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Niroomand A, Nita GE, Lindstedt S. Machine Perfusion and Bioengineering Strategies in Transplantation-Beyond the Emerging Concepts. Transpl Int 2024; 37:13215. [PMID: 39267617 PMCID: PMC11390383 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation has progressed rapidly over the decades from the first experimental procedures to its role in the modern era as an established treatment for end-stage organ disease. Solid organ transplantation including liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, and lung transplantation, is the definitive option for many patients, but despite the advances that have been made, there are still significant challenges in meeting the demand for viable donor grafts. Furthermore, post-operatively, the recipient faces several hurdles, including poor early outcomes like primary graft dysfunction and acute and chronic forms of graft rejection. In an effort to address these issues, innovations in organ engineering and treatment have been developed. This review covers efforts made to expand the donor pool including bioengineering techniques and the use of ex vivo graft perfusion. It also covers modifications and treatments that have been trialed, in addition to research efforts in both abdominal organs and thoracic organs. Overall, this article discusses recent innovations in machine perfusion and organ bioengineering with the aim of improving and increasing the quality of donor organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Niroomand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - George Emilian Nita
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lindstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Wyle Y, Lu N, Hepfer J, Sayal R, Martinez T, Wang A. The Role of Biophysical Factors in Organ Development: Insights from Current Organoid Models. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:619. [PMID: 38927855 PMCID: PMC11200479 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biophysical factors play a fundamental role in human embryonic development. Traditional in vitro models of organogenesis focused on the biochemical environment and did not consider the effects of mechanical forces on developing tissue. While most human tissue has a Young's modulus in the low kilopascal range, the standard cell culture substrate, plasma-treated polystyrene, has a Young's modulus of 3 gigapascals, making it 10,000-100,000 times stiffer than native tissues. Modern in vitro approaches attempt to recapitulate the biophysical niche of native organs and have yielded more clinically relevant models of human tissues. Since Clevers' conception of intestinal organoids in 2009, the field has expanded rapidly, generating stem-cell derived structures, which are transcriptionally similar to fetal tissues, for nearly every organ system in the human body. For this reason, we conjecture that organoids will make their first clinical impact in fetal regenerative medicine as the structures generated ex vivo will better match native fetal tissues. Moreover, autologously sourced transplanted tissues would be able to grow with the developing embryo in a dynamic, fetal environment. As organoid technologies evolve, the resultant tissues will approach the structure and function of adult human organs and may help bridge the gap between preclinical drug candidates and clinically approved therapeutics. In this review, we discuss roles of tissue stiffness, viscoelasticity, and shear forces in organ formation and disease development, suggesting that these physical parameters should be further integrated into organoid models to improve their physiological relevance and therapeutic applicability. It also points to the mechanotransductive Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway as a key player in the interplay between extracellular matrix stiffness, cellular mechanics, and biochemical pathways. We conclude by highlighting how frontiers in physics can be applied to biology, for example, how quantum entanglement may be applied to better predict spontaneous DNA mutations. In the future, contemporary physical theories may be leveraged to better understand seemingly stochastic events during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yofiel Wyle
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (J.H.); (R.S.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Children’s, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Nathan Lu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (J.H.); (R.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Jason Hepfer
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (J.H.); (R.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Rahul Sayal
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (J.H.); (R.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Taylor Martinez
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (J.H.); (R.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (J.H.); (R.S.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Children’s, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Surgical Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 4625 2nd Ave., Research II, Suite 3005, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Moura RS, Afonso JPR, Fonseca AL, Cereta AD, Mello DACPG, Oliveira MC, Oliveira-Silva I, Oliveira RF, Oliveira DAAP, Vieira RP, Palma RK, Insalaco G, Oliveira LVF. Extracellular matrix of lung scaffolds submitted to different means of sterilization: a systematic review. F1000Res 2024; 13:554. [PMID: 39155967 PMCID: PMC11329863 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.147670.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases often necessitate lung transplantation due to irreversible damage. Organ engineering offers hope through stem cell-based organ generation. However, the crucial sterilization step in scaffold preparation poses challenges. This study conducted a systematic review of studies that analysed the extracellular matrix (ECM) conditions of decellularised lungs subjected to different sterilisation processes. A search was performed for articles published in the PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and SciELO databases according to the PRISMA guidelines. Overall, five articles that presented positive results regarding the effectiveness of the sterilisation process were selected, some of which identified functional damage in the ECM. Was possible concluded that regardless of the type of agent used, physical or chemical, all of them demonstrated that sterilisation somehow harms the ECM. An ideal protocol has not been found to be fully effective in the sterilisation of pulmonary scaffolds for use in tissue and/or organ engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo S. Moura
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Joao Pedro R. Afonso
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Adriano L. Fonseca
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Andressa D. Cereta
- Departament of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego A. C. P. G. Mello
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Miria C. Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Iransé Oliveira-Silva
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F. Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Deise A. A. P. Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P. Vieira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Renata K. Palma
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya - UVic-UCC, Manresa, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Insalaco
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council - CNR, Palermo, SI, Italy
