1
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Anthofer M, Windisch M, Haller R, Ehmann S, Wrighton S, Miller M, Schernthanner L, Kufferath I, Schauer S, Jelušić B, Kienesberger S, Zechner EL, Posselt G, Vales-Gomez M, Reyburn HT, Gorkiewicz G. Immune evasion by proteolytic shedding of natural killer group 2, member D ligands in Helicobacter pylori infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1282680. [PMID: 38318189 PMCID: PMC10839011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1282680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) uses various strategies that attenuate mucosal immunity to ensure its persistence in the stomach. We recently found evidence that H. pylori might modulate the natural killer group 2, member 2 (NKG2D) system. The NKG2D receptor and its ligands are a major activation system of natural killer and cytotoxic T cells, which are important for mucosal immunity and tumor immunosurveillance. The NKG2D system allows recognition and elimination of infected and transformed cells, however viruses and cancers often subvert its activation. Here we aimed to identify a potential evasion of the NKG2D system in H. pylori infection. Methods We analyzed expression of NKG2D system genes in gastric tissues of H. pylori gastritis and gastric cancer patients, and performed cell-culture based infection experiments using H. pylori isogenic mutants and epithelial and NK cell lines. Results In biopsies of H. pylori gastritis patients, NKG2D receptor expression was reduced while NKG2D ligands accumulated in the lamina propria, suggesting NKG2D evasion. In vitro, H. pylori induced the transcription and proteolytic shedding of NKG2D ligands in stomach epithelial cells, and these effects were associated with specific H. pylori virulence factors. The H. pylori-driven release of soluble NKG2D ligands reduced the immunogenic visibility of infected cells and attenuated the cytotoxic activity of effector immune cells, specifically the anti-tumor activity of NK cells. Conclusion H. pylori manipulates the NKG2D system. This so far unrecognized strategy of immune evasion by H. pylori could potentially facilitate chronic bacterial persistence and might also promote stomach cancer development by allowing transformed cells to escape immune recognition and grow unimpeded to overt malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Anthofer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Windisch
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rosa Haller
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Ehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Michael Miller
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Iris Kufferath
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Jelušić
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen L. Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mar Vales-Gomez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T. Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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2
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Pöltl L, Kitsera M, Raffl S, Schild S, Cosic A, Kienesberger S, Unterhauser K, Raber G, Lembacher-Fadum C, Breinbauer R, Gorkiewicz G, Sebastian C, Hoefler G, Zechner EL. Microbiota-derived genotoxin tilimycin generates colonic stem cell mutations. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112199. [PMID: 36870054 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA-alkylating metabolite tilimycin is a microbial genotoxin. Intestinal accumulation of tilimycin in individuals carrying til+ Klebsiella spp. causes apoptotic erosion of the epithelium and colitis. Renewal of the intestinal lining and response to injury requires the activities of stem cells located at the base of intestinal crypts. This study interrogates the consequences of tilimycin-induced DNA damage to cycling stem cells. We charted the spatial distribution and luminal quantities of til metabolites in Klebsiella-colonized mice in the context of a complex microbial community. Loss of marker gene G6pd function indicates genetic aberrations in colorectal stem cells that became stabilized in monoclonal mutant crypts. Mice colonized with tilimycin-producing Klebsiella displayed both higher frequencies of somatic mutation and more mutations per affected individual than animals carrying a non-producing mutant. Our findings imply that genotoxic til+ Klebsiella may drive somatic genetic change in the colon and increase disease susceptibility in human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pöltl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Maksym Kitsera
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Raffl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amar Cosic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Unterhauser
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Rolf Breinbauer
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Carlos Sebastian
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultad de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen L Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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3
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Cosic A, Leitner E, Petternel C, Galler H, Reinthaler FF, Herzog-Obereder KA, Tatscher E, Raffl S, Feierl G, Högenauer C, Zechner EL, Kienesberger S. Corrigendum: Variation in accessory genes within the Klebsiella oxytoca species complex delineates monophyletic members and simplifies coherent genotyping. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1155851. [PMID: 36960282 PMCID: PMC10028735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1155851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692453.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Cosic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Leitner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Petternel
