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San-José A, Mayor P, Carvalho B, El Bizri HR, Antunes AP, Antunez Correa M, Aquino R, Bodmer RE, Boubli JP, Carvalho EAR, Campos-Silva JV, Constantino PAL, de Paula MJ, Desbiez ALJ, Fang T, Gómez-Puerta LA, Knoop SB, Longin G, Morcatty TQ, Maranhão L, Massocato GF, Munari DP, Nunes AV, Puertas P, Oliveira MA, Pezzuti JCB, Richard-Hansen C, Santos G, Valsecchi J, von Mühlen EM, Bosmediano J, Rodó X. Climate determines transmission hotspots of Polycystic Echinococcosis, a life-threatening zoonotic disease, across Pan-Amazonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302661120. [PMID: 37549288 PMCID: PMC10438396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302661120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Echinococcosis (PE), a neglected life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by the cestode Echinococcus vogeli, is endemic in the Amazon. Despite being treatable, PE reaches a case fatality rate of around 29% due to late or missed diagnosis. PE is sustained in Pan-Amazonia by a complex sylvatic cycle. The hunting of its infected intermediate hosts (especially the lowland paca Cuniculus paca) enables the disease to further transmit to humans, when their viscera are improperly handled. In this study, we compiled a unique dataset of host occurrences (~86000 records) and disease infections (~400 cases) covering the entire Pan-Amazonia and employed different modeling and statistical tools to unveil the spatial distribution of PE's key animal hosts. Subsequently, we derived a set of ecological, environmental, climatic, and hunting covariates that potentially act as transmission risk factors and used them as predictors of two independent Maximum Entropy models, one for animal infections and one for human infections. Our findings indicate that temperature stability promotes the sylvatic circulation of the disease. Additionally, we show how El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) extreme events disrupt hunting patterns throughout Pan-Amazonia, ultimately affecting the probability of spillover. In a scenario where climate extremes are projected to intensify, climate change at regional level appears to be indirectly driving the spillover of E. vogeli. These results hold substantial implications for a wide range of zoonoses acquired at the wildlife-human interface for which transmission is related to the manipulation and consumption of wild meat, underscoring the pressing need for enhanced awareness and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià San-José
- Climate and Health Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona08003, Spain
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra08193, España
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
| | - Bruno Carvalho
- Climate and Health Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona08003, Spain
| | - Hani R. El Bizri
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, SalfordM5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - André Pinassi Antunes
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas69067-375, Brazil
| | - Miguel Antunez Correa
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
- Programa Putumayo Amazonas, Instituto del Bien Común, Loreto15072, Perú
| | - Rolando Aquino
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Trópico y de Altura, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Iquitos575, Peru
| | - Richard E. Bodmer
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
| | - Jean P. Boubli
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, SalfordM5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Elildo A. R. Carvalho
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Atibaia, SP12952-011, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro A. L. Constantino
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- US Forest Service - International Programs1 Thomas Circle NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC20005
| | - Milton José de Paula
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Altamira, Pará68377-630, Brazil
| | - Arnauld L. J. Desbiez
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul79040-290, Brazil
| | - Tula Fang
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
| | - Luis A. Gómez-Puerta
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima01, Peru
| | - Simon B. Knoop
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
| | - Guillaume Longin
- Parc Amazonien de Guyane, Maripasoula, French Guiana97370, France
| | - Thais Q. Morcatty
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, OxfordOX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Maranhão
- Research Group on Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecology, Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute, Tefé, Amazonas69553-225, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Favero Massocato
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Altamira, Pará68377-630, Brazil
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul79040-290, Brazil
| | - Daniel P. Munari
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
| | - André Valle Nunes
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Monitoring and Food Security, Knowledge Center on Biodiversity, Belo Horizonte31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pablo Puertas
