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Abstract
Sequential expression of claudins, a family of tight junction proteins, along the nephron mirrors the sequential expression of ion channels and transporters. Only by the interplay of transcellular and paracellular transport can the kidney efficiently maintain electrolyte and water homeostasis in an organism. Although channel and transporter defects have long been known to perturb homeostasis, the contribution of individual tight junction proteins has been less clear. Over the past two decades, the regulation and dysregulation of claudins have been intensively studied in the gastrointestinal tract. Claudin expression patterns have, for instance, been found to be affected in infection and inflammation, or in cancer. In the kidney, a deeper understanding of the causes as well as the effects of claudin expression alterations is only just emerging. Little is known about hormonal control of the paracellular pathway along the nephron, effects of cytokines on renal claudin expression or relevance of changes in paracellular permeability to the outcome in any of the major kidney diseases. By summarizing current findings on the role of specific claudins in maintaining electrolyte and water homeostasis, this Review aims to stimulate investigations on claudins as prognostic markers or as druggable targets in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Meoli
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Robles-Osorio ML, Sabath E. Tight junction disruption and the pathogenesis of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1013-1026. [PMID: 37547580 PMCID: PMC10401447 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic complications of diabetes mellitus constitute a major public health problem. For example, diabetic eye diseases are the most important cause of blindness, and diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these chronic complications are still poorly understood, preventing the development of effective treatment strategies. Tight junctions (TJs) are epithelial intercellular junctions located at the most apical region of cell-cell contacts, and their main function is to restrict the passage of molecules through the paracellular space. The TJs consist of over 40 proteins, and the most important are occludin, claudins and the zonula occludens. Accumulating evidence suggests that TJ disruption in different organs, such as the brain, nerves, retina and kidneys, plays a fundamental pathophysiological role in the development of chronic complications. Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier has been demonstrated in diabetic neuropathy, brain injury and diabetic retinopathy. The consequences of TJ disruption on kidney function or progression of kidney disease are currently unknown. In the present review, we highlighted the molecular events that lead to barrier dysfunction in diabetes. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying TJ disruption is expected to provide new insights into therapeutic approaches to ameliorate the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Sabath
- Renal and Metabolism Unit, Hospital General de Querétaro, Queretaro 76180, Mexico
- Department of Nutrition, Universidad Autónoma de Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
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Huang J, Caliskan Guzelce E, Gholami SK, Gawelek KL, Mitchell RN, Pojoga LH, Romero JR, Williams GH, Adler GK. Effects of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade and Statins on Kidney Injury Marker 1 (KIM-1) in Female Rats Receiving L-NAME and Angiotensin II. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6500. [PMID: 37047470 PMCID: PMC10095483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a biomarker of renal injury and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Aldosterone, via activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor, is linked to cardiac and renal injury. However, the impact of mineralocorticoid receptor activation and blockade on KIM-1 is uncertain. We investigated whether renal KIM-1 is increased in a cardiorenal injury model induced by L-NAME/ANG II, and whether mineralocorticoid receptor blockade prevents the increase in KIM-1. Since statin use is associated with lower aldosterone, we also investigated whether administering eiSther a lipophilic statin (simvastatin) or a hydrophilic statin (pravastatin) prevents the increase in renal KIM-1. Female Wistar rats (8-10 week old), consuming a high salt diet (1.6% Na+), were randomized to the following conditions for 14 days: control; L-NAME (0.2 mg/mL in drinking water)/ANG II (225 ug/kg/day on days 12-14); L-NAME/ANG II + eplerenone (100 mg/kg/day p.o.); L-NAME/ANG II + pravastatin (20 mg/kg/day p.o.); L-NAME/ANG II + simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day p.o.). Groups treated with L-NAME/ANG II had significantly higher blood pressure, plasma and urine aldosterone, cardiac injury/stroke composite score, and renal KIM-1 than the control group. Both eplerenone and simvastatin reduced 24-h urinary KIM-1 (p = 0.0046, p = 0.031, respectively) and renal KIM-1 immunostaining (p = 0.004, p = 0.037, respectively). Eplerenone also reduced renal KIM-1 mRNA expression (p = 0.012) and cardiac injury/stroke composite score (p = 0.04). Pravastatin did not affect these damage markers. The 24-h urinary KIM-1, renal KIM-1 immunostaining, and renal KIM-1 mRNA expression correlated with cardiac injury/stroke composite score (p < 0.0001, Spearman ranked correlation = 0.69, 0.66, 0.59, respectively). In conclusion, L-NAME/ANG II increases renal KIM-1 and both eplerenone and simvastatin blunt this increase in renal KIM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ezgi Caliskan Guzelce
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shadi K. Gholami
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kara L. Gawelek
