temporal organization of cue-induced freezing behavior in a conditioned trace fear test. Spatial working memory, evaluated by the Y-maze task performance, was also deleteriously affected by bTBI. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis for glial markers indicated an alteration in the expression of myelin-related genes in the hippocampus and corpus callosum 1-8 weeks after bTBI. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses detected bTBI-related myelin and axonal damage in the hippocampus and corpus callosum. Together, these data suggest a possible link between blast-induced mTBI, myelin/axonal injury, and cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mio Nonaka
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - William W Taylor
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Olena Bukalo
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura B Tucker
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Preclinical Studies Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda H Fu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Preclinical Studies Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yeonho Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Preclinical Studies Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph T McCabe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Preclinical Studies Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Taylor WW, Imhoff BR, Sathi ZS, Liu WY, Garza KM, Dias BG. Contributions of glucocorticoid receptors in cortical astrocytes to memory recall. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:126-133. [PMID: 33723032 PMCID: PMC7970741 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053041.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctions in memory recall lead to pathological fear; a hallmark of trauma-related disorders, like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Both, heightened recall of an association between a cue and trauma, as well as impoverished recall that a previously trauma-related cue is no longer a threat, result in a debilitating fear toward the cue. Glucocorticoid-mediated action via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) influences memory recall. This literature has primarily focused on GRs expressed in neurons or ignored cell-type specific contributions. To ask how GR action in nonneuronal cells influences memory recall, we combined auditory fear conditioning in mice and the knockout of GRs in astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region implicated in memory recall. We found that knocking out GRs in astrocytes of the PFC disrupted memory recall. Specifically, we found that knocking out GRs in astrocytes in the PFC (AstroGRKO) after fear conditioning resulted in higher levels of freezing to the CS+ tone when compared with controls (AstroGRintact). While we did not find any differences in extinction of fear toward the CS+ between these groups, AstroGRKO female but not male mice showed impaired recall of extinction training. These results suggest that GRs in cortical astrocytes contribute to memory recall. These data demonstrate the need to examine GR action in cortical astrocytes to elucidate the basic neurobiology underlying memory recall and potential mechanisms that underlie female-specific biases in the incidence of PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William W Taylor
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA.,Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - Barry R Imhoff
- Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Zakia Sultana Sathi
- Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Wei Y Liu
- Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - Kristie M Garza
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Brian G Dias
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA.,Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA.,Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bergstrom HC, Lipkin AM, Lieberman AG, Pinard CR, Gunduz-Cinar O, Brockway ET, Taylor WW, Nonaka M, Bukalo O, Wills TA, Rubio FJ, Li X, Pickens CL, Winder DG, Holmes A. Dorsolateral Striatum Engagement Interferes with Early Discrimination Learning. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2264-2272. [PMID: 29791838 PMCID: PMC6015733 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In current models, learning the relationship between environmental stimuli and the outcomes of actions involves both stimulus-driven and goal-directed systems, mediated in part by the DLS and DMS, respectively. However, though these models emphasize the importance of the DLS in governing actions after extensive experience has accumulated, there is growing evidence of DLS engagement from the onset of training. Here, we used in vivo photosilencing to reveal that DLS recruitment interferes with early touchscreen discrimination learning. We also show that the direct output pathway of the DLS is preferentially recruited and causally involved in early learning and find that silencing the normal contribution of the DLS produces plasticity-related alterations in a PL-DMS circuit. These data provide further evidence suggesting that the DLS is recruited in the construction of stimulus-elicited actions that ultimately automate behavior and liberate cognitive resources for other demands, but with a cost to performance at the outset of learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadley C Bergstrom
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Anna M Lipkin
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abby G Lieberman
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney R Pinard
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ozge Gunduz-Cinar
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma T Brockway
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William W Taylor
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mio Nonaka
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olena Bukalo
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany A Wills
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - F Javier Rubio
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles L Pickens
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danny G Winder
