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Han JL, Heinson YW, Chua CJ, Liu W, Entcheva E. CRISPRi gene modulation and all-optical electrophysiology in post-differentiated human iPSC-cardiomyocytes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1236. [PMID: 38062109 PMCID: PMC10703822 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering gene-phenotype relationships can be enabled by precise gene modulation in human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and follow up phenotyping using scalable all-optical electrophysiology platforms. Such efforts towards human functional genomics can be aided by recent CRISPR-derived technologies for reversible gene inhibition or activation (CRISPRi/a). We set out to characterize the performance of CRISPRi in post-differentiated iPSC-CMs, targeting key cardiac ion channel genes, KCNH2, KCNJ2, and GJA1, and providing a multiparametric quantification of the effects on cardiac repolarization, stability of the resting membrane potential and conduction properties using all-optical tools. More potent CRISPRi effectors, e.g., Zim3, and optimized viral delivery led to improved performance on par with the use of CRISPRi iPSC lines. Confirmed mild yet specific phenotype changes when CRISPRi is deployed in non-dividing differentiated heart cells is an important step towards more holistic pre-clinical cardiotoxicity testing and for future therapeutic use in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Yuli W Heinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Christianne J Chua
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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2
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Vuorenpää H, Björninen M, Välimäki H, Ahola A, Kroon M, Honkamäki L, Koivumäki JT, Pekkanen-Mattila M. Building blocks of microphysiological system to model physiology and pathophysiology of human heart. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1213959. [PMID: 37485060 PMCID: PMC10358860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) are drawing increasing interest from academia and from biomedical industry due to their improved capability to capture human physiology. MPS offer an advanced in vitro platform that can be used to study human organ and tissue level functions in health and in diseased states more accurately than traditional single cell cultures or even animal models. Key features in MPS include microenvironmental control and monitoring as well as high biological complexity of the target tissue. To reach these qualities, cross-disciplinary collaboration from multiple fields of science is required to build MPS. Here, we review different areas of expertise and describe essential building blocks of heart MPS including relevant cardiac cell types, supporting matrix, mechanical stimulation, functional measurements, and computational modelling. The review presents current methods in cardiac MPS and provides insights for future MPS development with improved recapitulation of human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Vuorenpää
- Centre of Excellence in Body-on-Chip Research (CoEBoC), BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Miina Björninen
- Centre of Excellence in Body-on-Chip Research (CoEBoC), BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Välimäki
- Centre of Excellence in Body-on-Chip Research (CoEBoC), BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Micro- and Nanosystems Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Ahola
- Centre of Excellence in Body-on-Chip Research (CoEBoC), BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mart Kroon
- Centre of Excellence in Body-on-Chip Research (CoEBoC), BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Honkamäki
- Centre of Excellence in Body-on-Chip Research (CoEBoC), BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Neuro Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jussi T. Koivumäki
- Centre of Excellence in Body-on-Chip Research (CoEBoC), BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Pekkanen-Mattila
- Centre of Excellence in Body-on-Chip Research (CoEBoC), BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Han JL, Heinson YW, Chua CJ, Liu W, Entcheva E. CRISPRi Gene Modulation and All-Optical Electrophysiology in Post-Differentiated Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.07.539756. [PMID: 37214814 PMCID: PMC10197536 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.07.539756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering gene-phenotype relationships can be enabled by precise gene modulation in human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and follow up phenotyping using scalable all-optical electrophysiology platforms. Such efforts towards human functional genomics can be aided by recent CRISPR-derived technologies for reversible gene inhibition or activation (CRISPRi/a). We set out to characterize the performance of CRISPRi in post-differentiated iPSC-CMs, targeting key cardiac ion channel genes, KCNH2, KCNJ2, and GJA1, and providing a multiparametric quantification of the effects on cardiac repolarization, stability of the resting membrane potential and conduction properties using all-optical tools. More potent CRISPRi effectors, e.g. Zim3, and optimized viral delivery led to improved performance on par with the use of CRISPRi iPSC lines. Confirmed mild yet specific phenotype changes when CRISPRi is deployed in non-dividing differentiated heart cells is an important step towards more holistic pre-clinical cardiotoxicity testing and for future therapeutic use in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Yuli W. Heinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Christianne J. Chua
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
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4
