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Albayrak E, Kocabaş F. Therapeutic targeting and HSC proliferation by small molecules and biologicals. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:425-496. [PMID: 37061339 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have considerably therapeutic value on autologous and allogeneic transplantation for many malignant/non-malignant hematological diseases, especially with improvement of gene therapy. However, acquirement of limited cell dose from HSC sources is the main handicap for successful transplantation. Therefore, many strategies based on the utilization of various cytokines, interaction of stromal cells, modulation of several extrinsic and intrinsic factors have been developed to promote ex vivo functional HSC expansion with high reconstitution ability until today. Besides all these strategies, small molecules become prominent with their ease of use and various advantages when they are translated to the clinic. In the last two decades, several small molecule compounds have been investigated in pre-clinical studies and, some of them were evaluated in different stages of clinical trials for their safety and efficiencies. In this chapter, we will present an overview of HSC biology, function, regulation and also, pharmacological HSC modulation with small molecules from pre-clinical and clinical perspectives.
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Hu X, Ono M, Chimge NO, Chosa K, Nguyen C, Melendez E, Lou CH, Lim P, Termini J, Lai KKY, Fueger PT, Teo JL, Higuchi Y, Kahn M. Differential Kat3 Usage Orchestrates the Integration of Cellular Metabolism with Differentiation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235884. [PMID: 34884992 PMCID: PMC8656857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The coupling of metabolism with cellular status is critically important and highly evolutionarily conserved. However, how cells coordinate metabolism with transcription as they change their status is not clear. Utilizing multiomic and functional studies, we now demonstrate the dichotomous roles of the Kat3 coactivators CBP and p300 and, in particular, their extreme N-termini, in coordinating cellular metabolism with cell differentiation. Using multiple in vitro and in vivo systems, our study sheds new light on metabolic regulation in homeostasis and disease, including cancer. Abstract The integration of cellular status with metabolism is critically important and the coupling of energy production and cellular function is highly evolutionarily conserved. This has been demonstrated in stem cell biology, organismal, cellular and tissue differentiation and in immune cell biology. However, a molecular mechanism delineating how cells coordinate and couple metabolism with transcription as they navigate quiescence, growth, proliferation, differentiation and migration remains in its infancy. The extreme N-termini of the Kat3 coactivator family members, CBP and p300, by far the least homologous regions with only 66% identity, interact with members of the nuclear receptor family, interferon activated Stat1 and transcriptionally competent β-catenin, a critical component of the Wnt signaling pathway. We now wish to report based on multiomic and functional investigations, utilizing p300 knockdown, N-terminal p300 edited and p300 S89A edited cell lines and p300 S89A knockin mice, that the N-termini of the Kat3 coactivators provide a highly evolutionarily conserved hub to integrate multiple signaling cascades to coordinate cellular metabolism with the regulation of cellular status and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Masaya Ono
- Department of Clinical Proteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Keisuke Chosa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Cu Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Elizabeth Melendez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chih-Hong Lou
- Gene Editing and Viral Vector Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Punnajit Lim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Keane K. Y. Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Patrick T. Fueger
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jia-Ling Teo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Kahn M. Taking the road less traveled - the therapeutic potential of CBP/β-catenin antagonists. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:701-719. [PMID: 34633266 PMCID: PMC8745629 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1992386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AREAS COVERED This perspective discusses the challenges of targeting the Wnt signaling cascade, the safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential of specific CBP/β-catenin antagonists and a rationale for the pleiotropic effects of CBP/β-catenin antagonists beyond Wnt signaling. EXPERT OPINION CBP/β-catenin antagonists can correct lineage infidelity, enhance wound healing, both normal and aberrant (e.g. fibrosis) and force the differentiation and lineage commitment of stem cells and cancer stem cells by regulating enhancer and super-enhancer coactivator occupancy. Small molecule CBP/β-catenin antagonists rebalance the equilibrium between CBP/β-catenin versus p300/β-catenin dependent transcription and may be able to treat or prevent many diseases of aging, via maintenance of our somatic stem cell pool, and regulating mitochondrial function and metabolism involved in differentiation and immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road Flower Building, Duarte, CA, USA
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Bild A, Teo JL, Kahn M. Enhanced Kat3A/Catenin transcription: a common mechanism of therapeutic resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:917-932. [PMID: 32426696 PMCID: PMC7234864 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are heterogeneous at the cellular level. Cancer stem cells/tumor initiating cells (CSC/TIC) both initiate tumorigenesis and are responsible for therapeutic resistance and disease relapse. Elimination of CSC/TIC should therefore be able to reverse therapy resistance. In principle, this could be accomplished by either targeting cancer stem cell surface markers or "stemness" pathways. Although the successful therapeutic elimination of "cancer stemness" is a critical goal, it is complex in that it should be achieved without depletion of or increases in somatic mutations in normal tissue stem cell populations. In this perspective, we will discuss the prospects for this goal via pharmacologically targeting differential Kat3 coactivator/Catenin usage, a fundamental transcriptional control mechanism in stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jia-Ling Teo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Lukaszewicz AI, Nguyen C, Melendez E, Lin DP, Teo JL, Lai KKY, Huttner WB, Shi SH, Kahn M. The Mode of Stem Cell Division Is Dependent on the Differential Interaction of β-Catenin with the Kat3 Coactivators CBP or p300. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070962. [PMID: 31324005 PMCID: PMC6678591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal long-term repopulating somatic stem cells (SSCs) preferentially divide asymmetrically, with one daughter cell remaining in the niche and the other going on to be a transient amplifying cell required for generating new tissue in homeostatic maintenance and repair processes, whereas cancer stem cells (CSCs) favor symmetric divisions. We have previously proposed that differential β-catenin modulation of transcriptional activity via selective interaction with either the Kat3 coactivator CBP or its closely related paralog p300, regulates symmetric versus asymmetric division in SSCs and CSCs. We have previously demonstrated that SSCs that divide asymmetrically per force retain one of the dividing daughter cells in the stem cell niche, even when treated with specific CBP/β-catenin antagonists, whereas CSCs can be removed from their niche via forced stochastic symmetric differentiative divisions. We now demonstrate that loss of p73 in early corticogenesis biases β-catenin Kat3 coactivator usage and enhances β-catenin/CBP transcription at the expense of β-catenin/p300 transcription. Biased β-catenin coactivator usage has dramatic consequences on the mode of division of neural stem cells (NSCs), but not neurogenic progenitors. The observed increase in symmetric divisions due to enhanced β-catenin/CBP interaction and transcription leads to an immediate increase in NSC symmetric differentiative divisions. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that the complex phenotype caused by the loss of p73 can be rescued in utero by treatment with the small-molecule-specific CBP/β-catenin antagonist ICG-001. Taken together, our results demonstrate the causal relationship between the choice of β-catenin Kat3 coactivator and the mode of stem cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes I Lukaszewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cu Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Elizabeth Melendez
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David P Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jia-Ling Teo
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Keane K Y Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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