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reid AJ, Carlson AK, Creed IF, Eliason EJ, Gell PA, Johnson PTJ, Kidd KA, MacCormack TJ, Olden JD, Ormerod SJ, Smol JP, Taylor WW, Tockner K, Vermaire JC, Dudgeon D, Cooke SJ. Emerging threats and persistent conservation challenges for freshwater biodiversity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:849-873. [PMID: 30467930 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 672] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the 12 years since Dudgeon et al. (2006) reviewed major pressures on freshwater ecosystems, the biodiversity crisis in the world's lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams and wetlands has deepened. While lakes, reservoirs and rivers cover only 2.3% of the Earth's surface, these ecosystems host at least 9.5% of the Earth's described animal species. Furthermore, using the World Wide Fund for Nature's Living Planet Index, freshwater population declines (83% between 1970 and 2014) continue to outpace contemporaneous declines in marine or terrestrial systems. The Anthropocene has brought multiple new and varied threats that disproportionately impact freshwater systems. We document 12 emerging threats to freshwater biodiversity that are either entirely new since 2006 or have since intensified: (i) changing climates; (ii) e-commerce and invasions; (iii) infectious diseases; (iv) harmful algal blooms; (v) expanding hydropower; (vi) emerging contaminants; (vii) engineered nanomaterials; (viii) microplastic pollution; (ix) light and noise; (x) freshwater salinisation; (xi) declining calcium; and (xii) cumulative stressors. Effects are evidenced for amphibians, fishes, invertebrates, microbes, plants, turtles and waterbirds, with potential for ecosystem-level changes through bottom-up and top-down processes. In our highly uncertain future, the net effects of these threats raise serious concerns for freshwater ecosystems. However, we also highlight opportunities for conservation gains as a result of novel management tools (e.g. environmental flows, environmental DNA) and specific conservation-oriented actions (e.g. dam removal, habitat protection policies, managed relocation of species) that have been met with varying levels of success. Moving forward, we advocate hybrid approaches that manage fresh waters as crucial ecosystems for human life support as well as essential hotspots of biodiversity and ecological function. Efforts to reverse global trends in freshwater degradation now depend on bridging an immense gap between the aspirations of conservation biologists and the accelerating rate of species endangerment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Reid
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Andrew K Carlson
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Irena F Creed
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, U.S.A
| | - Peter A Gell
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University Drive, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, 3350, Australia
| | - Pieter T J Johnson
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.A
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biology and School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Tyson J MacCormack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Julian D Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, U.S.A
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- Water Research Institute & School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, U.K
| | - John P Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - William W Taylor
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Klement Tockner
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, 12587, Germany
| | - Jesse C Vermaire
- Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - David Dudgeon
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada.,Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Basher Z, Lynch AJ, Taylor WW. New global high-resolution centerlines dataset of selected river systems. Data Brief 2018; 20:1552-1555. [PMID: 30258958 PMCID: PMC6153272 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first high resolution (1:20,000) river centerlines shapefiles from 50 large rivers across the world. Rivers were selected based on the criteria of having more than 1000 km length and which have been reported to have a significant contribution to global fishery production. Since large rivers often span multiple countries, the degree of changes (i.e., anthropogenic or climate derived) varies from region to region. These high-resolution layers were developed to enable researchers to delineate accurate river length, from headwaters regions to their delta and assess or visualize the ongoing changes more accurately in these river systems. Further, these polylines could be used in coordination with satellite derived environmental or landscape variables for ecological research (e.g. predicting biodiversity, estimating biomass).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeenatul Basher
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.,National Climate Adaptation Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Abigail J Lynch
- National Climate Adaptation Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - William W Taylor
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Wakeford AGP, Wetzell BB, Pomfrey RL, Clasen MM, Taylor WW, Hempel BJ, Riley AL. The effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) self-administration in male and female Long-Evans rats. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 25:242-248. [PMID: 28682102 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread cannabis use in humans, few rodent models exist demonstrating significant Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) self-administration, possibly due to THC's co-occurring aversive effects, which impact drug reinforcement. Cannabis contains a number of phytocannabinoids in addition to THC, one of which, cannabidiol (CBD), has been reported to antagonize some of the aversive effects of THC. Given such effects of CBD, it is possible that it might influence THC intravenous self-administration in rodents. Accordingly, male and female Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer THC over a 3-week period and then were assessed for the effects of CBD on responding for THC at 1:1 and 1:10 dose ratios or for the establishment of cocaine self-administration (as a positive control for drug self-administration). Consistent with previous research, THC self-administration was modest and only evident in a subset of animals (and unaffected by sex). Cocaine self-administration was high and evident in the majority of animals tested, indicating that the design was sensitive to drug reinforcement. There was no effect of CBD pretreatment on THC intravenous self-administration at any CBD:THC dose ratio. Future developments of animal models of THC self-administration and the examination of factors that affect its display remain important to establish procedures designed to assess the basis for and treatment of cannabis use and abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison G P Wakeford