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Heinson YW, Han JL, Entcheva E. Portable low-cost macroscopic mapping system for all-optical cardiac electrophysiology. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:016001. [PMID: 36636698 PMCID: PMC9830584 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.1.016001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE All-optical cardiac electrophysiology enables the visualization and control of key parameters relevant to the detection of cardiac arrhythmias. Mapping such responses in human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) is of great interest for cardiotoxicity and personalized medicine applications. AIM We introduce and validate a very low-cost compact mapping system for macroscopic all-optical electrophysiology in layers of hiPSC-CMs. APPROACH The system uses oblique transillumination, low-cost cameras, light-emitting diodes, and off-the-shelf components (total < $ 15 , 000 ) to capture voltage, calcium, and mechanical waves under electrical or optical stimulation. RESULTS Our results corroborate the equivalency of electrical and optogenetic stimulation of hiPSC-CMs, and V m - [ Ca 2 + ] i similarity in conduction under pacing. Green-excitable optical sensors are combinable with blue optogenetic actuators (chanelrhodopsin2) only under very low green light ( < 0.05 mW / mm 2 ). Measurements in warmer culture medium yield larger spread of action potential duration and higher conduction velocities compared to Tyrode's solution at room temperature. CONCLUSIONS As multiple optical sensors and actuators are combined, our results can help handle the "spectral congestion" and avoid parameter distortion. We illustrate the utility of the system for uncovering the action of cellular uncoupling agents and show extensibility to an epi-illumination mode for future imaging of thicker native or engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli W. Heinson
- George Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Julie L. Han
- George Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- George Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington, DC, United States
- Address all correspondence to Emilia Entcheva,
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5
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Alvarez-Dominguez JR, Melton DA. Cell maturation: Hallmarks, triggers, and manipulation. Cell 2022; 185:235-249. [PMID: 34995481 PMCID: PMC8792364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
How cells become specialized, or "mature," is important for cell and developmental biology. While maturity is usually deemed a terminal fate, it may be more helpful to consider maturation not as a switch but as a dynamic continuum of adaptive phenotypic states set by genetic and environment programing. The hallmarks of maturity comprise changes in anatomy (form, gene circuitry, and interconnectivity) and physiology (function, rhythms, and proliferation) that confer adaptive behavior. We discuss efforts to harness their chemical (nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors) and physical (mechanical, spatial, and electrical) triggers in vitro and in vivo and how maturation strategies may support disease research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R. Alvarez-Dominguez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas A. Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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6
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Liao Y, Zhu L, Wang Y. Maturation of Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Foe in Translation Medicine. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:366-385. [PMID: 34711701 PMCID: PMC8611306 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the in-depth study of heart development, many human cardiomyocytes (CMs) have been generated in a laboratory environment. CMs derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been widely used for a series of applications such as laboratory studies, drug toxicology screening, cardiac disease models, and as an unlimited resource for cell-based cardiac regeneration therapy. However, the low maturity of the induced CMs significantly impedes their applicability. Scientists have been committed to improving the maturation of CMs to achieve the purpose of heart regeneration in the past decades. In this review, we take CMs maturation as the main object of discussion, describe the characteristics of CMs maturation, summarize the key regulatory mechanism of regulating maturation and address the approaches to promote CMs maturation. The maturation of CM is gradually improving due to the incorporation of advanced technologies and is expected to continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Liao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Modeling Cardiomyopathies in a Dish: State-of-the-Art and Novel Perspectives on hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes Maturation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080730. [PMID: 34439963 PMCID: PMC8389603 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell technology and the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) production represent an excellent alternative tool to study cardiomyopathies, which overcome the limitations associated with primary cardiomyocytes (CMs) access and manipulation. CMs from human iPSCs (hiPSC-CMs) are genetically identical to patient primary cells of origin, with the main electrophysiological and mechanical features of CMs. The key issue to be solved is to achieve a degree of structural and functional maturity typical of adult CMs. In this perspective, we will focus on the main differences between fetal-like hiPSC-CMs and adult CMs. A viewpoint is given on the different approaches used to improve hiPSC-CMs maturity, spanning from long-term culture to complex engineered heart tissue. Further, we outline limitations and future developments needed in cardiomyopathy disease modeling.