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
| | - Marcela A. Oliveira
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Aparício Carvalho, Porto Velho76811-678, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Uso de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho76800-000, Brasil
| | - Juarez C. B. Pezzuti
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém66075110, Brasil
| | - Cécile Richard-Hansen
- Service Espèces à Enjeux, Direction de la Recherche et Appui Scientifique, Office Français de la Biodiversité/Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana97310, France
| | - Geovanna Santos
- Centro Universitário São Lucas, Porto Velho, Rondônia76805-846, Brazil
| | - João Valsecchi
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Research Group on Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecology, Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute, Tefé, Amazonas69553-225, Brasil
| | | | - John Bosmediano
- Departamento de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Científica de Perú, Iquitos16007, Peru
| | - Xavier Rodó
- Climate and Health Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona08003, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona08010, Spain
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Effects of the Density of Invasive Lantana camara Plants on the Biodiversity of Large and Small Mammals in the Groenkloof Nature Reserve (GNR) in South Africa. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020296. [PMID: 36829572 PMCID: PMC9953020 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Multi-scale approaches have been used to determine scales at which mammal species are responding to habitat destruction due to invasion, but the impacts of weeds on mammals have not been extensively studied, especially in Africa. Inside the Groenkloof Nature Reserve (GNR), we assessed how mammals are affected by an invasive weed Lantana camara. A series of models were applied to determine the differences in species abundance as well as richness, separated for large and small mammals. When diversity indices were used, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed no statistically significant difference between treatments (F5 = 0.233, p = 0.945) for large mammals. The results of a Generalised Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) showed that vegetation type (Wald χ22 = 120.156; p < 0.01) and foraging guilds (Wald χ23 = 76.771; p < 0.01) were significant predictors of large mammal species richness. However, for small mammals, the results of a GLMM showed that only treatment type (Wald χ25 = 10.62; p = 0.050) was a significant predictor of the number of small mammals trapped. In addition, the ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in species diversity between treatments (F5 = 0.934; p < 0.001) and by season (F1 = 9.122 p = 0.003) for small mammals. The presence of L. camara coupled with other predictors was associated with differences in large mammal abundances and diversity, and differences in how these large mammals were distributed across the landscape. Furthermore, the highest species diversity was found in the spring for small mammals. Therefore, for all the mammals studied, the presence of L. camara negatively affected species abundance, richness, and diversity, as well as how these species were distributed across the invaded and cleared areas.
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Wright E, Eckardt W, Refisch J, Bitariho R, Grueter CC, Ganas-Swaray J, Stoinski TS, Robbins MM. Higher Maximum Temperature Increases the Frequency of Water Drinking in Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.738820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Water plays a vital role in many aspects of sustaining life, including thermoregulation. Given that increasing temperatures and more extreme weather events due to climate change are predicted to influence water availability, understanding how species obtain and use water is critical. This is especially true for endangered species in small isolated populations which are vulnerable to drought and the risk of extinction. We examined the relationship between the frequency of water drinking and maximum temperature and rainfall in 21 groups of wild gorillas from the two mountain gorilla populations (Bwindi and Virunga), between 2010 and 2020. In both populations, we found that the frequency of water drinking significantly increased at higher maximum temperatures than cooler ones, but we found no consistent relationship between water drinking and rainfall. We also found that Virunga gorillas relied more on foods with higher water content than Bwindi gorillas, which in part likely explains why they drink water much less frequently. These findings highlight that even in rainforest mammals that gain most of their water requirements from food, access to free-standing water may be important because it likely facilitates evaporative cooling in response to thermoregulatory stress. These results have important implications for conservation and behavior of mountain gorillas in the face of continued increases in temperature and frequency of extreme weather events associated with climate change.