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University
| | - Bradley B Wetzell
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University
| | - Rebecca L Pomfrey
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University
| | - Matthew M Clasen
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University
| | - William W Taylor
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University
| | - Briana J Hempel
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University
| | - Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cooke SJ, Allison EH, Beard TD, Arlinghaus R, Arthington AH, Bartley DM, Cowx IG, Fuentevilla C, Leonard NJ, Lorenzen K, Lynch AJ, Nguyen VM, Youn SJ, Taylor WW, Welcomme RL. On the sustainability of inland fisheries: Finding a future for the forgotten. Ambio 2016; 45:753-764. [PMID: 27312662 PMCID: PMC5055481 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
At present, inland fisheries are not often a national or regional governance priority and as a result, inland capture fisheries are undervalued and largely overlooked. As such they are threatened in both developing and developed countries. Indeed, due to lack of reliable data, inland fisheries have never been part of any high profile global fisheries assessment and are notably absent from the Sustainable Development Goals. The general public and policy makers are largely ignorant of the plight of freshwater ecosystems and the fish they support, as well as the ecosystem services generated by inland fisheries. This ignorance is particularly salient given that the current emphasis on the food-water-energy nexus often fails to include the important role that inland fish and fisheries play in food security and supporting livelihoods in low-income food deficit countries. Developing countries in Africa and Asia produce about 11 million tonnes of inland fish annually, 90 % of the global total. The role of inland fisheries goes beyond just kilocalories; fish provide important micronutrients and essentially fatty acids. In some regions, inland recreational fisheries are important, generating much wealth and supporting livelihoods. The following three key recommendations are necessary for action if inland fisheries are to become a part of the food-water-energy discussion: invest in improved valuation and assessment methods, build better methods to effectively govern inland fisheries (requires capacity building and incentives), and develop approaches to managing waters across sectors and scales. Moreover, if inland fisheries are recognized as important to food security, livelihoods, and human well-being, they can be more easily incorporated in regional, national, and global policies and agreements on water issues. Through these approaches, inland fisheries can be better evaluated and be more fully recognized in broader water resource and aquatic ecosystem planning and decision-making frameworks, enhancing their value and sustainability for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Edward H Allison
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T Douglas Beard
- National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, and Integrative Fisheries Management and Integrative Research Institute for the Transformation of Human-Environmental Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Devin M Bartley
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Ian G Cowx
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Carlos Fuentevilla
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Kai Lorenzen
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resource and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abigail J Lynch
- National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
| | - Vivian M Nguyen
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - So-Jung Youn
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - William W Taylor
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robin L Welcomme
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College of London, Silwood Park, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nguyen VM, Lynch AJ, Young N, Cowx IG, Beard TD, Taylor WW, Cooke SJ. To manage inland fisheries is to manage at the social-ecological watershed scale. J Environ Manage 2016; 181:312-325. [PMID: 27376870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to managing inland fisheries vary between systems and regions but are often based on large-scale marine fisheries principles and thus limited and outdated. Rarely do they adopt holistic approaches that consider the complex interplay among humans, fish, and the environment. We argue that there is an urgent need for a shift in inland fisheries management towards holistic and transdisciplinary approaches that embrace the principles of social-ecological systems at the watershed scale. The interconnectedness of inland fisheries with their associated watershed (biotic, abiotic, and humans) make them extremely complex and challenging to manage and protect. For this reason, the watershed is a logical management unit. To assist management at this scale, we propose a framework that integrates disparate concepts and management paradigms to facilitate inland fisheries management and sustainability. We contend that inland fisheries need to be managed as social-ecological watershed system (SEWS). The framework supports watershed-scale and transboundary governance to manage inland fisheries, and transdisciplinary projects and teams to ensure relevant and applicable monitoring and research. We discuss concepts of social-ecological feedback and interactions of multiple stressors and factors within/between the social-ecological systems. Moreover, we emphasize that management, monitoring, and research on inland fisheries at the watershed scale are needed to ensure long-term sustainable and resilient fisheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Nguyen
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Abigail J Lynch
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS-400, Reston, VA 20192, USA.
