1
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Roodsant TJ, van der Ark KC, Schultsz C. Translocation across a human enteroid monolayer by zoonotic Streptococcus suis correlates with the presence of Gb3-positive cells. iScience 2024; 27:109178. [PMID: 38439959 PMCID: PMC10909756 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause meningitis and septicaemia. The consumption of undercooked pig products is an important risk factor for zoonotic infections, suggesting an oral route of infection. In a human enteroid model, we show that the zoonotic CC1 genotype has a 40% higher translocation frequency than the non-zoonotic CC16 genotype. Translocation occurred without increasing the permeability or disrupting the adherens junctions and tight junctions of the epithelial monolayer. The translocation of zoonotic S. suis was correlated with the presence of Gb3-positive cells, a human glycolipid receptor found on Paneth cells and targeted by multiple enteric pathogens. The virulence factors Streptococcal adhesin Protein and suilysin, known to interact with Gb3, were not essential for translocation in our epithelial model. Thus, the ability to translocate across an enteroid monolayer correlates with S. suis core genome composition and the presence of Gb3-positive cells in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Roodsant
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kees C.H. van der Ark
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Pascoal C, Francisco R, Mexia P, Pereira BL, Granjo P, Coelho H, Barbosa M, dos Reis Ferreira V, Videira PA. Revisiting the immunopathology of congenital disorders of glycosylation: an updated review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350101. [PMID: 38550576 PMCID: PMC10972870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in several biological processes, such as the immune response. Alterations in glycosylation can modulate the course of various pathologies, such as the case of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of more than 160 rare and complex genetic diseases. Although the link between glycosylation and immune dysfunction has already been recognized, the immune involvement in most CDG remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. In this study, we provide an update on the immune dysfunction and clinical manifestations of the 12 CDG with major immune involvement, organized into 6 categories of inborn errors of immunity according to the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). The immune involvement in phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2)-CDG - the most frequent CDG - was comprehensively reviewed, highlighting a higher prevalence of immune issues during infancy and childhood and in R141H-bearing genotypes. Finally, using PMM2-CDG as a model, we point to links between abnormal glycosylation patterns in host cells and possibly favored interactions with microorganisms that may explain the higher susceptibility to infection. Further characterizing immunopathology and unusual host-pathogen adhesion in CDG can not only improve immunological standards of care but also pave the way for innovative preventive measures and targeted glycan-based therapies that may improve quality of life for people living with CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Pascoal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Francisco
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mexia
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Luís Pereira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Granjo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Coelho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mariana Barbosa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa dos Reis Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Videira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
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3
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Hatrongjit R, Fittipaldi N, Jenjaroenpun P, Wongsurawat T, Visetnan S, Zheng H, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Genomic comparison of two Streptococcus suis serotype 1 strains recovered from porcine and human disease cases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5380. [PMID: 37009816 PMCID: PMC10068604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Although S. suis serotype 2 strains are most prevalent worldwide, other serotypes are also occasionally detected. Herein, we investigated the genomes of two S. suis serotype 1 strains belonging to the clonal complex 1, which were recovered from a human patient and an asymptomatic pig, respectively. The genomes differed in pathotype, virulence-associated gene (VAG) profile, minimum core genome (MCG) typing, and antimicrobial resistance gene content. The porcine serotype 1 strain was sequence type (ST) 237 and MCG1, whereas the human serotype 1 strain was ST105 and MCG ungroupable. Both strains were susceptible to several antibiotics consisting of β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, macrolides, and clindamycin was observed, which was attributed to the genes tet(O) and erm(B). Analysis of 99 VAG revealed Hhly3, NisK, NisR, salK/salR, srtG, virB4, and virD4 were absent in both serotype 1. However, the porcine strain lacked sadP (Streptococcal adhesin P), whereas the human strain harbored sadP1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that human S. suis ST105 strains from Vietnam were genetically the closest to the human serotype 1 strain, whereas porcine S. suis ST11 strains from China and Thailand were genetically the closest to the porcine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwattana Visetnan