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Martins CB, Norris D, Michalski F. Diversity and activity of bird fauna in ephemeral river-created habitats in Amazonia. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2021.2005410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassiano Bueno Martins
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Darren Norris
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- School of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Michalski
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Pro-Carnivores Institute, Atibaia, Brazil
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Delgado‐Martínez CM, Cudney‐Valenzuela SJ, Mendoza E. Camera trapping reveals multispecies use of water‐filled tree holes by birds and mammals in a neotropical forest. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Delgado‐Martínez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, Ciudad de México México
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia Michoacán México
- Instituto de Geografía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, Ciudad de México México
| | - Sabine J. Cudney‐Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán México
| | - Eduardo Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia Michoacán México
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Chuma VJUR, Norris D. Contribution of Vouacapoua americana fruit-fall to the release of biomass in a lowland Amazon forest. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4302. [PMID: 33619342 PMCID: PMC7900201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit-fall provides the transfer of biomass and nutrients between forest strata and remains a poorly understood component of Amazon forest systems. Here we detail fruit-fall patterns including those of Vouacapoua americana a Critically Endangered timber species across 25 km2 of lowland Amazon forest in 2016. We use multi-model comparisons and an ensemble model to explain and interpolate fruit-fall data collected in 90 plots (totaling 4.42 ha). By comparing patterns in relation to observed and remotely sensed biomass estimates we establish the seasonal contribution of V. americana fruit-fall biomass. Overall fruit-fall biomass was 44.84 kg ha−1 month−1 from an average of 44.55 species per hectare, with V. americana dominating both the number and biomass of fallen fruits (43% and 64%, number and biomass respectively). Spatially explicit interpolations provided an estimate of 114 Mg dry biomass of V. americana fruit-fall across the 25 km2 area. This quantity represents the rapid transfer by a single species of between 0.01 and 0.02% of the overall above ground standing biomass in the area. These findings support calls for a more detailed understanding of the contribution of individual species to carbon and nutrient flows in tropical forest systems needed to evaluate the impacts of population declines predicted from short (< 65 year) logging cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Juan Ulises Rodriguez Chuma
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Biodiversity, School of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, km 02, Macapá, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Darren Norris
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Biodiversity, School of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, km 02, Macapá, 68903-419, Brazil. .,Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, km 02, Macapá, 68903-419, Brazil.
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7
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Big trees drive forest structure patterns across a lowland Amazon regrowth gradient. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3380. [PMID: 33564057 PMCID: PMC7873124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Degraded Amazonian forests can take decades to recover and the ecological results of natural regeneration are still uncertain. Here we use field data collected across 15 lowland Amazon smallholder properties to examine the relationships between forest structure, mammal diversity, regrowth type, regrowth age, topography and hydrology. Forest structure was quantified together with mammal diversity in 30 paired regrowth-control plots. Forest regrowth stage was classified into three groups: late second-regrowth, early second-regrowth and abandoned pasture. Basal area in regrowth plots remained less than half that recorded in control plots even after 20–25 years. Although basal area did increase in sequence from pasture, early to late-regrowth plots, there was a significant decline in basal area of late-regrowth control plots associated with a decline in the proportion of large trees. Variation in different forest structure responses was explained by contrasting variables, with the proportion of small trees (DBH < 20 cm) most strongly explained by topography (altitude and slope) whereas the proportion of large trees (DBH > 60 cm) was explained by plot type (control vs. regrowth) and regrowth class. These findings support calls for increased efforts to actively conserve large trees to avoid retrogressive succession around edges of degraded Amazon forests.
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The resilient frugivorous fauna of an urban forest fragment and its potential role in vegetation enrichment. Urban Ecosyst 2021; 24:943-958. [PMID: 33432262 PMCID: PMC7787706 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Anthropocentric defaunation affects critical ecological processes, such as seed dispersal, putting ecosystems and biomes at risk, and leading to habitat impoverishment. Diverse restoration techniques could reverse the process of habitat impoverishment. However, in most of the restoration efforts, only vegetation cover is targeted. Fauna and flora are treated as isolated components, neglecting a key component of ecosystems’ functioning, the ecological interactions. We tested whether the resilient frugivorous generalist fauna can improve habitat quality by dispersing native plant species through the use of fruit feeders as in a semideciduous seasonal urban forest fragment. A total of 32 sampling points was selected at a heavily degraded 251-ha urban forest fragment, with feeders installed at two heights monitored by camera-traps. Variable quantities of native fruits of 27 zoochorous species were offered alternately in the feeders. Based on more than 36,000 h of video records, Turdus leucomelas (Class Aves), Sapajus nigritus (Class Mammalia), and Salvator merianae (Class Reptilia) were recorded ingesting the highest fruit species richness. Didelphis albiventris (Class Mammalia) was the most frequent visitor but consumed only pulp in most of the visits. The frugivorous birds were recorded at a high visitation rate and consumed a wider variety of fruits. Our study opens a new avenue to combine the traditional approach of ecosystems recovery and ecological interactions restauration in an urban forest fragment.