| | - Nathan Young
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Ian G Cowx
- Hull University, International Fisheries Institute, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
| | - T Douglas Beard
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS-400, Reston, VA 20192, USA.
| | - William W Taylor
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, 1405 South Harrison Road, Suite 115 Manly Miles Building, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Youn SJ, Taylor WW, Lynch AJ, Cowx IG, Douglas Beard T, Bartley D, Wu F. Inland capture fishery contributions to global food security and threats to their future. Global Food Security 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Lynch AJ, Taylor WW, Smith KD. The influence of changing climate on the ecology and management of selected Laurentian Great Lakes fisheries. J Fish Biol 2010; 77:1764-1782. [PMID: 21078089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Laurentian Great Lakes Basin provides an ecological system to evaluate the potential effect of climate change on dynamics of fish populations and the management of their fisheries. This review describes the physical and biological mechanisms by which fish populations will be affected by changes in timing and duration of ice cover, precipitation events and temperature regimes associated with projected climate change in the Great Lakes Basin with a principal focus on the fish communities in shallower regions of the basin. Lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis, walleye Sander vitreus and smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu were examined to assess the potential effects of climate change on guilds of Great Lakes cold, cool and warm-water fishes, respectively. Overall, the projections for these fishes are for the increased thermally suitable habitat within the lakes, though in different regions than they currently inhabit. Colder-water fishes will seek refuge further north and deeper in the water column and warmer-water fishes will fill the vacated habitat space in the warmer regions of the lakes. While these projections can be modified by a number of other habitat elements (e.g. anoxia, ice cover, dispersal ability and trophic productivity), it is clear that climate-change drivers will challenge the nature, flexibility and public perception of current fisheries management programmes. Fisheries agencies should develop decision support tools to provide a systematic method for incorporating ecological responses to climate change and moderating public interests to ensure a sustainable future for Great Lakes fishes and fisheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Lynch
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Krause AE, Frank KA, Jones ML, Nalepa TF, Barbiero RP, Madenjian CP, Agy M, Evans MS, Taylor WW, Mason DM, Leonard NJ. Adaptations in a hierarchical food web of southeastern Lake Michigan. Ecol Modell 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
Liu J, Dietz T, Carpenter SR, Folke C, Alberti M, Redman CL, Schneider SH, Ostrom E, Pell AN, Lubchenco J, Taylor WW, Ouyang Z, Deadman P, Kratz T, Provencher W. Coupled human and natural systems. Ambio 2007; 36:639-49. [PMID: 18240679 DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[639:chans]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Humans have continuously interacted with natural systems, resulting in the formation and development of coupled human and natural systems (CHANS). Recent studies reveal the complexity of organizational, spatial, and temporal couplings of CHANS. These couplings have evolved from direct to more indirect interactions, from adjacent to more distant linkages, from local to global scales, and from simple to complex patterns and processes. Untangling complexities, such as reciprocal effects and emergent properties, can lead to novel scientific discoveries and is essential to developing effective policies for ecological and socioeconomic sustainability. Opportunities for truly integrating various disciplines are emerging to address fundamental questions about CHANS and meet society's unprecedented challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu J, Dietz T, Carpenter SR, Alberti M, Folke