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richard N. Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Luminita H. Pojoga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jose R. Romero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gordon H. Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gail K. Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Expression of growth arrest specific 1 (Gas1) in the distal tubules and collecting ducts in normal kidney and in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:925-946. [PMID: 36272046 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Growth Arrest-Specific protein 1 (Gas1) has been recently described in kidney as an endogenous inhibitor of cell proliferation in mesangial cells and with an important role in the maintenance of nephron progenitor cells. Furthermore, the expression of Gas1 was demonstrated in NCAM + progenitor parietal cells of Bowman's capsule. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the expression of Gas1 in the collecting ducts (CD) of healthy rats and to examine whether high glucose levels modify its expression during the early stages of diabetes in STZ-treated rats. Immunofluorescence reveals that principal cells AQP2 + express Gas1 in both healthy and diabetic conditions. Western blot from enriched fractions of medullary CD suggests that diabetes promotes the increase of Gas1. AQP2 + cells are also positive for the expression of CD24 and CD1133 in diabetic rats. In addition, diabetes modifies the cell morphology in the CD and favors the increase of principal cells (AQP2+/Gas1+), induces a significant decrease of intercalated cells (V-ATPase+/Gas1-) and the presence of intermediate cells (Gas1+/V-ATPase+) which express both principal and intercalated cell markers. The expression of Gas1 in the distal tubules was also determined by immunofluorescence, western blot and ELISA in diabetic rats. The results identify Gas1 as a specific marker of principal cells in healthy and diabetic rats and suggest that diabetes promotes the expression of Gas1. Gas1 may have an important role in the maintenance and differentiation to principal cells in the CD during early stages of diabetes.
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Collares-Buzato CB, Carvalho CP. Is type 2 diabetes mellitus another intercellular junction-related disorder? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:743-755. [PMID: 35466731 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221090464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is nowadays a worldwide epidemic and has become a major challenge for health systems around the world. It is a multifactorial disorder, characterized by a chronic state of hyperglycemia caused by defects in the production as well as in the peripheral action of insulin. This minireview highlights the experimental and clinical evidence that supports the novel idea that intercellular junctions (IJs)-mediated cell-cell contacts play a role in the pathogenesis of T2D. It focuses on IJs repercussion for endocrine pancreas, intestinal barrier, and kidney dysfunctions that contribute to the onset and evolution of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Collares-Buzato
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carolina Pf Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, CEP 11015-020, Brazil
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Luan ZL, Zhang C, Ming WH, Huang YZ, Guan YF, Zhang XY. Nuclear receptors in renal health and disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103855. [PMID: 35123268 PMCID: PMC8819107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major social and economic burden for the healthcare system, kidney diseases contribute to the constant increase of worldwide deaths. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing the etiology, development and progression of kidney diseases may help to identify potential therapeutic targets. As a superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors, nuclear receptors (NRs) are critical for the maintenance of normal renal function and their dysfunction is associated with a variety of kidney diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that ligands for NRs protect patients from renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephropathy (DN), renal fibrosis and kidney cancers. In the past decade, some breakthroughs have been made for the translation of NR ligands into clinical use. This review summarizes the current understanding of several important NRs in renal physiology and pathophysiology and discusses recent findings and applications of NR ligands in the management of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wen-Hua Ming
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ying-Zhi Huang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - You-Fei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Mhanna C, Pinto M, Koechley H, Kannekanti N, Raina R, Parimi P, Shekhawat P. Postnatal glucocorticoid use impacts renal function in VLBW neonates. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1821-1826. [PMID: 34400792 PMCID: PMC8366742 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm neonates often require glucocorticoids to manage refractory hypotension, prevent, and treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We have investigated the effect of cumulative dose and duration of glucocorticoids on blood pressure and renal function in VLBW infants. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, medical records of infants (GA ≤ 35 weeks) born January 2015 to December 2019 were reviewed to extract demographic and clinical characteristics, dose and duration of steroids, blood pressure (BP), and creatinine at the time of discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. RESULTS Two hundred and eighty-three neonates with average GA (28 ± 3 weeks) and birthweight (1060±381 g). Twenty-eight percent (33/116) of infants who received postnatal steroids developed hypertension versus 16% (27/167) of controls (OR = 2.0, p = 0.011). There was a correlation between the cumulative dosage of postnatal steroids and systolic BP (R2 = 0.06, p < 0.001). With increasing steroid dose and total steroid days, there was a significant increase in creatinine clearance at the time of discharge (R2 = 0.13, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.13, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Cumulative dose of postnatal steroids and duration of use is associated with increased systolic BP in premature infants. Postnatal steroids should be used prudently to prevent long-term cardiovascular and renal morbidity. IMPACT Preterm neonates are exposed to a high dose of glucocorticoids during their neonatal intensive care stay. The dose and duration of use of postnatal glucocorticoids was associated with significant increase in blood pressure at the time of discharge in preterm neonates. Postnatal glucocorticoid use is associated with improved creatinine clearance likely due to a state of hyperfiltration and may lead to chronic kidney disease later in life. Postnatal glucocorticoids should be used prudently in this highly vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Mhanna
- grid.239578.20000 0001 0675 4725Department of Pediatrics, The Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Merlin Pinto
- grid.411931.f0000 0001 0035 4528MetroHealth Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Hannah Koechley
- grid.411931.f0000 0001 0035 4528MetroHealth Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Naveen Kannekanti
- grid.411931.f0000 0001 0035 4528MetroHealth Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Rupesh Raina
- grid.413473.60000 0000 9013 1194Akron Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Akron, OH USA
| | - Prabhu Parimi
- grid.411931.f0000 0001 0035 4528MetroHealth Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Prem Shekhawat
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Noor S, Mohammad T, Ashraf GM, Farhat J, Bilgrami AL, Eapen MS, Sohal SS, Yadav DK, Hassan MI. Mechanistic insights into the role of serum-glucocorticoid kinase 1 in diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:562-573. [PMID: 34715204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of serum-glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1) contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple disorders, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, fibrosis, and metabolic syndrome. SGK1 variant is expressed in the presence of insulin and several growth factors, eventually modulating various ion channels, carrier proteins, and transcription factors. SGK1 also regulates the enzymatic activity of Na+ K+ ATPase, glycogen synthase kinase-3, ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, and phosphomannose mutase impacting cell cycle regulation, neuroexcitation, and apoptosis. Ample evidence supports the crucial role of aberrant SGK1 expression in hyperglycemia-mediated secondary organ damage. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a dreadful microvascular complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of end-stage renal failures with high morbidity and mortality rate. The complex pathogenesis of DN encompasses several influencing factors, including transcriptional factors, inflammatory markers, cytokines, epigenetic modulators, and abnormal enzymatic activities. SGK1 plays a pivotal role by controlling various physiological functions associated with the occurrence and progression of DN; therefore, targeting SGK1 may favorably influence the clinical outcome in patients with DN. This review aimed to provide mechanistic insights into SGK1 regulated DN pathogenesis and summarize the evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of SGK1 inhibition and its consequences on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Noor
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam M Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joviana Farhat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anwar L Bilgrami
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City 21924, South Korea.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Kawanami D, Takashi Y, Muta Y, Oda N, Nagata D, Takahashi H, Tanabe M. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:754239. [PMID: 34790127 PMCID: PMC8591525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays an important role in the development of DKD. A series of preclinical studies revealed that MR is overactivated under diabetic conditions, resulting in promoting inflammatory and fibrotic process in the kidney. Clinical studies demonstrated the usefulness of MR antagonists (MRAs), such as spironolactone and eplerenone, on DKD. However, concerns regarding their selectivity for MR and hyperkalemia have remained for these steroidal MRAs. Recently, nonsteroidal MRAs, including finerenone, have been developed. These agents are highly selective and have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties with a low risk of hyperkalemia. We herein review the current knowledge and future perspectives of MRAs in DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Muta
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Oda
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dai Nagata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makito Tanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Sassi A, Wang Y, Chassot A, Roth I, Ramakrishnan S, Olivier V, Staub O, Udwan K, Feraille E. Expression of claudin-8 is induced by aldosterone in renal collecting duct principal cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F645-F655. [PMID: 34605273 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00207.