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Galler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz F. Reinthaler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin A. Herzog-Obereder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Tatscher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Raffl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gebhard Feierl
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Högenauer
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen L. Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Sabine Kienesberger
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Silva MF, Kienesberger S, Pereira G, Mateus L, Lopes-da-Costa L, Silva E. Molecular diagnosis of bovine genital campylobacteriosis using high-resolution melting analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:969825. [PMID: 36160264 PMCID: PMC9501873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.969825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a worldwide spread venereal disease of cattle caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv). Although several real-time PCR assays were developed for Cfv identification, most target mobile genetic elements, which may lead to false-positive diagnosis. In this study, a real-time PCR assay coupled with High-Resolution Melting analysis (HRM) was developed for the identification of Campylobacter fetus subspecies and application in BGC diagnosis. Two HRM assays targeting different single nucleotide polymorphisms were validated using 51 C. fetus strains, including 36 Cfv and 15 C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff). The specificity was assessed in 50 preputial samples previously tested as negative for C. fetus and in 24 strains from other Campylobacter species. The analytical sensitivity was determined with ten-fold dilutions of Cfv genome copies and in preputial samples spiked with Cfv cells. Both HRM assays accurately identified the 51 C. fetus strains, showing 100% concordance with the previous identification. C. fetus subspecies identification by HRM showed concordant results with the glycine test in 98.0% of the isolates. No amplification was obtained in C. fetus negative preputial samples as well as in strains from other Campylobacter species. The assays were able to detect 102 genome copies of Cfv, while for preputial washing samples the limit of detection was 103 CFU/mL. These novel HRM assays represent a highly specific and sensitive tool for the identification of C. fetus subspecies and show potential for direct use in bull preputial samples for BGC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Filipa Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gonçalo Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Mateus
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Lopes-da-Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Elisabete Silva,
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Leitner E, Bozic M, Kienesberger S, Cosic A, Landt O, Högenauer C, Kessler HH. Improved diagnosis of antibiotic-associated haemorrhagic colitis (AAHC) in faecal specimens by a new qualitative real-time PCR assay detecting relevant toxin genes of Klebsiella oxytoca sensu lato. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:690-694. [PMID: 34582979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toxin-producing Klebsiella oxytoca causes antibiotic-associated haemorrhagic colitis (AAHC). The disease-relevant cytotoxins tilivalline and tilimycine produced by certain K. oxytoca isolates are encoded by the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes A (npsA) and B (npsB). In this study, the new LightMix® Modular kit for the detection of relevant K. oxytoca sensu lato (s.l.) toxin genes was evaluated. METHODS DNA was extracted on the automated EMAG® platform. Amplification was done on the Light Cycler® 480 II instrument. In total, 130 residual faecal specimens collected from patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea were studied to determine the clinical sensitivity and specificity. Toxigenic culture served as reference method. RESULTS With the new kit, the limit of detection was 15 CFU/mL for all targets. For the pehX target specific to K. oxytoca s.l., 65 of 130 clinical specimens were positive, while toxin-specific targets (npsA/npsB) were positive in 47 of 130. The npsA/npsB PCR targets showed a clinical sensitivity of 100% (95%CI 80.5-100%) and a specificity of 73.5% (95%CI 64.3-81.3%) with a positive predictive value of 16.5% (95%CI 12.7-21.2%) and a negative predictive value of 100%. CONCLUSION Compared with culture, additional clinical specimens positive for K. oxytoca s.l. were detected with real-time PCR. The specificity of the toxin targets appears moderate due to the inferior sensitivity of the culture-based reference method. Since the developed assay is highly sensitive, it may be used as first-line method to improve the diagnosis of AAHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Leitner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Bozic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Amar Cosic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Högenauer
- BioTechMed-Graz, Austria; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Harald H Kessler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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6