C, Moran E, Pell AN, Deadman P, Kratz T, Lubchenco J, Ostrom E, Ouyang Z, Provencher W, Redman CL, Schneider SH, Taylor WW. Complexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems. Science 2007; 317:1513-6. [PMID: 17872436 DOI: 10.1126/science.1144004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal new and complex patterns and processes not evident when studied by social or natural scientists separately. Synthesis of six case studies from around the world shows that couplings between human and natural systems vary across space, time, and organizational units. They also exhibit nonlinear dynamics with thresholds, reciprocal feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises. Furthermore, past couplings have legacy effects on present conditions and future possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- W W Taylor
- The Department of Physiology, University of Edinburgh
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- E Ponder
- The Department of Physiology, Edinburgh University
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aziz RK, Edwards RA, Taylor WW, Low DE, McGeer A, Kotb M. Mosaic prophages with horizontally acquired genes account for the emergence and diversification of the globally disseminated M1T1 clone of Streptococcus pyogenes. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:3311-8. [PMID: 15866915 PMCID: PMC1112019 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.10.3311-3318.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recrudescence of severe invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) diseases has been associated with relatively few strains, including the M1T1 subclone that has shown an unprecedented global spread and prevalence and high virulence in susceptible hosts. To understand its unusual epidemiology, we aimed to identify unique genomic features that differentiate it from the fully sequenced M1 SF370 strain. We constructed DNA microarrays from an M1T1 shotgun library and, using differential hybridization, we found that both M1 strains are 95% identical and that the 5% unique M1T1 clone sequences more closely resemble sequences found in the M3 strain, which is also associated with severe disease. Careful analysis of these unique sequences revealed three unique prophages that we named M1T1.X, M1T1.Y, and M1T1.Z. While M1T1.Y is similar to phage 370.3 of the M1-SF370 strain, M1T1.X and M1T1.Z are novel and encode the toxins SpeA2 and Sda1, respectively. The genomes of these prophages are highly mosaic, with different segments being related to distinct streptococcal phages, suggesting that GAS phages continue to exchange genetic material. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses revealed a highly conserved open reading frame (ORF) adjacent to the toxins in 18 of the 21 toxin-carrying GAS prophages. We named this ORF paratox, determined its allelic distribution among different phages, and found linkage disequilibrium between particular paratox alleles and specific toxin genes, suggesting that they may move as a single cassette. Based on the conservation of paratox and other genes flanking the toxins, we propose a recombination-based model for toxin dissemination among prophages. We also provide evidence that a minor population of the M1T1 clonal isolates have exchanged their virulence module on phage M1T1.Y, replacing it with a different module identical to that found on a related M3 phage. Taken together, the data demonstrate that mosaicism of the GAS prophages has contributed to the emergence and diversification of the M1T1 subclone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramy K Aziz
