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Yu J, Gao X, Zhang L, Shi H, Yan Y, Han Y, Wu C, Liu Y, Fang M, Huang C, Fan S. Magnolol extends lifespan and improves age-related neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans via increase of stress resistance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3158. [PMID: 38326350 PMCID: PMC10850488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnolol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound in many edible plants, which has various biological effects including anti-aging and alleviating neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanism on longevity is uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effect of magnolol on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans and explored the mechanism. The results showed that magnolol treatment significantly extended the lifespan of nematode and alleviated senescence-related decline in the nematode model. Meanwhile, magnolol enhanced stress resistance to heat shock, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), mercuric potassium chloride (MeHgCl) and paraquat (PQ) in nematode. In addition, magnolol reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) activities in nematodes. Magnolol also up-regulated gene expression of sod-3, hsp16.2, ctl-3, daf-16, skn-1, hsf-1, sir2.1, etc., down-regulated gene expression of daf-2, and promoted intranuclear translocation of daf-16 in nematodes. The lifespan-extending effect of magnolol were reversed in insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) pathway-related mutant lines, including daf-2, age-1, daf-16, skn-1, hsf-1 and sir-2.1, suggesting that IIS signaling is involved in the modulation of longevity by magnolol. Furthermore, magnolol improved the age-related neurodegeneration in PD and AD C. elegans models. These results indicate that magnolol may enhance lifespan and health span through IIS and sir-2.1 pathways. Thus, the current findings implicate magnolol as a potential candidate to ameliorate the symptoms of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingxuan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Minglv Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Ni R. PET imaging in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114174. [PMID: 36283568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, are characterized by aberrant accumulation of alpha-synuclein and synaptic dysfunction leading to motor and cognitive deficits. Animal models of alpha-synucleinopathy have greatly facilitated the mechanistic understanding of the disease and the development of therapeutics. Various transgenic, alpha-synuclein fibril-injected, and toxin-injected animal models of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy that recapitulate the disease pathology have been developed and widely used. Recent advances in positron emission tomography have allowed the noninvasive visualization of molecular alterations, underpinning behavioral dysfunctions in the brains of animal models and the longitudinal monitoring of treatment effects. Imaging studies in these disease animal models have employed multi-tracer PET designs to reveal dopaminergic deficits together with other molecular alterations. This review focuses on the development of new positron emission tomography tracers and studies of alpha-synuclein, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A neurotransmitter receptor deficits such as dopaminergic receptor, dopaminergic transporter, serotonergic receptor, vesicular monoamine transporter 2, hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 in animal models of Parkinson's disease. The outstanding challenges and emerging applications are outlined, such as investigating the gut-brain-axis by using positron emission tomography in animal models, and provide a future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Real CC, Binda KH, Thomsen MB, Lillethorup TP, Brooks DJ, Landau AM. Selecting the Best Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease for Your Research Purpose: Insight from in vivo PET Imaging Studies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1241-1272. [PMID: 36797611 PMCID: PMC10286593 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230216101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative multisystem disorder leading to motor and non-motor symptoms in millions of individuals. Despite intense research, there is still no cure, and early disease biomarkers are lacking. Animal models of PD have been inspired by basic elements of its pathogenesis, such as dopamine dysfunction, alpha-synuclein accumulation, neuroinflammation and disruption of protein degradation, and these have been crucial for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of pathology, the identification of biomarkers, and evaluation of novel therapies. Imaging biomarkers are non-invasive tools to assess disease progression and response to therapies; their discovery and validation have been an active field of translational research. Here, we highlight different considerations of animal models of PD that can be applied to future research, in terms of their suitability to answer different research questions. We provide the reader with important considerations of the best choice of model to use based on the disease features of each model, including issues related to different species. In addition, positron emission tomography studies conducted in PD animal models in the last 5 years are presented. With a variety of different species, interventions and genetic information, the choice of the most appropriate model to answer research questions can be daunting, especially since no single model recapitulates all aspects of this complex disorder. Appropriate animal models in conjunction with in vivo molecular imaging tools, if selected properly, can be a powerful combination for the assessment of novel therapies and developing tools for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cristiano Real