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine tuning of Na+ reabsorption takes place along the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, which includes the collecting duct (CD), where it is mainly regulated by aldosterone. In the CD, Na+ reabsorption is mediated by the epithelial Na+ channel and Na+ pump (Na+-K+-ATPase). Paracellular ion permeability is mainly dependent on tight junction permeability. Claudin-8 is one of the main tight junction proteins expressed along the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron. We have previously shown a coupling between transcellular Na+ reabsorption and paracellular Na+ barrier. We hypothesized that aldosterone controls the expression levels of both transcellular Na+ transporters and paracellular claudin-8 in a coordinated manner. Here, we show that aldosterone increased mRNA and protein levels as well as lateral membrane localization of claudin-8 in cultured CD principal cells. The increase in claudin-8 mRNA levels in response to aldosterone was prevented by preincubation with 17-hydroxyprogesterone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and by inhibition of transcription with actinomycin D. We also showed that a low-salt diet, which stimulated aldosterone secretion, was associated with increased claudin-8 abundance in the mouse kidney. Reciprocally, mice subjected to a high-salt diet, which inhibits aldosterone secretion, or treated with spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, displayed decreased claudin-8 expression. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3, Lyn, and Abl signaling pathways prevented the effect of aldosterone on claudin-8 mRNA and protein abundance, suggesting that signaling of protein kinases plays a permissive role on the transcriptional activity of the mineralocorticoid receptor. This study shows that signaling via multiple protein kinases working in concert mediates aldosterone-induced claudin-8 expression in the CD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we showed that aldosterone modulates claudin-8 expression in cultured collecting duct principal cells and in the mouse kidney. The upregulation of claudin-8 expression in response to aldosterone is dependent on at least glycogen synthase kinase-3, Lyn, and Abl signaling pathways, indicating the participation of multiple protein kinases to the effect of aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sassi
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch," Switzerland
| | - Yubao Wang
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch," Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Chassot
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch," Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Roth
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Suresh Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch," Switzerland
| | - Valérie Olivier
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch," Switzerland
| | - Olivier Staub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Khalil Udwan
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Feraille
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch," Switzerland
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Patel V, Joharapurkar A, Jain M. Role of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in kidney diseases. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:341-363. [PMID: 33179798 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists, for example, spironolactone and eplerenone, are in clinical use to treat hypertension. Increasing evidence suggests that mineralocorticoid receptor activation causes the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease. Aldosterone-induced MR activation increases inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress in the kidney. MR antagonists (MRAs) have demonstrated therapeutic actions in chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic nephropathy (DN), renal fibrosis, and drug-induced renal injury in preclinical and clinical studies. We have summarized and discussed these studies in this review. The nonsteroidal MRA, esaxerenone, recently received approval for the treatment of hypertension. It has also shown a positive therapeutic effect in phase 3 clinical trials in patients with DN. Other nonsteroidal MRA such as apararenone, finerenone, AZD9977, and LY2623091 are in different clinical trials in patients with hypertension suffering from renal or hepatic fibrotic diseases. Hyperkalemia associated with MRA therapy has frequently led to the discontinuation of the treatment. The new generation nonsteroidal MRAs like esaxerenone are less likely to cause hyperkalemia at therapeutic doses. It appears that the nonsteroidal MRAs can provide optimum therapeutic benefit for patients suffering from kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Mukul Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
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12
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Claudins in the Renal Collecting Duct. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010221. [PMID: 31905642 PMCID: PMC6981911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal collecting duct fine-tunes urinary composition, and thereby, coordinates key physiological processes, such as volume/blood pressure regulation, electrolyte-free water reabsorption, and acid-base homeostasis. The collecting duct epithelium is comprised of a tight epithelial barrier resulting in a strict separation of intraluminal urine and the interstitium. Tight junctions are key players in enforcing this barrier and in regulating paracellular transport of solutes across the epithelium. The features of tight junctions across different epithelia are strongly determined by their molecular composition. Claudins are particularly important structural components of tight junctions because they confer barrier and transport properties. In the collecting duct, a specific set of claudins (Cldn-3, Cldn-4, Cldn-7, Cldn-8) is expressed, and each of these claudins has been implicated in mediating aspects of the specific properties of its tight junction. The functional disruption of individual claudins or of the overall barrier function results in defects of blood pressure and water homeostasis. In this concise review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of the collecting duct epithelial barrier and of claudins in collecting duct function and pathophysiology.