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Compartments in food webs are subgroups of taxa in which many strong interactions occur within the subgroups and few weak interactions occur between the subgroups. Theoretically, compartments increase the stability in networks, such as food webs. Compartments have been difficult to detect in empirical food webs because of incompatible approaches or insufficient methodological rigour. Here we show that a method for detecting compartments from the social networking science identified significant compartments in three of five complex, empirical food webs. Detection of compartments was influenced by food web resolution, such as interactions with weights. Because the method identifies compartmental boundaries in which interactions are concentrated, it is compatible with the definition of compartments. The method is rigorous because it maximizes an explicit function, identifies the number of non-overlapping compartments, assigns membership to compartments, and tests the statistical significance of the results. A graphical presentation reveals systemic relationships and taxa-specific positions as structured by compartments. From this graphic, we explore two scenarios of disturbance to develop a hypothesis for testing how compartmentalized interactions increase stability in food webs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Krause
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Muzzall PM, Whelan GE, Taylor WW. Host-parasite relationships of longnose dace, Rhinichthys cataractae, from the Ford River, Michigan. J Parasitol 1992; 78:837-44. [PMID: 1403425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 1,115 longnose dace, Rhinichthys cataractae (family Cyprinidae), were examined for parasites from May 1983 through October 1986 from 3 localities in the Ford River in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Thirteen parasite species (1 Monogenea, 2 Digenea, 2 Cestoda, 4 Nematoda, 1 Acanthocephala, 3 Protozoa) infected dace. The parasite faunas of dace, taxonomically and in species number, were similar between localities. Posthodiplostomum minimum minimum, Neascus sp., and Rhabdochona canadensis were the most common helminths infecting dace from each locality. The first 2 species did not exhibit consistent seasonal infection patterns between years, whereas the prevalence and mean intensity of R. canadensis in dace from the downriver locality were higher in summer 1983, 1984, and 1985. The intensity of infection of each of these helminth species significantly increased with host length. The prevalences and mean intensities of P. m. minimum, Neascus sp., and R. canadensis as well as the helminth infracommunity diversity were highest in dace from the upriver locality. The major factors that influenced parasite intensity were environmental factors that occurred when and where a fish began its life, the sequence of events that occurred in each habitat the fish encountered during its life, and the length of exposure (age of fish). Dace have isolationist helminth infracommunities arising from factors including ectothermy, a simple enteric system, restricted vagility, and being gape-limited. Allogenic helminths with indirect life cycles predominate in the depauperate helminth fauna of dace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Muzzall
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Muzzall PM, Whelan GE, Taylor WW. Host-Parasite Relationships of Longnose Dace, Rhinichthys cataractae, from the Ford River, Michigan. J Parasitol 1992. [DOI: 10.2307/3283314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
23
|
Yoo TJ, Orman SV, Patil SR, Dorminey C, Needleman S, Rajtora D, Graves N, Ackerman L, Taylor WW. Evolution to eosinophilic leukemia with a t(5:11) translocation in a patient with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1984; 11:389-4. [PMID: 6704940 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(84)90018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) comprises a diverse group of diseases that may ultimately lead to multiorgan dysfunction and death. We present a case of a man who was followed for over 9 years with HES that underwent malignant transformation to acute leukemia with eosinophilic features. The patient's clinical acceleration was accompanied by the development of a malignant clone that was identified with banding techniques as 46,XY,t(5:11)(p15;q13). Electron microscopy reaffirmed findings reported in earlier cases of eosinophilic leukemia. At no time during his illness were cytotoxic drugs administered. In addition to delineating the natural evolution and cytostructural details of the case, we emphasize the role of cytogenetics in the predicting of malignant variants of the hypereosinophilic syndrome and in identifying eosinophilic leukemia.