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Majken Borup Thomsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thea Pinholt Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David James Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle, Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne Marlene Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Anti-nociceptive effects of magnolol via inhibition of TRPV1/P2Y and TLR4/NF-κB signaling in a postoperative pain model. Life Sci 2022; 312:121202. [PMID: 36414090 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The current study explored the anti-nociceptive activity of magnolol in post-incisional inflammatory nociceptive pain. MAIN METHODS Preliminary, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective potential of magnolol were confirmed against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced PC12 cells. Next, an in-vivo model of planter incision surgery was established in BALB/c mice. Tramadol 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) and magnolol (0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg i.p. + 10 mg/kg intra planter) were administered after plantar incision surgery and behavior parameters were measured. KEY FINDINGS The results indicate that magnolol significantly suppressed post-incision-induced mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and paw edema. Magnolol promisingly inhibited post-incision induces nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and neutrophil infiltration. Magnolol strongly attenuated post-incision inducing the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inhibited deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. Magnolol markedly reverses post-incisional histopathological changes and biochemical composition of the incised paw. Magnolol markedly down-regulated post-incisional increase expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), purinergic (P2Y) nociceptors as well as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) while upregulating the expression of inhibitor of nuclear kappa B alpha (IκB-α). SIGNIFICANCE The present study strongly suggests that magnolol significantly suppressed post-incisional inflammatory nociceptive pain by targeting TRPV1/P2Y and TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
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Magnolol upregulates CHRM1 to attenuate Amyloid-β-triggered neuronal injury through regulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. J Nat Med 2021; 76:188-199. [PMID: 34705126 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal degeneration and hyperphosphorylated Tau. Magnolol is an active component isolated from Magnolia officinalis with potential neuroprotection activity. However, the function and mechanism of magnolol in AD progression is largely uncertain. In present study, the biomarkers related to AD and magnolol were predicted by bioinformatics analyses. The key biomarker levels were predicted by GSE5281 and GSE36980 using AlzData. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. mRNA and protein levels were examined by qRT-PCR and western blotting assays. Cell apoptosis was investigated by caspase-3 activity and flow cytometry analyses. The cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling was evaluated by ELISA and western blotting analyses. The results showed that CHRM1 was a key biomarker for magnolol against AD progression. Magnolol attenuated Aβ-induced viability inhibition, Tau hyperphosphorylation and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by upregulating CHRM1. In addition, the cAMP signaling might be a potential pathway of CHRM1 in AD. Magnolol contributed to activation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway through enhancing CHRM1 level. Inactivation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling reversed the suppressive effect of magnolol on Tau hyperphosphorylation and apoptosis in Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells. As a conclusion, magnolol mitigated Aβ-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuron apoptosis by upregulating CHRM1 and activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.
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Li H, He YH, Hu YM, Chu QR, Chen YJ, Wu ZR, Zhang ZJ, Liu YQ, Yang CJ, Liang HJ, Yan YF. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Magnolol Derivatives as Antifungal Agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11781-11793. [PMID: 34582205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi seriously affect agricultural production and are difficult to control. The discovery of new leads based on natural products is an important way to innovate fungicides. In this study, 30 natural-product-based magnolol derivatives were synthesized and characterized on the basis of NMR and mass spectroscopy. Bioactivity tests on phytopathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in vitro of these compounds were performed systematically. The results showed that 11 compounds were active against four kinds of phytopathogenic fungi with EC50 values in the range of 1.40-20.00 μg/mL, especially compound L5 that exhibited excellent antifungal properties against B. cinerea with an EC50 value of 2.86 μg/mL, approximately 2.8-fold more potent than magnolol (EC50 = 8.13 μg/mL). Moreover, compound L6 showed the highest antifungal activity against F. graminearum and Rhophitulus solani with EC50 values of 4.39 and 1.40 μg/mL, respectively, and compound L7 showed good antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum. Then, an in vivo experiment of compound L5 against B. cinerea was further investigated in vivo using infected tomatoes (curative effect, 50/200 and 36%/100 μg/mL). The physiological and biochemical studies illustrated that the primary action mechanism of compound L5 on B. cinerea might change the mycelium morphology, increase cell membrane permeability, and destroy the function of mitochondria. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that hydroxyl groups play a key role in antifungal activity. To sum up, this study provides a reference for understanding the application of magnolol-based antifungal agents in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Mei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ru Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Rong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Fang Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Tao W, Hu Y, Chen Z, Dai Y, Hu Y, Qi M. Magnolol attenuates depressive-like behaviors by polarizing microglia towards the M2 phenotype through the regulation of Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153692. [PMID: 34411834 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnolol (MA) exhibits anti-depressant effect by inhibiting inflammation. However, its effect on microglia polarization remains not fully understood. Herein, our study was performed to evaluate the effect of MA on microglia polarization in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression and explore its potential mechanism. STUDY DESIGN The CUMS procedure was conducted, and the mice were intragastrically treated with MA. BV2 cells were pretreated with MA prior to LPS/ATP challenge. METHODS The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-4, IL-10 in brain and BV2 cells were examined by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of Arg1, Ym1, Fizz1 and Klf4 in brains were measured. ROS content was determined using flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence was employed to evaluate Iba-1 level, Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Iba-1+CD16/32+ and Iba-1+CD206+ cell population. The protein expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, NLRP3, caspase-1 p20 and IL-1β in brains and BV2 cells were investigated by western blot. Nrf2 siRNA was induced in experiments to explore the role of Nrf2 in MA-mediated microglia polarization. The ubiquitination of Nrf2 was visualized by Co-IP. RESULTS The treatment with MA notably relieved depressive like behaviors, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoted anti-inflammatory cytokines and the transcription of M2 phenotype microglia-specific indicators. MA upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, downregulated the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 p20, IL-1β both in vivo and in vitro. MA also reduced ROS concentration, promoted Nrf2 nucleus translocation and prevented Nrf2 ubiquitination. Nrf2 Knockdown by siRNA abolished the MA-mediated microglia polarization. CONCLUSION The present research demonstrated that MA attenuated CUMS-stimulated depression by inhibiting M1 polarization and inducing M2 polarization via Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 220023, China
| | - Yuwen Hu
- Jiangsu Medical Device Testing Institute, Nanjing 220023, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxin Dai
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingming Qi
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Santos J, Quimque MT, Liman RA, Agbay JC, Macabeo APG, Corpuz MJA, Wang YM, Lu TT, Lin CH, Villaflores OB. Computational and Experimental Assessments of Magnolol as a Neuroprotective Agent and Utilization of UiO-66(Zr) as Its Drug Delivery System. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24382-24396. [PMID: 34604621 PMCID: PMC8482410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic natural product magnolol exhibits neuroprotective properties through β-amyloid toxicity in PC-12 cells and ameliorative effects against cognitive deficits in a TgCRND8 transgenic mice model. Its bioavailability and blood-brain barrier crossing ability have been significantly improved using the metal-organic framework (MOF) UiO-66(Zr) as a drug delivery system (DDS). To investigate the neuroprotective effects of the Zr-based DDS, magnolol and magnolol-loaded-UiO-66(Zr) (Mag@UiO-66(Zr)) were evaluated for inhibitory activity against β-secretase and AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity. Due to the moderate inhibition observed for magnolol in vitro, in silico binding studies were explored against β-secretase along with 11 enzymes known to affect Alzheimer's disease (AD). Favorable binding energies against CDK2, CKD5, MARK, and phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) and dynamically stable complexes were noted through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation experiments, respectively. The magnolol-loaded DDS UiO-66(Zr) also showed enhanced neuroprotective activity against two pathological indices, namely, neutrophil infiltration and apoptotic neurons, in addition to damage reversal compared to magnolol. Thus, MOFs are promising drug delivery platforms for poorly bioavailable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Santos
- The
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Phytochemistry
Laboratory, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
| | - Mark Tristan Quimque
- The
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Laboratory
of Organic Reactivity, Discovery, and Synthesis (LORDS), Research
Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Rhenz Alfred Liman
- The
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Phytochemistry
Laboratory, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
| | - Jay Carl Agbay
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
- Philippine
Science High School-Central Mindanao Campus, 9217 Balo-i, Lanao del Norte, Philippines
| | - Allan Patrick G. Macabeo
- Laboratory
of Organic Reactivity, Discovery, and Synthesis (LORDS), Research
Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
| | - Mary Jho-Anne Corpuz
- The
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Pharmacology
Laboratory, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Santo Tomas, España
Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine
and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart
Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung
University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Te Lu
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, 30013 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- College
of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli District, 320 Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Oliver B. Villaflores
- The
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Phytochemistry
Laboratory, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
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Szałabska-Rąpała K, Borymska W, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Effectiveness of Magnolol, a Lignan from Magnolia Bark, in Diabetes, Its Complications and Comorbidities-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10050. [PMID: 34576213 PMCID: PMC8467064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, often accompanied by oxidative stress. Diabetes treatment is a complicated process in which, in addition to the standard pharmacological action, it is necessary to append a comprehensive approach. Introducing the aspect of non-pharmacological treatment of diabetes allows one to alleviate its many adverse complications. Therefore, it seems important to look for substances that, when included in the daily diet, can improve diabetic parameters. Magnolol, a polyphenolic compound found in magnolia bark, is known for its health-promoting activities and multidirectional beneficial effects on the body. Accordingly, the goal of this review is to systematize the available scientific literature on its beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes and its complications. Taking the above into consideration, the article collects data on the favorable effects of magnolol on parameters related to glycemia, lipid metabolism, or oxidative stress in the course of diabetes. After careful analysis of many scientific articles, it can be concluded that this lignan is a promising agent supporting the conventional therapies with antidiabetic drugs in order to manage diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szałabska-Rąpała
- Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Weronika Borymska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.B.); (I.K.-S.)
