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Aguilera Flores MM, Valdivia Cabral GI, Medellín Castillo NA, Ávila Vázquez V, Sánchez Mata O, García Torres J. Study on the Effectiveness of Two Biopolymer Coagulants on Turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal in Urban Wastewater. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010037. [PMID: 36616387 PMCID: PMC9824618 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effectiveness of two biopolymer coagulants on turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal in urban wastewater. The biopolymers were produced from vegetal biomass using the mucilage extracted from Opuntia robusta cladodes, and Uncaria tomentosa leaves. Opuntia robusta is an abundant species in Mexico, which is not edible. Uncaria tomentosa is an exotic invasive species in Mexico and other countries, which negatively affects the ecosystems where it is introduced. A combined experimental design of mixture-process was selected to evaluate the effectiveness of both biopolymer coagulants regarding aluminum sulfate (conventional chemical coagulant). Results showed turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies of 42.3% and 69.6% for Opuntia robusta and 17.2% and 39.4% for Uncaria tomentosa biopolymer coagulant, respectively, at a dose of 200 mg/L. Furthermore, optimum conditions from the experimental design to reach the maximum turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal were obtained at an Opuntia robusta biopolymer coagulant concentration of 10 mg/L, showing removal efficiencies of 68.7 ± 1.7% and 86.1 ± 1.4%, respectively. These results support using Opuntia robusta as an alternative biopolymer coagulant in urban wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mauricio Aguilera Flores
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-555-729-6000 (ext. 83562)
| | - Gloria Itzel Valdivia Cabral
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
| | - Nahum Andrés Medellín Castillo
- Graduate Studies and Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Manuel Nava No. 8, Col. Zona Universitaria Poniente, San Luis Potosí 78290, SLP, Mexico
| | - Verónica Ávila Vázquez
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
| | - Omar Sánchez Mata
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
| | - Jésica García Torres
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
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Lu AJ, Cao LG, Tan DP, Qin L, Lu YL, Zhao YX, Qian Y, Bai CJ, Yang JY, Ling H, Shi JS, Yang Z, He YQ. UPLC-Q/TOF-MS coupled with multivariate analysis for comparative analysis of metabolomic in Dendrobium nobile from different growth altitudes. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Gavilan NH, de Freitas Morel LJ, da Silva Coppede J, Taleb-Contini SH, de Castro França S, Bertoni BW, Pereira AMS. Genetic diversity and verbascoside content in natural populations of Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8617-8625. [PMID: 35867291 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers occurs in threatened biodiversity hotspots of Cerrado and Atlantic forest biomes in Brazil and is used in traditional medicine to treat various respiratory and skin diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS This study (i) examined the genetic diversity and structure of six natural populations of P. venusta from different Brazilian regions using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers; and (ii) compared the intra- and inter-populational levels of the bioactive component verbascoside using high-performance liquid chromatography. The population from Nova Mutum, Mato Grosso, presented the highest genetic variability (Nei index H = 0.2759; Shannon index I = 0.4170; 85.14% polymorphic loci), whereas the population from Araxá, Minas Gerais, presented the lowest genetic variability (H = 0.1811; I = 0.2820; 70.27% polymorphic loci). The intra-populational variability (79%) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than the inter-populational variability (21%). The populations were clustered into two groups but their genetic differentiation was not associated with geographical origin (Mantel test, r = 0.328; p > 0.05). The verbascoside content significantly differed (p > 0.05) among the six populations and between the individuals from each population. The highest verbascoside levels (> 200 µg/mg extract) were detected in populations from Araxá and Serrana, while the lowest verbacoside levels were detected in populations from Paranaíta and Sinop. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the use of SRAP markers to analyze genetic variability in the family Bignoniaceae. Our findings shall help to better understand the genetic and chemical diversity of P. venusta populations, as well as provide useful information to select the most appropriate individuals to prepare phytomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Helena Gavilan
- Departamento de Horticultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas Junqueira de Freitas Morel
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Coppede
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Taleb-Contini
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Suzelei de Castro França
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Waléria Bertoni
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil.,Jardim Botânico de Plantas Medicinais Ordem e Progresso, Jardinópolis, São Paulo, 14680-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Soares Pereira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil. .,Jardim Botânico de Plantas Medicinais Ordem e Progresso, Jardinópolis, São Paulo, 14680-000, Brazil.