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
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4
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Roodsant TJ, Van Der Putten BCL, Tamminga SM, Schultsz C, Van Der Ark KCH. Identification of Streptococcus suis putative zoonotic virulence factors: A systematic review and genomic meta-analysis. Virulence 2021; 12:2787-2797. [PMID: 34666617 PMCID: PMC8632099 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1985760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Over 100 putative virulence factors have been described, but it is unclear to what extent these virulence factors could contribute to zoonotic potential of S. suis. We identified all S. suis virulence factors studied in experimental models of human origin in a systematic review and assessed their contribution to zoonotic potential in a subsequent genomic meta-analysis. PubMed and Scopus were searched for English-language articles that studied S. suis virulence published until 31 March 2021. Articles that analyzed a virulence factor by knockout mutation, purified protein, and/or recombinant protein in a model of human origin, were included. Data on virulence factor, strain characteristics, used human models and experimental outcomes were extracted. All publicly available S. suis genomes with available metadata on host, disease status and country of origin, were included in a genomic meta-analysis. We calculated the ratio of the prevalence of each virulence factor in human and pig isolates. We included 130 articles and 1703 S. suis genomes in the analysis. We identified 53 putative virulence factors that were encoded by genes which are part of the S. suis core genome and 26 factors that were at least twice as prevalent in human isolates as in pig isolates. Hhly3 and NisK/R were particularly enriched in human isolates, after stratification by genetic lineage and country of isolation. This systematic review and genomic meta-analysis have identified virulence factors that are likely to contribute to the zoonotic potential of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Roodsant
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Boas C L Van Der Putten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sara M Tamminga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kees C H Van Der Ark
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Siukstaite L, Imberty A, Römer W. Structural Diversities of Lectins Binding to the Glycosphingolipid Gb3. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:704685. [PMID: 34381814 PMCID: PMC8350385 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.704685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids are present on the surfaces of all living cells and thereby represent targets for many protein receptors, such as lectins. Understanding the interactions between lectins and glycolipids is essential for investigating the functions of lectins and the dynamics of glycolipids in living membranes. This review focuses on lectins binding to the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), an attractive host cell receptor, particularly for pathogens and pathogenic products. Shiga toxin (Stx), from Shigella dysenteriae or Escherichia coli, which is one of the most virulent bacterial toxins, binds and clusters Gb3, leading to local negative membrane curvature and the formation of tubular plasma membrane invaginations as the initial step for clathrin-independent endocytosis. After internalization, it is embracing the retrograde transport pathway. In comparison, the homotetrameric lectin LecA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa can also bind to Gb3, triggering the so-called lipid zipper mechanism, which results in membrane engulfment of the bacterium as an important step for its cellular uptake. Notably, both lectins bind to Gb3 but induce distinct plasma membrane domains and exploit mainly different transport pathways. Not only, several other Gb3-binding lectins have been described from bacterial origins, such as the adhesins SadP (from Streptococcus suis) and PapG (from E. coli), but also from animal, fungal, or plant origins. The variety of amino acid sequences and folds demonstrates the structural versatilities of Gb3-binding lectins and asks the question of the evolution of specificity and carbohydrate recognition in different kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Siukstaite
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- CNRS, CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Zhu H, Zhou J, Wang D, Yu Z, Li B, Ni Y, He K. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals that serine/threonine kinase is involved in Streptococcus suis virulence and adaption to stress conditions. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4715-4726. [PMID: 34028569 PMCID: PMC8141825 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic-type serine/threonine kinase of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) performs critical roles in bacterial pathogenesis. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) MS/MS were used to analyze the protein profiles of wild type strain SS2-1 and its isogenic STK deletion mutant (Δstk). A total of 281 significant differential proteins, including 147 up-regulated and 134 down-regulated proteins, were found in Δstk. Moreover, 69 virulence factors (VFs) among these 281 proteins were predicted by the Virulence Factor Database (VFDB), including 38 downregulated and 31 up-regulated proteins in Δstk, among which 15 down regulated VFs were known VFs of SS2. Among the down-regulated proteins, high temperature requirement A (HtrA), glutamine synthase (GlnA), ferrichrome ABC transporter substrate-binding protein FepB, and Zinc-binding protein AdcA are known to be involved in bacterial survival and/or nutrient and energy acquisition under adverse host conditions. Overall, our results indicate that STK regulates the expression of proteins involved in virulence of SS2 and its adaption to stress environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodan Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Yu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiu Ni
