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Decoding microRNA drivers in Atherosclerosis. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231479. [PMID: 35758143 PMCID: PMC9289798 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 97% of the human genome consists of non-protein-coding sequences. As our understanding of genome regulation improves, this has led to the characterization of a diverse array of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA). Among these, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) belong to the short ncRNA class (22–25 nucleotides in length), with approximately 2500 miRNA genes encoded within the human genome. From a therapeutic perspective, there is interest in exploiting miRNA as biomarkers of disease progression and response to treatments, as well as miRNA mimics/repressors as novel medicines. miRNA have emerged as an important class of RNA master regulators with important roles identified in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is characterized by a chronic inflammatory build-up, driven largely by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol accumulation within the artery wall and vascular injury, including endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte recruitment and vascular remodelling. Conventional therapy focuses on lifestyle interventions, blood pressure-lowering medications, high-intensity statin therapy and antiplatelet agents. However, a significant proportion of patients remain at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This continued cardiovascular risk is referred to as residual risk. Hence, a new drug class targeting atherosclerosis could synergise with existing therapies to optimise outcomes. Here, we review our current understanding of the role of ncRNA, with a focus on miRNA, in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, highlighting novel biological mechanisms and therapeutic avenues.
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Friedrich J, Hammes HP, Krenning G. miRetrieve-an R package and web application for miRNA text mining. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab117. [PMID: 34988440 PMCID: PMC8696973 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and thereby influence biological processes in health and disease. As a consequence, miRNAs are intensely studied and literature on miRNAs has been constantly growing. While this growing body of literature reflects the interest in miRNAs, it generates a challenge to maintain an overview, and the comparison of miRNAs that may function across diverse disease fields is complex due to this large number of relevant publications. To address these challenges, we designed miRetrieve, an R package and web application that provides an overview on miRNAs. By text mining, miRetrieve can characterize and compare miRNAs within specific disease fields and across disease areas. This overview provides focus and facilitates the generation of new hypotheses. Here, we explain how miRetrieve works and how it is used. Furthermore, we demonstrate its applicability in an exemplary case study and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Friedrich
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- 5th Medical Department, Section of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Section of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center of Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Guido Krenning
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mandraffino G, Lo Gullo A, Cinquegrani M, D’Ascola A, Sinicropi D, Imbalzano E, Blando G, Campo GM, Morace C, Giuffrida C, Campo S, Squadrito G, Scuruchi M. Expression and Change of miRs 145, 221 and 222 in Hypertensive Subjects Treated with Enalapril, Losartan or Olmesartan. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080860. [PMID: 34440064 PMCID: PMC8389596 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miR profile could be associated to CV risk, and also to prognosis/outcome in response to therapeutic approach. We aimed to evaluate if anti-hypertensive drugs enalapril, losartan or olmesartan have effects on monocyte miR profile in essential hypertensives without target organ involvement. For this purpose, 82 hypertensives and 49 controls were included; we evaluated SBP/DBP, lipid profile, glucose, CRP, fibrinogen, arterial stiffness indices (PWV; AIx), and cIMT at baseline (T0) and after 24 weeks of treatment (T1). Subjects with LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL, TG ≥ 200 mg/dL, BMI ≥ 30, and other additional CV risk factors were excluded. Patients who were prescribed to receive once-a-day enalapril 20 mg, losartan 100 mg or olmesartan 20 mg were eligible for the study. At T1, we found a significant improvement of SBP (-18.5%), DBP (-18%), HDL-C and LDL-C (+3% and -5.42%), glucose (-2.15%), BMI (-3.23%), fibrinogen (-11%), CRP (-17.5%,), AIx (-49.1%) PWV (-32.2%), and monocyte miR expression (miR-221: -28.4%; miR-222: -36%; miR-145: +41.7%) with respect to baseline. miR profile was compared to control subjects at baseline and at T1. We found some little difference in the behaviour of the three treatments on some variables: olmesartan was the most effective in reducing fibrinogen, DBP, CRP, and AIx (-13.1%, -19.3%, -21.4%, and -56.8%, respectively). Enalapril was the drug more significantly increasing the expression of miR-145. In conclusion, enalapril, losartan and olmesartan are effective in improving mechanical and humoral factors associated to AS and atherogenesis. These drugs appear to be able to modify miRs 221/222 and miR-145 expression in drug-naïve hypertensives, making it closer to that of control subjects; additionally, this provides a good blood pressure compensation, contributing to slow the progression of vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
- Lipid Center, Internal Medicine Unit, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.D.); (G.M.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alberto Lo Gullo
- IRCCS Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Maria Cinquegrani
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Angela D’Ascola
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.D.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Davide Sinicropi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Blando
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Maurizio Campo
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.D.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Carmela Morace
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Salvatore Campo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Lipid Center, Internal Medicine Unit, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.D.); (G.M.C.)