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Keshavarz Zarjani A, Bijan Nejad D, Neisi N, Taheri Moghadam M, Mansouri E. Kidney Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation: Effect of Scaffold and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024; 30:239-247. [PMID: 38556841 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2024.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a global health challenge, and it needs alternative therapeutic approaches for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although organ transplantation is effective, it faces challenges such as declining quality of life, immunological responses, transplant rejection, and donor shortages. Tissue engineering, by using suitable scaffolds, cells, and growth factors, emerges as a promising treatment option for kidney regeneration. Experiment: We precisely decellularized scaffold, derived from rat kidneys while maintaining its native three-dimensional (3D) architecture. The efficiency of decellularization was evaluated through histological examinations, including hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and DAPI staining, as well as scanning electron microscopy. The scaffolds were then recellularized with kidney mesenchymal stem cells (kMSCs), and their adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were assessed over 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The expression of specific renal markers, including Wt-1, ZO-1, AQP-1, and ANG-1, was examined through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in monolayer and 3D cultures. Results: The infiltration rate of cells into the scaffold increased in a time-dependent manner, and the expression of specific renal markers significantly increased, demonstrating successful differentiation of kMSCs within the scaffold. The application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) could intensify the expression of kidney-specific genes. Conclusions: The study highlighted the importance of preserving the 3D architecture of the scaffold during decellularization to achieve optimal cellular responses. Moreover, the capacity of mesenchymal stem cells in recellularized scaffolds facilitated tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhesam Keshavarz Zarjani
- Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Darioush Bijan Nejad
- Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Neisi
- The School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Alimentary Tract Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Taheri Moghadam
- Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Chun HJ, Ali S, Lim JH, Ahmad SS, Lee EJ, Choi I. Extracellular matrix: the critical contributor to skeletal muscle regeneration-a comprehensive review. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:58. [PMID: 38008778 PMCID: PMC10680355 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The regenerative ability of skeletal muscle (SM) in response to damage, injury, or disease is a highly intricate process that involves the coordinated activities of multiple cell types and biomolecular factors. Of these, extracellular matrix (ECM) is considered a fundamental component of SM regenerative ability. This review briefly discusses SM myogenesis and regeneration, the roles played by muscle satellite cells (MSCs), other cells, and ECM components, and the effects of their dysregulations on these processes. In addition, we review the various types of ECM scaffolds and biomaterials used for SM regeneration, their applications, recent advances in ECM scaffold research, and their impacts on tissue engineering and SM regeneration, especially in the context of severe muscle injury, which frequently results in substantial muscle loss and impaired regenerative capacity. This review was undertaken to provide a comprehensive overview of SM myogenesis and regeneration, the stem cells used for muscle regeneration, the significance of ECM in SM regeneration, and to enhance understanding of the essential role of the ECM scaffold during SM regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
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6
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Jiang W, Zhang X, Yu S, Yan F, Chen J, Liu J, Dong C. Decellularized extracellular matrix in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114506. [PMID: 37597763 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Functional limitation caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) has the problem of significant clinical and economic burden. Damaged spinal axonal connections and an inhibitory environment severely hamper neuronal function. Regenerative biomaterials can fill the cavity and produce an optimal microenvironment at the site of SCI, inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, and glial scar formation while promoting neurogenesis, axonal development, and angiogenesis. Decellularization aims to eliminate cells from the ultrastructure of tissues while keeping tissue-specific components that are similar to the structure of real tissues, making decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) a suitable scaffold for tissue engineering. dECM has good biocompatibility, it can be widely obtained from natural organs of different species, and can be co-cultured with cells for 3D printing to obtain the target scaffold. In this paper, we reviewed the pathophysiology of SCI, the characteristics of dECM and its preparation method, and the application of dECM in the treatment of SCI. Although dECM has shown its therapeutic effect at present, there are still many indicators that need to be taken into account, such as the difficulty in obtaining materials and standardized production mode for large-scale use, the effect of decellularization on the physical and chemical properties of dECM, and the study on the synergistic effect of dECM and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fangsu Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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7
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Li J, Chen X, Hu M, Wei J, Nie M, Chen J, Liu X. The application of composite scaffold materials based on decellularized vascular matrix in tissue engineering: a review. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:62. [PMID: 37337190 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized vascular matrix is a natural polymeric biomaterial that comes from arteries or veins which are removed the cellular contents by physical, chemical and enzymatic means, leaving only the cytoskeletal structure and extracellular matrix to achieve cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation and creating a suitable microenvironment for their growth. In recent years, the decellularized vascular matrix has attracted much attention in the field of tissue repair and regenerative medicine due to its remarkable cytocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to induce tissue regeneration. Firstly, this review introduces its basic properties and preparation methods; then, it focuses on the application and research of composite scaffold materials based on decellularized vascular matrix in vascular tissue engineering in terms of current in vitro and in vivo studies, and briefly outlines its applications in other tissue engineering fields; finally, it looks into the advantages and drawbacks to be overcome in the application of decellularized vascular matrix materials. In conclusion, as a new bioactive material for building engineered tissue and repairing tissue defects, decellularized vascular matrix will be widely applied in prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Li
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Stomatology Technology, School of Medical Technology, Sichuan College of Traditional Medicine, Mianyang, 621000, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Mianyang Stomatological Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Miaoling Hu
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Minhai Nie
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jiana Chen
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xuqian Liu
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China.