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Greimel TM, Stampfer L, Leitner E, Kienesberger S, Zechner EL, Bozic M, Wagner GE, Unterhauser K, Kitsera M, Hauer AC, Gorkiewicz G, Wurm P, Valitutti F, Högenauer C, Hoffmann KM. Toxin-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca in Healthy Infants: Commensal or Pathobiont? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:e1-e7. [PMID: 34520403 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Klebsiella oxytoca is a gastrointestinal pathobiont with the potential to produce the toxins tilivalline and tilimycin, which cause antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. Overgrowth of toxigenic K oxytoca has recently been implicated in necrotizing enterocolitis. K oxytoca colonizes 2-9% of healthy adults, however, there is no systematic data on colonization in healthy children. We investigated K oxytoca colonization and its toxigenic properties in healthy infants. METHODS We sampled stool of healthy infants and determined K oxytoca colonization using stool culture and PCR (pehX). Toxin in stool was measured with HPLC/high-resolution mass spectrometry. K oxytoca isolates were typed using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and K oxytoca toxin PCR (npsA/B). Cytotoxin production of isolates was analyzed by MTT assay. RESULTS K oxytoca was detected in 30 of 61 infants (49%) using stool culture and in 45 of 61 (73%) using PCR (pehX). Toxin marker PCR (npsA/B) was positive in 66% of stool samples positive for K oxytoca PCR. Stool toxin levels were too low for quantitation but traces of tilivalline were detected. Contrarily, 49% of K oxytoca isolates demonstrated toxicity in the MTT assay. MLST revealed 36 distinct sequence types affiliated with all known K oxytoca sequence type clusters (A, B1 and B2). CONCLUSIONS More than 70% of healthy infants were colonized with K oxytoca. Toxin quantities in stool of colonized healthy infants were below detection level, yet half of the isolates produced toxin in vitro demonstrating their pathobiont potential. The high occurrence of toxigenic K oxytoca in healthy infants has to be considered for future disease association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Greimel
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
| | - Laura Stampfer
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
| | - Eva Leitner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz
- BioTechMed-Graz
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz
| | - Ellen L Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz
- BioTechMed-Graz
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz
| | - Michael Bozic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz
| | - Gabriel E Wagner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz
| | | | | | - Almuthe C Hauer
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz
| | - Philipp Wurm
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Högenauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz
- BioTechMed-Graz
| | - Karl Martin Hoffmann
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
- Kinderärzte Zentrum Graz-Raaba, Raaba-Grambach, Austria
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7
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Shirzad-Aski H, Besharat S, Kienesberger S, Sohrabi A, Roshandel G, Amiriani T, Norouzi A, Keshtkar A. Association Between Helicobacter pylori Colonization and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 55:380-392. [PMID: 32833699 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various observational studies have examined a potential relationship between Helicobacter pylori colonization and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs); however, results are inconclusive. This systematic review evaluates articles reporting an association between human H. pylori colonization and IBD. METHODS A systematic search of studies was conducted to evaluate a possible relationship between H. pylori colonization and IBD. Seven databases and different types of gray literature were searched. After screening for relevant articles, selection and data extraction were done. After that, the data were analyzed, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated, using meta-analysis. Heterogeneity, sensitivity, and subgroups analyses were conducted. Funnel plots followed by Begg and Egger tests were done to assess the publication bias. RESULTS Among 58 studies, including 13,549 patients with IBD and 506,554 controls, the prevalence of H. pylori colonization was 22.74% and 36.30%, respectively. A significant negative association was observed between H. pylori colonization and IBD (pooled OR: 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.39-0.53, P≤0.001). The random-effect model showed significant statistical heterogeneity in the included studies (I2=79%). No publication bias was observed. Among subgroups, ORs were notably different when the data were stratified by the age difference between patient and control group, and by study regions and/or continent. Finally, the meta-regression analysis showed significant results, in terms of the age difference and region variables. CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis, all statistical data support the theory that H. pylori has a protective role in IBD. However, more primary studies using proper methodology are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sima Besharat
- Infectious Diseases Research Center
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmad Sohrabi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center
- Cancer Control Research Center, Cancer Control Foundation, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan
| | - Alireza Norouzi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan