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Golab-Janowska M, Paczkowska E, Machalinski B, Kotlega D, Meller A, Safranow K, Wankowicz P, Nowacki P. Elevated Inflammatory Parameter Levels Negatively Impact Populations of Circulating Stem Cells (CD133+), Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells (CD133+/VEGFR2+), and Fibroblast Growth Factor in Stroke Patients. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:19-26. [PMID: 30706812 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666190129164906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) are important players in neovascularization, mobilized through signalling by Angiogenic Growth Factors (AGFs) such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). In vitro, inflammatory parameters impair the function and influence of EPCs on AGFs. However, this connection is not clear in vivo. To understand the mechanisms of augmented arteriogenesis and angiogenesis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, we investigated whether circulating stem cells (CD133+), early endothelial progenitor cells (CD133+/VEGFR2+), and endothelial cells (ECs; CD34¯/CD133¯/VEGFR2+) were increasingly mobilized during AIS, and whether there were correlations between EPC levels, growth factor levels and inflammatory parameters. METHODS Data on demographics, classical vascular risk factors, neurological deficit information (assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), and treatment were collected from 43 consecutive AIS patients (group I). Risk factor control patients (group II) included 22 nonstroke subjects matched by age, gender, and traditional vascular risk factors. EPCs were measured by flow cytometry and the populations of circulating stem cells (CD133+), early EPCs (CD133+/VEGFR2+), and ECs (CD34¯/CD133¯/VEGFR2+) were analysed. Correlations between EPC levels and VEGF and FGF vascular growth factor levels as well as the influence of inflammatory parameters on EPCs and AGFs were assessed. RESULTS Patient ages ranged from 54 to 92 years (mean age 75.2 ± 11.3 years). The number of circulating CD34¯/CD133¯/VEGF-R2+ cells was significantly higher in AIS patients than in control patients (p < 0.05). VEGF plasma levels were also significantly higher in AIS patients compared to control patients on day 7 (p < 0.05). FGF plasma levels in patients with AIS were significantly higher than those in the control group on day 3 (p < 0.05). There were no correlations between increased VEGF and FGF levels and the number of CD133+, CD133+/VEGFR2+, or CD34¯/CD133¯/VEGFR2+ cells. Leukocyte levels, FGF plasma levels, and the number of early EPCs were negatively correlated on day 3. High sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and the number of CD133+ and CD133+/VEGFR2+ cells were negatively correlated on day 7. In addition, there was a negative correlation between fibrinogen levels and FGF plasma levels as well as the number of early EPCs (CD133+/VEGFR2+). CONCLUSION AIS patients exhibited increased numbers of early EPCs (CD133+/VEGFR2+) and AGF (VEGF and FGF) levels. A negative correlation between inflammatory parameters and AGFs and EPCs indicated the unfavourable influence of inflammatory factors on EPC differentiation and survival. Moreover, these correlations represented an important mechanism linking inflammation to vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta Paczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Machalinski
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kotlega
- Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Meller
- Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Pawel Wankowicz
- Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Nowacki
- Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Mandraffino G, Scicali R, Rodríguez-Carrio J, Savarino F, Mamone F, Scuruchi M, Cinquegrani M, Imbalzano E, Di Pino A, Piro S, Rabuazzo AM, Squadrito G, Purrello F, Saitta A. Arterial stiffness improvement after adding on PCSK9 inhibitors or ezetimibe to high-intensity statins in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: A Two-Lipid Center Real-World Experience. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:231-240. [PMID: 32111581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by increased cardiovascular risk; despite-high intensity statins, only few patients with FH achieve the recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of six-month add-on therapy with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9-i) or ezetimibe on lipid profile and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in patients with FH. METHODS In this observational study, we evaluated 98 genetically confirmed patients with FH with an LDL-C off-target despite high-intensity statins with or without ezetimibe; of these, 53 patients (statin plus ezetimibe) added PCSK9-i (PCSK9-i group) and 45 (statin only) added ezetimibe (EZE group) per applicable guidelines and reimbursement rules. All patients obtained biochemical analysis and PWV evaluation at baseline and after six months of optimized treatment. RESULTS After 6 months of add-on therapy, most patients achieving LDL-C targets were in the PCSK9-i group (77.3% PCSK9-i group vs 37.8% EZE group, P < .001). The PCSK9-i group achieved both a greater LDL-C and PWV reduction than the EZE group [-51% vs -22.8%, P < .001 and -15% vs -8.5%, P < .01, respectively]. In a linear regression analysis, we showed a coefficient (r) of 0.334 for the relationship between ΔPWV and ΔLDL (P < .05); moreover, in an exploratory analysis, the relationship appeared to be stronger in patients with FH without cardiovascular events (r = 0.422, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Lipid and PWV profiles in patients with FH significantly improved after addition of PCSK9-i or ezetimibe to high-intensity statin therapy; moreover, ΔPWV was associated with ΔLDL. Our results are consistent with a beneficial role of these novel therapies in FH subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Department of Functional Biology, Area of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Area of Metabolism, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, RED in REN Del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francesca Savarino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Mamone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cinquegrani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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6
