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Ovarian Morphometric and Histologic Characteristics and Correlation with Clinical Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020232. [PMID: 36836466 PMCID: PMC9961882 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive lifespan is determined by the reserve of ovarian follicles; their quality and quality determine the fertility potential at a given point in time for a particular individual. Inter-individual variations related to morphometry, laterality, medical history, demographic characteristics and ethnicity may impact ovarian histology, which however, has not been extensively studied or documented. The present cross-sectional study aims to investigate the potential association of clinical factors (age, medical and obstetric history) with ovarian morphometry and histology in females of reproductive age in the local population. The sample included 31 specimens of whole human ovaries, obtained from surgical/autopsy procedures in reproductive-aged women, processed at the Pathology Department. Morphometric characteristics were assessed, including shape, color, length, width, thickness and gross ovarian pathology. Random samples of specific dimensions were histologically examined to determine follicular counts. The results were analyzed statistically in correlation to morphometric characteristics and medical history. The majority of the patients had oval-shaped ovaries (77.8% right; 92.3% left; p = 0.368) of whitish color (38.9% right; 46.2% left; p > 0.999). Right ovaries had significantly greater length, width and volume (p-values 0.018, 0.040 and 0.050, respectively). Thickness was equivalent, as well as follicular distribution of all classes. Age correlated inversely with ovarian volume and primordial/primary follicular count on histology. Women with a caesarian-section history yielded significantly lower primordial/primary follicular counts. As estimated by ovarian histology, macroscopic and clinical factors may be significantly associated with actual ovarian reserve.
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Alam MZ, Islam MS. Is there any association between undesired children and health status of under-five children? Analysis of a nationally representative sample from Bangladesh. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:445. [PMID: 35879700 PMCID: PMC9310505 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child health, especially childhood mortality, is one of the critical indicators of human development. No child mortality is desirable, but it is still high in Bangladesh. We aimed to assess the effect of the child's desired status on childhood morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. METHODS We used the data from the nationally representative cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 and restricted the analyses to children born in the past five years preceding the survey. We estimated the undesired status (excess in boy, girl, both, and parity) by subtracting an ideal number of children from the total live birth. We measured childhood mortality (perinatal, early neonatal, neonatal, post-neonatal, infant, child, and under-five mortality), morbidity (fever, diarrhea, cough, and acute respiratory infectious-ARI), nutritional problems (stunting, wasting, underweight, and low birth weight), and treatments (postnatal care, treatment for fever, diarrhea/cough, and vitamin A supplementation). Finally, we utilized the chi-square test and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of undesired children was 19.2%, 21.5%, 3.7%, and 25.4% for boys, girls, both boys and girls, and parity, respectively. Age, education, residence, division, and wealth index were significantly associated with undesired children. The prevalence of under-five mortality was 3.3% among desired children, almost double (5.4%) among undesired children. The likelihood of under-five mortality was [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.05, p ≤ 0.001] higher among undesired children. Despite lower under-five mortality among higher socioeconomic status, the relative contribution of undesired children to under-fiver mortality was substantial. The undesired girl children were associated with an increased likelihood of moderately wasting (aOR: 1.28, p = 0.072), severely underweight (aOR: 1.41, p = 0.066), and low birth weight (aOR: 1.50, p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, the undesired children were 19% (p ≤ 0.05) more likely to be infected with fever. The undesired children had lower treatment for diarrhea and fever/cough and were less likely to get vitamin A supplementation (aOR: 0.71, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The share of childhood morbidity, mortality, and malnutrition were higher among undesired children. Every child should be wanted, and no unwanted pregnancies are desirable; thereby, the government should reemphasize the proper use of family planning methods to reduce child mortality and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zakiul Alam
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Syful Islam
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, 2220, Bangladesh