| | - Aabbas Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Cosic A, Leitner E, Petternel C, Galler H, Reinthaler FF, Herzog-Obereder KA, Tatscher E, Raffl S, Feierl G, Högenauer C, Zechner EL, Kienesberger S. Variation in Accessory Genes Within the Klebsiella oxytoca Species Complex Delineates Monophyletic Members and Simplifies Coherent Genotyping. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:692453. [PMID: 34276625 PMCID: PMC8283571 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Klebsiella oxytoca species complex (KoSC) are emerging human pathogens causing infections of increasing significance especially in healthcare settings. KoSC strains are affiliated with distinct phylogroups based on genetic variation at the beta-lactamase gene (bla OXY) and it has been proposed that each major phylogroup represents a unique species. However, since the typing methods applied in clinical settings cannot differentiate every species within the complex, existing clinical, epidemiological and DNA sequence data is frequently misclassified. Here we systematically examined the phylogenetic relationship of KoSC strains to evaluate robustness of existing typing methods and to provide a simple typing strategy for KoSC members that cannot be differentiated biochemically. Initial analysis of a collection of K. oxytoca, K. michiganensis, K. pasteurii, and K. grimontii strains of environmental origin showed robust correlation of core phylogeny and blaOXY grouping. Moreover, we identified species-specific accessory gene loci for these strains. Extension of species correlation using database entries initially failed. However, assessment of average nucleotide identities (ANI) and phylogenetic validations showed that nearly one third of isolates in public databases have been misidentified. Reclassification resulted in a robust reference strain set for reliable species identification of new isolates or for retyping of strains previously analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Finally, we show convergence of ANI, core gene phylogeny, and accessory gene content for available KoSC genomes. We conclude that also the monophyletic members K. oxytoca, K. michiganensis, K. pasteurii and K. grimontii can be simply differentiated by a PCR strategy targeting bla OXY and accessory genes defined here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Cosic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Leitner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Petternel
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Galler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz F. Reinthaler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin A. Herzog-Obereder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Tatscher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Raffl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gebhard Feierl
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Högenauer
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen L. Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Sabine Kienesberger,
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9
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Li J, Oh J, Kienesberger S, Kim NY, Clarke DJ, Zechner EL, Crawford JM. Making and Breaking Leupeptin Protease Inhibitors in Pathogenic Gammaproteobacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jhe‐Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Chemical Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Chemical Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | | | - Nam Yoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Chemical Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - David J. Clarke
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Ellen L. Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz 8010 Graz Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Jason M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Chemical Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT 06536 USA
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10
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Li JH, Oh J, Kienesberger S, Kim NY, Clarke DJ, Zechner EL, Crawford JM. Making and Breaking Leupeptin Protease Inhibitors in Pathogenic Gammaproteobacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17872-17880. [PMID: 32609431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leupeptin is a bacterial small molecule that is used worldwide as a protease inhibitor. However, its biosynthesis and genetic distribution remain unknown. We identified a family of leupeptins in gammaproteobacterial pathogens, including Photorhabdus, Xenorhabdus, and Klebsiella species, amongst others. Through genetic, metabolomic, and heterologous expression analyses, we established their construction by discretely expressed ligases and accessory enzymes. In Photorhabdus species, a hypothetical protein required for colonizing nematode hosts was established as a new class of proteases. This enzyme cleaved the tripeptide aldehyde protease inhibitors, leading to the formation of "pro-pyrazinones" featuring a hetero-tricyclic architecture. In Klebsiella oxytoca, the pathway was enriched in clinical isolates associated with respiratory tract infections. Thus, the bacterial production and proteolytic degradation of leupeptins can be associated with animal colonization phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhe-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | | | - Nam Yoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - David J Clarke
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ellen L Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06536, USA
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11
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Grengg C, Mittermayr F, Ukrainczyk N, Koraimann G, Kienesberger S, Dietzel M. Advances in concrete materials for sewer systems affected by microbial induced concrete corrosion: A review. Water Res 2018; 134:341-352. [PMID: 29453009 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial induced concrete corrosion (MICC) is recognized as one of the main degradation mechanisms of subsurface infrastructure worldwide, raising the demand for sustainable construction materials in corrosive environments. This review aims to summarize the key research progress acquired during the last decade regarding the understanding of MICC reaction mechanisms and the development of durable materials from an interdisciplinary perspective. Special focus was laid on aspects governing concrete - micoorganisms interaction since being the central process steering biogenic acid corrosion. The insufficient knowledge regarding the latter is proposed as a central reason for insufficient progress in tailored material development for aggressive wastewater systems. To