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Psaras Y, Margara F, Cicconet M, Sparrow AJ, Repetti GG, Schmid M, Steeples V, Wilcox JA, Bueno-Orovio A, Redwood CS, Watkins HC, Robinson P, Rodriguez B, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Toepfer CN. CalTrack: High-Throughput Automated Calcium Transient Analysis in Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2021; 129:326-341. [PMID: 34018815 PMCID: PMC8260473 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiangos Psaras
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.P., F.M., A.J.S., M.S., V.S., C.S.R., H.C.W., P.R., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Margara
- Computer Science (F.M., A.B.-O., B.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo Cicconet
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.P., F.M., A.J.S., M.S., V.S., C.S.R., H.C.W., P.R., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Computer Science (F.M., A.B.-O., B.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (H.C.W., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Image and Data Analysis Core (M.C.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Genetics (G.G.R., J.A.L.W., J.G.S., C.E.S., C.N.T.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (C.E.S.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.)
| | - Alexander J. Sparrow
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.P., F.M., A.J.S., M.S., V.S., C.S.R., H.C.W., P.R., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Computer Science (F.M., A.B.-O., B.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (H.C.W., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Image and Data Analysis Core (M.C.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Genetics (G.G.R., J.A.L.W., J.G.S., C.E.S., C.N.T.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (C.E.S.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.)
| | - Giuliana G. Repetti
- Genetics (G.G.R., J.A.L.W., J.G.S., C.E.S., C.N.T.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Manuel Schmid
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.P., F.M., A.J.S., M.S., V.S., C.S.R., H.C.W., P.R., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Computer Science (F.M., A.B.-O., B.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (H.C.W., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Image and Data Analysis Core (M.C.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Genetics (G.G.R., J.A.L.W., J.G.S., C.E.S., C.N.T.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (C.E.S.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.)
| | - Violetta Steeples
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.P., F.M., A.J.S., M.S., V.S., C.S.R., H.C.W., P.R., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Computer Science (F.M., A.B.-O., B.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (H.C.W., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Image and Data Analysis Core (M.C.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Genetics (G.G.R., J.A.L.W., J.G.S., C.E.S., C.N.T.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (C.E.S.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.)
| | - Jonathan A.L. Wilcox
- Genetics (G.G.R., J.A.L.W., J.G.S., C.E.S., C.N.T.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Charles S. Redwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.P., F.M., A.J.S., M.S., V.S., C.S.R., H.C.W., P.R., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Computer Science (F.M., A.B.-O., B.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (H.C.W., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Image and Data Analysis Core (M.C.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Genetics (G.G.R., J.A.L.W., J.G.S., C.E.S., C.N.T.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (C.E.S.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.)
| | - Hugh C. Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (H.C.W., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.P., F.M., A.J.S., M.S., V.S., C.S.R., H.C.W., P.R., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Computer Science (F.M., A.B.-O., B.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan G. Seidman
- Genetics (G.G.R., J.A.L.W., J.G.S., C.E.S., C.N.T.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christine E. Seidman
- Genetics (G.G.R., J.A.L.W., J.G.S., C.E.S., C.N.T.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (C.E.S.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.)