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Guimaraes AB, Correia AT, da Silva RS, Dos Santos ES, de Souza Xavier Costa N, Dolhnikoff M, Maizato M, Cestari IA, Pego-Fernandes PM, Guerreiro Cardoso PF. Evaluation of Structural Viability of Porcine Tracheal Scaffolds after 3 and 6 Months of Storage under Three Different Protocols. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050584. [PMID: 37237655 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tracheal replacement with a bioengineered tracheal substitute has been developed for long-segment tracheal diseases. The decellularized tracheal scaffold is an alternative for cell seeding. It is not defined if the storage scaffold produces changes in the scaffold's biomechanical properties. We tested three protocols for porcine tracheal scaffold preservation immersed in PBS and alcohol 70%, in the fridge and under cryopreservation. Ninety-six porcine tracheas (12 in natura, 84 decellularized) were divided into three groups (PBS, alcohol, and cryopreservation). Twelve tracheas were analyzed after three and six months. The assessment included residual DNA, cytotoxicity, collagen contents, and mechanical properties. Decellularization increased the maximum load and stress in the longitudinal axis and decreased the maximum load in the transverse axis. The decellularization of the porcine trachea produced structurally viable scaffolds, with a preserved collagen matrix suitable for further bioengineering. Despite the cyclic washings, the scaffolds remained cytotoxic. The comparison of the storage protocols (PBS at 4 °C, alcohol at 4 °C, and slow cooling cryopreservation with cryoprotectants) showed no significant differences in the amount of collagen and in the biomechanical properties of the scaffolds. Storage in PBS solution at 4 °C for six months did not change the scaffold mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bruning Guimaraes
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Aristides Tadeu Correia
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Soares da Silva
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Elizabete Silva Dos Santos
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Natalia de Souza Xavier Costa
- Laboratorio de Poluicao Atmosferica Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Laboratorio de Poluicao Atmosferica Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Maizato
- Bioengenharia, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Idagene Aparecida Cestari
- Bioengenharia, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo Manuel Pego-Fernandes
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo Francisco Guerreiro Cardoso
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
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9
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Corridon PR. Capturing effects of blood flow on the transplanted decellularized nephron with intravital microscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5289. [PMID: 37002341 PMCID: PMC10066218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ decellularization creates cell-free, collagen-based extracellular matrices that can be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. This technique has recently gained much attention, yet adequate scaffold repopulation and implantation remain a challenge. Specifically, there still needs to be a greater understanding of scaffold responses post-transplantation and ways we can improve scaffold durability to withstand the in vivo environment. Recent studies have outlined vascular events that limit organ decellularization/recellularization scaffold viability for long-term transplantation. However, these insights have relied on in vitro/in vivo approaches that need enhanced spatial and temporal resolutions to investigate such issues at the microvascular level. This study uses intravital microscopy to gain instant feedback on their structure, function, and deformation dynamics. Thus, the objective of this study was to capture the effects of in vivo blood flow on the decellularized glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, and tubules after autologous and allogeneic orthotopic transplantation into rats. Large molecular weight dextran molecules labeled the vasculature. They revealed substantial degrees of translocation from glomerular and peritubular capillary tracks to the decellularized tubular epithelium and lumen as early as 12 h after transplantation, providing real-time evidence of the increases in microvascular permeability. Macromolecular extravasation persisted for a week, during which the decellularized microarchitecture was significantly and comparably compromised and thrombosed in both autologous and allogeneic approaches. These results indicate that in vivo multiphoton microscopy is a powerful approach for studying scaffold viability and identifying ways to promote scaffold longevity and vasculogenesis in bioartificial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Corridon
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1083, USA.
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10
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Influence of Storage Conditions on Decellularized Porcine Conjunctiva. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030350. [PMID: 36978741 PMCID: PMC10045143 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine decellularized conjunctiva (PDC) represents a promising alternative source for conjunctival reconstruction. Methods of its re-epithelialization in vitro with primary human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCEC) have already been established. However, a long-term storage method is required for a simplified clinical use of PDC. This study investigates the influence of several storage variants on PDC. PDC were stored in (1) phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) at 4 °C, (2) in glycerol-containing epithelial cell medium (EM/gly) at −80 °C and (3) in dimethyl sulfoxide-containing epithelial cell medium (EM/DMSO) at −196 °C in liquid nitrogen for two and six months, respectively. Fresh PDC served as control. Histological structure, biomechanical parameters, the content of collagen and elastin and the potential of re-epithelialization with primary HCEC under cultivation for 14 days were compared (n = 4–10). In all groups, PDC showed a well-preserved extracellular matrix without structural disruptions and with comparable fiber density (p ≥ 0.74). Collagen and elastin content were not significantly different between the groups (p ≥ 0.18; p ≥ 0.13, respectively). With the exception of the significantly reduced tensile strength of PDC after storage at −196 °C in EM/DMSO for six months (0.46 ± 0.21 MPa, p = 0.02), no differences were seen regarding the elastic modulus, tensile strength and extensibility compared to control (0.87 ± 0.25 MPa; p ≥ 0.06). The mean values of the epithelialized PDC surface ranged from 51.9 ± 8.8% (−196 °C) to 78.3 ± 4.4% (−80 °C) and did not differ significantly (p ≥ 0.35). In conclusion, all examined storage methods were suitable for storing PDC for at least six months. All PDC were able to re-epithelialize, which rules out cytotoxic influences of the storage conditions and suggests preserved biocompatibility for in vivo application.
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11
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Lacueva-Aparicio A, Lindoso RS, Mihăilă SM, Giménez I. Role of extracellular matrix components and structure in new renal models in vitro. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1048738. [PMID: 36569770 PMCID: PMC9767975 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1048738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex set of fibrillar proteins and proteoglycans, supports the renal parenchyma and provides biomechanical and biochemical cues critical for spatial-temporal patterning of cell development and acquisition of specialized functions. As in vitro models progress towards biomimicry, more attention is paid to reproducing ECM-mediated stimuli. ECM's role in in vitro models of renal function and disease used to investigate kidney injury and regeneration is discussed. Availability, affordability, and lot-to-lot consistency are the main factors determining the selection of materials to recreate ECM in vitro. While simpler components can be synthesized in vitro, others must be isolated from animal or human tissues, either as single isolated components or as complex mixtures, such as Matrigel or decellularized formulations. Synthetic polymeric materials with dynamic and instructive capacities are also being explored for cell mechanical support to overcome the issues with natural products. ECM components can be used as simple 2D coatings or complex 3D scaffolds combining natural and synthetic materials. The goal is to recreate the biochemical signals provided by glycosaminoglycans and other signaling molecules, together with the stiffness, elasticity, segmentation, and dimensionality of the original kidney tissue, to support the specialized functions of glomerular, tubular, and vascular compartments. ECM mimicking also plays a central role in recent developments aiming to reproduce renal tissue in vitro or even in therapeutical strategies to regenerate renal function. Bioprinting of renal tubules, recellularization of kidney ECM scaffolds, and development of kidney organoids are examples. Future solutions will probably combine these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alodia Lacueva-Aparicio
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology (FISIOPREN), Aragon’s Health Sciences Institute, Zaragoza, Spain,Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME Lab), I3A, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Soares Lindoso
