1
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Clay AM, Carr RL, DuBien JL, To F. Short-term behavioral and histological findings following a single concussive and repeated subconcussive brain injury in a rodent model. Brain Inj 2024; 38:827-834. [PMID: 38704844 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2349144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE It is unclear of the correlation between a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and repeated subconcussive (RSC) impacts with respect to injury biomechanics. Thus, the present study was designed to determine the behavioral and histological differences between a single mTBI impact and RSC impacts with subdivided cumulative kinetic energies of the single mTBI impact. RESEARCH DESIGN Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a single mTBI impact, RSC impact, sham, or repeated sham groups. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Following a weight drop injury, anxiety-like behavior and general locomotive activity and were assessed using the open field test, while motor coordination was evaluated using a rotarod unit. Neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and microgliosis were assessed using NeuN, GFAP and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry. All assessments were undertaken at 3- and 7-days post impact. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS No behavioral disturbances were observed in injury groups, however, both injury groups did lead to microgliosis following 3-days post-impact. CONCLUSIONS No pathophysiological differences were observed between a single mTBI impact and RSC impacts of the same energy input. Even though a cumulative injury threshold for RSC impacts was not determined, a threshold still may exist where no pathodynamic shift occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Clay
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Russell L Carr
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Janice L DuBien
- Department of Statistics, Mississippi University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Filip To
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
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2
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Suryo AP, Meizikri R, Apriawan T, Turchan A, Hendrati LY, Bajamal AH, Parenrengi MA, Utomo B, Fauziah D, Wiratama PA. Effect of Kencur ( Kaempferia galanga L.) Ethanolic Extract Treatment on Cerebral Caspase-3 Expression in Traumatic Brain Injury Rat Models. Malays J Med Sci 2024; 31:43-51. [PMID: 38694581 PMCID: PMC11057826 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury is one of the most common forms of trauma and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) ethanolic extract is known to contain substances that could theoretically inhibit unfavourable cellular processes, including oxidative stress and inflammation. This research aimed to study Kencur's anti-apoptosis activity through the inhibition of caspase-3. Methods This is a true experimental post-test-only group design study, using male Wistar rats (Ratus novergicus) with weight-drop-induced traumatic brain injury. The subjects in this study were divided into four groups: two Control groups (Groups A and B) and two Therapy groups (Groups C and D). Groups C and D differed in the dose of Kencur ethanolic extract administered (600 mg/kgBW/day and 1,200 mg/kgBW/day, respectively). The Therapy groups were then subdivided into those receiving therapy for 24 h (C-24 and D-24) and those receiving therapy for 48 h (C-48 and D-48). Caspase-3 expression in brain tissue was evaluated at the end of the therapy using immunohistochemistry. All groups were subjected to a Kruskal-Wallis comparison test and the investigation continued with a Mann-Whitney U test to compare the two groups. Results In traumatic brain injury rat models treated with Kaempferia galanga L. ethanolic extract at doses of 1,200 mg/kgBW/day within 48 h of therapy (D-48) compared to those who were not treated, there was a significant change in the cerebral expression of caspase-3 (P = 0.016). There was also a significant difference between the two doses of intervention (C-24 at 600 mg/kgBW/day and D-48 at 1,200 mg/kgBW/day; P = 0.016). Conclusion With a minimum of 48 h of treatment split into two doses, Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) ethanolic extract can decrease caspase-3 expression in rats with traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Army Pambudi Suryo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rizki Meizikri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tedy Apriawan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Agus Turchan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Lucia Yovita Hendrati
- Department of Epidemiology, Population, Biostatistics and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Hafid Bajamal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitas Airlangga Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Arifin Parenrengi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Budi Utomo
- Department of Public Health Science and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Fauziah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Priangga Adi Wiratama
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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3
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Liu Y, Fan Z, Wang J, Dong X, Ouyang W. Modified mouse model of repeated mild traumatic brain injury through a thinned-skull window and fluid percussion. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1633-1650. [PMID: 37382058 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a clinically highly heterogeneous neurological disorder, none of the existing animal models can replicate the entire sequelae. This study aimed to develop a modified closed head injury (CHI) model of repeated mTBI (rmTBI) for investigating Ca2+ fluctuations of the affected neural network, the alternations of electrophysiology, and behavioral dysfunctions. The transcranial Ca2+ study protocol includes AAV-GCaMP6s infection in the right motor cortex, thinned-skull preparation, and two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) imaging. The CHI rmTBI model is fabricated using the thinned-skull site and applying 2.0 atm fluid percussion with 48-h interval. The neurological dysfunction, minor motor performance, evident mood, spatial working, and reference deficits we found in this study mimic the clinically relevant syndromes after mTBI. Besides, our study revealed that there was a trend of transition from Ca2+ singlepeak to multipeak and plateau, and the total Ca2+ activities of multipeaks and plateaus (p < .001 vs. pre-rmTBI value) were significantly increased in ipsilateral layer 2/3 motor neurons after rm TBI. In parallel, there is a low-frequency power shift from delta to theta band (p < .01 vs. control) in the ipsilateral layer 2/3 of motor cortex of the rmTBI mice, and the overall firing rates significantly increased (p < .01 vs. control). Moreover, rmTBI causes slight cortical and hippocampal neuron damage and possibly induces neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG). The alternations of Ca2+ and electrophysiological characteristics in layer 2/3 neuronal network, histopathological changes, and possible neurogenesis may play concertedly and partially contribute to the functional outcome post-rmTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Liu
