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Silva MF, Kienesberger S, Pereira G, Mateus L, Lopes-da-Costa L, Silva E. Molecular diagnosis of bovine genital campylobacteriosis using high-resolution melting analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:969825. [PMID: 36160264 PMCID: PMC9501873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.969825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a worldwide spread venereal disease of cattle caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv). Although several real-time PCR assays were developed for Cfv identification, most target mobile genetic elements, which may lead to false-positive diagnosis. In this study, a real-time PCR assay coupled with High-Resolution Melting analysis (HRM) was developed for the identification of Campylobacter fetus subspecies and application in BGC diagnosis. Two HRM assays targeting different single nucleotide polymorphisms were validated using 51 C. fetus strains, including 36 Cfv and 15 C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff). The specificity was assessed in 50 preputial samples previously tested as negative for C. fetus and in 24 strains from other Campylobacter species. The analytical sensitivity was determined with ten-fold dilutions of Cfv genome copies and in preputial samples spiked with Cfv cells. Both HRM assays accurately identified the 51 C. fetus strains, showing 100% concordance with the previous identification. C. fetus subspecies identification by HRM showed concordant results with the glycine test in 98.0% of the isolates. No amplification was obtained in C. fetus negative preputial samples as well as in strains from other Campylobacter species. The assays were able to detect 102 genome copies of Cfv, while for preputial washing samples the limit of detection was 103 CFU/mL. These novel HRM assays represent a highly specific and sensitive tool for the identification of C. fetus subspecies and show potential for direct use in bull preputial samples for BGC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Filipa Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gonçalo Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Mateus
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Lopes-da-Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Elisabete Silva,
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Fehlberg HF, Matos Ribeiro C, Brito Junior PDA, Miranda Oliveira BC, Albano dos Santos C, del Valle Alvarez MR, Harvey TV, Rêgo Albuquerque G. Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in small wild mammals in northeastern Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256199. [PMID: 34398925 PMCID: PMC8366977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in rodents and marsupials from the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Two hundred and four fecal samples were collected from different forest areas in the municipalities of Ilhéus, Una, Belmonte, and Mascote. Identifications were performed using PCR and nested PCR followed by sequencing of the gdh and tpi genes for G. duodenalis, and the gp60 and Hsp-70 genes for Cryptosporidium. The total frequency of positive PCR samples for both G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. was 5.4% (11/204). Giardia duodenalis occurred in 2.94% (4/136) of rodents and 2.94% (2/68) of marsupials. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in rodents and marsupials was 1.47% (2/136) and 4.41% (3/68), respectively. In the areas sampled, the frequency of parasitism was 50% (7/14), while the Mascote region alone had no parasitized animals. The G. duodenalis subgenotype AI was identified in the rodent species Hylaeamys laticeps, Oecomys catherinae, Oligoryzomys nigripes and Akodon cursor, and in the marsupials Gracilinanus agilis and Monodelphis americana. In the rodents Rhipidomys mastacalis, H. laticeps and in the marsupial Marmosa murina the protozoa Cryptosporidium fayeri, Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium ubiquitum with subtypes IIa and IVg by the gp60 gene were found. In conclusion, this study provides the genetic characterization of Giardia and Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in rodents and marsupials. And, these findings reinforce that the rodent and marsupial species mentioned above play a role as new hosts for Giardia and Cryptosporidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hllytchaikra Ferraz Fehlberg
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University—UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Cássia Matos Ribeiro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University—UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Albano dos Santos
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University—UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiane Vitor Harvey
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University—UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - George Rêgo Albuquerque