- Carlos Chagas Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia M. Mihăilă
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Giménez
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology (FISIOPREN), Aragon’s Health Sciences Institute, Zaragoza, Spain,Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain,School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain,*Correspondence: Ignacio Giménez,
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12
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Choi M, Yang YB, Park S, Rahaman S, Tripathi G, Lee BT. Effect of Co-culture of mesenchymal stem cell and glomerulus endothelial cell to promote endothelialization under optimized perfusion flow rate in whole renal ECM scaffold. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100464. [PMID: 36325425 PMCID: PMC9619032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent era, many researches on implantable bio-artificial organs has been increased owing to large gap between donors and receivers. Comprehensive organ based researches on perfusion culture for cell injury using different flow rate have not been conducted at the cellular level. The present study investigated the co-culture of rat glomerulus endothelial cell (rGEC) and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC) to develop micro vascularization in the kidney scaffolds culturing by bioreactor system. To obtain kidney scaffold, extracted rat kidneys were decellularized by 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 1% triton X-100, and distilled water. Expanded rGECs were injected through decellularized kidney scaffold artery and cultured using bioreactor system. Vascular endothelial cells adhered and proliferated on the renal ECM scaffold in the bioreactor system for 3, 7 and 14 days. Static, 1 ml/min and 2 ml/min flow rates (FR) were tested and among them, 1 ml/min flow rate was selected based on cell viability, glomerulus character, inflammation/endothelialization proteins expression level. However, the flow injury was still existed on primary cell cultured at vessel in kidney scaffold. Therefore, co-culture of rGEC + rBMSC found suitable to possibly solve this problem and resulted increased cell proliferation and micro-vascularization in the glomerulus, reducing inflammation and cell death which induced by flow injury. The optimized perfusion rate under rGEC + rBMSC co-culture conditions resulted in enhanced endocellularization to make ECM derived implantable renal scaffold and might be useful as a way of treatment of the acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Choi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea
| | - Yu-Bin Yang
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Seongsu Park
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea
| | - Sohanur Rahaman
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea
| | - Garima Tripathi
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea,Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University.
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13
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Zhang CY, Fu CP, Li XY, Lu XC, Hu LG, Kankala RK, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Based Bioinks for Tissue Engineering. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113442. [PMID: 35684380 PMCID: PMC9182049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies for fabricating various biomimetic architectures of tissues and organs. In this context, the bioink, a critical element for biofabrication, is a mixture of biomaterials and living cells used in 3D printing to create cell-laden structures. Recently, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)-based bioinks derived from natural tissues have garnered enormous attention from researchers due to their unique and complex biochemical properties. This review initially presents the details of the natural ECM and its role in cell growth and metabolism. Further, we briefly emphasize the commonly used decellularization treatment procedures and subsequent evaluations for the quality control of the dECM. In addition, we summarize some of the common bioink preparation strategies, the 3D bioprinting approaches, and the applicability of 3D-printed dECM bioinks to tissue engineering. Finally, we present some of the challenges in this field and the prospects for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-C.L.); (L.-G.H.); (R.K.K.); (S.-B.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chao-Ping Fu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-C.L.); (L.-G.H.); (R.K.K.); (S.-B.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (C.-P.F.); (A.-Z.C.)
| | - Xiong-Ya Li
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-C.L.); (L.-G.H.); (R.K.K.); (S.-B.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiao-Chang Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-C.L.); (L.-G.H.); (R.K.K.); (S.-B.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Long-Ge Hu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-C.L.); (L.-G.H.); (R.K.K.); (S.-B.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-C.L.); (L.-G.H.); (R.K.K.); (S.-B.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-C.L.); (L.-G.H.); (R.K.K.); (S.-B.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-C.L.); (L.-G.H.); (R.K.K.); (S.-B.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (C.-P.F.); (A.-Z.C.)
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14
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Bongolan T, Whiteley J, Castillo-Prado J, Fantin A, Larsen B, Wong CJ, Mazilescu L, Kawamura M, Urbanellis P, Jonebring A, Salter E, Collingridge G, Gladdy R, Hicks R, Gingras AC, Selzner M, Rogers IM. Decellularization of porcine kidney with submicellar concentrations of SDS results in the retention of ECM proteins required for the adhesion and maintenance of human adult renal epithelial cells. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2972-2990. [PMID: 35521809 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When decellularizing kidneys, it is important to maintain the integrity of the acellular extracellular matrix (ECM), including associated adhesion proteins and growth factors that allow recellularized cells to adhere and migrate according to ECM specificity. Kidney decellularization requires the ionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); however, this results in a loss of ECM proteins important for cell adherence, migration, and growth, particularly glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-associated proteins. Here, we demonstrate that using submicellar concentrations of SDS results in a greater retention of structural proteins, GAGs, growth factors, and cytokines. When porcine kidney ECM scaffolds were recellularized using human adult primary renal epithelial cells (RECs), the ECM promoted cell survival and the uniform distribution of cells throughout the ECM. Cells maintained the expression of mature renal epithelial markers but did not organize on the ECM, indicating that mature cells are unable to migrate to specific locations on ECM scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Bongolan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Whiteley
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Jorge Castillo-Prado
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Amanda Fantin
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Brett Larsen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Cassandra J Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Laura Mazilescu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Masataka Kawamura
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Peter Urbanellis
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Anna Jonebring
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Eric Salter
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Graham Collingridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Gladdy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Ryan Hicks
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1E2, Canada
| | - Markus Selzner
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Ian M Rogers
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1E2, Canada
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15
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Yang J, Dang H, Xu Y. Recent advancement of decellularization extracellular matrix for tissue engineering and biomedical application. Artif Organs 2022; 46:549-567. [PMID: 34855994 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decellularized extracellular matrixs (dECMs) derived from organs and tissues have emerged as a promising tool, as they encompass the characteristics of an ideal tissue scaffold: complex composition, vascular networks and unique tissue-specific architecture. Consequently, their use has propagated throughout tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. dECM can be easily obtained from various tissues/organs by appropriate decellularization protocolsand is entitled to provide necessary cues to cells homing. METHODS In this review, we describe the decellularization and sterilization methods that are commonly used in recent research, the effects of these methods upon biologic scaffold material are discussed. Also, we summarize the recent developments of recellularization and vascularization techniques in regeneration medicine. Additionally, dECM preservation methods is mentioned, which provides the basis for the establishment of organ bank. RESULTS Biomedical applications and the status of current research developments relating to dECM biomaterials are outlined, including transplantation in vivo, disease models and drug screening, organoid, 3D bioprinting, tissue reconstruction and rehabilitation and cell transplantation and culture. Finally, critical challenges and future developing technologies are discussed. CONCLUSIONS With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, dECM will have broader applications in the field of biomedicine in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Yang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangyu Dang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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16
