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Gonzalez K, Merlin AC, Roye E, Ju B, Lee Y, Chicco AJ, Chung E. Voluntary Wheel Running Reduces Cardiometabolic Risks in Female Offspring Exposed to Lifelong High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1378-1389. [PMID: 38595204 PMCID: PMC11250925 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal and postnatal overnutrition has been linked to an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in offspring. This study investigated the impact of adult-onset voluntary wheel running to counteract cardiometabolic risks in female offspring exposed to a life-long high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. METHODS Dams were fed either an HFHS or a low-fat, low-sucrose (LFLS) diet starting from 8 wk before pregnancy and continuing throughout gestation and lactation. Offspring followed their mothers' diets. At 15 wk of age, they were divided into sedentary (Sed) or voluntary wheel running (Ex) groups, resulting in four groups: LFLS/Sed ( n = 10), LFLS/Ex ( n = 5), HFHS/Sed ( n = 6), HFHS/Ex ( n = 5). Cardiac function was assessed at 25 wk, with tissue collection at 26 wk for mitochondrial respiratory function and protein analysis. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. RESULTS Although maternal HFHS diet did not affect the offspring's body weight at weaning, continuous HFHS feeding postweaning resulted in increased body weight and adiposity, irrespective of the exercise regimen. HFHS/Sed offspring showed increased left ventricular wall thickness and elevated expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid transport (CD36, FABP3), lipogenesis (DGAT), glucose transport (GLUT4), oxidative stress (protein carbonyls, nitrotyrosine), and early senescence markers (p16, p21). Their cardiac mitochondria displayed lower oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) efficiency and reduced expression of OXPHOS complexes and fatty acid metabolism enzymes (ACSL5, CPT1B). However, HFHS/Ex offspring mitigated these effects, aligning more with LFLS/Sed offspring. CONCLUSIONS Adult-onset voluntary wheel running effectively counteracts the detrimental cardiac effects of a lifelong HFHS diet, improving mitochondrial efficiency, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing early senescence. This underscores the significant role of physical activity in mitigating diet-induced cardiometabolic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Gonzalez
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Andrea Chiñas Merlin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Biomedical Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, MEXICO
| | - Erin Roye
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Beomsoo Ju
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL
| | - Youngil Lee
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL
| | - Adam J. Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Eunhee Chung
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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Xue B, Yu Y, Beltz TG, Guo F, Wei SG, Johnson AK. Voluntary Exercise Eliminates Maternal Gestational Hypertension-Induced Hypertensive Response Sensitization to Postweaning High-Fat Diet in Male Adult Offspring. Hypertension 2022; 79:2016-2027. [PMID: 35730432 PMCID: PMC9378552 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has profound effects on cardiovascular function and metabolism in both physiological and pathophysiological states. The present study tested whether voluntary exercise would protect male offspring against maternal gestational hypertension-induced hypertensive response sensitization elicited by post-weaning high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS On low-lard-fat diet, offspring of both normotensive and hypertensive dams had comparable resting blood pressure, but HFD feeding elicited an enhanced increase in blood pressure (ie, hypertensive response sensitization) in sedentary offspring of hypertensive dams when compared with sedentary offspring of normotensive dams. The HFD fed sedentary offspring of hypertensive dams displayed greater sympathetic activity, enhanced pressor responses to centrally administered ANG II (angiotensin II) or leptin, and greater mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, leptin, and a marker of blood-brain barrier leakage in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The enhanced blood pressure and central sympathetic activity in HFD-fed sedentary offspring of hypertensive dams were significantly reduced by exercise but fell only to levels comparable to HFD-fed exercising offspring of normotensive dams. HFD-induced increases in plasma IL-6 (interleukin-6) and sympathetic activity and greater pressor responses to central TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α in offspring from both normotensive and hypertensive dams were also maintained after exercise. Nevertheless, exercise had remarkably beneficial effects on metabolic and autonomic function, brain reactivity to ANG II and leptin and gene expression of brain prohypertensive factors in all offspring. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary exercise plays a beneficial role in preventing maternal hypertension-induced hypertensive response sensitization, and that this is associated with attenuation of enhanced brain reactivity and centrally driven sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Xue