| | - Christopher N. Toepfer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.P., F.M., A.J.S., M.S., V.S., C.S.R., H.C.W., P.R., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (H.C.W., C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Genetics (G.G.R., J.A.L.W., J.G.S., C.E.S., C.N.T.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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9
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Ferrari E, Ugolini GS, Piutti C, Marzorati S, Rasponi M. Plasma-enhanced protein patterning in a microfluidic compartmentalized platform for multi-organs-on-chip: a liver-tumor model. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34030149 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic technique is presented for micropatterning protein domains and cell cultures within permanently bonded organs-on-chip devices. This method is based on the use of polydimethylsiloxane layers coupled with the plasma ablation technique for selective protein removal. We show how this technique can be employed to generate a multi-organin vitromodel directly within a microscale platform suitable for pharmacokinetic-based drug screening. We miniaturized a liver model based on micropatterned co-cultures in dual-compartment microfluidic devices. The cytotoxic effect of liver-metabolized Tegafur on colon cancer cell line was assessed using two microfluidic devices where microgrooves and valves systems are used to model drug diffusion between culture compartments. The platforms can reproduce the metabolism of Tegafur in the liver, thus killing colon cancer cells. The proposed plasma-enhanced microfluidic protein patterning method thus successfully combines the ability to generate precise cell micropatterning with the intrinsic advantages of microfluidics in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ferrari
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Via Golgi 39, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stefano Ugolini
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Via Golgi 39, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Claudia Piutti
- Accelera Srl, Viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, MI, Italy
| | | | - Marco Rasponi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Via Golgi 39, Milano 20133, Italy
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10
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Li W, Han JL, Entcheva E. Syncytium cell growth increases Kir2.1 contribution in human iPSC-cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1112-H1122. [PMID: 32986966 PMCID: PMC7789971 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00148.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) enable cardiotoxicity testing and personalized medicine. However, their maturity is of concern, including relatively depolarized resting membrane potential and more spontaneous activity compared with adult cardiomyocytes, implicating low or lacking inward rectifier potassium current (Ik1). Here, protein quantification confirms Kir2.1 expression in hiPSC-CM syncytia, albeit several times lower than in adult heart tissue. We find that hiPSC-CM culture density influences Kir2.1 expression at the mRNA level (potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2) and at the protein level and its associated electrophysiology phenotype. Namely, all-optical cardiac electrophysiology and pharmacological treatments reveal reduction of spontaneous and irregular activity and increase in action potential upstroke in denser cultures. Blocking Ik1-like currents with BaCl2 increased spontaneous frequency and blunted action potential upstrokes during pacing in a dose-dependent manner only in the highest-density cultures, in line with Ik1’s role in regulating the resting membrane potential. Our results emphasize the importance of syncytial growth of hiPSC-CMs for more physiologically relevant phenotype and the power of all-optical electrophysiology to study cardiomyocytes in their multicellular setting. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We identify cell culture density and cell-cell contact as an important factor in determining the expression of a key ion channel at the transcriptional and the protein levels, KCNJ2/Kir2.1, and its contribution to the electrophysiology of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Our results indicate that studies on isolated cells, out of tissue context, may underestimate the cellular ion channel properties being characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Julie L Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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11
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Werley CA, Boccardo S, Rigamonti A, Hansson EM, Cohen AE. Multiplexed Optical Sensors in Arrayed Islands of Cells for multimodal recordings of cellular physiology. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3881. [PMID: 32753572 PMCID: PMC7403318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells typically respond to chemical or physical perturbations via complex signaling cascades which can simultaneously affect multiple physiological parameters, such as membrane voltage, calcium, pH, and redox potential. Protein-based fluorescent sensors can report many of these parameters, but spectral overlap prevents more than ~4 modalities from being recorded in parallel. Here we introduce the technique, MOSAIC, Multiplexed Optical Sensors in Arrayed Islands of Cells, where patterning of fluorescent sensor-encoding lentiviral vectors with a microarray printer enables parallel recording of multiple modalities. We demonstrate simultaneous recordings from 20 sensors in parallel in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells and in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), and we describe responses to metabolic and pharmacological perturbations. Together, these results show that MOSAIC can provide rich multi-modal data on complex physiological responses in multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Werley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Q-State Biosciences, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stefano Boccardo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Nobel Biocare AG, Kloten, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Rigamonti