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kongwang He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Gao S, Ni C, Huang W, Hao H, Jiang H, Lv Q, Zheng Y, Liu P, Kong D, Jiang Y. The interaction between flagellin and the glycosphingolipid Gb3 on host cells contributes to Bacillus cereus acute infection. Virulence 2021; 11:769-780. [PMID: 32507026 PMCID: PMC7567440 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1773077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause emetic or diarrheal foodborne illness. Previous studies have identified multiple pathogenic B. cereus strains and characterized a variety of virulence factors. Here, we demonstrate that the virulence and lethality of B. cereus for mammalian cells and host animals involve the interaction of B. cereus flagellin proteins and the host-cell-surface-localized glycosphingolipid Gb3 (CD77, Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer). We initially found that B. cereus infection was less lethal for Gb3-deficiencient A4galt−/- mice than for wild-type mice. Subsequent experiments established that some factor other than secreted toxins must account of the observed differential lethality: Gb3-deficiencient A4galt−/- mice were equally susceptible to secreted-virulence-factor-mediated death as WT mice, and we observed no differences in the bacterial loads of spleens or livers of mice treated with B. cereus strain vs. mice infected with a mutant variant of incapable of producing many secreted toxins. A screen for host-interacting B. cereus cell wall components identified the well-known flagellin protein, and both flagellin knockout strain assays and Gb3 inhibitor studies confirmed that flagellin does interact with Gb3 in a manner that affects B. cereus infection of host cells. Finally, we show that treatment with polyclonal antibody against flagellin can protect mice against B. cereus infection. Thus, beyond demonstrating a previously unappreciated interaction between a bacterial motor protein and a mammalian cell wall glycosphingolipid, our study will provide useful information for the development of therapies to treat infection of B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Chengpei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Huaijie Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
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8
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Nicholson TL, Waack U, Anderson TK, Bayles DO, Zaia SR, Goertz I, Eppinger M, Hau SJ, Brockmeier SL, Shore SM. Comparative Virulence and Genomic Analysis of Streptococcus suis Isolates. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:620843. [PMID: 33574803 PMCID: PMC7870872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.620843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic bacterial swine pathogen causing substantial economic and health burdens to the pork industry. Mechanisms used by S. suis to colonize and cause disease remain unknown and vaccines and/or intervention strategies currently do not exist. Studies addressing virulence mechanisms used by S. suis have been complicated because different isolates can cause a spectrum of disease outcomes ranging from lethal systemic disease to asymptomatic carriage. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the virulence capacity of nine United States S. suis isolates following intranasal challenge in swine and then perform comparative genomic analyses to identify genomic attributes associated with swine-virulent phenotypes. No correlation was found between the capacity to cause disease in swine and the functional characteristics of genome size, serotype, sequence type (ST), or in vitro virulence-associated phenotypes. A search for orthologs found in highly virulent isolates and not found in non-virulent isolates revealed numerous predicted protein coding sequences specific to each category. While none of these predicted protein coding sequences have been previously characterized as potential virulence factors, this analysis does provide a reliable one-to-one assignment of specific genes of interest that could prove useful in future allelic replacement and/or functional genomic studies. Collectively, this report provides a framework for future allelic replacement and/or functional genomic studies investigating genetic characteristics underlying the spectrum of disease outcomes caused by S. suis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ursula Waack
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Tavis K Anderson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Darrell O Bayles
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sam R Zaia
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Isaiah Goertz
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark Eppinger
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Samantha J Hau
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Susan L Brockmeier
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sarah M Shore
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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9