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhiheng Fan
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jihui Wang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xuefen Dong
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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4
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Xiong J, Lv Y, Ma X, Peng G, Wu C, Hou J, Zhang Y, Wu C, Chen-Yi Liu T, Yang L. Neuroprotective Effect of Sub-lethal Hyperthermia Preconditioning in a Rat Model of Repeated Closed Head Injury. Neuroscience 2023; 522:57-68. [PMID: 37164305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injury (rTBI), one of the most common forms of traumatic brain injury, is a worldwide severe public health concern. rTBI induces cumulative neuronal injury, neurological dysfunction, and cognitive deficits. Although there are clinical treatment methods, there is still an urgent need to develop preventive approaches for susceptible populations. Using a repeated closed head injury (rCHI) rat model, we interrogate the effect of sub-lethal hyperthermia preconditioning (SHP) on rCHI-induced neuronal injury and behavioral changes. Our study applied the repeated weight-drop model to induce the rCHI. According to the changes of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) in the cortex and hippocampus following a single SHP treatment in normal rats, the SHP was delivered to the rats 18 hours before rCHI. We found that HSP significantly alleviated rCHI-induced anxiety-like behaviors and impairments in motor abilities and spatial memory. SHP exerts significant neuroprotection against rCHI-induced neuronal damage, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. Our findings support the potential use of SHP as a preventative approach for alleviating rCHI-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China; Guangzhou Cadre Health Management Center, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Guangcong Peng
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Chunyi Wu
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China.
| | - Timon Chen-Yi Liu
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China.
| | - Luodan Yang
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China.
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5
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Shamloo F, Kon M, Ritter E, Sereno AB. Quantifying the Magnitude and Longevity of the Effect of Repetitive Head Impacts in Adolescent Soccer Players: Deleterious Effect of Long Headers Extend Beyond a Month. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:267-275. [PMID: 37095854 PMCID: PMC10122256 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2022.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the effects of sports-related repetitive head impacts (RHIs) on athletes' cognitive capabilities. This study examines the effect of RHIs in data collected from adolescent athletes to estimate the magnitude and longevity of RHIs on sensorimotor and cognitive performance. A non-linear regression model estimated the longevity of RHI effects by adding a half-life parameter embedded in an exponential decay function. A model estimate of this parameter allows the possibility of RHI effects to attenuate over time and introduces a mechanism to study the cumulative effect of RHIs. The posterior distribution of the half-life parameter associated with short-distance headers (<30 m) is centered around 6 days, whereas the posterior distribution of the half-life parameter associated with long-distance headers extends beyond a month. Additionally, the magnitude of the effect of each short header is around 3 times smaller than that of a long header. The results indicate that, on both tasks, response time (RT) changes after long headers are bigger in magnitude and last longer compared to the effects of short headers. Most important, we demonstrate that deleterious effects of long headers extend beyond 1 month. Although estimates are based on data from a relatively short-duration study with a relatively small sample size, the proposed model provides a mechanism to estimate long-term behavioral slowing from RHIs, which may be helpful to reduce the risk of additional injury. Finally, differences in the longevity of the effects of short and long RHIs may help to explain the large variance found between biomechanical input and clinical outcome in studies of concussion tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Shamloo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Maria Kon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
- Address correspondence to: Maria Kon, PhD, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Ritter
- University of North Carolina Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne B. Sereno
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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6
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A Novel Laser-Based Zebrafish Model for Studying Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Molecular Targets. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081751. [PMID: 36015377 PMCID: PMC9416346 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem. Here, we developed a novel model of non-invasive TBI induced by laser irradiation in the telencephalon of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) and assessed their behavior and neuromorphology to validate the model and evaluate potential targets for neuroreparative treatment. Overall, TBI induced hypolocomotion and anxiety-like behavior in the novel tank test, strikingly recapitulating responses in mammalian TBI models, hence supporting the face validity of our model. NeuN-positive cell staining was markedly reduced one day, but not seven days, after TBI, suggesting increased neuronal damage immediately after the injury, and its fast recovery. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) level in the brain dropped immediately after the trauma, but fully recovered seven days later. A marker of microglial activation, Iba1, was elevated in the TBI brain, albeit decreasing from Day 3. The levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1a) increased 30 min after the injury, and recovered by Day 7, further supporting the construct validity of the model. Collectively, these findings suggest that our model of laser-induced brain injury in zebrafish reproduces mild TBI and can be a useful tool for TBI research and preclinical neuroprotective drug screening.