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Have we hit a wall with whole kidney decellularization and recellularization: A review. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Ben Hamouda S, Miglino MA, de Sá Schiavo Matias G, Beauchamp G, Lavoie JP. Asthmatic Bronchial Matrices Determine the Gene Expression and Behavior of Smooth Muscle Cells in a 3D Culture Model. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:762026. [PMID: 35387054 PMCID: PMC8974673 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.762026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is associated with increased deposition and altered phenotype of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. However, little is known about the processes responsible for these changes. It has been suggested that alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute to the remodeling of ASM cells in asthma. Three-dimensional matrices allow the in vitro study of complex cellular responses to different stimuli in a close-to-natural environment. Thus, we investigated the ultrastructural and genic variations of ASM cells cultured on acellular asthmatic and control bronchial matrices. We studied horses, as they spontaneously develop a human asthma-like condition (heaves) with similarities to chronic pulmonary changes observed in human asthma. Primary bronchial ASM cells from asthmatic (n = 3) and control (n = 3) horses were cultured on decellularized bronchi from control (n = 3) and asthmatic (n = 3) horses. Each cell lineage was used to recellularize six different bronchi for 41 days. Histomorphometry on HEPS-stained-recellularized matrices revealed an increased ASM cell number in the control cell/control matrix (p = 0.02) and asthmatic cell/control matrix group (p = 0.04) compared with the asthmatic cell/asthmatic matrix group. Scan electron microscopy revealed a cell invasion of the ECM. While ASM cells showed high adhesion and proliferation processes on the control ECM, the presence of senescent cells and cellular debris in the asthmatic ECM with control or asthmatic ASM cells suggested cell death. When comparing asthmatic with control cell/matrix combinations by targeted next generation sequencing, only AGC1 (p = 0.04), MYO10 (p = 0.009), JAM3 (p = 0.02), and TAGLN (p = 0.001) were differentially expressed out of a 70-gene pool previously associated with smooth muscle remodeling. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to evaluate the effects of asthmatic ECM on an ASM cell phenotype using a biological bronchial matrix. Our results indicate that bronchial ECM health status contributes to ASM cell gene expression and, possibly, its survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Ben Hamouda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Angélica Miglino
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guy Beauchamp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Lavoie
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18
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Mallis P, Oikonomidis C, Dimou Z, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E, Katsimpoulas M. Optimizing Decellularization Strategies for the Efficient Production of Whole Rat Kidney Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:623-640. [PMID: 34014553 PMCID: PMC8325734 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal dysfunction remains a global issue, with chronic kidney disease being the 18th most leading cause of death, worldwide. The increased demands in kidney transplants, led the scientific society to seek alternative strategies, utilizing mostly the tissue engineering approaches. Unlike to perfusion decellularization of kidneys, we proposed alternative decellularization strategies to obtain acellular kidney scaffolds. The aim of this study was the evaluation of two different decellularization approaches for producing kidney bioscaffolds. METHODS Rat kidneys from Wistar rats, were submitted to decellularization, followed two different strategies. The decellularization solutions used in both approaches were the same and involved the use of 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate buffers for 12 h each, followed by incubation in a serum medium. Both approaches involved 3 decellularization cycles. Histological analysis, biochemical and DNA quantification were performed. Cytotoxicity assay and repopulation of acellular kidneys were also applied. RESULTS Histological, biochemical and DNA quantification confirmed that the 2nd approach had the best outcome regarding the kidney composition and cell elimination. Acellular kidneys from both approaches were successfully recellularized. CONCLUSION Based on the above data, the production of kidney scaffolds with the proposed cost- effective decellularization approaches, was efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
| | - Charalampos Oikonomidis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Zetta Dimou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
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19
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Sobreiro‐Almeida R, Quinteira R, Neves NM. Renal Regeneration: The Role of Extracellular Matrix and Current ECM-Based Tissue Engineered Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100160. [PMID: 34137210 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural extracellular matrices (ECM) are currently being studied as an alternative source for organ transplantation or as new solutions to treat kidney injuries, which can evolve to end-stage renal disease, a life devastating condition. This paper provides an overview on the current knowledge in kidney ECM and its usefulness on future investigations. The composition and structure of kidney ECM is herein associated with its intrinsic capacity of remodeling and repair after insult. Moreover, it provides a deeper insight on altered ECM components during disease. The use of decellularized kidney matrices is discussed in the second part of the review, with emphasis on how these matrices contribute to tissue-specific differentiation of embryonic, pluripotent, and other stem cells. The evolution on the field toward different uses of xenogeneic ECM as a biological scaffold material is discussed, namely the major outcomes on whole kidney recellularization and its in vivo implantation. At last, the recent literature on the use of processed kidney decellularized ECM to produce diverse biomaterial substrates, such as hydrogels, membranes, and bioinks are reviewed, with emphasis on future perspectives of its translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sobreiro‐Almeida
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rita Quinteira
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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20
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Behmer Hansen RA, Wang X, Kaw G, Pierre V, Senyo SE. Accounting for Material Changes in Decellularized Tissue with Underutilized Methodologies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6696295. [PMID: 34159202 PMCID: PMC8187050 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue decellularization has rapidly developed to be a practical approach in tissue engineering research; biological tissue is cleared of cells resulting in a protein-rich husk as a natural scaffold for growing transplanted cells as a donor organ therapy. Minimally processed, acellular extracellular matrix reproduces natural interactions with cells in vitro and for tissue engineering applications in animal models. There are many decellularization techniques that achieve preservation of molecular profile (proteins and sugars), microstructure features such as organization of ECM layers (interstitial matrix and basement membrane) and organ level macrofeatures (vasculature and tissue compartments). While structural and molecular cues receive attention, mechanical and material properties of decellularized tissues are not often discussed. The effects of decellularization on an organ depend on the tissue properties, clearing mechanism, chemical interactions, solubility, temperature, and treatment duration. Physical characterization by a few labs including work from the authors provides evidence that decellularization protocols should be tailored to specific research questions. Physical characterization beyond histology and immunohistochemistry of the decellularized matrix (dECM) extends evaluation of retained functional features of the original tissue. We direct our attention to current technologies that can be employed for structure function analysis of dECM using underutilized tools such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass spectrometry, and rheometry. Structural imaging and mechanical functional testing combined with high-throughput molecular analyses opens a new approach for a deeper appreciation of how cellular behavior is influenced by the isolated microenvironment (specifically dECM). Additionally, the impact of these features with different decellularization techniques and generation of synthetic material scaffolds with desired attributes are informed. Ultimately, this mechanical profiling provides a new dimension to our understanding of decellularized matrix and its role in new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Behmer Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xinming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gitanjali Kaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valinteshley Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samuel E. Senyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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21