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Pettersson ML, Bladh M, Nedstrand E, Svanberg AS, Lampic C, Sydsjö G. Maternal advanced age, single parenthood, and ART increase the risk of child morbidity up to five years of age. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:39. [PMID: 35031006 PMCID: PMC8759211 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced maternal age, single status and use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) are increasing in mothers in high-income countries, and all are known risk factors for negative obstetric outcomes. Less is known about their long-term consequences for childhood morbidity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate morbidity up to five years of age, in the children of older, single, and/or ART-treated mothers. Methods A cross-sectional using Swedish registers was performed comprising 23 772 children. The prevalence of diagnosis and the number of hospital visits for specialist care, were compared and analyzed in relation to maternal age at childbirth, maternal civil status, and mode of conception. The odds ratio for specialized care within each ICD-chapter were estimated using single and multiple logistic regression. Results Children born to single mothers and children conceived using ART had significantly more outpatient visits for specialist care and significantly more diagnoses compared to children with married/cohabiting mothers, and spontaneously conceived children. Children born to mothers of advanced maternal age (≥40) had fewer in- and outpatient visits. However, they were significantly more often diagnosed within ICD-chapters XVI, XVII i.e., they experienced more morbidity in the neonatal period. Conclusion The results indicate that children born to single mothers and children of ART-treated mothers have a higher morbidity and consume more specialist care than children of married/cohabiting and spontaneously pregnant mothers. We conclude that the use of ART, maternal single status and advanced maternal age are risk factors of importance to consider in pediatric care and when counseling women who are considering ART treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Lindell Pettersson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Marie Bladh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Nedstrand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Claudia Lampic
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Sydsjö
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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Langhoff AF, Børresen ML, Wason MP, Andersson M, Jeppesen DL, Schmidt IM, Cortes D. National data with high validity and completeness showed that only 0.04% of Danish children had been registered with diagnosed hypertension. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1458-1464. [PMID: 31785102 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hypertension has been reported in up to 4.0% of American children, but no national data exist in Europe. We studied the frequency of registered hypertension in Danish children and evaluated the data. METHODS This 2014-2015 study focused on patients under the age of 16 registered with hypertension in the Danish National Patient Register and 10 paediatric departments in central and eastern Denmark. The diagnoses were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. All the subjects' medical records were reviewed, including any confirmed diagnoses. RESULTS There were 55 784 children under 16 in the study regions at 30 April 2014. By May 2015, 222 of those had been registered with hypertension: 200 in the Danish National Patient Register and 191 in the 10 paediatric departments. Their medical records confirmed hypertension in 187 and 185 cases, respectively. The prevalence of registered and confirmed hypertension was 222/553 784 (0.04%). The positive predictive values of hypertension were 187/200 (94%) and 185/191 (97%), and the completeness of diagnosed hypertension was 187/222 (84%) and 185/222 (83%). CONCLUSION The registers had high-quality positive predictive values and completeness, but only 0.04% of the Danish children were registered with a verified diagnosis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F. Langhoff
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Malene Landbo Børresen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The Juliane Marie Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Malgorzata P. Wason
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital North Zealand Hillerød Denmark
| | - Mikael Andersson
- Department of Epidemiology Research Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Dorthe L. Jeppesen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Copenhagen Denmark
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ida M. Schmidt
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The Juliane Marie Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Dina Cortes
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Copenhagen Denmark
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Rahman M, Hosen A, Khan MA. Association between Maternal High-Risk Fertility Behavior and Childhood Morbidity in Bangladesh: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:929-936. [PMID: 31333165 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated data from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), which consisted of 7,707 married women aged 15-49 years who lived with at least one child younger than 5 years. This study's primary aim was to examine the relationship between maternal high-risk fertility behavior and child morbidity. To define high-risk fertility behaviors, we considered three variables: maternal age at the time of delivery, birth order, and birth interval. The main outcome measures were mortality-related disease in the past 2 weeks (acute respiratory infection [ARI], diarrhea, and fever) and low birth weight (LBW). We used modified Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations to assess the relationships between the variables of interest. Results indicate that a substantial portion of women (34%) exhibited high-risk fertility patterns; 28.7% engaged in a single high-risk behavior and 5.4% engaged in multiple high-risk behaviors. After adjusting for relevant covariates, high-risk fertility behaviors were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of ARI (adjusted relative risk [ARR]: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05-1.50), diarrhea (ARR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.35), fever (ARR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.58), and LBW (ARR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.10-1.52). In addition, engaging in multiple high-risk fertility behaviors appeared to have far-reaching consequences on the outcomes measured. Maternal high-risk fertility behaviors are important predictors of morbidity in children younger than 5 years. Preventing high-risk fertility behavior may reduce childhood morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosfequr Rahman