date no cement-based material exists, suitable to withstand the aggressive conditions related to MICC over its entire service life. Research is in particular needed on the impact of physiochemical material parameters on microbial community structure, growth characteristics and limitations within individual concrete speciation. Herein an interdisciplinary approach is presented by combining results from material sciences, microbiology, mineralogy and hydrochemistry to stimulate the development of novel and sustainable materials and mitigation strategies for MICC. For instance, the application of antibacteriostatic agents is introduced as an effective instrument to limit microbial growth on concrete surfaces in aggressive sewer environments. Additionally, geopolymer concretes are introduced as highly resistent in acid environments, thus representing a possible green alternative to conventional cement-based construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill Grengg
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Graz University of Technology, Rechbauerstraße 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Florian Mittermayr
- Institute of Technology and Testing of Building Materials, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 24, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Neven Ukrainczyk
- Institute of Construction and Building Materials, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Günther Koraimann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldstraße 50, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldstraße 50, 8010, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Dietzel
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Graz University of Technology, Rechbauerstraße 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
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12
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Kienesberger S, Perez-Perez GI, Olivares AZ, Bardhan P, Sarker SA, Hasan KZ, Sack RB, Blaser MJ. When is Helicobacter pylori acquired in populations in developing countries? A birth-cohort study in Bangladeshi children. Gut Microbes 2018; 9:252-263. [PMID: 29494270 PMCID: PMC6219588 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1421887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonization is prevalent throughout the world, and is predominantly acquired during childhood. In developing countries, >70% of adult populations are colonized with H. pylori and >50% of children become colonized before the age of 10 years. However, the exact timing of acquisition is unknown. We assessed detection of H. pylori acquisition among a birth cohort of 105 children in Mirzapur, Bangladesh. Blood samples collected at time 0 (cord blood), and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of life were examined for the presence of IgG and IgA antibodies to whole cell H. pylori antigen and for IgG antibodies to the CagA antigen using specific ELISAs and immunoblotting. Breast milk samples were analyzed for H. pylori-specific IgA antibodies. Cord blood was used to establish maternal colonization status. H. pylori seroprevalence in the mothers was 92.8%. At the end of the two-year follow-up period, 50 (47.6%) of the 105 children were positive for H. pylori in more than one assay. Among the colonized children, CagA prevalence was 78.0%. A total of 58 children seroconverted: 50 children showed persistent colonization and 8 (7.6%) children showed transient seroconversion, but immunoblot analysis suggested that the transient seroconversion observed by ELISA may represent falsely positive results. Acquisition of H. pylori was not influenced by the mother H. pylori status in serum or breastmilk. In this population with high H. pylori prevalence, we confirmed that H. pylori in developing countries is detectable mainly after the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kienesberger
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Guillermo I. Perez-Perez
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA,CONTACT Guillermo I. Perez-Perez Department of Medicine, University Langone Medical Center, 6027W 423 East 23th street, NY 10010, New York, USA
| | - Asalia Z. Olivares
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Pradip Bardhan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, ICDDR, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Kh. Zahid Hasan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, ICDDR, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R. Bradley Sack
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA,Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, USA
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13
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Sprenger H, Kienesberger S, Pertschy B, Pöltl L, Konrad B, Bhutada P, Vorkapic D, Atzmüller D, Feist F, Högenauer C, Gorkiewicz G, Zechner EL. Fic Proteins of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis Form a Network of Functional Toxin-Antitoxin Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1965. [PMID: 29089929 PMCID: PMC5651007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes containing the FIC (filamentation induced by cyclic AMP) domain catalyze post-translational modifications of target proteins. In bacteria the activity of some Fic proteins resembles classical toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems. An excess of toxin over neutralizing antitoxin can enable bacteria to survive some stress conditions by slowing metabolic processes and promoting dormancy. The cell can return to normal growth when sufficient antitoxin is present to block toxin activity. Fic genes of the human and animal pathogen Campylobacter fetus are significantly associated with just one subspecies, which is specifically adapted to the urogenital tract. Here, we demonstrate that the fic genes of virulent isolate C. fetus subsp. venerealis 84-112 form multiple TA systems. Expression of the toxins in Escherichia