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7
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Kamal SR, Potukutchi S, Gelovani DJ, Bonomi RE, Kallakuri S, Cavanaugh JM, Mangner T, Conti A, Liu RS, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Sidman RL, Perrine SA, Gelovani JG. Spatial and temporal dynamics of HDACs class IIa following mild traumatic brain injury in adult rats. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1683-1693. [PMID: 35027678 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in neuroplasticity and adaptive responses to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is gaining increased recognition. TBI-induced neurodegeneration is associated with several changes in the expression-activity of various epigenetic regulatory enzymes, including histone deacetylases (HDACs). In this study, PET/CT with 6-([18F]trifluoroacetamido)-1- hexanoicanilide ([18F]TFAHA) to image spatial and temporal dynamics of HDACs class IIa expression-activity in brains of adult rats subjected to a weight drop model of diffuse, non-penetrating, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The mTBI model was validated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of brain tissue sections for localization and magnitude of expression of heat-shock protein-70 kDa (HSP70), amyloid precursor protein (APP), cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2), ionized calcium-binding adapter protein-1 (IBA1), histone deacetylase-4 and -5 (HDAC4 and HDAC5). In comparison to baseline, the expression-activities of HDAC4 and HDAC5 were downregulated in the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, peri-3rd ventricular part of the thalamus, and substantia nigra at 1-3 days post mTBI, and remained low at 7-8 days post mTBI. Reduced levels of HDAC4 and HDAC5 expression observed in neurons of these brain regions post mTBI were associated with the reduced nuclear and neuropil levels of HDAC4 and HDAC5 with the shift to perinuclear localization of these enzymes. These results support the rationale for the development of therapeutic strategies to upregulate expression-activity of HDACs class IIa post-TBI. PET/CT (MRI) with [18F]TFAHA can facilitate the development and clinical translation of unique therapeutic approaches to upregulate the expression and activity of HDACs class IIa enzymes in the brain after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatabdi R Kamal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Shreya Potukutchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - David J Gelovani
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Robin E Bonomi
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Srinivasu Kallakuri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - John M Cavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thomas Mangner
- Cyclotron-Radiochemistry Facility, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Alana Conti
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Departments of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Richard L Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Molecular Imaging Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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8
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Li J, Zhang D, Guo S, Zhao C, Wang L, Ma S, Guan F, Yao M. Dual-enzymatically cross-linked gelatin hydrogel promotes neural differentiation and neurotrophin secretion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of moderate traumatic brain injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:200-213. [PMID: 34310990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most devastating nervous injuries. Neural tissue engineering based on stem cells and bioactive scaffold is a promising but challenging approach for neural repair. A cutting-edge system with capability to control the fate of encapsulated stem cells is attractive to enhance neural regeneration after TBI. Herein, an injectable gelatin hydrogel dual-enzymatically cross-linked by horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and choline oxidase (ChOx) was performed as the neural scaffold to load murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) for TBI treatment. The results of in vitro cellular experiments showed that low cross-linked gelatin hydrogel could obviously promote cellular viability, neural differentiation, and neurotrophins secretion of the loaded BMSC. In vivo tests on a TBI model of C57BL/6 mouse demonstrated that BMSC-laden gelatin hydrogel implants could significantly reduce the damaged area, ameliorate inflammation, attenuate neuronal apoptosis, facilitate survival and proliferation of endogenous neural cells, and promote the neurological function recovery of TBI mice. All data suggest that establishment of this three-dimensional (3D) gelatin hydrogel stem cell-loaded system is a promising therapeutic strategy for TBI or other neurological rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Li
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Shen Guo
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Chengbin Zhao
- Neurosurgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Luyu Wang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China.