Collapse
|
24
|
Taylor WW. Expert witness? Psychiatr Med 1983; 1:357-358. [PMID: 6599858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W W Taylor
- Zuckerman, Spaeder, Taylor & Kolker, Attorneys at Law, Washington, D.C
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study was done to evaluate the efficacy of an oral decongestant preparation in the treatment of rhinitis. The preparation consisted of 5 mg of phenylephrine hydrochloride, 45 mg of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and 200 mg of guaifenesin (Rymed). Subjects were selected for participation in the study on the basis of history, physical examination, and immediate hypersensitivity skin testing. Fourteen of 20 subjects (P less than .05) observed a reduction in the severity of nasal symptoms while taking the drug. The mean symptom score of the 20 subjects while taking the drug was 31.344 and while taking placebo, 42.979. This is a statistically significant difference (P = .009717). Side effects were minimal. We concluded that the oral decongestant preparation used in this study is effective in controlling symptoms of rhinitis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Lieberman P, Taylor WW. Recurrent idiopathic anaphylaxis. Arch Intern Med 1979; 139:1032-4. [PMID: 89839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen patients with recurrent episodes of life-threatening anaphylaxis of unknown cause were studied. Each patient had repeated detailed histories taken and had repeated physical examinations, hypersensitivity skin tests to foods, and complete blood cell counts. In addition, each patient underwent stringent dietary manipulation. Seventeen of the 18 patients underwent a series of studies. Three patients were hospitalized for study. Results of all tests were essentially normal except for an elevated plasma histamine level during attacks in two patients. Episodes could not be prevented with antihistamine therapy. Attacks were treated successfully by instructing the patients in the self-administration of epinephrine. It thus appears that recurrent episodes of anaphylaxis due to nonimmunologic histamine release of anaphylaxis due to nonimmunologic histamine release can occur without discernible cause and can be lifethreatening.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
It is shown that whistler mode waves from the ionosheath of Venus are absorbed by Landau damping at the dayside ionosphere boundary. This process heats the ionospheric electrons and it may provide an important energy input into the dayside ionosphere. Cyclotron damping of the waves does not occur in the same region. However, Landau damping of ionosheath waves is apparently not an important energy source in the nightside ionosphere. Impulsive events in the nightside ionosphere seem to fall into two classes: (i) lightning signals (near periapsis) and (ii) noise, which may be caused by gradient or current instabilities.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The Pioneer Venus electric field detector observes significant effects of the interaction of the solar wind with the ionosphere of Venus all along the orbiter trajectory. Information is obtained on plasma oscillations emitted by suprathermal electrons beyond the bows shock, on sharp and diffuse shock structures, and on waveparticle interaction phenomena that are important near the boundary of the dayside ionosphere.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
A review of the literature involving anaphylactoid reactions to iodinated contrast material (ICM) suggests that the reactions are nonantibody-mediated but that a complex activation of inflammatory mediators occurs. Histamine release and/or complement activation has been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. It appears that pretreatment of selected cases (those patients previously exhibiting an anaphylactoid reaction) is effective in reducing the frequency and severity of subsequent reactions when readministration is necessary.
Collapse
|
30
|
Taylor WW, Ohman JL, Lowell FC. Immunotherapy in cat-induced asthma. Double-blind trial with evaluation of bronchial responses to cat allergen and histamine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1978; 61:283-7. [PMID: 346628 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(78)90048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ten asymptomatic patients with normal pulmonary function were selected for a double-blind trial of immunotherapy in cat-induced asthma. Each patient had a positive prick test to cat pelt extract and also a positive bronchial challenge response to the same extract. Patients were randomly assigned to active treatment or placebo groups and received weekly or biweekly injections over a 3 to 4-month period. The 5 patients who received the active treatment received a cumulative dose of cat pelt extract that ranged from 16.4 to 44.8 mg of total solid containing 1.7 to 4.7 mg of cat allergen 1. Apparent systemic reactions were observed in 3 patients who received the placebo and 3 patients who received the active treatment. The 5 patients who received the active treatment showed a reduction in skin reactivity to cat pelt extract as well as a significant mean reduction in bronchial sensitivity to the same extract. The 5 patients who received the placebo showed no significant changes in skin reactivity or bronchial sensitivity to cat pelt extract. Bronchial response to histamine did not change significantly in either the active treatment of the placebo group.
Collapse
|
31
|
Taylor WW, Martin FG, Pritchard SA, Pritchard JA. Complications from Majzlin spring intrauterine device. Obstet Gynecol 1973; 41:404-13. [PMID: 4688258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
32
|
Taylor WW, Taylor IW. The ascertainment of the mentally handicapped in England and Wales. Ment Retard 1967; 5:23-7. [PMID: 6044012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Taylor WW, Radcliffe F, Van Peenen PF. The isolation of pathogenic fungi from the soils of Egypt, the Sudan, and Ethiopia. Sabouraudia 1964; 3:235-8. [PMID: 5896100 DOI: 10.1080/00362176485190391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
35
|
|