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Zhang LL, Qiu J, Hong JR, Xu XQ, Zhang GQ, Li G. Magnolol attenuates inflammatory pain by inhibiting sodium currents in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:869-877. [PMID: 34021831 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are currently recognized as one of the targets of analgesics. Magnolol (Mag), an active component isolated from Magnolia officinalis, has been reported to exhibit analgesic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the analgesic effect of Mag was associated with blocking Na+ channels. Inflammatory pain was induced by the injection of carrageenan into the hind paw of mice. Mag was administered orally. Mechanical hyperanalgesia was evaluated by using von Frey filaments. Na+ currents and neuronal excitability in acutely isolated mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were recorded with the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results showed that Mag (10 ~ 40 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited the paw edema and reduced mechanical pain in the inflammatory animal model. Injection of carrageenan significantly increased the amplitudes of TTX-sensitive and TTX-resistant Na+ currents. Compared with the carrageenan group, Mag inhibited the upregulation of two types of Na+ currents induced by carrageenan in a dose-dependent manner. Mag 40 mg/kg shifted the inactivation curves of two types of Na+ currents to hyperpolarization and returned to normal animal level without changing their activation curves. Mag 40 mg/kg significantly reduced the percentage of cells firing multiple spikes and inhibited the neuronal hyperexcitability induced by carrageenan. Our data suggest that the analgesic effect of Mag may be associated with a decreased neuronal excitability by blocking Na+ current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiang-Ru Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guang-Qin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Costas C, Faro LRF. Do naturally occurring antioxidants protect against neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic system? A systematic revision in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:432-459. [PMID: 33882808 PMCID: PMC9413795 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210421092725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by a significant decrease in dopamine levels, caused by progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Multiple mechanisms have been implicated in its pathogenesis, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, insufficient support for neurotrophic factors and cell apoptosis. The absence of treatments capable of slowing or stopping the progression of PD has increased the interest in the natural antioxidant substances present in the diet, since they have multiple beneficial properties and it is possible that they can influence the mechanisms responsible for the dysfunction and death of dopaminergic neurons. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the results obtained in a set of studies carried out in the last years, which describe the neuroprotective, antioxidant and regenerative functions of some naturally occurring antioxidants in experimental models of PD. The results show that the exogenous no enzymatic antioxidants can significantly modify the biochemical and behavioral mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism in experimental animals. Therefore, it is possible that they may contribute to effective neuroprotection by providing a significant improvement in neuropathological markers. In conclusion, the results of this review suggest that exogenous antioxidants can be promising therapeutic candidates for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Costas
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences. Faculty of Biology. University of Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - L R F Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences. Faculty of Biology. University of Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Xu Y, Tang J, Liu C, Zhao C, Cao S, Yu H, Chen Z, Xie M. MicroPET imaging of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 revealed the potentiation of (+)-dihydrotetrabenazine on MPTP-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:9-18. [PMID: 33647803 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) has been associated with the risk of PD. Genetic reduction of VMAT2 level is reported to increase the vulnerability for dopaminergic neurodegeneration. In this study, by using in vivo microPET imaging with a VMAT2 radioligand [18F]fluoropropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine ([18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ), we investigated the enhanced role of inhibiting VMAT2 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons. METHODS The (+)-α-dihydrotetrabenazine ((+)-DTBZ, an inhibitor of VMAT2, 5 mg/kg), or MPTP (low dose (ld): 10 mg/kg, high dose (hd): 30 mg/kg) or both of them were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6 mice for 5 or 10 consecutive days. MicroPET imaging with [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ was performed to test the dopaminergic neuronal integrity. [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ uptake in striatum was quantified as standardized uptake value (SUV). The pathological changes in the striata and substantia nigra were confirmed by measuring