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emil M Hansson
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
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12
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Karbassi E, Fenix A, Marchiano S, Muraoka N, Nakamura K, Yang X, Murry CE. Cardiomyocyte maturation: advances in knowledge and implications for regenerative medicine. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:341-359. [PMID: 32015528 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) biology has advanced to the point where we now can generate most cells of the human body in the laboratory. PSC-derived cardiomyocytes can be generated routinely with high yield and purity for disease research and drug development, and these cells are now gradually entering the clinical research phase for the testing of heart regeneration therapies. However, a major hurdle for their applications is the immature state of these cardiomyocytes. In this Review, we describe the structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes and present the current approaches to mature PSC-derived cardiomyocytes. To date, the greatest success in maturation of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes has been with transplantation into the heart in animal models and the engineering of 3D heart tissues with electromechanical conditioning. In conventional 2D cell culture, biophysical stimuli such as mechanical loading, electrical stimulation and nanotopology cues all induce substantial maturation, particularly of the contractile cytoskeleton. Metabolism has emerged as a potent means to control maturation with unexpected effects on electrical and mechanical function. Different interventions induce distinct facets of maturation, suggesting that activating multiple signalling networks might lead to increased maturation. Despite considerable progress, we are still far from being able to generate PSC-derived cardiomyocytes with adult-like phenotypes in vitro. Future progress will come from identifying the developmental drivers of maturation and leveraging them to create more mature cardiomyocytes for research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Karbassi
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aidan Fenix
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvia Marchiano
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naoto Muraoka
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenta Nakamura
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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13
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Bub G, Daniels MJ. Feasibility of Using Adjunctive Optogenetic Technologies in Cardiomyocyte Phenotyping - from the Single Cell to the Whole Heart. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:752-764. [PMID: 30961485 PMCID: PMC7527548 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190405182251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In 1791, Galvani established that electricity activated excitable cells. In the two centuries that followed, electrode stimulation of neuronal, skeletal and cardiac muscle became the adjunctive method of choice in experimental, electrophysiological, and clinical arenas. This approach underpins breakthrough technologies like implantable cardiac pacemakers that we currently take for granted. However, the contact dependence, and field stimulation that electrical depolarization delivers brings inherent limitations to the scope and experimental scale that can be achieved. Many of these were not exposed until reliable in vitro stem-cell derived experimental materials, with genotypes of interest, were produced in the numbers needed for multi-well screening platforms (for toxicity or efficacy studies) or the 2D or 3D tissue surrogates required to study propagation of depolarization within multicellular constructs that mimic clinically relevant arrhythmia in the heart or brain. Here the limitations of classical electrode stimulation are discussed. We describe how these are overcome by optogenetic tools which put electrically excitable cells under the control of light. We discuss how this enables studies in cardiac material from the single cell to the whole heart scale. We review the current commercial platforms that incorporate optogenetic stimulation strategies, and summarize the global literature to date on cardiac applications of optogenetics. We show that the advantages of optogenetic stimulation relevant to iPS-CM based screening include independence from contact, elimination of electrical stimulation artefacts in field potential measuring approaches such as the multi-electrode array, and the ability to print re-entrant patterns of depolarization at will on 2D cardiomyocyte monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J. Daniels
- Address correspondence to this author at the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK; Tel: +441865234913; E-mails: ;
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14