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Terry G. Beltz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shun-Guang Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alan Kim Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Proteomic analysis of the effect of high-fat-diet and voluntary physical activity on mouse liver. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273049. [PMID: 35981048 PMCID: PMC9387828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), characterized by an abnormal accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, is closely linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and changes in lipogenesis in the liver. The accumulation of hepatic lipids can lead to a range of pathologies from mild steatosis to severe cirrhosis. Endurance exercise is known to ameliorate the adverse health effects of NAFLD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of voluntary wheel running (VWR) on the metabolic changes in the livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice and used LC-MS/MS (Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) to determine whether the tested intervention affected the protein expression profiles of the mouse livers. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control (CON), high-fat diet sedentary group (HFD), high-fat diet VWR group (HFX). HFX group performed voluntary wheel running into individually cages, given a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Food consumption, body weight, and running distance were measured every week. Using 2D (2-dimensional)-gel electrophoresis, we detected and quantitatively analyzed the protein expression with >2.0-fold change in the livers of HFD-fed mice, HFD-fed exercise (HFX) mice, and chow-fed mice. Body weight was significantly increased in HFD compared to CON (P < 0.05). The 2D-gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that there was a difference between CON and HFD groups, showing 31 increased and 27 decreased spots in the total 302 paired spots in the HFD group compared to CON. The analysis showed 43 increased and 17 decreased spots in the total 258 spots in the HFX group compared to CON. Moreover, 12 weeks of VWR showed an increase of 35 and a decrease of 8 spots in a total of 264 paired spots between HFD and HFX. LC-MS/MS of HFD group revealed that proteins involved in ketogenesis, lipid metabolism, and the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics were upregulated, whereas detoxifying proteins, mitochondrial precursors, transport proteins, proteasomes, and proteins involved in amino acid metabolism were downregulated. On the other hand, VWR counteracted the protein expression profile of HFD-fed mice by upregulating molecular chaperones, gluconeogenesis-, detoxification-, proteasome-, and energy metabolism-related proteins. This study provided a molecular understanding of the HFD- and exercise-induced protein marker expression and presented the beneficial effects of exercise during pathophysiological conditions.
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Atashak S, Stannard SR, Daraei A, Soltani M, Saeidi A, Moradi F, Laher I, Hackney AC, Zouhal H. High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Lipocalin-2 and Omentin-1 Levels in Men with Obesity. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:328-335. [PMID: 34320659 DOI: 10.1055/a-1560-5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on selected circulating adipokines and other cardiovascular diseases risks factors in men with obesity. Thirty men with obesity (age: 24.96 ± 3.11 year, BMI: 30.92 ± 1.04 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to HIIT and control groups. The HIIT group participated in a 12-week HIIT program (5×2 min interval bout at an intensity of 85-95% HRmax interspersed by 1 min passive recovery, three times per week), while the control group maintained their usual lifestyles. Blood lipids, insulin resistance, and select serum adipokines were assessed before and after 12 weeks of the intervention period. HIIT improved body composition and lipid profiles (p<0.05) and also decreased fasting insulin levels (p=0.001) and HOMA-IR (p=0.002) levels. Furthermore, HIIT increased levels of lipocalin-2 (p=0.002) while decreasing omentin-1 levels (p=0.001) in men with obesity. Changes in lcn2 and omentin-1 concentrations correlated with the changes in risk factors in the HIIT group (p<0.05). The results indicate that 12 weeks of supervised HIIT significantly improves both circulating concentrations of lcn2 and omentin-1, two recently described adipokines, and risk markers of cardiovascular diseases in men with obesity. Further research is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms involved with these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirvan Atashak
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran, Department of Exercise Physiology, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran, Mahabad, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Stephen R Stannard
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, New Zealand., School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, New Zealand., Massey, New Zealand
| | - Ali Daraei
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport,, 1. Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran, Babolsar, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Fatah Moradi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Saghez Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saghez, Iran, Department of Exercise Physiology, Saghez Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saghez, Iran, Saghez, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada., Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada., Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Hassane Zouhal
- UFR APS, laboratoire Mouvement Sport Sante, Rennes, France