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Tram G, Jennings MP, Blackall PJ, Atack JM. Streptococcus suis pathogenesis-A diverse array of virulence factors for a zoonotic lifestyle. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 78:217-257. [PMID: 34147186 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major cause of respiratory tract and invasive infections in pigs and is responsible for a substantial disease burden in the pig industry. S. suis is also a significant cause of bacterial meningitis in humans, particularly in South East Asia. S. suis expresses a wide array of virulence factors, and although many are described as being required for disease, no single factor has been demonstrated to be absolutely required. The lack of uniform distribution of known virulence factors among individual strains and lack of evidence that any particular virulence factor is essential for disease makes the development of vaccines and treatments challenging. Here we review the current understanding of S. suis virulence factors and their role in the pathogenesis of this important zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Tram
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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10
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Szymczak-Kulus K, Weidler S, Bereznicka A, Mikolajczyk K, Kaczmarek R, Bednarz B, Zhang T, Urbaniak A, Olczak M, Park EY, Majorczyk E, Kapczynska K, Lukasiewicz J, Wuhrer M, Unverzagt C, Czerwinski M. Human Gb3/CD77 synthase produces P1 glycotope-capped N-glycans, which mediate Shiga toxin 1 but not Shiga toxin 2 cell entry. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100299. [PMID: 33460651 PMCID: PMC7949097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Gb3/CD77 synthase, encoded by the A4GALT gene, is an unusually promiscuous glycosyltransferase. It synthesizes the Galα1→4Gal linkage on two different glycosphingolipids (GSLs), producing globotriaosylceramide (Gb3, CD77, Pk) and the P1 antigen. Gb3 is the major receptor for Shiga toxins (Stxs) produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. A single amino acid substitution (p.Q211E) ramps up the enzyme's promiscuity, rendering it able to attach Gal both to another Gal residue and to GalNAc, giving rise to NOR1 and NOR2 GSLs. Human Gb3/CD77 synthase was long believed to transfer Gal only to GSL acceptors, therefore its GSL products were, by default, considered the only human Stx receptors. Here, using soluble, recombinant human Gb3/CD77 synthase and p.Q211E mutein, we demonstrate that both enzymes can synthesize the P1 glycotope (terminal Galα1→4Galβ1→4GlcNAc-R) on a complex type N-glycan and a synthetic N-glycoprotein (saposin D). Moreover, by transfection of CHO-Lec2 cells with vectors encoding human Gb3/CD77 synthase and its p.Q211E mutein, we demonstrate that both enzymes produce P1 glycotopes on N-glycoproteins, with the mutein exhibiting elevated activity. These P1-terminated N-glycoproteins are recognized by Stx1 but not Stx2 B subunits. Finally, cytotoxicity assays show that Stx1 can use P1 N-glycoproteins produced in CHO-Lec2 cells as functional receptors. We conclude that Stx1 can recognize and use P1 N-glycoproteins in addition to its canonical GSL receptors to enter and kill the cells, while Stx2 can use GSLs only. Collectively, these results may have important implications for our understanding of the Shiga toxin pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szymczak-Kulus
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sascha Weidler
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anna Bereznicka
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mikolajczyk
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bednarz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Urbaniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Olczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Edyta Majorczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kapczynska
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Lukasiewicz
- Laboratory of Microbial Immunochemistry and Vaccines, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland.
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11
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In vitro Interactions between Streptococcus intermedius and Streptococcus salivarius K12 on a Titanium Cylindrical Surface. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121069. [PMID: 33419248 PMCID: PMC7765831 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a steadily rising disease and is caused by oral bacterial pathogens able to form biofilm on implant surfaces and peri-implant tissues, making antibiotics treatment less effective. The use of commercial probiotics against oral pathogens could serve as an alternative to prevent biofilm formation. Streptococcus intermedius is one of the early colonizers of biofilm formation in dental implants. The aim of this study was to model the interaction between S. intermedius and Streptococcus salivarius strain K12, a probiotic bacterium producing bacteriocins. S. intermedius was co-cultured with S. salivarius K12 in an in vitro model simulating the biofilm formation in a dental implant composed by a titanium cylinder system. Biofilm formation rate was assessed by Real-Time PCR quantification of bacterial count and expression levels of luxS gene, used in response to cell density in the biofilm. Biofilm formation, bacteriocin production, luxS expression patterns were found to be already expressed within the first 12 h. More importantly, S. salivarius K12 was able to counter the biofilm formation in a titanium cylinder under the tested condition. In conclusion, our dental implant model may be useful for exploring probiotic-pathogen interaction to find an alternative to antibiotics for peri-implantitis treatment.