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Norris D, Michalski F, Gibbs JP. Community based actions save Yellow-spotted river turtle ( Podocnemis unifilis) eggs and hatchlings flooded by rapid river level rises. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9921. [PMID: 32995087 PMCID: PMC7501802 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The conservation and recovery of increasingly threatened tropical freshwater turtle populations depends on effective management plans and actions. Here we show that community-based actions saved Yellow-spotted river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) eggs submerged by unseasonal flooding and ensured the release of hatchlings. We recovered 926 eggs and 65 premature hatchlings from 74 submerged nests at 16 flooded nesting areas along 75 km of waterways. The rescued eggs were transferred to a rearing center and incubated. Hatchlings emerged from eggs that had remained underwater for up to two days. Hatchlings were maintained in 250–500 L nursery tanks until yolk sac scars had closed. Healthy hatchlings were then immediately released around the original nesting areas. We released 599 hatchlings (60.4%) from 991 submerged eggs and hatchlings. Egg survival (61.7% (571/926)) was substantially less than hatchling survival (94.2% (599/636)) but within the expected range of values reported for this species. These findings suggest that Yellow-spotted river turtle eggs and embryos are resistant to short-term submersion, which could help explain the widespread distribution of this species across highly seasonal Amazonian rivers. Management plans should take the possible survival of submerged eggs into consideration as part of species conservation and recovery actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Norris
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,School of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Michalski
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Pro-Carnivores Institute, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James P Gibbs
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Michalski F, Norris D, Quintana I, Valerio A, Gibbs JP. Substrate influences human removal of freshwater turtle nests in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8082. [PMID: 32415212 PMCID: PMC7228982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrate type determines nesting success and fitness in turtles and is a critical consideration for nesting area protection and restoration. Here, we evaluated the effect of substrate on nest removal by humans in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. We analyzed substrate composition and fate of 216 P. unifilis nests along 88 km of rivers. River segment and substrate type were the most important predictors of nest removal by humans. We found up to 36% lower removal of nests in fine sand and experimental results support the hypothesis that wind more often obscures tracks of nesting females in substrates with more (>66%) fine sand. Our findings are useful for informing the restoration of artificial nesting areas across the Amazon, as nesting area substrates should be selected not only to maintain hatchling sex ratios, but also to minimize nest removal by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Michalski
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil. .,Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil. .,Pro-Carnivores Institute, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Darren Norris
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,School of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Itxaso Quintana
- Ecology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andressa Valerio
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - James P Gibbs
- Department of Forest and Environmental Biology, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
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11
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Carreira DC, Brodie JF, Mendes CP, Ferraz KMPMB, Galetti M. A question of size and fear: competition and predation risk perception among frugivores and predators. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mammalian spatial and temporal activity patterns can vary depending on foraging behavior or the perception of predation or competition risk among species. These behaviors may in turn be altered by human influences such as defaunation. Herein, we evaluate whether frugivores avoid areas with high visitation rates by potential predators or competitors, and whether this avoidance changes in areas with different degrees of defaunation. We installed 189 cameras under fruit trees in six areas of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, that differ in the abundance of top predators and large frugivores. Small predators and small frugivores were more frequent at night while large frugivores were more frequent during the day, but small frugivores visited and spent less time at fruiting trees on brighter nights, unlike large predators and large frugivores. Small frugivores also were less frequent in areas with high visitation by large frugivores and more frequent in highly defaunated areas. Our results suggest that the dynamics among mammalian functional groups varied according to diel patterns, potential competitors, and defaunation. We highlight the importance of understanding how species interactions are changing in areas exposed to strong human impacts to mitigate the indirect effects of defaunation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Cristina Carreira
- Programa Interunidades de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Fundação Hermínio Ometto - Uniararas, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jedediah F Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Calebe P Mendes
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia Maria P M B Ferraz
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Lall KR, Jones KR, Garcia GW. Natural Habitat, Housing, and Restraint of Six Selected Neotropical Animals in Trinidad and Tobago with the Potential for Domestication. SCIENTIFICA 2020; 2020:9741762. [PMID: 32300488 PMCID: PMC7136804 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9741762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper highlights the natural habitat, housing, and restraint needs of 6 Neotropical animals that are found in Trinidad and Tobago with the potential for domestication: agouti (Dasyprocta leporina), lappe/paca (Cuniculus paca/Agouti paca), capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), manicou/opossum (Didelphis marsupialis insularis), collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu/Pecari tajacu), and red brocket deer (Mazama americana). The year of the earliest reference cited was 1950 and the most recent was 2018, with over 100 references being used. The average density, home range size, social group, and housing requirements were also examined as these factors would play a role in designing enclosures. A number of different physical and chemical restraint techniques were also discussed. Information from other species within the same genus was incorporated as some of the animals did not have sufficient literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Ranjeeta Lall