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Oliveira CR, Vieira RP. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Miodesin™: Modulation of Inflammatory Markers and Epigenetic Evidence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6874260. [PMID: 32509149 PMCID: PMC7246419 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6874260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a combined herbal medicine Miodesin™ on the inflammatory response of key cells involved in the acute and chronic inflammatory processes as well as the possible epigenetic involvement. METHODS After the establishment of the IC50 dose, the chondrocyte, keratinocyte, and macrophage cell lines were pretreated for 2 hours with Miodesin™ (200 μg/mL) and stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 hours. The supernatant was used to measure the levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, and CCL5), and the cells were used to extract the mRNA for the transcription factor (NF-κβ), inflammatory enzymes (COX-1, COX-2, PLA2, and iNOS), and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, and CCL5). RESULTS Miodesin™ inhibited the release of LPS-induced cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α; p < 0.01) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, and CCL5; p < 0.01) and the expression of the transcription factor (NF-κβ; p < 0.01), inflammatory enzymes (COX-1, COX-2, PLA2, iNOS; p < 0.01), and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, and CCL5; p < 0.01). In addition, the evaluation of epigenetic mechanism revealed that Miodesin™ did not induce changes in DNA methylation, assuring the genetic safeness of the compound in terms of the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Miodesin™ presents anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting hyperactivation of chondrocytes, keratinocytes, and macrophages, involving epigenetics in such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rocha Oliveira
- Anhembi Morumbi University, School of Medicine, Avenida Deputado Benedito Matarazzo 6070, Sao Jose dos Campos-SP, Brazil 12230-002
| | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Anhembi Morumbi University, School of Medicine, Avenida Deputado Benedito Matarazzo 6070, Sao Jose dos Campos-SP, Brazil 12230-002
- Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos-SP, Brazil 11060-001
- Universidade Brasil, Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering and in Biomedical Engineering, Rua Carolina Fonseca 235, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil 08230-030
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Rua Pedro Ernesto 240, Sao Jose dos Campos-SP, Brazil 12245-520
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Gokul S, Rodrigues V, Kumar A, Verma RS, Shukla AK, Sundaresan V. Population Genetics Coupled Chemical Profiling for Conservation Implications of Decalepis salicifolia (Bedd. ex Hook.f.) Venter, an Endemic and Critically Endangered Species of Western Ghats, India. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:452-472. [PMID: 32221756 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Information on the genetic diversity and population structure is essential for developing conservational management programs, especially for threatened species. Decalepis salicifolia (Bedd. ex Hook.f.) Venter is a steno-endemic and critically endangered species of the south Western Ghats of India. The present study used ISSR markers as well as essential oil profiling to reveal the extent and distribution of genetic as well as the chemical diversity of all the twelve known populations of D. salicifolia. A total of 84 amplicons generated using 17 ISSR primers represented an overall 72.34% polymorphism. The highest percentage of polymorphic loci was recorded in the population of Theemalai (40.48%) and lowest in Kokanmalai (4.76%) with an average of 20.04% across all the studied populations. At the species level, the Nei's genetic diversity observed was 0.255 ± 0.186, while Shannon's information index observed was 0.385 ± 0.260. The genetic similarity-based unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average dendrogram grouped the populations according to their geographic locations, which was corroborated by principal component analysis and Bayesian clustering. Distribution of genetic variance through analysis of molecular variance indicated that 38% variance resides within the population, and 62% variance resides among the populations (P < 0.001). Gas chromatography analyses of root volatiles showed significant variation in the percent content of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. The Mantel test analyses showed a positive correlation between the genetic versus geographic distances. Based on the results, both ex situ and in situ conservation strategies are suggested to maximally preserve the genetic resources of this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraman Gokul
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 065, India
| | - Vereena Rodrigues
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 065, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 065, India
| | - Ram S Verma
- Chemical Sciences Division, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Ashutosh K Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Velusamy Sundaresan
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 065, India.