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Sant S, Wang D, Abidi M, Walker G, Ferrell N. Mechanical characterization of native and sugar-modified decellularized kidneys. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 114:104220. [PMID: 33257205 PMCID: PMC7855467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized organs have the potential to be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering organ replacements. The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) following decellularization are critical for structural integrity and for regulation of cell function upon recellularization. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in the ECM with age and their formation is accelerated by several pathological conditions including diabetes. Some AGEs span multiple amino acids to form crosslinks that may alter the mechanical properties of the ECM. The goal of this work was to evaluate how sugar-induced modifications to the ECM affect the mechanical behavior of decellularized kidney. The compressive and tensile properties of the kidney ECM were evaluated using an accelerated model of AGE formation by ribose. Results show that ribose modifications significantly alter the mechanical behavior of decellularized kidney. Increased resistance to deformation corresponds to increased ECM crosslinking, and mechanical changes can be partially mitigated by AGE inhibition. The degree of post-translational modification of the ECM is dependent on the age and health of the organ donor and may play a role in regulating the mechanical properties of decellularized organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Sant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Minhal Abidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Gwyneth Walker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, United States.
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22
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Hu D, Zhang D, Liu B, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Shen L, Long C, Zhang D, Liu X, Lin T, He D, Xu T, Timashev P, Butnaru D, Zhang Y, Wei G. Human ucMSCs seeded in a decellularized kidney scaffold attenuate renal fibrosis by reducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:192-201. [PMID: 31896126 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis occurs largely through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study explored the beneficial effects of a human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded decellularized kidney scaffold (ucMSC-DKS) on renal fibrosis in a rodent model of post-transplantation renal failure, and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Rat-derived DKSs were examined after preparation, and then recellularized with human ucMSCs to prepare cell-loaded patches. A rat model of renal failure was established after subtotal nephrectomy (STN). The cell patches were transplanted to remnant kidneys. Changes in renal function, histology, EMT, and proteins related to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway in the remnant kidneys were examined 8 weeks after surgery, compared with non-cell patch controls. RESULTS The DKSs were acellular and porous, with rich cytokine and major extracellular matrix components. The ucMSCs were distributed uniformly in the DKSs. Renal function was improved, renal fibrosis and EMT were reduced, and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was inhibited compared with controls at 8 weeks after ucMSC-DKS patch transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The ucMSC-DKS restores renal function and reduces fibrosis by reducing EMT via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in rats that have undergone STN. It provides an alternative for renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Deying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihang Yu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Bio-manufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Butnaru
- Research Institute for Uronephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.
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23
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Granato AEC, da Cruz EF, Rodrigues-Junior DM, Mosini AC, Ulrich H, Rodrigues BVM, Cheffer A, Porcionatto M. A novel decellularization method to produce brain scaffolds. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101412. [PMID: 32866727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) can assist tissue remodeling and repair following injury. The ECM is a complex biomaterial composed of proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans, secreted by cells. The ECM contains fundamental biological cues that modulate cell behavior and serves as a structural scaffold for cell adhesion and growth. For clinical applications, where immune rejection is a constraint, ECM can be processed using decellularization methods intended to remove cells and donor antigens from tissue or organs, while preserving native biological cues essential for cell growth and differentiation. Recent studies show bioengineered organs composed by a combination of a diversity of materials and stem cells as a possibility of new therapeutic strategies to treat diseases that affect different tissues and organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Nevertheless, the methodologies currently described for brain decellularization involve the use of several chemical reagents with many steps that ultimately limit the process of organ or tissue recellularization. Here, we describe for the first time a fast and straightforward method for complete decellularization of mice brain by the combination of rapid freezing and thawing following the use of only one detergent (Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)). Our data show that using the protocol we describe here, the brain was entirely decellularized, while still maintaining ECM components that are essential for cell survival on the scaffold. Our results also show the cell-loading of the decellularized brain matrix with Neuro2a cells, which were identified by immunohistochemistry in their undifferentiated form. We conclude that this novel and simple method for brain decellularization can be used as a scaffold for cell-loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro E C Granato
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Lab, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edgar Ferreira da Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Amanda Cristina Mosini
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Lab, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Cheffer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Lab, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Feng H, Xu Y, Luo S, Dang H, Liu K, Sun WQ. Evaluation and preservation of vascular architectures in decellularized whole rat kidneys. Cryobiology 2020; 95:72-79. [PMID: 32526236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the gold standard treatment for end-stage organ failure. Due to the severe shortage of transplantable organs, only a tiny fraction of patients may receive timely organ transplantation every year. Decellularization-recellularization technology using allogeneic and xenogeneic organs is currently conceived to be a promising solution to generate functionally transplantable organs in vitro. This approach, however, still faces tremendous technological challenges, one of them being the ability to evaluate and preserve the integrity of vascular architectures upon decellularization and cryostorage of the whole organ matrices so that the off-the-shelf organ grafts are available on demand for clinical applications. In the present study, we report a Micro-CT imaging method for evaluating the integrity of vasculature of the decellularized whole organ scaffolds with/without freezing/thawing. The method uses radiopaque Microfil perfusion and x-ray fluoroscopy to acquire high-resolution angiography of the organ matrix. The whole rat kidney is decellularized using a new multistep perfusion protocol with the combined use of Triton X-100 and DNase. The decellularized kidney matrix is then cryopreserved after the pretreatment with different cryoprotectant solutions. The reconstructed tomographic images from Micro-CT confirm various structural alterations in the vasculature of the whole decellularized kidney matrix with/without frozen storage. The freezing damage to the vascular architectures can be reduced by perfusing cryoprotectant solutions into the whole kidney matrix. Ice-free cryopreservation with the vitrification solution VS83 can successfully preserve the integrity of the whole kidney matrix's vasculature after frozen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikao Feng
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Sichang Luo
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hangyu Dang
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Wendell Q Sun
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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25
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Edgar L, Pu T, Porter B, Aziz JM, La Pointe C, Asthana A, Orlando G. Regenerative medicine, organ bioengineering and transplantation. Br J Surg 2020; 107:793-800. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Organ transplantation is predicted to increase as life expectancy and the incidence of chronic diseases rises. Regenerative medicine-inspired technologies challenge the efficacy of the current allograft transplantation model.