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Role of miR-221/222 in Tumor Development and the Underlying Mechanism. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7252013. [PMID: 31929798 PMCID: PMC6942871 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7252013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-221/222 (miRNA-221/222, miR-221/222) is a noncoding microRNA which is widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms and deeply involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expressions. According to recent studies, abnormal expressions of miR-221/222 are closely related to the occurrence and development of various kinds of malignant tumors. The role of miR-221/222 in tumor development and their potential molecular mechanism in various cancers, including liver cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial carcinoma, are summarized and reviewed in this paper. Moreover, the potential translational biomarker role of abnormal miR-221/222 level in tumor or blood circulation for tumor diagnosis is also discussed.
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Kaihan AB, Hishida M, Imaizumi T, Okazaki M, Kaihan AN, Katsuno T, Taguchi A, Yasuda Y, Tsuboi N, Kosugi T, Maruyama S. Circulating levels of CD34+ cells predict long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223390. [PMID: 31584974 PMCID: PMC6777758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD34+ cells maintain vascular homeostasis and predict cardiovascular outcomes. We previously evaluated the association of CD34+ cells with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events over 23 months, but long-term CVD outcomes in relation to levels of CD34+ cells in patients on maintenance hemodialysis are unclear. Herein, we analyzed the long-term predictive potential levels of CD34+ cells for CVD outcomes and all-cause mortality. Between March 2005 and May 2005, we enrolled 215 patients on maintenance hemodialysis at Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital and followed them up to 12.8 years. According to the CD34+ cell counts, patients were classified into the lowest, medium, and highest tertiles. Levels of CD34+ cells were analyzed in association with four-point major adverse CV events (MACEs), CVD death, and all-cause mortality. In univariate analysis age, smoking habit, lower geriatric nutrition risk index, lower calcium × phosphate product, and lower intact parathyroid hormone were significantly associated with the lowest tertile. Whereas, in multivariate analysis, age and smoking habit were significantly associated with the lowest tertile. Among 139 (64.7%) patients who died during a mean follow-up period of 8.0 years, 39 (28.1%) patients died from CVD. Patients in the lowest tertile had a significantly lower survival rate than those in the medium and highest tertiles (p ≤ 0.001). Using multivariable analyses, the lowest tertile was significantly associated with four-point MACEs (hazard ratio 1.80, p = 0.023) and CVD death (hazard ratio 2.50, p = 0.011). In conclusion, our long-term observational study revealed that a low level of CD34+ cells in the circulation predicts CVD outcomes among patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Baseer Kaihan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Balkh University, Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan
| | - Manabu Hishida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Takahiro Imaizumi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Okazaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Katsuno
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Yasuda
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuboi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosugi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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An F, Zhang J, Zhao C, Chen Z, Li L, Jia Q, Wang L, Ma W, Yang Z, Jia E, Yang Y. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in miR-221, self-reported essential hypertension, and interactions between genetic and environmental factors: a multiethnic study in China. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6132-6144. [PMID: 31632582 PMCID: PMC6789256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This case-control study explored the relationship between SNPs in miR-221 and self-reported essential hypertension, as well as interactions between genetic and environmental factors, in a multiethnic Chinese cohort. A MassArray analysis was performed to genotype 462 patients with essential hypertension and 442 healthy participants. The association between four SNPs in miR-221 and essential hypertension risk was determined by investigating the differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies between case and control groups using PLINK version 1.07 software. A 4 × 2 table approach was conducted to explore the synergistic effect of SNPs and environmental factors on the risk of essential hypertension. Subjects with the C allele of rs2858060 in miR-221 had a lower risk of essential hypertension than those with the G allele (OR = 0.692; 95% CI = 0.521-0.920; P = 0.011). Logistic regression analysis showed that carriers of the CC genotype had a significantly lower risk of essential hypertension than those with the homozygous GG genotype (OR = 0.679; 95% CI = 0.498-0.925; P = 0.014). Using crossover analyses, we identified significant interactions between rs2858060 and the effect of age, triglycerides, HDL-C, ApoB, and fasting blood glucose on essential hypertension risk. We conclude that rs2858060 in miR-221 is associated with essential hypertension risk in the Chinese population, with a clear interaction between rs2858060 and classical risk factors in predicting the condition. Therefore, rs2858060 in miR-221 could play an important role as a genetic risk factor for the development of essential hypertension in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui An