| | - Minghao Yao
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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9
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Kuo CW, Chang MY, Liu HH, He XK, Chan SY, Huang YZ, Peng CW, Chang PK, Pan CY, Hsieh TH. Cortical Electrical Stimulation Ameliorates Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Sensorimotor and Cognitive Deficits in Rats. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:693073. [PMID: 34194304 PMCID: PMC8236591 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.693073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Individuals with different severities of traumatic brain injury (TBI) often suffer long-lasting motor, sensory, neurological, or cognitive disturbances. To date, no neuromodulation-based therapies have been used to manage the functional deficits associated with TBI. Cortical electrical stimulation (CES) has been increasingly developed for modulating brain plasticity and is considered to have therapeutic potential in TBI. However, the therapeutic value of such a technique for TBI is still unclear. Accordingly, an animal model of this disease would be helpful for mechanistic insight into using CES as a novel treatment approach in TBI. The current study aims to apply a novel CES scheme with a theta-burst stimulation (TBS) protocol to identify the therapeutic potential of CES in a weight drop-induced rat model of TBI. Methods: TBI rats were divided into the sham CES treatment group and CES treatment group. Following early and long-term CES intervention (starting 24 h after TBI, 1 session/day, 5 days/week) in awake TBI animals for a total of 4 weeks, the effects of CES on the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), sensorimotor and cognitive behaviors and neuroinflammatory changes were identified. Results: We found that the 4-week CES intervention significantly alleviated the TBI-induced neurological, sensorimotor, and cognitive deficits in locomotor activity, sensory and recognition memory. Immunohistochemically, we found that CES mitigated the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) activation in the hippocampus. Conclusion: These findings suggest that CES has significant benefits in alleviating TBI-related symptoms and represents a promising treatment for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Kuo
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yuan Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Early Childhood and Family Educare, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Yuanlin, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hua Liu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kuo He
- Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China.,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shu-Yen Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Kai Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Pan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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10
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Xu X, Cowan M, Beraldo F, Schranz A, McCunn P, Geremia N, Brown Z, Patel M, Nygard KL, Khazaee R, Lu L, Liu X, Strong MJ, Dekaban GA, Menon R, Bartha R, Daley M, Mao H, Prado V, Prado MAM, Saksida L, Bussey T, Brown A. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in mice triggers a slowly developing cascade of long-term and persistent behavioral deficits and pathological changes. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:60. [PMID: 33823944 PMCID: PMC8025516 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported long-term changes in the brains of non-concussed varsity rugby players using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic imaging (fMRI). Others have reported cognitive deficits in contact sport athletes that have not met the diagnostic criteria for concussion. These results suggest that repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (rmTBIs) that are not severe enough to meet the diagnostic threshold for concussion, produce long-term consequences. We sought to characterize the neuroimaging, cognitive, pathological and metabolomic changes in a mouse model of rmTBI. Using a closed-skull model of mTBI that when scaled to human leads to rotational and linear accelerations far below what has been reported for sports concussion athletes, we found that 5 daily mTBIs triggered two temporally distinct types of pathological changes. First, during the first days and weeks after injury, the rmTBI produced diffuse axonal injury, a transient inflammatory response and changes in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that resolved with time. Second, the rmTBI led to pathological changes that were evident months after the injury including: changes in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), altered levels of synaptic proteins, behavioural deficits in attention and spatial memory, accumulations of pathologically phosphorylated tau, altered blood metabolomic profiles and white matter ultrastructural abnormalities. These results indicate that exceedingly mild rmTBI, in mice, triggers processes with pathological consequences observable months after the initial injury.