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Alamgeer Hosen
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mostaured Ali Khan
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Groot J, Blegvad C, Nybo Andersen AM, Zachariae C, Skov L. Tonsillitis and pediatric psoriasis: Cohort and cross-sectional analyses of offspring from the Danish National Birth Cohort. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 82:666-674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zeltzer J, Shand AW, Kelly P, Hopper JL, Scurrah KJ, Nassar N. Early birth is a key factor in educational disadvantage of twins: A data linkage study. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:534-540. [PMID: 31402475 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess educational outcomes of twins and quantify the degree this is mediated by gestational age and other perinatal factors. METHODS We conducted a population-based record-linkage cohort study of all live births ≥24 weeks gestation in New South Wales, Australia with a corresponding standardised school test result for grade 3 in 2008-2014. The primary outcome was whether a child met the National Minimum Standard (NMS) cut-off in literacy and numeracy domains. Robust multivariable Poisson models were used to obtain adjusted relative risks (aRRs), and mediation analysis conducted to assess contributing factors on the causal pathway. RESULTS Of 351 791 liveborn infants, 10 365 (2.9%) were twins. After adjusting for maternal covariates and compared with singletons, twins had an increased risk of not meeting the NMS for all five literacy and numeracy domains (aRR 1.27-1.45, P < .001). Gestational age alone mediated up to 73% of aRRs and small for gestational age further attenuated these effects with only minimal risk remaining after adjusting for all mediators (aRR 0.94-1.07). CONCLUSION Almost all of the educational disadvantage experienced by twins, compared with singletons, is attributable to the risk associated with shorter gestational age, and partly by poor foetal growth. These findings support efforts to prolong gestation of twin pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Zeltzer
- Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Antonia W. Shand
- Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Department Royal Hospital for Women Randwick NSW Australia
| | - Patrick Kelly
- School of Public Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - John L. Hopper
- Twins Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Katrina J. Scurrah
- Twins Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Natasha Nassar
- Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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Shadyab AH, Manson JE, Li W, Gass M, Brunner RL, Naughton MJ, Cannell B, Howard BV, LaCroix AZ. Associations of parental ages at childbirth with healthy aging among women. Maturitas 2019; 129:6-11. [PMID: 31547915 PMCID: PMC6761991 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of parental ages at childbirth with healthy survival to age 90 years among older women. STUDY DESIGN This study included a racially and ethnically diverse sub-cohort of 8,983 postmenopausal women from the larger Women's Health Initiative population, recruited during 1993-1998 and followed for up to 25 years through 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome was categorized as: 1) healthy survival, defined as survival to age 90 without major morbidities (coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, or hip fracture) or mobility disability; 2) usual survival, defined as survival to age 90 without healthy aging (reference category); or 3) death before age 90. Women reported their own and their parents' birth years, and parental ages at childbirth were calculated and categorized as <25, 25-29, 30-34, or ≥35 years. RESULTS Women were aged on average 71.3 (standard deviation 2.7; range 65-79) years at baseline. There was no significant association of maternal age at childbirth with healthy survival to age 90 or death before age 90. Women born to fathers aged ≥35 compared with 30-34 years at their births were more likely to achieve healthy than usual survival (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32). There was no association of paternal age at childbirth with death before age 90. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that being born to older fathers was associated with healthy survival to age 90 among women who had survived to ages 65-79 years at study baseline. There was no association of maternal age at childbirth with healthy survival to age 90 among these older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladdin H Shadyab
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive #0725, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Margery Gass
- North American Menopause Society Emeritus, 30100 Chagrin Blvd, Pepper Pike, OH 44124, USA
| | - Robert L Brunner
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Michelle J Naughton
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1590 N High St, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Brad Cannell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute and Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive #0725, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Tseng KT, Peng CC, Chang JH, Hsu CH, Lin CY, Jim WT, Chang HY. The impact of advanced maternal age on the outcomes of very low birth weight preterm infants. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14336. [PMID: 30702619 PMCID: PMC6380823 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between advanced maternal age and neonatal outcomes remains controversial. This study attempted to determine the short-term and long-term outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) preterm infants, born to mothers of advanced age (≥35 years).In this retrospective cohort study, VLBW infants were divided into the advanced maternal age group and comparison group. We compared the pregnancy complications, demographic factors, short-term morbidities, and neurodevelopmental outcomes using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition, at 24 months of corrected age between the 2 groups.The study comprised of 536 VLBW infants born to 483 mothers. Mothers of advanced age had a significantly lower rate of primiparity compared to the comparison group (45.8% vs 65.2%, P < .001), and were more likely to have gestational diabetes (13.7% vs 5.5%, P = .002) and to undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF; 18.4% vs 9.9%, P = .01). No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of short-term outcomes. At 2 years of corrected age, advanced maternal age was associated with a higher incidence of severe speech delay (11.3% vs 5.7%, P = .04), neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI; 28.8% vs 18.4%, P = .02), and adverse composite outcome (37.4% vs 27.3%, P = .02). However, the differences in NDI and composite adverse outcomes were not statistically significant between the groups after adjustments for potential confounders.Advanced maternal age was not associated with major morbidities and long-term NDI among VLBW preterm infants. The association between advanced maternal age and severe speech delay in the infant needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ti Tseng
- Department of Neonatology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chun-Chih Peng
- Department of Neonatology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsing Chang
- Department of Neonatology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chyong-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Neonatology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- Department of Neonatology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei
| | - Wai-Tim Jim
- Department of Neonatology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei
| | - Hung-Yang Chang
- Department of Neonatology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Pariente G, Wainstock T, Walfisch A, Sheiner E, Harlev A. Advanced Maternal Age and the Future Health of the Offspring. Fetal Diagn Ther 2018; 46:139-146. [PMID: 30466094 DOI: 10.1159/000493191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the association between advanced maternal age and the long-term health of the offspring. METHODS In this population-based cohort study, hospitalizations of offspring up to the age of 18 years were compared according to maternal age. The incidence of long-term hospitalizations of the offspring due to cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, hematological, respiratory and gastro-intestinal morbidities was evaluated. Deliveries occurred between the years 1991 and 2014 in a tertiary medical center. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare cumulative morbidity incidence. Cox regression models were performed to control for confounders. RESULTS During the study period, 202,709 deliveries were included, of which 26,287 (12.9%) were in women aged 35-39 years, and 6,718 (3.3%) in women aged 40-50 years. Children born to older mothers did not have a significantly different cumulative incidence of long-term pediatric morbidities evaluated, as compared with the comparison group, using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. In the Cox regression analyses, advanced maternal age did not exhibit an independent association with long-term morbidities of the offspring. CONCLUSION Despite the association of advanced maternal age with adverse maternal and immediate neonatal outcomes, there does not seem to be an association with the long-term morbidity of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Pariente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,
| | - Tamar Wainstock
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Asnat Walfisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Avi Harlev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Predictors of mercury, lead, cadmium and antimony status in Norwegian never-pregnant women of fertile age. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189169. [PMID: 29206878 PMCID: PMC5716542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The toxic trace elements mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and antimony (Sb) are transferred over the placenta to the fetus and secreted into the breastmilk. All four elements bioaccumulate in the body and as maternal age at delivery is increasing in industrialized countries, the burden of toxic trace elements in never-pregnant women of fertile age is of concern. Methods Healthy, never-pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years (n = 158) were recruited between June 2012 and March 2015 in Bergen, Norway. Clinical data were collected and non-fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for whole blood Hg, Pb and Cd and serum Sb by ICP-MS and related to diet and life style factors. Results In a multiple linear regression model, increasing age was associated with higher levels of Hg and Sb, but diet and life style factors were more important predictors. Median whole blood Hg was increased by a factor of 70 in women who had fish for dinner ≥1/week, compared to women who rarely or never ate fish (p<0.001). Alcohol intake was the strongest predictor for whole blood Pb, while use of tobacco was the strongest predictor for whole blood Cd. Being a vegetarian was associated with lower levels of both Hg and Sb. Conclusions As toxic trace elements tend to bioaccumulate in the body, increasing maternal age at delivery may represent a threat to the next generation. In a group of healthy Norwegian never-pregnant women, age contributed to Hg and Sb levels, but diet and life style factors were stronger determinants of whole blood Hg, Pb, Cd and serum Sb levels. Continuous public actions are needed to reduce modifiable and preventable sources of potentially deleterious toxins to minimize the exposure in children and fertile women.
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