the DA contents and immunohistochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). RESULTS In vivo imaging results showed that the striatal SUVs of both DTBZ&MPTPld and MPTPhd groups were substantially declined compared to the baseline. Moreover, the striatal uptakes of [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ in DTBZ&MPTPld and MPTPhd groups were obviously lower than the control, DTBZ group and MPTPld group. Notably, the decrease of the striatal uptake in the DTBZ&MPTPld/10d group was more serious than the DTBZ&MPTPld/5d group and comparable to the MPTPhd group. Consistently, the ratios of DA metabolites to DA in DTBZ&MPTPld/10d and MPTPhd mice were significantly increased. The correlation analysis showed that SUVs were highly correlated to the striatal dopaminergic fiber density and TH-positive dopaminergic neuron number in the substantia nigra. CONCLUSIONS MicroPET brain imaging with [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ noninvasively revealed that (+)-DTBZ co-administration significantly aggravated the neurotoxicity of MPTP to dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that inhibition of VMAT2 may be related to the pathogenesis of PD and tracing VMAT2 activity with PET imaging is of potential value in monitoring PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jie Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Chunyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Zhengping Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China.
| | - Minhao Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Tan Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Ma R, Luo J, Hong H, Chen X, Wang S, Liu C, Zhang Y, Chen T. Rational Design of Thermosensitive Hydrogel to Deliver Nanocrystals with Intranasal Administration for Brain Targeting in Parkinson's Disease. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:9812523. [PMID: 34888525 PMCID: PMC8627567 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9812523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly detected in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD), presenting within the form of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as energy metabolism. Overcoming this dysfunction within brain tissues is an effective approach to treat PD, while unluckily, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) substantially impedes intracerebral drug delivery. In an effort to improve the delivery of efficacious therapeutic drugs to the brain, a drug delivery platform hydrogel (MAG-NCs@Gel) was designed by complexing magnolol (MAG)-nanocrystals (MAG-NCs) into the noninvasive thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) with self-gelation. The as-prepared MAG-NCs@Gel exhibited obvious improvements in drug solubility, the duration of residence with the nasal cavity, and the efficiency of brain targeting, respectively. Above all, continuous intranasal MAG-NCs@Gel delivery enabled MAG to cross the BBB and enter dopaminergic neurons, thereby effectively alleviating the symptoms of MPTP-induced PD. Taking advantage of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior of this delivery platform increases its viscoelasticity in nasal cavity, thus improving the efficiency of MAG-NCs transit across the BBB. As such, MAG-NCs@Gel represented an effective delivery platform capable of normalizing ROS and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mitochondria of dopaminergic neurons, consequently reversing the mitochondrial dysfunction and enhancing the behavioral skills of PD mice without adversely affecting normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jingshan Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Huijie Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Tang J, Xu Y, Liu C, Fang Y, Cao S, Zhao C, Huang H, Zou M, Chen Z. PET imaging with [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ in 6-OHDA-induced partial and full unilaterally-lesioned model rats of Parkinson's disease and the correlations to the biological data. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 90-91:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhao F, Tian H, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Yang H. Neuroprotective effect of rhaponticin against Parkinson disease: Insights from in vitro BV-2 model and in vivo MPTP-induced mice model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22631. [PMID: 32926752 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative illness associated with the loss or damage to neurons of the dopaminergic system in the brain. Few therapeutic approaches and considerable side effects of conventional drugs necessitate a new therapeutic agent to treat patients with PD. Rhaponticin is a natural hydroxystilbene, found in herbal plants such as Rheum rhaponticum, and known to have desirable biological activity including anti-inflammatory properties. However, the neuroinflammation on rhaponticin levels has only been investigated partially so far. So, the current study explored whether rhaponticin could ameliorate the pathophysiology observed in both the in vitro microglial BV-2 cells and the in vivo (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydropyridine [MPTP])-mediated PD model. The results show rhaponticin significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated microglial activation by suppressing nitric oxide synthase in conjunction with abridged reactive oxygen species production together with proinflammatory mediator reduction. In vivo rhaponticin treatment improves motor impairments as well as the loss of dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-treated mice possibly through suppression via mediators of inflammation. Taken together, these results offer evidence that rhaponticin exerts anti-inflammatory effects and neuroprotection in an LPS-induced microglial model and the MPTP-induced mouse models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng City, Henan, China