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Post-concussion symptoms in sports-related mild traumatic brain injury compared to non-sports-related mild traumatic brain injury. CAN J EMERG MED 2021; 23:223-231. [PMID: 33512694 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-020-00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare post-concussion symptoms in patients who sustained a sports-related mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) to those with non-sports-related mild TBI at 7 and 90 days post-injury. METHODS This prospective multicentre cohort study took place in seven Canadian Emergency Departments (ED). Non-hospitalized patients aged ≥ 14 years with a documented mild TBI that occurred ≤ 24 h of ED visit and a Glasgow Coma Scale score ≥ 13 were included. Main outcome measure was the presence of ≥ 3 symptoms on the Rivermead Post-concussion Questionnaire at 90 days post-injury. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of (1) individual Rivermead Post-concussion Questionnaire symptom, (2) total Rivermead Post-concussion Questionnaire score ≥ 21 and (3) return to normal daily activities. Adjusted risk ratios (RR) were calculated. RESULTS 1727 patients were included, 363 (21.0%) sustained a sports-related mild TBI. Similar proportions of patients with ≥ 3 symptoms, a Rivermead Post-concussion Questionnaire score ≥ 21 and those who returned to their normal daily activities were observed at 7 and 90 days post-injury. Sports-related mild TBI patients were at higher risk of poor concentration [RR: 1.3 (95% CI 1.05-1.54)] and non-return to sports activities [RR: 2.2 (95% CI 1.69-2.94)] at 7 days post-injury. At 90 days, sports-relate -mild TBI patients reported less fatigue [RR: 0.7 (95% CI 0.51-0.98)] and feeling of dizziness [RR: 0.6 (95% CI 0.35-0.99)]. CONCLUSION Patients who sustained sports-related mild TBI could be at lower risk of experiencing symptoms such as fatigue and dizziness 90 days post-injury. Clinicians should be mindful that non-sports-related mild TBI patients may experience more post-concussion symptoms and that the level of physical activity may influence the patient's rehabilitation.
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Hsieh TH, Kuo CW, Hsieh KH, Shieh MJ, Peng CW, Chen YC, Chang YL, Huang YZ, Chen CC, Chang PK, Chen KY, Chen HY. Probiotics Alleviate the Progressive Deterioration of Motor Functions in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10040206. [PMID: 32244769 PMCID: PMC7226147 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the common long-term degenerative disorders that primarily affect motor systems. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in individuals with PD and often present before motor symptoms. It has been found that gut dysbiosis to PD pathology is related to the severity of motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. Probiotics have been reported to have the ability to improve the symptoms related to constipation in PD patients. However, the evidence from preclinical or clinical research to verify the beneficial effects of probiotics for the motor functions in PD is still limited. An experimental PD animal model could be helpful in exploring the potential therapeutic strategy using probiotics. In the current study, we examined whether daily and long-term administration of probiotics has neuroprotective effects on nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and whether it can further alleviate the motor dysfunctions in PD mice. Transgenic MitoPark PD mice were chosen for this study and the effects of daily probiotic treatment on gait, beam balance, motor coordination, and the degeneration levels of dopaminergic neurons were identified. From the results, compared with the sham treatment group, we found that the daily administration of probiotics significantly reduced the motor impairments in gait pattern, balance function, and motor coordination. Immunohistochemically, a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell in the substantia nigra was significantly preserved in the probiotic-treated PD mice. These results showed that long-term administration of probiotics has neuroprotective effects on dopamine neurons and further attenuates the deterioration of motor dysfunctions in MitoPark PD mice. Our data further highlighted the promising possibility of the potential use of probiotics, which could be the relevant approach for further application on human PD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (C.-W.K.); (K.-H.H.); (C.-C.C.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Kuo
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (C.-W.K.); (K.-H.H.); (C.-C.C.)
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsuan Hsieh
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (C.-W.K.); (K.-H.H.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Meng-Jyh Shieh
- Department of Biotechnology, Tajen Institute of Technology, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Chien Chen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Taichung General Veteran Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Ling Chang
- School and Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Chung Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (C.-W.K.); (K.-H.H.); (C.-C.C.)