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University—UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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O' Leary JK, Blake L, Corcoran GD, Sleator RD, Lucey B. A novel genotyping method for Cryptosporidium hominis. Exp Parasitol 2021; 225:108113. [PMID: 33992605 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis remains the leading protozoan induced cause of diarrhoea-associated mortality worldwide. Cryptosporidium hominis, the anthroponotically transmitted species within the Cryptosporidium genus, contributes significantly to the global burden of infection, accounting for the majority of clinical cases in many countries. This study applied high resolution melting analysis, a post-real-time PCR application, to the differentiation of six globally prevalent C. hominisgp60-subtypes. This novel method targeted three microsatellite, tandem repeat containing genetic markers, gp60, the genetic marker upon which current Cryptosporidium subtype nomenclature is based, MSB, and MSE, by which to differentiate between C. hominis isolates. This multi-locus approach successfully differentiated between all six C. hominisgp60-subtypes studied, some of which, such as IbA10G2, are known to exhibit global ubiquity. Thus, this method has the potential to be universally employed as a sensitive, cost effective and highly reproducible means to rapidly differentiate between C. hominisgp60-subtypes. Such a method would be of particular utility in epidemiological studies and outbreak scenarios, providing cost effective, clinically accessible alternative to DNA sequencing. The success of this preliminary study also supports further analysis of an expanded C. hominisgp60-subtype range and the potential expansion of the multi-locus panel in order to improve the discriminatory power of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K O' Leary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown Campus, Cork, Ireland
| | - Liam Blake
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard D Corcoran
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown Campus, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown Campus, Cork, Ireland
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O'Leary JK, Blake L, Corcoran GD, Sleator RD, Lucey B. Development of a novel, high resolution melting analysis based genotyping method for Cryptosporidium parvum. Eur J Protistol 2021; 79:125799. [PMID: 34044353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study employed the post-real-time PCR application, high resolution melting (HRM) analysis, in order to differentiate between characterised clinical and reference Cryptosporidium parvum samples obtained from Cork University Hospital (Cork, Ireland) and the Cryptosporidium Reference Unit (Swansea, Wales). A sample set composed of 18 distinct C. parvum gp60-subtypes of the IIa gp60-subtype family (an allele family accounting for over 80% of all cryptosporidiosis cases in Ireland) was employed. HRM analysis-based interrogation of the gp60, MM5 and MS9-Mallon tandem repeat loci was found to completely differentiate between 10 of the 18 studied gp60-subtypes. The remaining eight gp60-subtypes were differentiated into three distinct groupings, with the designations within these groupings resolved to two to three potential gp60-subtypes. The current study aimed to develop a novel, reproducible, real-time PCR based multi-locus genotyping method to distinguish between C. parvum gp60-subtypes. These preliminary results support the further expansion of the multi-locus panel in order to increase the discriminatory capabilities of this novel method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K O'Leary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Liam Blake
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard D Corcoran
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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Azimpour-Ardakan T, Fotouhi-Ardakani R, Hoghooghi-Rad N, Rokni N, Motallebi A. Designing and developing of high-resolution melting technique for separating different types of Toxoplasma gondii by analysis of B1 and ROP8 gene regions. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 184:106188. [PMID: 33713726 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes plays an important role in the health management and epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. We developed HRM analysis to differentiate genotypes of T. gondii using the B1 and ROP8 genes, through comparing the sensitivity and specificity of both genes and methods used for the detection of T. gondii. METHODS A total of 96 DNA samples of muscle tissue of livestock and poultry brain tissue with three standard strains RH (type I), PRU (type II) and VEG (type III) were prepared and analyzed. Three methods of nested PCR, PCR-PCR and nested-qPCR-HRM were used. Specific new primers were designed and synthesized for developing HRM. Thirty positive samples obtained from nested-qPCR-HRM were sequenced (18 B1 and 12 ROP8). RESULTS Overall, 87 infected samples were identified using both genes. Through the B1 gene, we could separate type I (Tm = 84.8 °C) from II/III types (Tm = 84.6 °C). Also, the ROP8 gene could separate type II (Tm = 84.5 °C) from I/III types (Tm = 84.12 °C). Highest sensitivity (100%) and specificity (78.72%) were observed by nested-qPCR-HRM assays of the B1 and ROP8 genes than by other methods, respectively. Thus, the B1 gene can be used to most accurately detect T. gondii, while the ROP8 gene was more appropriate for T. gondii genotyping. PCR-sequencing results were consistent with HRM results in most selected samples. CONCLUSION HRM analysis is a powerful diagnostic tool for rapid detection and determination of main clonal lineages, and even unusual T. gondii genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Fotouhi-Ardakani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Nasser Hoghooghi-Rad
- Parasitology Department, School of Specialized Science of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nourdehr Rokni
- Department of Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Motallebi