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12
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Madar Johansson M, Bélurier E, Papageorgiou AC, Sundin AP, Rahkila J, Kallonen T, Nilsson UJ, Maatsola S, Nyholm TKM, Käpylä J, Corander J, Leino R, Finne J, Teneberg S, Haataja S. The binding mechanism of the virulence factor Streptococcus suis adhesin P subtype to globotetraosylceramide is associated with systemic disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14305-14324. [PMID: 32796033 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is part of the pig commensal microbiome but strains can also be pathogenic, causing pneumonia and meningitis in pigs as well as zoonotic meningitis. According to genomic analysis, S. suis is divided into asymptomatic carriage, respiratory and systemic strains with distinct genomic signatures. Because the strategies to target pathogenic S. suis are limited, new therapeutic approaches are needed. The virulence factor S. suis adhesin P (SadP) recognizes the galabiose Galα1-4Gal-oligosaccharide. Based on its oligosaccharide fine specificity, SadP can be divided into subtypes PN and PO We show here that subtype PN is distributed in the systemic strains causing meningitis, whereas type PO is found in asymptomatic carriage and respiratory strains. Both types of SadP are shown to predominantly bind to pig lung globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). However, SadP adhesin from systemic subtype PN strains also binds to globotetraosylceramide (Gb4). Mutagenesis studies of the galabiose-binding domain of type PN SadP adhesin showed that the amino acid asparagine 285, which is replaced by an aspartate residue in type PO SadP, was required for binding to Gb4 and, strikingly, was also required for interaction with the glycomimetic inhibitor phenylurea-galabiose. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insight into the role of Asn-285 for Gb4 and phenylurea-galabiose binding, suggesting additional hydrogen bonding to terminal GalNAc of Gb4 and the urea group. Thus, the Asn-285-mediated molecular mechanism of type PN SadP binding to Gb4 could be used to selectively target S. suis in systemic disease without interfering with commensal strains, opening up new avenues for interventional strategies against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miralda Madar Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Bélurier
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anders P Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jani Rahkila
- Instrument Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Kallonen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Santeri Maatsola
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas K M Nyholm
- Biochemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Corander
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway.,Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Finne
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susann Teneberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sauli Haataja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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13
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Hennig-Pauka I, Imker R, Mayer L, Brügmann M, Werckenthin C, Weber H, Menrath A, de Buhr N. From Stable to Lab-Investigating Key Factors for Sudden Deaths Caused by Streptococcus suis. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040249. [PMID: 31756894 PMCID: PMC6963698 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine stocks are endemically infected with the major porcine pathogen Streptococcus (S.) suis. The factors governing the transition from colonizing S. suis residing in the tonsils and the exacerbation of disease have not yet been elucidated. We analyzed the sudden death of fattening pigs kept under extensive husbandry conditions in a zoo. The animals died suddenly of septic shock and showed disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Genotypic and phenotypic characterizations of the isolated S. suis strains, a tonsillar isolate and an invasive cps type 2 strain, were conducted. Isolated S. suis from dead pigs belonged to cps type 2 strain ST28, whereas one tonsillar S. suis isolate harvested from a healthy animal belonged to ST1173. Neither S. suis growth, induction of neutrophil extracellular traps, nor survival in blood could explain the sudden deaths. Reconstituted blood assays with serum samples from pigs of different age groups from the zoo stock suggested varying protection of individuals against pathogenic cps type 2 strains especially in younger pigs. These findings highlight the benefit of further characterization of the causative strains in each case by sequence typing before autologous vaccine candidate selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.H.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Rabea Imker
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Leonie Mayer
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Michael Brügmann
- Food and Veterinary Institute Oldenburg, Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 26029 Oldenburg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Christiane Werckenthin
- Food and Veterinary Institute Oldenburg, Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 26029 Oldenburg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | | | - Andrea Menrath
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.H.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-6119
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14