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Kai Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Yung Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 3633)
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Lee YL, Lim SW, Zheng HX, Chang WT, Nyam TTE, Chio CC, Kuo JR, Wang CC. The Short-Term Effects of Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury on the Heart in Experimental Healthy Rats. Neurocrit Care 2020; 33:438-448. [PMID: 31907801 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, cardiac dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been consistent. In this study, we hypothesized that TBI may play a role in the development of new-onset cardiac dysfunction in healthy experimental rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anesthetized healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: a sham-operated control group and a TBI group. The brain was injured with 2.4 atm percussion via a fluid percussion injury model. During the 120 min after TBI, we continuously measured brain parameters, including intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and cardiac parameters, such as heart rate (HR), inter-ventricular septum dimension (IVSD), left ventricular internal dimension diastole (LVIDd), end-diastolic volume (EDV), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and LV mass diastole (LVd mass) by cardiac echo. On days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after TBI, the brain damage volume was evaluated with triphenyltetrazolium chloride; the physiological parameters of the heart, including HR, IVSd, LVIDd, EDV, EF, FS, and LVd mass, were evaluated with cardiac echo; the morphology of cardiomyocytes was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson trichrome staining; and the biomarkers of cardiac injury troponin I and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were also examined. RESULTS Compared to sham-operated controls, the TBI groups had higher ICP, lower CPP, and higher brain neuronal apoptosis and infarction contusion volume. The impact of TBI on heart function showed hyperdynamic response trends in IVSd, LVIDd, EDV, EF, FS, and LVd mass within 30 min after TBI; however, EF and FS exhibited eventual decreasing trends. Simultaneously, the values of the biomarkers troponin I and BNP were within normal limits, and HE and Mass trichrome staining revealed no significant differences between the sham-operated control group and the TBI group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TBI due to 2.4 atm fluid percussion injury in healthy experimental rats may cause significant damage to the brain and affect the heart function as investigated by cardiac echo but not as investigated by HE and Masson trichrome stainings or troponin I and BNP evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Lin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sher-Wei Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Chia-li, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Xiang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tee-Tau Eric Nyam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Chio
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Rung Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Animal Models of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 10:diagnostics10010004. [PMID: 31861595 PMCID: PMC7169449 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with the incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy increasing with the severity of the head injury. Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is defined as a recurrent seizure disorder secondary to trauma to the brain and has been described as one of the most devastating complications associated with TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury). The goal of this review is to characterize current animal models of PTE and provide succinct protocols for the development of each of the currently available animal models. The development of translational and effective animal models for post-traumatic epilepsy is critical in both elucidating the underlying pathophysiology associated with PTE and providing efficacious clinical breakthroughs in the management of PTE.
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Caveolin-1 Regulates P2Y 2 Receptor Signaling during Mechanical Injury in Human 1321N1 Astrocytoma. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100622. [PMID: 31635212 PMCID: PMC6843573 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae-associated protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1) plays key roles in cellular processes such as mechanosensing, receptor coupling to signaling pathways, cell growth, apoptosis, and cancer. In 1321N1 astrocytoma cells Cav-1 interacts with the P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) to modulate its downstream signaling. P2Y2R and its signaling machinery also mediate pro-survival actions after mechanical injury. This study determines if Cav-1 knockdown (KD) affects P2Y2R signaling and its pro-survival actions in the 1321N1 astrocytoma cells mechanical injury model system. KD of Cav-1 decreased its expression in 1321N1 cells devoid of or expressing hHAP2Y2R by ~88% and ~85%, respectively. Cav-1 KD had no significant impact on P2Y2R expression. Post-injury densitometric analysis of pERK1/2 and Akt activities in Cav-1-positive 1321N1 cells (devoid of or expressing a hHAP2Y2R) revealed a P2Y2R-dependent temporal increase in both kinases. These temporal increases in pERK1/2 and pAkt were significantly decreased in Cav-1 KD 1321N1 (devoid of or expressing a hHAP2Y2R). Cav-1 KD led to an ~2.0-fold and ~2.4-fold decrease in the magnitude of the hHAP2Y2R-mediated pERK1/2 and pAkt kinases’ activity, respectively. These early-onset hHAP2Y2R-mediated signaling responses in Cav-1-expressing and Cav-1 KD 1321N1 correlated with changes in cell viability (via a resazurin-based method) and apoptosis (via caspase-9 expression). In Cav-1-positive 1321N1 cells, expression of hHAP2Y2R led to a significant increase in cell viability and decreased apoptotic (caspase-9) activity after mechanical injury. In contrast, hHAP2Y2R-elicited changes in viability and apoptotic (caspase-9) activity were decreased after mechanical injury in Cav-1 KD 1321N1 cells expressing hHAP2Y2R. These findings support the importance of Cav-1 in modulating P2Y2R signaling during mechanical injury and its protective actions in a human astrocytoma cell line, whilst shedding light on potential new venues for brain injury or trauma interventions.
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Cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments vary as a function of injury severity at 12 months post-experimental diffuse traumatic brain injury: Implications for dementia development. Behav Brain Res 2019; 365:66-76. [PMID: 30826298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common risk factor for later neurodegeneration, which can manifest as dementia. Despite this, little is known about the time-course of development of functional deficits, particularly cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments, and whether these differ depending on the nature of the initiating insult. Therefore, this study investigated long term functional impairment at 12 months post-injury following diffuse TBI of different severities. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (420-480 g; 10-12 weeks) were either given a sham surgery (n = 14) or subjected to Marmarou's impact acceleration model of diffuse TBI for a single mild TBI (n = 12), repetitive mild TBI (3 mild diffuse injuries at 5 day intervals) (n = 14) or moderate to severe TBI (n = 14). At 12 months after injury, they were tested on a functional battery encompassing motor, neuropsychiatric (anxiety and depressive-like) and cognitive function. Our results showed that moderate to severe TBI animals exhibited significant impairments in cognitive flexibility (p = 0.009) on the Barnes maze when compared to age-matched sham animals. Neither repetitive mild TBI nor single mild TBI animals showed significant functional impairments when compared to shams. Thus, this study provides the first insight into chronic functional impairments associated with different severities of diffuse TBI, with moderate to severe TBI being a higher risk factor for impaired cognitive function at 12 months post-injury. Taken together, this may have implications for risk of dementia development following different severities of injury.