Methods
A literature review was conducted using the PubMed interface of MEDLINE from the National Library of Medicine. Results were examined for relevance to innovations of organ bioengineering to inform analysis of advances in regenerative medicine affecting organ transplantation. Data reports from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipient and Organ Procurement Transplantation Network from 2008 to 2019 of kidney, pancreas, liver, heart, lung and intestine transplants performed, and patients currently on waiting lists for respective organs, were reviewed to demonstrate the shortage and need for transplantable organs.
Results
Regenerative medicine technologies aim to repair and regenerate poorly functioning organs. One goal is to achieve an immunosuppression-free state to improve quality of life, reduce complications and toxicities, and eliminate the cost of lifelong antirejection therapy. Innovative strategies include decellularization to fabricate acellular scaffolds that will be used as a template for organ manufacturing, three-dimensional printing and interspecies blastocyst complementation. Induced pluripotent stem cells are an innovation in stem cell technology which mitigate both the ethical concerns associated with embryonic stem cells and the limitation of other progenitor cells, which lack pluripotency. Regenerative medicine technologies hold promise in a wide array of fields and applications, such as promoting regeneration of native cell lines, growth of new tissue or organs, modelling of disease states, and augmenting the viability of existing ex vivo transplanted organs.
Conclusion
The future of organ bioengineering relies on furthering understanding of organogenesis, in vivo regeneration, regenerative immunology and long-term monitoring of implanted bioengineered organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Edgar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - T Pu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - B Porter
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - J M Aziz
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - C La Pointe
- Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - A Asthana
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - G Orlando
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Rajab TK, O’Malley TJ, Tchantchaleishvili V. Decellularized scaffolds for tissue engineering: Current status and future perspective. Artif Organs 2020; 44:1031-1043. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. O’Malley
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA
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27
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Belleghem SMV, Mahadik B, Snodderly KL, Fisher JP. Overview of Tissue Engineering Concepts and Applications. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Padhi A, Nain AS. ECM in Differentiation: A Review of Matrix Structure, Composition and Mechanical Properties. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:1071-1089. [PMID: 31485876 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell regenerative potential owing to the capacity to self-renew as well as differentiate into other cell types is a promising avenue in regenerative medicine. Stem cell niche not only provides physical scaffolding but also possess instructional capacity as it provides a milieu of biophysical and biochemical cues. Extracellular matrix (ECM) has been identified as a major dictator of stem cell lineage, thus understanding the structure of in vivo ECM pertaining to specific tissue differentiation will aid in devising in vitro strategies to improve the differentiation efficiency. In this review, we summarize details about the native architecture, composition and mechanical properties of in vivo ECM of the early embryonic stages and the later adult stages. Native ECM from adult tissues categorized on their origin from respective germ layers are discussed while engineering techniques employed to facilitate differentiation of stem cells into particular lineages are noted. Overall, we emphasize that in vitro strategies need to integrate tissue specific ECM biophysical cues for developing accurate artificial environments for optimizing stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Padhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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29
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Zhang J, Li K, Kong F, Sun C, Zhang D, Yu X, Wang X, Li X, Liu T, Shao G, Guan Y, Zhao S. Induced Intermediate Mesoderm Combined with Decellularized Kidney Scaffolds for Functional Engineering Kidney. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:501-512. [PMID: 31624705 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease is a severe threat to human health with no ideal treatment strategy. Mature mammalian kidneys have a fixed number of nephrons, and regeneration is difficult once they are damaged. For this reason, developing an efficient approach to achieve kidney regeneration is necessary. The technology of the combination of decellularized kidney scaffolds with stem cells has emerged as a new strategy; however, in previous studies, the differentiation of stem cells in decellularized scaffolds was insufficient for functional kidney regeneration, and many problems remain. Methods We used 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to produce rat kidney decellularized scaffolds, and induce adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into intermediate mesoderm by adding Wnt agonist CHIR99021 and FGF9 in vitro. The characteristics of decellularized scaffolds and intermediate mesoderm induced from adipose-derived stem cells were identified. The scaffolds were recellularized with ADSCs and intermediate mesoderm cells through the renal artery and ureter. After cocultured for 10 days, cells adhesion and differentiation was evaluated. Results Intermediate mesoderm cells were successfully induced from ADSCs and identified by immunofluorescence and Western blotting assays (OSR1 + , PAX2 +). Immunofluorescence showed that intermediate mesoderm cells differentiated into tubular-like (E-CAD + , GATA3 +) and podocyte-like (WT1 +) cells with higher differentiation efficiency than ADSCs in the decellularized scaffolds. Comparatively, this phenomenon was not observed in induced intermediate mesoderm cells cultured in vitro. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated that intermediate mesoderm cells could be induced from ADSCs and that they could differentiate well after cocultured with decellularized scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Zhang
- 1Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Kailin Li
- 2Department of Central Research Lab, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Kong
- 2Department of Central Research Lab, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China.,4Shandong University- Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Sun
- 2Department of Central Research Lab, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Denglu Zhang
- 5The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16369 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250011 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- 1Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesheng Wang
- 1Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- 6The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyan Liu
- 6The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfeng Shao
- 1Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Guan