- Department of Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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O' Leary JK, Blake L, Corcoran GD, Sleator RD, Lucey B. Development of novel methodology for the molecular differentiation of Cryptosporidium parvum gp60 subtypes via high resolution melting analysis. MethodsX 2020; 7:101157. [PMID: 33318958 PMCID: PMC7724200 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium species subtypes are generally identified via DNA sequencing of the gp60 gene tandem repeat motif region. Due to the immunogenic nature of its glycoprotein products, gp60 is subject to host selective pressures, genetic recombination and evolutionary processes that drive extensive polymorphism at this locus. The elucidation of the polymorphic nature of this gene has led to the current mainstay in Cryptosporidium subtyping nomenclature. This study aimed to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction based method utilising a post-PCR application, high resolution melting (HRM) analysis, in conjunction with the abovementioned gp60 nomenclature system, in order to differentiate between Cryptosporidium parvum gp60 subtypes. Subtype differentiation is based on the difference between the melting temperatures of individual subtypes conferred by variations in the polymorphic region of gp60. • Nested gp60 primers were designed to amplify a target region of <200 base pairs for effective HRM analysis • This method presents a rapid, sensitive, cost effective alternative to conventional sequencing. • This method is highly flexible and may be applied to other loci in order to facilitate multi-locus analysis and improve the discriminative abilities of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K O' Leary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Liam Blake
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard D Corcoran
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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Worasilchai N, Permpalung N, Chindamporn A. High-resolution melting analysis: A novel approach for clade differentiation in Pythium insidiosum and pythiosis. Med Mycol 2018; 56:868-876. [PMID: 29228389 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pythium insidiosum causes life-threatening human pythiosis. Based on phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase II (COX2) gene, intergenic spacer (IGS) region and exo-1,3-β-glucanase gene (exo1), P. insidiosum is classified into clade ATH, BTH, and CTH related to geographic distribution. At present, polymerase chain reaction in any of these specific regions with DNA sequencing is the only technique to provide clade diagnosis. In this study, P. insidiosum-specific primers targeting COX2 gene were designed and used in real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with subsequent high-resolution melting (HRM) to provide rapid identification as well as clade classification for P. insidiosum. Based on the qPCR-HRM method, 15 P. insidiosum isolates could be differentiated from 28 related organisms with 100% specificity and 1 pg limit of detection. This technique was, in addition, directly tested on clinical samples from proved human pythiosis cases: nine corneal scrapes and six arterial clots. The qPCR-HRM results of all nine corneal samples were a 100% match with the results from the conventional PCR at clade level. However, the qPCR-HRM results of arterial clot samples were only matched with the nucleotide sequencing results from the conventional PCR at species level. In conclusion, the qPCR-HRM is a simple one closed tube, inexpensive and user-friendly method to identify P. insidiosum into clade level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaporn Worasilchai
- Interdisciplinary Program, Medical Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitipong Permpalung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ariya Chindamporn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Cerqueira-Cézar CK, Calero-Bernal R, Dubey JP, Gennari SM. All about neosporosis in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 26:253-279. [PMID: 28876360 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is protozoan parasite with domestic and wild dogs, coyotes and grey wolves as the definitive hosts and many warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. It was cultivated and named in 1988. Neosporosis is a major disease of cattle and has no public health significance. Since 1990's N. caninum has emerged as a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide, including in Brazil. N. caninum also causes clinical infections in several other animal species. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the biology of N. caninum and there are more than 200 papers on this subject from Brazil. However, most of the reports on neosporosis from Brazil are serological surveys. Overall, little is known of clinical neosporosis in Brazil, particularly cattle. The few reports pertain to sporadic cases of abortion with no information on epidemics or storms of abortion. The objective of the present review is to summarize all reports from Brazil and suggest topic for further research, including prevalence of N. caninum oocysts in soil or in canine feces, and determining if there are additional definitive hosts, other than the domestic dog. There is need for a national survey in cattle using defined parameters. Future researches should focus on molecular characterization of N. caninum strains, possibility of vaccine production and relationship between wildlife and livestock epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Koutsodontis Cerqueira-Cézar
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Rafael Calero-Bernal
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Jitender Prakash Dubey
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Solange Maria Gennari
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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