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Rotbain Curovic V, Hansen TW, Eickhoff MK, von Scholten BJ, Reinhard H, Jacobsen PK, Persson F, Parving HH, Rossing P. Urinary tubular biomarkers as predictors of kidney function decline, cardiovascular events and mortality in microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:1143-1150. [PMID: 30105469 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Urinary levels of kidney injury molecule 1 (u-KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (u-NGAL) reflect proximal tubular pathophysiology and have been proposed as risk markers for development of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We clarify the predictive value of u-KIM-1 and u-NGAL for decline in eGFR, cardiovascular events (CVE) and all-cause mortality in patients with T2D and persistent microalbuminuria without clinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS This is a prospective study that included 200 patients. u-KIM-1 and u-NGAL were measured at baseline and were available in 192 patients. Endpoints comprised: decline in eGFR > 30%, a composite of fatal and nonfatal CVE consisting of: cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic heart disease and heart failure based on national hospital discharge registries, and all-cause mortality. Adjusted Cox models included traditional risk factors, including eGFR. Hazard ratios (HR) are provided per 1 standard deviation (SD) increment of log2-transformed values. Relative integrated discrimination improvement (rIDI) was calculated. RESULTS During the 6.1 years' follow-up, higher u-KIM-1 was a predictor of eGFR decline (n = 29), CVE (n = 34) and all-cause mortality (n = 29) in adjusted models: HR (95% CI) 1.68 (1.04-2.71), p = 0.034; 2.26 (1.24-4.15), p = 0.008; and 1.52 (1.00-2.31), p = 0.049. u-KIM-1 contributed significantly to risk prediction for all-cause mortality evaluated by rIDI (63.1%, p = 0.001). u-NGAL was not a predictor of any of the outcomes after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2D and persistent microalbuminuria, u-KIM-1, but not u-NGAL, was an independent risk factor for decline in eGFR, CVE and all-cause mortality, and contributed significant discrimination for all-cause mortality, beyond traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tine W Hansen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Mie K Eickhoff
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Reinhard
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Frederik Persson
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Hans-Henrik Parving
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Furukawa C, Ishizuka N, Hayashi H, Fujii N, Manabe A, Tabuchi Y, Matsunaga T, Endo S, Ikari A. Up-regulation of claudin-2 expression by aldosterone in colonic epithelial cells of mice fed with NaCl-depleted diets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12223. [PMID: 28939904 PMCID: PMC5610316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary NaCl depletion increases Na+ absorption and K+ secretion in the colon, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. In mice fed with NaCl-depleted diets, the expression of claudin-2 and -7 increased compared to those in control mice. Aldosterone (ALD) concentration was also increased. We examined the regulatory mechanism of claudin expression by ALD using the murine colonic epithelial MCE301 cells. ALD dose-dependently increased claudin-2 expression without affecting the expression of claudin-4, -7, -8, and -15. ALD increased nuclear distribution of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which was inhibited by spironolactone, an MR antagonist. The ALD-induced elevation of claudin-2 mRNA and protein expression was inhibited by spironolactone, but not by RU-486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. Luciferase reporter assay showed that ALD interacts with the promoter region between -2,021 and -2,008 of human claudin-2. The binding of MR on the promoter region of claudin-2 was increased by ALD, which was inhibited by spironolactone in chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Our data suggest that ALD acts on MR and increases paracellular permeability to ions mediated by the elevation of claudin-2 expression in the colon. NaCl depletion may increase ALD secretion from adrenal cortex, resulting in the elevation of paracellular permeability to cations in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Furukawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Noriko Ishizuka
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Hayashi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Fujii
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Aya Manabe
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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