- 1Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China.,7Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtian Zhao
- 1Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China.,4Shandong University- Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People's Republic of China.,7Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021 Shandong People's Republic of China
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30
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Woolf AS. Growing a new human kidney. Kidney Int 2019; 96:871-882. [PMID: 31399199 PMCID: PMC6856720 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are 3 reasons to generate a new human kidney. The first is to learn more about the biology of the developing and mature organ. The second is to generate tissues with which to model congenital and acquired kidney diseases. In particular, growing human kidneys in this manner ultimately should help us understand the mechanisms of common chronic kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and others featuring fibrosis, as well as nephrotoxicity. The third reason is to provide functional kidney tissues that can be used directly in regenerative medicine therapies. The second and third reasons to grow new human kidneys are especially compelling given the millions of persons worldwide whose lives depend on a functioning kidney transplant or long-term dialysis, as well as those with end-stage renal disease who die prematurely because they are unable to access these treatments. As shown in this review, the aim to create healthy human kidney tissues has been partially realized. Moreover, the technology shows promise in terms of modeling genetic disease. In contrast, barely the first steps have been taken toward modeling nongenetic chronic kidney diseases or using newly grown human kidney tissue for regenerative medicine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Vishwakarma SK, Lakkireddy C, Bardia A, Paspala SAB, Khan AA. Engineering bio-mimetic humanized neurological constructs using acellularized scaffolds of cryopreserved meningeal tissues. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:34-44. [PMID: 31147006 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most precarious conditions which have been one of the major reasons for continuous increasing mortality rate of SCI patients. Currently, there is no effective treatment modality for SCI patients posing major threat to the scientific and medical community. The available strategies don't mimic with the natural processes of nervous tissues repair/regeneration and majority of the approaches may induce the additional fibrotic or immunological response at the injury site and are not readily available on demand. To overcome these hurdles, we have developed a ready to use bioengineered human functional neurological construct (BHNC) for regenerative applications in SCI defects. We used cryopreserved meningeal tissues (CMT) for bioengineering these neurological constructs using acellularization and repopulation technology. The technology adopted herein generates intact neurological scaffolds from CMT and retains several crucial structural, biochemical and mechanical cues to enhance the regenerative mechanisms. The neurogenic differentiation on CMT scaffolds was almost similar to the freshly prepared meningeal scaffolds and mimics with the natural nervous tissue developmental mechanisms which offer intact 3D-microarchitecture and hospitable microenvironment enriched with several crucial neurotrophins for long-term cell survival and function. Functional assessment of developed BHNC showed highly increased positive staining for pre-synaptic granules of Synapsis-1 along with MAP-2 antibody with punctuate distribution in axonal regions of the neuronal cells which was well supported by the gene expression analysis of functional transcripts. Given the significant improvement in the field may enable to generate more such ready to use functional BHNC for wider applicability in SCI repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandrakala Lakkireddy
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Avinash Bardia
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Syed Ameer Basha Paspala
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Sarkar B, Nguyen PK, Gao W, Dondapati A, Siddiqui Z, Kumar VA. Angiogenic Self-Assembling Peptide Scaffolds for Functional Tissue Regeneration. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3597-3611. [PMID: 30132656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Implantation of acellular biomimetic scaffolds with proangiogenic motifs may have exciting clinical utility for the treatment of ischemic pathologies such as myocardial infarction. Although direct delivery of angiogenic proteins is a possible treatment option, smaller synthetic peptide-based nanostructured alternatives are being investigated due to favorable factors, such as sustained efficacy and high-density epitope presentation of functional moieties. These peptides may be implanted in vivo at the site of ischemia, bypassing the first-pass metabolism and enabling long-term retention and sustained efficacy. Mimics of angiogenic proteins show tremendous potential for clinical use. We discuss possible approaches to integrate the functionality of such angiogenic peptide mimics into self-assembled peptide scaffolds for application in functional tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vivek A Kumar
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine , Newark , New Jersey 07101 , United States
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Decellularized kidney matrix as functional material for whole organ tissue engineering. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e326-e333. [PMID: 29131298 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal transplantation is currently the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease, which represents one of the major current public health problems. However, the number of available donor kidneys is drastically insufficient to meet the demand, causing prolonged waiting lists. For this reason, tissue engineering offers great potential to increase the pool of donated organs for kidney transplantation, by way of seeding cells on supporting scaffolding material. Biological scaffolds are prepared by removing cellular components from the donor organs using a decellularization process with detergents, enzymes or other cell lysing solutions. Extracellular matrix which makes up the scaffold is critical to directing the cell attachment and to creating a suitable environment for cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Researchers are now studying whole intact scaffolds produced from the kidneys of animals or humans without adversely affecting extracellular matrix, biological activity and mechanical integrity. The process of recellularization includes cell seeding strategies and the choice of the cell source to repopulate the scaffold. This is the most difficult phase, due to the complexity of the kidney. Indeed, no studies have provided sufficient results of complete renal scaffold repopulation and differentiation. This review summarizes the research that has been conducted to obtain decellularized kidney scaffolds and to repopulate the scaffolds, evaluating the best cell sources, the cell seeding methods and the cell differentiation in kidney scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girdhari Rijal
- Department of Biomedical Science, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
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