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Shrestha N, Ezechukwu HC, Holland OJ, Hryciw DH. Developmental programming of peripheral diseases in offspring exposed to maternal obesity during pregnancy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R507-R516. [PMID: 32877239 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00214.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing global health epidemic that affects all ages, including women of reproductive age. During pregnancy, maternal obesity is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes that lead to complications for the mother. In addition, maternal obesity can increase the risk of poor perinatal outcomes for the infant due to altered development. Recent research has investigated the effects of maternal obesity on peripheral organ development and health in later life in offspring. In this review, we have summarized studies that investigated the programming effects of maternal obesity before and during pregnancy on metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, and microbiome perturbations in offspring. Epidemiological studies investigating the effects of maternal obesity on offspring development can be complex due to other copathologies and genetic diversity. Animal studies have provided some insights into the specific mechanisms and pathways involved in programming peripheral disease risk. The effects of maternal obesity during pregnancy on offspring development are often sex specific, with sex-specific changes in placental transport and function suggestive that this organ is likely to play a central role. We believe that this review will assist in facilitating future investigations regarding the underlying mechanisms that link maternal obesity and offspring disease risk in peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henry C Ezechukwu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, EKO University of Medicine and Health Science, Ijanikin, Nigeria
| | - Olivia J Holland
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deanne H Hryciw
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Role of GDF15 in active lifestyle induced metabolic adaptations and acute exercise response in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20120. [PMID: 31882966 PMCID: PMC6934564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is an important contributor to muscle adaptation and metabolic health. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is established as cellular and nutritional stress-induced cytokine but its physiological role in response to active lifestyle or acute exercise is unknown. Here, we investigated the metabolic phenotype and circulating GDF15 levels in lean and obese male C57Bl/6J mice with long-term voluntary wheel running (VWR) intervention. Additionally, treadmill running capacity and exercise-induced muscle gene expression was examined in GDF15-ablated mice. Active lifestyle mimic via VWR improved treadmill running performance and, in obese mice, also metabolic phenotype. The post-exercise induction of skeletal muscle transcriptional stress markers was reduced by VWR. Skeletal muscle GDF15 gene expression was very low and only transiently increased post-exercise in sedentary but not in active mice. Plasma GDF15 levels were only marginally affected by chronic or acute exercise. In obese mice, VWR reduced GDF15 gene expression in different tissues but did not reverse elevated plasma GDF15. Genetic ablation of GDF15 had no effect on exercise performance but augmented the post exercise expression of transcriptional exercise stress markers (Atf3, Atf6, and Xbp1s) in skeletal muscle. We conclude that skeletal muscle does not contribute to circulating GDF15 in mice, but muscle GDF15 might play a protective role in the exercise stress response.
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Kasch J, Kanzleiter I, Saussenthaler S, Schürmann A, Keijer J, van Schothorst E, Klaus S, Schumann S. Insulin sensitivity linked skeletal muscle Nr4a1 DNA methylation is programmed by the maternal diet and modulated by voluntary exercise in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:86-92. [PMID: 29680662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal maternal high-fat consumption is known to increase the obesity and type 2 diabetes susceptibility and to impair exercise performance in the offspring. We hypothesize that epigenetic modifications in the skeletal muscle are partly responsible for this phenotype. To detect skeletal muscle genes affected by maternal nutrition, male offspring of low-fat (LF) and high-fat (HF) diet fed dams (BL6 mice) received LF diet upon weaning and were sacrificed at 6 or 25 weeks of age. Gene expression of Musculus quadriceps was investigated by microarray analysis revealing an up-regulation of the nuclear receptor Nr4a1 by maternal HF feeding. This was accompanied by promoter hypomethylation of CpG-1408 which correlated with increased Nr4a1 gene expression at both ages. Offspring voluntary exercise training (by supplying running wheels from 7 to 25 weeks of age) normalized Nr4a1 methylation and gene expression respectively, and ameliorated the negative effects of maternal HF feeding on insulin sensitivity. Overall, Nr4a1 gene expression in skeletal muscle correlated with higher insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test and could, therefore, be involved in programming type 2 diabetes susceptibility in offspring exposed to perinatal high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Kasch
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Isabel Kanzleiter
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sophie Saussenthaler
- Department of Experimental Diabetology German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700AH Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Evert van Schothorst
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700AH Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Klaus
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Sara Schumann
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Correction: Beneficial effects of exercise on offspring obesity and insulin resistance are reduced by maternal high-fat diet. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175100. [PMID: 28350878 PMCID: PMC5370150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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