- The Open Tropical Forage-Animal Production Laboratory (OTF-APL), Department of Food Production (DFP), Faculty of Food and Agriculture (FFA), The University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Kegan Romelle Jones
- The Open Tropical Forage-Animal Production Laboratory (OTF-APL), Department of Food Production (DFP), Faculty of Food and Agriculture (FFA), The University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Gary Wayne Garcia
- The Open Tropical Forage-Animal Production Laboratory (OTF-APL), Department of Food Production (DFP), Faculty of Food and Agriculture (FFA), The University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Antunes AC, Baccaro F, Caetano Andrade VL, Ramos JF, Da Silva Moreira R, Barnett AA. Igapó seed patches: a potentially key resource for terrestrial vertebrates in a seasonally flooded forest of central Amazonia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In Amazonian igapó forests (seasonally flooded forests on blackwater river margins), the end of the annual flood pulse results in the formation of extensive mat-like seed patches. The seeds in these patches then germinate, forming a dense, highly heterogeneous, assemblage. Animal–plant interactions in these areas, as well as the influence that the patches have on the occurrence of herbivorous vertebrates, remain almost completely unstudied. Using camera traps in areas with and without seed/seedling patches, we tested the relationship between these seed accumulation sites and the presence of bird and mammal species. At the micro-scale (between treatments), vertebrate occurrence was not related to patch presence. At the larger scale (local), distance from adjacent upland (terra firme) forest and seed patch size were correlated with vertebrate distribution. The widespread occurrence of terrestrially active birds and mammals throughout igapó forests, not just where food resource densities were high, seems to be a compromise strategy between exploring the area to select the most favourable food items, and minimizing the risk of being predated when spending extended time foraging at the concentrated food sources represented by the seed patches. Our results underline the potential importance of igapó forests as a key habitat for a variety of terrestrial terra firme taxa, as well as emphasize the dynamic nature of this forest type, and should encourage further studies of this habitat and resource availability system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Antunes
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa de Mamíferos Amazônicos, INPA, Brazil
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- EcoNetLab, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Fabrício Baccaro
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Departamento de Biologia. Av. Rodrigo Otávio, Japiim, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Adrian A Barnett
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa de Mamíferos Amazônicos, INPA, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Departamento de Biologia. Av. Rodrigo Otávio, Japiim, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Department of Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, UK
- Flooded Habitats Research Group, INPA, Brazil
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Quintana I, Norris D, Valerio A, Becker FG, Gibbs JP, Michalski F. Nest removal by humans creates an evolutionary trap for Amazonian freshwater turtles. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Quintana
- Ecology Department Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - D. Norris
- School of Environmental Sciences Federal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical BiodiversityFederal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group Federal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
| | - A. Valerio
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical BiodiversityFederal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group Federal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
| | - F. G. Becker
- Ecology Department Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - J. P. Gibbs
- Department of Forest and Environmental Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY USA
| | - F. Michalski
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical BiodiversityFederal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group Federal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
- Instituto Pró‐Carnívoros Atibaia, São Paulo Brazil
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15
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Torres J, Gavilánez MM. New altitudinal record for white-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari (Link, 1795) in Ecuador, with notes about activity patterns and herd size. Biodivers Data J 2019; 7:e33275. [PMID: 31065233 PMCID: PMC6482117 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.7.e33275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
White-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) represent a key element of trophic networks in tropical rainforest ecosystems by playing the dual role of consumer and prey. Despite their importance, pressures on their populations have increased during the last few decades due to hunting and deforestation across its distributional range. These pressures may have led the remaining populations to move into new territories and to change their migratory and gregarious behaviour. In this study, we used photographic records from camera traps to collect data on biogeography of white-lipped peccaries in order to answer some questions about the demography, distribution and population size of the species in Ecuador's western Amazonia. We present new altitudinal records for the species (2,000 metres above sea level), along with some notes on herd size and activity patterns. This information is valuable for obtaining a better understanding of the species distribution and population status in order to achieve better conservation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Torres