coli caused filamentation and growth inhibition phenotypes reversible by concomitant antitoxin expression. Key active site residues involved in adenylylation by Fic proteins are conserved in Fic1, Fic3 and Fic4, but degenerated in Fic2. We show that both Fic3 and the non-canonical Fic2 disrupt assembly and function of E. coli ribosomes when expressed independently of a trans-acting antitoxin. Toxicity of the Fic proteins is controlled by different mechanisms. The first involves intramolecular regulation by an inhibitory helix typical for Fic proteins. The second is an unusual neutralization by heterologous Fic–Fic protein interactions. Moreover, a small interacting antitoxin called Fic inhibitory protein 3, which appears unrelated to known Fic antitoxins, has the novel capacity to bind and neutralize Fic toxins encoded in cis and at distant sites. These findings reveal a remarkable system of functional crosstalk occurring between Fic proteins expressed from chromosomal and extrachromosomal modules. Conservation of fic genes in other bacteria that either inhabit or establish pathology in the urogenital tract of humans and animals underscores the significance of these factors for niche-specific adaptation and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sprenger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Pertschy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Pöltl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Konrad
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Priya Bhutada
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dina Vorkapic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Denise Atzmüller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Feist
- Vehicle Safety Institute, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Högenauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen L Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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14
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Montalban-Arques A, Wurm P, Trajanoski S, Schauer S, Kienesberger S, Halwachs B, Högenauer C, Langner C, Gorkiewicz G. Propionibacterium acnes overabundance and natural killer group 2 member D system activation in corpus-dominant lymphocytic gastritis. J Pathol 2016; 240:425-436. [PMID: 27538697 PMCID: PMC5111592 DOI: 10.1002/path.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Corpus‐dominant lymphocytic gastritis (LyG) is characterized by CD8+ T‐cell infiltration of the stomach epithelium by a so far uncharacterized mechanism. Although Helicobacter pylori is typically undetectable in LyG, patients respond to H. pylori antibiotic eradication therapy, suggesting a non‐H. pylori microbial trigger for the disease. Comparative microbiota analysis of specimens from LyG, H. pylori gastritis and healthy controls precluded involvement of H. pylori in LyG but identified Propionibacterium acnes as a possible disease trigger. In addition, the natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) system and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐15 are significantly upregulated in the gastric mucosa of LyG patients, and gastric epithelial cells respond to microbe‐derived stimuli, including live P. acnes and the microbial products short‐chain fatty acids, with induction of NKG2D ligands. In contrast, H. pylori infection does not activate or even repress NKG2D ligands. Together, our findings identify P. acnes as a possible causative agent for LyG, which is dependent on the NKG2D system and IL‐15 activation. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montalban-Arques
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Medical Microbiome Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Wurm
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Medical Microbiome Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Centre for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed, Interuniversity Cooperation, Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Halwachs
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Medical Microbiome Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed, Interuniversity Cooperation, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Högenauer
- Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Medical Microbiome Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cord Langner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Medical Microbiome Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed, Interuniversity Cooperation, Graz, Austria
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15
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Kienesberger S, Cox LM, Livanos A, Zhang XS, Chung J, Perez-Perez GI, Gorkiewicz G, Zechner EL, Blaser MJ. Gastric Helicobacter pylori Infection Affects Local and Distant Microbial Populations and Host Responses. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1395-1407. [PMID: 26854236 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a late-in-life human pathogen with potential early-life benefits. Although H. pylori is disappearing from the human population, little is known about the influence of H. pylori on the host's microbiota and immunity. Studying the interactions of H. pylori with murine hosts over 6 months, we found stable colonization accompanied by gastric histologic and antibody responses. Analysis of gastric and pulmonary tissues revealed increased expression of multiple immune response genes, conserved across mice and over time in the stomach and more transiently in the lungs. Moreover, H. pylori infection led to significantly different population structures in both the gastric and intestinal microbiota. These studies indicate that H. pylori influences the microbiota and host immune responses not only locally in the stomach, but distantly as well, affecting important target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kienesberger
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8043, Austria.