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous PrefectureYining 835000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhaohong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous PrefectureYining 835000, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous PrefectureYining 835000, China
| | - Qiaowei Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenzhu Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Enzhi Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Yining Yang
- Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, China
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Braschi A. Potential Protective Role of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on the Balance between Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis in Hypertensive Patients at Rest and During Exercise. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2019; 19:133-171. [PMID: 30714087 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-018-00316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In patients with hypertension, the triad represented by endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, and altered fibrinolytic function disturbs the equilibrium between hemostasis and fibrinolysis and translates into a hypercoagulable state, which underlies the risk of thrombotic complications. This article reviews the scientific evidence regarding some biological effects of antihypertensive drugs, which can protect patients from the adverse consequences of hypertensive disease, improving endothelial function, enhancing antioxidant activity, and restoring equilibrium between hemostatic and fibrinolytic factors. These protective effects appear not to be mediated through blood pressure reduction and are not shared by all molecules of the same pharmacological class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabella Braschi
- Ambulatory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Via col. Romey n.10, 91100, Trapani, Italy.
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10
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Schlüter KD, Kutsche HS, Hirschhäuser C, Schreckenberg R, Schulz R. Review on Chamber-Specific Differences in Right and Left Heart Reactive Oxygen Species Handling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1799. [PMID: 30618811 PMCID: PMC6304434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert signaling character (redox signaling), or damaging character (oxidative stress) on cardiac tissue depending on their concentration and/or reactivity. The steady state of ROS concentration is determined by the interplay between its production (mitochondrial, cytosolic, and sarcolemmal enzymes) and ROS defense enzymes (mitochondria, cytosol). Recent studies suggest that ROS regulation is different in the left and right ventricle of the heart, specifically by a different activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Mitochondrial ROS defense seems to be lower in right ventricular tissue compared to left ventricular tissue. In this review we summarize the current evidence for heart chamber specific differences in ROS regulation that may play a major role in an observed inability of the right ventricle to compensate for cardiac stress such as pulmonary hypertension. Based on the current knowledge regimes to increase ROS defense in right ventricular tissue should be in the focus for the development of future therapies concerning right heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Sarah Kutsche
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Angiotensin II Attenuates the Bioactivities of Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells via Downregulation of β2-Adrenergic Receptor. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7453161. [PMID: 30510587 PMCID: PMC6231359 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7453161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross talks between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sympathetic nervous system, and vascular homeostasis are tightly coordinated in hypertension. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a key factor in RAS, when abnormally activated, affects the number and bioactivity of circulating human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) in hypertensive patients. In this study, we investigated how the augmentation of Ang II regulates adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling and angiogenic bioactivities of hEPCs. Interestingly, the short-term treatment of hEPCs with Ang II drastically attenuated the expression of beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), but did not alter the expression of beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R). EPC functional assay clearly demonstrated that the treatment with ADRB2 agonists significantly increased EPC bioactivities including cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation abilities. However, EPC bioactivities were decreased dramatically when treated with Ang II. Importantly, the attenuation of EPC bioactivities by Ang II was restored by treatment with an AT1R antagonist (telmisartan; TERT). We found that AT1R binds to ADRB2 in physiological conditions, but this binding is significantly decreased in the presence of Ang II. Furthermore, TERT, an Ang II-AT1R interaction blocker, restored the interaction between AT1R and ADRB2, suggesting that Ang II might induce the dysfunction of EPCs via downregulation of ADRB2, and an AT1R blocker could prevent Ang II-mediated ADRB2 depletion in EPCs. Taken together, our report provides novel insights into potential therapeutic approaches for hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Johnson C, Drummer C, Virtue A, Gao T, Wu S, Hernandez M, Singh L, Wang H, Yang XF. Increased Expression of Resistin in MicroRNA-155-Deficient White Adipose Tissues