- Universidad Central del Ecuador - Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Quito, EcuadorUniversidad Central del Ecuador - Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasQuitoEcuador
| | - María Mercedes Gavilánez
- Universidad Central del Ecuador - Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Quito, EcuadorUniversidad Central del Ecuador - Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasQuitoEcuador
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Carvalho WDD, Gomes LAC, Castro IJD, Martins AC, Esbérard CEL, Mustin K. Beyond the Amazon Forest: Richness and Abundance of Bats in the Understory of Savannahs, Campinaranas and Terra Firme Forest. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.2.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William D. De Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitscheck, S/N, Jardim Marco Zero 68903-419, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Costa Gomes
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isaí J. De Castro
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitscheck, Km 10, CEP 68912-250, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Martins
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Lustosa Esbérard
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Morcegos, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen Mustin
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zoology Building, University Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TE, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Seasonal use of waterholes and pathways by macrofauna in the dry forest of Costa Rica. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467418000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTemporal and spatial scarcity of water in semi-arid and seasonal ecosystems often leads to changes in movements and behaviour of large vertebrates, and in the neotropics this dynamic is poorly understood due to logistical and methodological limitations. Here we used camera trapping to elucidate variation in patterns of seasonal use of waterholes and pathways by 10 large-mammal and four large-bird species in the dry forest of north-western Costa Rica. From 2011 to 2015, we deployed trail cameras at 50 locations, including waterholes and three types of pathway (roads, human trails and animal paths). We used Generalized Linear Models to evaluate the effect of location and seasonality on the rates at which independent photographs were taken. We found interacting effects of location and seasonality for the capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus), the tiger heron (Trigrisoma mexicanum), the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the tapir (Tapirus bairdii) suggesting that these species were the most influenced by waterholes during the dry season. Comparison of waterhole sites and specific types of pathways (roads, animal paths and human trails) showed that location influenced photo-capture rates of almost all species, suggesting a useful insight to avoid and account for bias in camera trap studies. Furthering our ecological understanding of seasonal water regimes and large vertebrates’ behaviours allow for better understanding of the consequences of climate change on them.
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18
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Norris D, Michalski F, Gibbs JP. Community involvement works where enforcement fails: conservation success through community-based management of Amazon river turtle nests. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4856. [PMID: 29868271 PMCID: PMC5985759 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Law enforcement is widely regarded as a cornerstone to effective natural resource management. Practical guidelines for the optimal use of enforcement measures are lacking particularly in areas protected under sustainable and/or mixed use management regimes and where legal institution are weak. Focusing on the yellow-spotted river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis) along 33 km of river that runs between two sustainable–use reserves in the Brazilian Amazon as an illustrative example, we show that two years of patrols to enforce lawful protection regulations had no effect on nest harvesting. In contrast, during one year when community-based management approaches were enacted harvest levels dropped nearly threefold to a rate (26%) that is likely sufficient for river turtle population recovery. Our findings support previous studies that show how community participation, if appropriately implemented, can facilitate effective natural resource management where law enforcement is limited or ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Norris
- School of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Michalski
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James P Gibbs
- Department of Forest and Environmental Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Syracuse, NY, United States of America
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Alvarenga GC, Ramalho EE, Baccaro FB, da Rocha DG, Ferreira-Ferreira J, Bobrowiec PED. Spatial patterns of medium and large size mammal assemblages in várzea and terra firme forests, Central Amazonia, Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198120. [PMID: 29847606 PMCID: PMC5976171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Várzea forests account for 17% of the Amazon basin and endure an annual inundation that can reach 14 m deep during 6-8 months. This flood pulse in combination with topography directly influences the várzea vegetation cover. Assemblages of several taxa differ significantly between unflooded terra firme and flooded várzea forests, but little is known about the distribution of medium and large sized terrestrial mammals in várzea habitats. Therefore, our goal was to understand how those habitats influence mammalian species distribution during the dry season. Specifically, we: (1) compared the species composition between a terra firme (Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve) and a várzea forest (Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve); and (2) tested the influence of the várzea habitat classes on the number of records, occurrence and species composition of mammalian assemblages. The sampling design in each reserve consisted of 50 baited camera trap stations, with an overall sampling effort of 5015 camera trap days. We used Non-Metric Multidimension Scaling (NMDS) to compare species composition between terra firme and várzea forests, and used Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to assess how habitat types and a habitat diversity index affect mammal distributions. We recorded 21 medium and large sized mammalian species, including 20 species in terra firme and only six in várzea (3443 records). Flood pulse and isolation in várzea forest drove the dissimilarity between these two forest types. In várzea forest, medium size mammals, in general, avoided habitats associated with long flooding periods, while jaguars (Panthera onca) appeared to prefer aquatic/terrestrial transition zones. Habitats that remain dry for longer periods showed more mammalian occurrence, suggesting that dispersion via soil is important even for semi-arboreal species. This is the first study to evaluate differential use of várzea habitats by terrestrial mammalian assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Costa Alvarenga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM), Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Beggiato Baccaro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gomes da Rocha