| | - Huijun Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Beiya Orthopedics Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hongan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Weng CC, Hsiao IT, Yang QF, Yao CH, Tai CY, Wu MF, Yen TC, Jang MK, Lin KJ. Characterization of 18F-PM-PBB3 ( 18F-APN-1607) Uptake in the rTg4510 Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071750. [PMID: 32290239 PMCID: PMC7181044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding, aggregation, and cerebral accumulation of tau deposits are hallmark features of Alzheimer’s disease. Positron emission tomography study of tau can facilitate the development of anti-tau treatment. Here, we investigated a novel tau tracer 18F-PM-PBB3 (18F-APN-1607) in a mouse model of tauopathy. Dynamic PET scans were collected in groups of rTg4510 transgenic mice at 2–11 months of age. Associations between distribution volume ratios (DVR) and standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) with cerebellum reference were used to determine the optimal scanning time and uptake pattern for each age. Immunohistochemistry staining of neurofibrillary tangles and autoradiography study was performed for ex vivo validation. An SUVR 40–70 min was most consistently correlated with DVR and was used in further analyses. Significant increased 18F-PM-PBB3 uptake in the brain cortex was found in six-month-old mice (+28.9%, p < 0.05), and increased further in the nine-month-old group (+38.8%, p < 0.01). The trend of increased SUVR value remained evident in the hippocampus and striatum regions except for cortex where uptake becomes slightly reduced in 11-month-old animals (+37.3%, p < 0.05). Radioactivity distributions from autoradiography correlate well to the presence of human tau (HT7 antibody) and hyperphosphorylated tau (antibody AT8) from the immunohistochemistry study of the adjacent brain sections. These findings supported that the 40–70 min 18F-PM-PBB3 PET scan with SUVR measurement can detect significantly increased tau deposits in a living rTg4510 transgenic mouse models as early as six-months-old. The result exhibited promising dynamic imaging capability of this novel tau tracer, and the above image characteristics should be considered in the design of longitudinal preclinical tau image studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chang Weng
- HARC and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.C.-W.); (I.-T.H.); (Q.-F.Y.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Tsung Hsiao
- HARC and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.C.-W.); (I.-T.H.); (Q.-F.Y.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Qing-Fang Yang
- HARC and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.C.-W.); (I.-T.H.); (Q.-F.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yin Tai
- APRINOIA Therapeutics Inc., Taipei 11503, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (M.-F.W.); (T.-C.Y.); (M.-K.J.)
| | - Meng-Fang Wu
- APRINOIA Therapeutics Inc., Taipei 11503, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (M.-F.W.); (T.-C.Y.); (M.-K.J.)
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- APRINOIA Therapeutics Inc., Taipei 11503, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (M.-F.W.); (T.-C.Y.); (M.-K.J.)
| | - Ming-Kuei Jang
- APRINOIA Therapeutics Inc., Taipei 11503, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (M.-F.W.); (T.-C.Y.); (M.-K.J.)
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Insights on the Multifunctional Activities of Magnolol. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1847130. [PMID: 31240205 PMCID: PMC6556366 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1847130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over years, various biological constituents are isolated from Traditional Chinese Medicine and confirmed to show multifunctional activities. Magnolol, a hydroxylated biphenyl natural compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, has been extensively documented and shows a range of biological activities. Many signaling pathways include, but are not limited to, NF-κB/MAPK, Nrf2/HO-1, and PI3K/Akt pathways, which are implicated in the biological functions mediated by magnolol. Thus, magnolol is considered as a promising therapeutic agent for clinic research. However, the low water solubility, the low bioavailability, and the rapid metabolism of magnolol dramatically limit its clinical application. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss the last five-year progress of the biological activities of magnolol, including anti-inflammatory, antimicroorganism, antioxidative, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protection, metabolism regulation, and ion-mediating activity.
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Radiotracers for imaging of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:75-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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