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Bodnar CN, Roberts KN, Higgins EK, Bachstetter AD. A Systematic Review of Closed Head Injury Models of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice and Rats. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1683-1706. [PMID: 30661454 PMCID: PMC6555186 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild TBI (mTBI) is a significant health concern. Animal models of mTBI are essential for understanding mechanisms, and pathological outcomes, as well as to test therapeutic interventions. A variety of closed head models of mTBI that incorporate different aspects (i.e., biomechanics) of the mTBI have been reported. The aim of the current review was to compile a comprehensive list of the closed head mTBI rodent models, along with the common data elements, and outcomes, with the goal to summarize the current state of the field. Publications were identified from a search of PubMed and Web of Science and screened for eligibility following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were included that were closed head injuries in which the authors classified the injury as mild in rats or mice. Injury model and animal-specific common data elements, as well as behavioral and histological outcomes, were collected and compiled from a total of 402 articles. Our results outline the wide variety of methods used to model mTBI. We also discovered that female rodents and both young and aged animals are under-represented in experimental mTBI studies. Our findings will aid in providing context comparing the injury models and provide a starting point for the selection of the most appropriate model of mTBI to address a specific hypothesis. We believe this review will be a useful starting place for determining what has been done and what knowledge is missing in the field to reduce the burden of mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen N. Bodnar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kelly N. Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Emma K. Higgins
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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O'Donnell JC, Browne KD, Kilbaugh TJ, Chen HI, Whyte J, Cullen DK. Challenges and demand for modeling disorders of consciousness following traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:336-346. [PMID: 30550859 PMCID: PMC7847278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), many patients experience coma - an unresponsive state lacking wakefulness or awareness. Coma rarely lasts more than two weeks, and emergence involves passing through a state of wakefulness without awareness of self or environment. Patients that linger in these Disorders of Consciousness (DoC) undergo clinical assessments of awareness for diagnosis into Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (no awareness, also called vegetative state) or Minimally Conscious State (periodic increases in awareness). These diagnoses are notoriously inaccurate, offering little prognostic value. Recovery of awareness is unpredictable, returning within weeks, years, or never. This leaves patients' families with difficult decisions and little information on which to base them. Clinical studies have made significant advancements, but remain encumbered by high variability, limited data output, and a lack of necessary controls. Herein we discuss the clear and present need to establish a preclinical model of TBI-induced DoC, the significant challenges involved, and how such a model can be applied to support DoC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C O'Donnell
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin D Browne
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - H Isaac Chen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Whyte
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, United States
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Chiu LS, Anderton RS, Cross JL, Clark VW, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Poly-arginine Peptide R18D Reduces Neuroinflammation and Functional Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-Evans Rat. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-09799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ma X, Aravind A, Pfister BJ, Chandra N, Haorah J. Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury and Assessment of Injury Severity. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5332-5345. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Improved voiding function by deep brain stimulation in traumatic brain-injured animals with bladder dysfunctions. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 51:41-52. [PMID: 30474784 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-2028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global scenario with high mortality and disability, which does not have an effectual and approved therapy till now. Bladder dysfunction is a major symptom after TBI, and this study deals with the alleviation of bladder function in TBI rats, with the aid of deep brain stimulations (DBS). METHODS TBI was induced by weight drop model (WDM) and standardized with the experimental subjects with variable heights for weight dropping. The rats survived after TBI were considered for bladder dysfunction observations. DBS with variable stimulation parameters like cystometric analysis and MRI studies were also performed. RESULTS After experimental studies, TBI 2-m-height crash was determined as suitable parameter due to minimal mortality rate and significant reduction in the voiding efficiency from 67 to 28%, whereas DBS significantly reversed the value of voiding efficiency to 65-84%. MRI studies revealed the severity of TBI impact and DBS localization. CONCLUSION The results showed profound therapeutic effect of PnO-DBS on voiding functions and bladder control on TBI rats.