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Biendarra-Tiegs SM, Clemens DJ, Secreto FJ, Nelson TJ. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Non-Cardiomyocytes Modulate Cardiac Electrophysiological Maturation Through Connexin 43-Mediated Cell-Cell Interactions. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 29:75-89. [PMID: 31744402 PMCID: PMC6978788 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional maturation status of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) has a notable impact upon their use in pharmacological studies, disease modeling, and therapeutic applications. Non-cardiomyocytes (non-CMs) produced in the differentiation process have previously been identified as having an extrinsic influence upon hiPSC-CM development, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein, we aimed to modulate electrophysiological properties of hiPSC-CMs within co-cultures containing varied proportions of non-CMs and investigate the nature of interactions between these different cell types. Therefore, we sorted cardiac differentiations on day 10 and subsequently replated the cells at ratios of 7:3, 1:1, 3:7, and 1:9 non-CMs to CMs. After a month of co-culture, we evaluated electrophysiological properties through the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight. We ultimately identified that co-cultures with approximately 70%–90% CM purity demonstrated the highest action potential (AP) amplitude and maximum upstroke velocity by day 40 of differentiation, indicative of enhanced electrophysiological maturation, as well as more ventricular-like AP morphologies. Notably, these findings were distinct from those observed for co-cultures of hiPSC-CMs and dermal fibroblasts. We determined that the co-culture phenotypes could not be attributed to paracrine effects of non-CMs due to the inability of conditioned media to recapitulate the observed effects. This led to the further observation of a distinctive expression pattern of connexin 43 (Cx43) at cell-cell interfaces between both CMs and non-CMs. Depletion of Cx43 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) specifically in the non-CM population within a co-culture environment was able to recapitulate electrophysiological phenotypes of a purer hiPSC-CM population. Collectively, our data demonstrate that abundant non-CM content exerts a significant negative influence upon the electrophysiological maturation of hiPSC-CMs through Cx43-mediated cell-cell-contacts, and thus should be considered regarding the future production of purpose-built hiPSC-CM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri M Biendarra-Tiegs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J Clemens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Frank J Secreto
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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15
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Rodriguez ML, Beussman KM, Chun KS, Walzer MS, Yang X, Murry CE, Sniadecki NJ. Substrate Stiffness, Cell Anisotropy, and Cell-Cell Contact Contribute to Enhanced Structural and Calcium Handling Properties of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3876-3888. [PMID: 33438427 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can be utilized to understand the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of heart disease, as well as to develop better interventions and treatments for this disease. However, these cells are structurally and functionally immature, which undermines some of their adequacy in modeling adult heart tissue. Previous studies with immature cardiomyocytes have shown that altering substrate stiffness, cell anisotropy, and/or cell-cell contact can enhance the contractile and structural maturation of hPSC-CMs. In this study, the structural and calcium handling properties of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) were enhanced by exposure to a downselected combination of these three maturation stimuli. First, hESC-CMs were seeded onto substrates composed of two commercial formulations of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Sylgard 184 and Sylgard 527, whose stiffness ranged from 5 kPa to 101 kPa. Upon analyzing the morphological and calcium transient properties of these cells, it was concluded that a 21 kPa substrate yielded cells with the highest degree of maturation. Next, these PDMS substrates were microcontact-printed with laminin to force the cultured cells into rod-shaped geometries using line patterns that were 12, 18, or 24 μm in width. We found that cells on the 18 and 24 μm pattern widths had structural and functional properties that were superior to those on the 12 μm pattern. The hESC-CMs were then seeded onto these line-stamped surfaces at a density of 500 000 cells per 25-mm-diameter substrate, to enable the formation of cell-cell contacts at their distal ends. We discovered that this combination of culture conditions resulted in cells that were more structurally and functionally mature than those that were only exposed to one or two stimuli. Our results suggest that downselecting a combination of mechanobiological stimuli could prove to be an effective means of maturing hPSC-CMs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita L Rodriguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kevin M Beussman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Katherine S Chun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Melissa S Walzer
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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16
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McNamara HM, Dodson S, Huang YL, Miller EW, Sandstede B, Cohen AE. Geometry-Dependent Arrhythmias in Electrically Excitable Tissues. Cell Syst 2018; 7:359-370.e6. [PMID: 30292705 PMCID: PMC6204347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how individual cells sense the macroscopic geometry of their tissue environment. Here, we explore whether long-range electrical signaling can convey information on tissue geometry to individual cells. First, we studied an engineered electrically excitable cell line. Cells grown in patterned islands of different shapes showed remarkably diverse firing patterns under otherwise identical conditions, including regular spiking, period-doubling alternans, and arrhythmic firing. A Hodgkin-Huxley numerical model quantitatively reproduced these effects, showing how the macroscopic geometry affected the single-cell electrophysiology via the influence of gap junction-mediated electrical coupling. Qualitatively similar geometry-dependent dynamics were observed in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes. The cardiac results urge caution in translating observations of arrhythmia in vitro to predictions in vivo, where the tissue geometry is very different. We study how to extrapolate electrophysiological measurements between tissues with different geometries and different gap junction couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M McNamara