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Willemse N, van der Ende A, Schultsz C. Reinfection with Streptococcus suis analysed by whole genome sequencing. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 66:179-183. [PMID: 30306727 PMCID: PMC7379552 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A butcher with chronic dermatitis presented with a second episode of Streptococcus suis meningitis, 8 years after the first episode. To distinguish between reinfection and persistent carriage, we compared the two S. suis isolates using whole genome sequencing. We investigated whole genome sequences of the S. suis isolates by means of substitution rates and population structure of closely related strains in addition to available clinical information. Genome‐wide analyses revealed an inserted region consisting of 12 genes in the first isolate and the calculated substitution rate between the isolates suggested infections were caused by highly similar, but unrelated strains. Continuous occupational exposure likely resulted in reinfection with S. suis in a butcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Willemse
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Chang P, Li W, Shi G, Li H, Yang X, Xia Z, Ren Y, Li Z, Chen H, Bei W. The VraSR regulatory system contributes to virulence in Streptococcus suis via resistance to innate immune defenses. Virulence 2018; 9:771-782. [PMID: 29471718 PMCID: PMC5955479 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1428519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a highly invasive pathogen that can cause sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. However, we have limited understanding of the mechanisms S. suis uses to evade innate immunity. To investigate the involvement of the two-component signal transduction system of S. suis in host immune defense, we examined the expression of 15 response regulators of S. suis following stimulation with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). We found that several response regulators were significantly up-regulated including vraR. Thus, we constructed an isogenic deletion mutant of vraSR genes in S. suis and demonstrated VraSR promotes both bacterial survival in human blood and resistance to human PMN-mediated killing. The VraSR mutant was more susceptible to phagocytosis by human PMNs and had greater sensitivity to oxidant and lysozyme than wild-type S. suis. Furthermore, in vitro findings and in vivo evidence from a mouse infection model together strongly demonstrate that ΔvraSR had greatly attenuated virulence compared with wild-type S. suis. Collectively, our data reveal that VraSR is a critical regulatory system that contributes to the survival of S. suis and its ability to defend against host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixi Chang
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Weitian Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Guolin Shi
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Huan Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- c Huazhong Agricultural University hospital , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Zechen Xia
- d College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yuan Ren
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- d College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
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16
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Roy D, Takamatsu D, Okura M, Goyette-Desjardins G, Van Calsteren MR, Dumesnil A, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Capsular Sialyltransferase Specificity Mediates Different Phenotypes in Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 29666608 PMCID: PMC5891629 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) represents a key virulence factor for most encapsulated streptococci. Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) are both well-encapsulated pathogens of clinical importance in veterinary and/or human medicine and responsible for invasive systemic diseases. S. suis and GBS are the only Gram-positive bacteria which express a sialylated CPS at their surface. An important difference between these two sialylated CPSs is the linkage between the side-chain terminal galactose and sialic acid, being α-2,6 for S. suis but α-2,3 for GBS. It is still unclear how sialic acid may affect CPS production and, consequently, the pathogenesis of the disease caused by these two bacterial pathogens. Here, we investigated the role of sialic acid and the putative effect of sialic acid linkage modification in CPS synthesis using inter-species allelic exchange mutagenesis. To this aim, a new molecular biogenetic approach to express CPS with modified sialic acid linkage was developed. We showed that sialic acid (and its α-2,6 linkage) is crucial for S. suis CPS synthesis, whereas for GBS, CPS synthesis may occur in presence of an α-2,6 sialyltransferase or in absence of sialic acid moiety. To evaluate the effect of the CPS composition/structure on sialyltransferase activity, two distinct capsular serotypes within each bacterial species were compared (S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V). It was demonstrated that the observed differences in sialyltransferase activity and specificity between S. suis and GBS were serotype unrestricted. This is the first time that a study investigates the interspecies exchange of capsular sialyltransferase genes in Gram-positive bacteria. The obtained mutants represent novel tools that could be used to further investigate the immunomodulatory properties of sialylated CPSs. Finally, in spite of common CPS structural characteristics and similarities in the cps loci, sialic acid exerts differential control of CPS expression by S. suis and GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Rose Van Calsteren
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Dumesnil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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