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Wang H, Zhu X, Liao Z, Xiang H, Ren M, Xu M, Zhao H. Novel-graded traumatic brain injury model in rats induced by closed head impacts. Neuropathology 2018; 38:484-492. [PMID: 30187543 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Xiyan Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vehicle Crash/Bio-impact and Traffic Safety, Institute for Traffic Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Zhikang Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vehicle Crash/Bio-impact and Traffic Safety, Institute for Traffic Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Hongyi Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vehicle Crash/Bio-impact and Traffic Safety, Institute for Traffic Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Mingliang Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vehicle Crash/Bio-impact and Traffic Safety, Institute for Traffic Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
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Meconi A, Wortman RC, Wright DK, Neale KJ, Clarkson M, Shultz SR, Christie BR. Repeated mild traumatic brain injury can cause acute neurologic impairment without overt structural damage in juvenile rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197187. [PMID: 29738554 PMCID: PMC5940222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated concussion is becoming increasingly recognized as a serious public health concern around the world. Moreover, there is a greater awareness amongst health professionals of the potential for repeated pediatric concussions to detrimentally alter the structure and function of the developing brain. To better study this issue, we developed an awake closed head injury (ACHI) model that enabled repeated concussions to be performed reliably and reproducibly in juvenile rats. A neurological assessment protocol (NAP) score was generated immediately after each ACHI to help quantify the cumulative effects of repeated injury on level of consciousness, and basic motor and reflexive capacity. Here we show that we can produce a repeated ACHI (4 impacts in two days) in both male and female juvenile rats without significant mortality or pain. We show that both single and repeated injuries produce acute neurological deficits resembling clinical concussion symptoms that can be quantified using the NAP score. Behavioural analyses indicate repeated ACHI acutely impaired spatial memory in the Barnes maze, and an interesting sex effect was revealed as memory impairment correlated moderately with poorer NAP score performance in a subset of females. These cognitive impairments occurred in the absence of motor impairments on the Rotarod, or emotional changes in the open field and elevated plus mazes. Cresyl violet histology and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated that repeated ACHI did not produce significant structural damage. MRI also confirmed there was no volumetric loss in the cortex, hippocampus, or corpus callosum of animals at 1 or 7 days post-ACHI. Together these data indicate that the ACHI model can provide a reliable, high throughput means to study the effects of concussions in juvenile rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Meconi
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan C. Wortman
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David K. Wright
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie J. Neale
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melissa Clarkson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian R. Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Brain Health and Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Gu C, Wu Y, Fan Z, Han W. Simvastatin improves intracerebral hemorrhage through NF-κB-mediated apoptosis via the MyD88/TRIF signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:377-382. [PMID: 29375693 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanism mediated by simvastatin in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. CD-1 mice were subjected to infusion of collagenase type IV into the left striatum in order to induce intracerebral hemorrhage. Western blot analysis, the TUNEL assay and the modified neurological severity score were used in the present study to analyze the efficacy of simvastatin for intracerebral hemorrhage. The results demonstrated that simvastatin treatment improved the cerebral water content and blood-brain barrier disruption in the intracerebral hemorrhage animals. Intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuronal cell death was downregulated by simvastatin treatment compared with the vehicle-treated model group. In addition, the expression levels of aquaporin-4, matrix metallopeptidase 9 and caspase-3 were downregulated and B-cell lymphoma-2 was upregulated by simvastatin treatment compared with the vehicle-treated model. Simvastatin treatment also significantly reduced the Evans blue leakage into the injured hemispheres and improved motor function. Mechanism analysis further indicated that simvastatin treatment downregulated nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression, and upregulated the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and TIR domain-containing adaptor protein inducing interferon-β (TRIF) expression levels in neuronal cells in experimental mice. Furthermore, the results revealed that NF-κB overexpression abolished the simvastatin-downregulated MyD88 and TRIF expression levels, as well as the apoptosis of neuronal cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that simvastatin was able to attenuate brain edema and reduce cellular apoptosis by suppressing the NF-κB-mediated MyD88/TRIF signaling pathway subsequent to the induction of intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Gu
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Yunqin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyi Fan
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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25
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Hsieh TH, Kang JW, Lai JH, Huang YZ, Rotenberg A, Chen KY, Wang JY, Chan SY, Chen SC, Chiang YH, Peng CW. Correction: Relationship of mechanical impact magnitude to neurologic dysfunction severity in a rat traumatic brain injury model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182300. [PMID: 28742121 PMCID: PMC5524354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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