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephanie Dodson
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Yi-Lin Huang
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Evan W Miller
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Björn Sandstede
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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17
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Broyles CN, Robinson P, Daniels MJ. Fluorescent, Bioluminescent, and Optogenetic Approaches to Study Excitable Physiology in the Single Cardiomyocyte. Cells 2018; 7:cells7060051. [PMID: 29857560 PMCID: PMC6028913 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review briefly summarizes the single cell application of classical chemical dyes used to visualize cardiomyocyte physiology and their undesirable toxicities which have the potential to confound experimental observations. We will discuss, in detail, the more recent iterative development of fluorescent and bioluminescent protein-based indicators and their emerging application to cardiomyocytes. We will discuss the integration of optical control strategies (optogenetics) to augment the standard imaging approach. This will be done in the context of potential applications, and barriers, of these technologies to disease modelling, drug toxicity, and drug discovery efforts at the single-cell scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor N Broyles
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Paul Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Matthew J Daniels
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, Oxford University NHS Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
- BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, 567-0047 Osaka, Japan.
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18
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Werley CA, Chien MP, Cohen AE. Ultrawidefield microscope for high-speed fluorescence imaging and targeted optogenetic stimulation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5794-5813. [PMID: 29296505 PMCID: PMC5745120 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the number and quality of fluorescent reporters and optogenetic actuators has yielded a powerful set of tools for recording and controlling cellular state and function. To achieve the full benefit of these tools requires improved optical systems with high light collection efficiency, high spatial and temporal resolution, and patterned optical stimulation, in a wide field of view (FOV). Here we describe our 'Firefly' microscope, which achieves these goals in a Ø6 mm FOV. The Firefly optical system is optimized for simultaneous photostimulation and fluorescence imaging in cultured cells. All but one of the optical elements are commercially available, yet the microscope achieves 10-fold higher light collection efficiency at its design magnification than the comparable commercially available microscope using the same objective. The Firefly microscope enables all-optical electrophysiology ('Optopatch') in cultured neurons with a throughput and information content unmatched by other neuronal phenotyping systems. This capability opens possibilities in disease modeling and phenotypic drug screening. We also demonstrate applications of the system to voltage and calcium recordings in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Werley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Miao-Ping Chien
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Adam E. Cohen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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19
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Chamberland S, Yang HH, Pan MM, Evans SW, Guan S, Chavarha M, Yang Y, Salesse C, Wu H, Wu JC, Clandinin TR, Toth K, Lin MZ, St-Pierre F. Fast two-photon imaging of subcellular voltage dynamics in neuronal tissue with genetically encoded indicators. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28749338 PMCID: PMC5584994 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring voltage dynamics in defined neurons deep in the brain is critical for unraveling the function of neuronal circuits but is challenging due to the limited performance of existing tools. In particular, while genetically encoded voltage indicators have shown promise for optical detection of voltage transients, many indicators exhibit low sensitivity when imaged under two-photon illumination. Previous studies thus fell short of visualizing voltage dynamics in individual neurons in single trials. Here, we report ASAP2s, a novel voltage indicator with improved sensitivity. By imaging ASAP2s using random-access multi-photon microscopy, we demonstrate robust single-trial detection of action potentials in organotypic slice cultures. We also show that ASAP2s enables two-photon imaging of graded potentials in organotypic slice cultures and in Drosophila. These results demonstrate that the combination of ASAP2s and fast two-photon imaging methods enables detection of neural electrical activity with subcellular spatial resolution and millisecond-timescale precision. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25690.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chamberland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Helen H Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Michael M Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Stephen W Evans
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Sihui Guan
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Mariya Chavarha
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Charleen Salesse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Thomas R Clandinin
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Katalin Toth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - François St-Pierre
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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