| | - Laura M Cox
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA; Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Alexandra Livanos
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Xue-Song Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jennifer Chung
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Guillermo I Perez-Perez
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA; Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8043, Austria
| | - Ellen L Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA; Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA; VA Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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16
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Kienesberger S, Perez-Perez GI, Rivera-Correa JL, Tosado-Acevedo R, Li H, Dubois A, Gonzalez-Martinez JA, Dominguez-Bello MG, Blaser MJ. Serologic host response to Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni in socially housed Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Gut Pathog 2012; 4:9. [PMID: 22920270 PMCID: PMC3499398 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori are successful colonizers of the human gastric mucosa. Colonization increases the risk of peptic ulcer disease and adenocarcinoma. However, potential benefits of H. pylori colonization include protection against early-onset asthma and against gastrointestinal infections. Campylobacter jejuni are a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea and complications include Guillain-Barré syndrome. Here, we describe the development of reliable serological assays to detect antibodies against those two bacteria in Rhesus macaques and investigated their distribution within a social group of monkeys. Methods Two cohorts of monkeys were analyzed. The first cohort consisted of 30 monkeys and was used to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for H. pylori antibodies detection. To evaluate colonization of those macaques, stomach biopsies were collected and analyzed for the presence of H. pylori by histology and culture. C. jejuni ELISAs were established using human serum with known C. jejuni antibody status. Next, plasma samples of the 89 macaques (Cohort 2) were assayed for antibodies and then statistically analyzed. Results An H. pylori IgG ELISA, which was 100% specific and 93% sensitive, was established. In contrast, the IgA ELISA was only 82% specific and 61% sensitive. The CagA IgG assay was 100% sensitive and 61% of the macaques were positive. In cohort 2, 62% macaques were H. pylori sero-positive and 52% were CagA positive. The prevalence of H. pylori IgG and CagA IgG increased with monkey age as described for humans. Of the 89 macaques 52% showed IgG against C. jejuni but in contrast to H. pylori, the sero-prevalence was not associated with increasing age. However, there was a drop in the IgG (but not in IgA) mean values between infant and juvenile macaques, similar to trends described in humans. Conclusions Rhesus macaques have widespread exposure to H. pylori and C. jejuni, reflecting their social conditions and implying that Rhesus macaques might provide a model to study effects of these two important human mucosal bacteria on a population.
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Abstract
Campylobacter fetus infection is a substantial problem in herds of domestic cattle worldwide and a rising threat in human disease. Application of comparative and functional genomics approaches will be essential to understand the molecular basis of this pathogen's interactions with various hosts. Here we report recent progress in genome analyses of C. fetus ssp. fetus and C. fetus ssp. venerealis, and the development of molecular tools to determine the genetic basis of niche‐specific adaptations. Campylobacter research has been strengthened by the rapid advancements in imaging technology occurring throughout microbiology. To move forward in understanding the mechanisms underlying C. fetus virulence, current efforts focus on developing suitable in vitro models to reflect host‐ and tissue‐specific aspects of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kienesberger
- 1Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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18
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Kienesberger S, Gorkiewicz G, Joainig MM, Scheicher SR, Leitner E, Zechner EL. Development of experimental genetic tools for Campylobacter fetus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:4619-30. [PMID: 17513579 PMCID: PMC1932827 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02407-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular analysis of the virulence mechanisms of the emerging pathogen Campylobacter fetus has been hampered by the lack of genetic tools. We report the development and functional analysis of Escherichia coli-Campylobacter shuttle vectors that are appropriate for C. fetus. Some vectors were constructed based on the known Campylobacter coli plasmid pIP1455 replicon, which confers a wide host range in Campylobacter spp. Versatility in directing gene expression was achieved by introducing a strong C. fetus promoter. The constructions carry features necessary and sufficient to detect the expression of phenotypic markers, including molecular reporter genes in both subspecies of C. fetus, while retaining function in C. jejuni. The capacity to express several gene products from different vectors in a single host can be advantageous but requires distinct plasmid replicons. To this end, replication features derived from a cryptic plasmid of C. fetus subsp. venerealis strain 4111/108, designated pCFV108, were adapted for a compatible series of constructions. The substitution of the C. coli replication elements reduced vector size while apparently limiting the host range to C. fetus. The complementation of a ciprofloxacin-resistant mutant phenotype via vector-driven gyrA expression was verified. Cocultivation demonstrated that shuttle vectors based on the pCFV108 replicon were compatible with pIP1455 replication functions, and the stable maintenance of two plasmids in a C. fetus subsp. venerealis host over several months was observed. The application of both vector types will facilitate the investigation of the genetics and cellular interactions of the emerging pathogen C. fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kienesberger
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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