May Be a Possible Driver of Metabolically Healthy Obesity Transition to Classical Obesity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1297. [PMID: 30369883 PMCID: PMC6194169 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported that microRNA-155 (miR-155) deficiency in ApoE-/- mice yields a novel metabolically healthy obese (MHO) model, which exhibits improved atherosclerosis but results in obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without insulin resistance. Using experimental data mining approaches combined with experiments, we found that, among 109 miRNAs, miR-155, and miR-221 are significantly modulated in all four hyperlipidemia-related diseases (HRDs), namely atherosclerosis, NAFLD, obesity and type II diabetes (T2DM). MiR-155 is significantly upregulated in atherosclerosis and decreased in other HRDs. MiR-221 is increased in three HRDs but reduced in obesity. These findings led to our new classification of types I and II MHOs, which are regulated by miR-221 and miR-155, respectively. Western blots showed that the proinflammatory adipokine, resistin, is significantly increased in white adipose tissues (WAT) of the MHO mice, revealing our newly proposed, miR-155-suppressed “secondary wave inflammatory state (SWIS),” characteristic of MHO transition to classical obesity (CO). Taken together, we are first to show that MHO may have heterogeneity in comorbidities, and is therefore classified into type I, and type II MHOs; and that increased expression of resistin in miR-155-/- white adipose tissues may be a driver for SWIS in MHO transition to CO. Our findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of MHO, MHO transition to CO, hyperlipidemic pathways related to cancer, and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Johnson
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anthony Virtue
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tracy Gao
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susu Wu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Miguel Hernandez
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lexy Singh
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2827580. [PMID: 29853909 PMCID: PMC5944289 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2827580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic neovascularization might represent an important strategy to salvage tissue after ischemia. Circulating bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were previously shown to augment the neovascularization of ischemic tissue. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) might modulate EPC mobilization. We evaluated populations of circulating stem cells and early EPCs in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and the effect of ACEI on circulating EPCs in these patients with respect to aspects of stroke pathogenesis. Methods We studied 43 AIS patients (group I), comprising 33 treated with ACEI (group Ia) and 10 untreated (group Ib). Risk factor controls (group II) included 22 subjects. EPCs were measured by flow cytometry. Results In AIS patients, the number of circulating stem cells and early EPCs upon admission was similar to that in control group individuals. There were no significant differences in the numbers of stem cells and early EPCs over subsequent days after AIS. There were also no significant differences in stem cell and early EPC numbers over the first 3 days between group Ia and group Ib. However, on day 7, these numbers were significantly higher in group Ib than in group Ia (p < 0.05). In AIS patients chronically treated with ACEI, there was a negative correlation between CD133+ cell number and neurological deficit on the first, third, and seventh days (p < 0.005). Conclusions An increased number of circulating stem cells and early EPCs were not observed in stroke patients chronically treated with ACEI. In patients chronically treated with ACEI, a significant correlation was observed between decreased neurological deficit and higher levels of CD133+ cells; this could be due to the positive influence of these cells on the regeneration of the endothelium and improved circulation in the ischemic penumbra.
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Association of circulating progenitor cells with angiotensin II in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 32:46-53. [PMID: 29192185 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-017-0020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Populations of CD34- and VEGFR2-expressing cells are responsible for regeneration of damaged endothelium and vascular remodelling. As their quantity and activity changes during cardiovascular diseases, they are potentially useful markers of cardiovascular health. The aim of our study was to investigate changes of various CD34+ and CD34+ VEGFR2+ populations in subjects with newly recognised hypertension and to evaluate whether observed alterations are influenced by clinical parameters and angiotensin II. Circulating CD34+ and CD34+ VEGFR2+ cells were analysed in peripheral blood samples by flow cytometry. Serum levels of angiotensin II were determined using immunoenzymatic assay. We discovered increased proportions of various CD34+ populations and CD34+ VEGFR2+ c-Kit+ cells in newly diagnosed patients. CD34+ cells seem to be influenced by angiotensin II, but we did not observe comparable results when populations co-expressing VEGFR2 were analysed. The quantity of CD34+ VEGFR2+ cells in patients with newly recognised primary hypertension ought to be determined by other factors. Increased proportions of CD34+ progenitors in blood could comprise compensatory mechanism for increased endothelial damage in hypertension.
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Mandraffino G, Cairo V, Saitta A. Current challenges on circulating progenitor cells: Could their number predict oncoming diseases? Atherosclerosis 2017; 261:153-154. [PMID: 28389015 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Valentina Cairo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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