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Gouvêa MM, Pusceddu BH, Pereira Netto AD, Peregrino CADF, Macedo EV, Mourão SC, Marques FFDC. Isolation of mitraphylline from Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. barks and development of spectrophotometric method for total alkaloids determination in Cat's Claw samples. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:262-272. [PMID: 31769108 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Martins Gouvêa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n - 24020-141, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Breno Henrique Pusceddu
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n - 24020-141, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Annibal Duarte Pereira Netto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n - 24020-141, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto de Freitas Peregrino
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Mário Viana, 523 - CEP 24241-002, Santa Rosa, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Valverde Macedo
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Mário Viana, 523 - CEP 24241-002, Santa Rosa, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Samanta Cardozo Mourão
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Mário Viana, 523 - CEP 24241-002, Santa Rosa, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia Ferreira de Carvalho Marques
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n - 24020-141, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Weiss J. Herb⁻Drug Interaction Potential of Anti-Borreliae Effective Extracts from Uncaria tomentosa (Samento) and Otoba parvifolia (Banderol) Assessed In Vitro. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010137. [PMID: 30602711 PMCID: PMC6337116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Samento (extract from Uncaria tomentosa) and Banderol (extract from Otoba parvifolia) have been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, e.g., against different morphological forms of Borrelia burgdorferi. However, there is hardly any data on the pharmacological safety of these two herbal medicines. This in vitro study aimed at scrutinizing their possible characteristics as perpetrators in pharmacokinetic herbal–drug interactions. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) was quantified by commercial kits and inhibition of drug transporters by use of fluorescent probe substrates. Induction was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and activation of pregnane x receptor (PXR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by reporter gene assays. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) (IC50 = 0.49 ± 0.28%) and OATP1B3 (IC50 = 0.65 ± 0.29%) were potently inhibited by Banderol, but only weakly by Samento. CYP3A4 was inhibited about 40% at a Samento concentration of 1%. Samento significantly induced mRNA expression of CYP2J2, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, ABCB1, and SLCO1B1 and strongly activated PXR, but hardly AhR. In conclusion, the perpetrator profiles of Samento and Banderol for herb–drug interactions completely differ. Clinical studies are strongly recommended to clarify whether the effects observed in vitro are of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Honório ICG, Coppede JS, Delprete PG, Costa FHS, Telles MPC, Braga RS, Diniz-Filho JAF, Correa VSC, França SC, Pereira AMS, Bertoni BW. Genetic structure and chemical diversity in natural populations of Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J.F.Gmel. (Rubiaceae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205667. [PMID: 30365495 PMCID: PMC6203251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncaria guianensis is native to the Amazon and is used traditionally as an anti-inflammatory. Natural populations of the species have declined markedly in recent times because of strong anthropic pressure brought about by deforestation and indiscriminate collection. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic and chemical diversity among eight natural populations of U. guianensis located in the Brazilian states of Acre, Amapá and Amazonas. A set of four primer combinations was employed in sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) amplifications of leaf DNA, and the fragments were analyzed in an LI-COR model 4300 DNA Analyzer. Genetic variability within the populations (81%) was substantially greater than that detected between them (19%). The highest percentage of polymorphic loci (90.21%) and the largest genetic variability were observed in the population located in Mazagão, Amapá. Genetic differentiation between populations was high (Fst = 0.188) and the studied populations formed three distinct genetic groups (K = 3). The population located in Assis Brasil, Acre, presented the highest average content of the mitraphylline (0.60 mg/g dry weight,). However, mitraphylline and isomitraphylline not detected in most individuals in the studied populations, and it is questionable whether they should be considered as chemical markers of the species. The genetic data confirm the urgent need for conservation programs for U. guianensis, and for further studies aimed at ascertaining the genetic basis and heritability of alkaloid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piero G. Delprete
- Herbier de Guyane, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Mariana P. C. Telles
- Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ramilla S. Braga
- Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Alvarenga-Venutolo S, Rosales-López C, Sánchez-Chinchilla L, Muñoz-Arrieta R, Aguilar-Cascante F. Seasonality effect on the composition of oxindole alkaloids from distinct organs of Uncaria tomentosa from the Caribbean region of Costa Rica. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 151:26-31. [PMID: 29631104 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) D.C. (Rubiaceae), commonly known as "Uña de Gato" or "Cat's Claw", is a tropical vine from the rainforest used in traditional medicine and spread through Central and South America, including Costa Rica. There is an increasing demand for medicinal extracts with biological activity attributed mainly to oxindole alkaloids (OA), where the ratio between tetracyclic (TOA) and pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (POA) determines its feasibility for medicinal applications. The ratio is affected by distinct factors including the dynamics of environmental conditions during seasons. The purpose of the study was to assess the seasonality effect in oxindole alkaloids content in relation to plant organs from U. tomentosa grown in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica. Young leaves followed by mature leaves presented the highest amount of total OA during seasons; for these, isoryncophylline, pteropodine and isomitraphylline, were the predominant OA. The POA/TOA ratio of both leaf materials was nearly 1:1 (3.2 mg g-1: 3.1 mg g-1). Bark and root material showed a pentacyclic chemotype in all seasons with a ratio of 6:1 (6.7 mg g-1: 1.3 mg g-1) with pteropodine and isomitraphylline as the predominant POA. The POA content presented seasonality with a significant increase from rainy to dry season in young leaves, bark and roots. In contrast, TOA amount remained virtually unchanged in all plant parts. Humidity and temperature between the studied seasons were constant except for precipitation, reflecting that differences of water content had an effect in the POA amounts. Further studies of abiotic factors, like water stress, could explain the variation of POA content due to seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alvarenga-Venutolo
- School of Biology, Research Center for Biotechnology, Institute of Technology of Costa Rica, 159-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Catalina Rosales-López
- School of Biology, Research Center for Biotechnology, Institute of Technology of Costa Rica, 159-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Luis Sánchez-Chinchilla
- National Center for Biotechnological Innovations of Costa Rica - CENIBiot, 1174-1200, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz-Arrieta
- National Center for Biotechnological Innovations of Costa Rica - CENIBiot, 1174-1200, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Francisco Aguilar-Cascante
- National Center for Biotechnological Innovations of Costa Rica - CENIBiot, 1174-1200, San José, Costa Rica.
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Azevedo BC, Morel LJF, Carmona F, Cunha TM, Contini SHT, Delprete PG, Ramalho FS, Crevelin E, Bertoni BW, França SC, Borges MC, Pereira AMS. Aqueous extracts from Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. reduce bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 218:76-89. [PMID: 29432856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. Ex Schult) DC is used by indigenous tribes in the Amazonian region of Central and South America to treat inflammation, allergies and asthma. The therapeutic properties of U. tomentosa have been attributed to the presence of tetracyclic and pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids and to phenolic acids. AIMS OF THE STUDY To characterize aqueous bark extracts (ABE) and aqueous leaf extracts (ALE) of U. tomentosa and to compare their anti-inflammatory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Constituents of the extracts were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anti-inflammatory activities were assessed in vitro by exposing lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW264.7-Luc) to ABE, ALE and standard mitraphylline. In vivo assays were performed using a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. OVA-sensitized animals were treated with ABE or ALE while controls received dexamethasone or saline solution. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, total and differential counts of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue were determined. RESULTS Mitraphylline, isomitraphylline, chlorogenic acid and quinic acid were detected in both extracts, while isorhyncophylline and rutin were detected only in ALE. ABE, ALE and mitraphylline inhibited the transcription of nuclear factor kappa-B in cell cultures, ALE and mitraphylline reduced the production of interleukin (IL)-6, and mitraphylline reduced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Treatment with ABE and ALE at 50 and 200 mg kg-1, respectively, reduced respiratory elastance and tissue damping and elastance. ABE and ALE reduced the number of eosinophils in BAL, while ALE at 200 mg kg-1 reduced the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in the lung homogenate. Peribronchial inflammation was significantly reduced by treatment with ABE and ALE at 50 and 100 mg kg-1 respectively. CONCLUSION The results clarify for the first time the anti-inflammatory activity of U. tomentosa in a murine model of asthma. Although ABE and ALE exhibited distinct chemical compositions, both extracts inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. In vivo assays revealed that ABE was more effective in treating asthmatic inflammation while ALE was more successful in controlling respiratory mechanics. Both extracts may have promising applications in the phytotherapy of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cestari Azevedo
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Av. Costábile Romano 2201, 14096-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Junqueira Freitas Morel
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Av. Costábile Romano 2201, 14096-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Carmona
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Taleb Contini
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Av. Costábile Romano 2201, 14096-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Piero Giuseppe Delprete
- Herbier de Guyane, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 275 Route de Montabo, BP 90165, 97323 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Fernando Silva Ramalho
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Crevelin
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Waléria Bertoni
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Av. Costábile Romano 2201, 14096-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suzelei Castro França
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Av. Costábile Romano 2201, 14096-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Carvalho Borges
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Soares Pereira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Av. Costábile Romano 2201, 14096-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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