- Graduate Group in Ecology, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM), Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
- Ecosystem Dynamics Observatory, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Arévalo-Sandi A, Bobrowiec PED, Rodriguez Chuma VJU, Norris D. Diversity of terrestrial mammal seed dispersers along a lowland Amazon forest regrowth gradient. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193752. [PMID: 29547648 PMCID: PMC5856264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the restoration/regeneration of degraded tropical habitats yet the potential role of natural regenerators remains unclear. We test the hypothesis that the richness and functional diversity of terrestrial mammals differs between forest regrowth stages. We quantified the richness and functional diversity of eight terrestrial mammal seed-disperser species across a forest regrowth gradient in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. We installed camera-traps in 15 sites within small-holder properties with forest regrowth stage classified into three groups, with five sites each of: late second-regrowth forest, early second-regrowth forest and abandoned pasture. Species richness and functional dispersion from the regrowth sites were compared with 15 paired forest control sites. Multi model selection showed that regrowth class was more important for explaining patterns in richness and functional diversity than other variables from three non-mutually exclusive hypotheses: hunting (distance to house, distance to river, distance to town, small holder residence), land cover (% forest cover within 50 meters, 1 kilometer and 5 kilometers) and land use (regrowth class, time since last use). Differences in functional diversity were most strongly explained by a loss of body mass. We found that diversity in regrowth sites could be similar to control sites even in some early-second regrowth areas. This finding suggests that when surrounded by large intact forest areas the richness and functional diversity close to human small-holdings can return to pre-degradation values. Yet we also found a significant reduction in richness and functional diversity in more intensely degraded pasture sites. This reduction in richness and functional diversity may limit the potential for regeneration and increase costs for ecological regeneration and restoration actions around more intense regrowth areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Arévalo-Sandi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Paulo Estefano D. Bobrowiec
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Victor Juan Ulises Rodriguez Chuma
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, Km 02, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Darren Norris
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, Km 02, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Coordenação de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek Km 02, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ferreguetti AC, Tomas WM, Bergallo HG. Density, habitat use, and daily activity patterns of the Red-rumped Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2018.1434743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Norris D, Michalski F, Gibbs JP. Beyond harm's reach? Submersion of river turtle nesting areas and implications for restoration actions after Amazon hydropower development. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4228. [PMID: 29333347 PMCID: PMC5764030 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global expansion of energy demands combined with abundant rainfall, large water volumes and high flow in tropical rivers have led to an unprecedented expansion of dam constructions in the Amazon. This expansion generates an urgent need for refined approaches to river management; specifically a move away from decision-making governed by overly generalized guidelines. For the first time we quantify direct impacts of hydropower reservoir establishment on an Amazon fresh water turtle. We conducted surveys along 150 km of rivers upstream of a new dam construction during the low water months that correspond to the nesting season of Podocnemis unifilis in the study area. Comparison of nest-areas before (2011, 2015) and after (2016) reservoir filling show that reservoir impacts extend 13% beyond legally defined limits. The submerged nesting areas accounted for a total of 3.8 ha of nesting habitat that was inundated as a direct result of the reservoir filling in 2016. Our findings highlight limitations in the development and implementation of existing Brazilian environmental impact assessment process. We also propose potential ways to mitigate the negative impacts of dams on freshwater turtles and the Amazonian freshwater ecosystems they inhabit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Norris
- School of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Michalski
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James P Gibbs
- Department of Forest and Environmental Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Syracuse, NY, United States of America
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Michalski F, Michalski LJ, Barnett AA. Environmental determinants and use of space by six Neotropical primates in the northern Brazilian Amazon. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2017.1335276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Michalski
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Vertebrados, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, Brazil
| | | | - Adrian A. Barnett
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary and Ecological Anthropology, Life Sciences Department, University of Roehampton, London, UK
- Grupo de Pesquisa de Mamíferos Amazônicos, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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