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Ataya J, Soqia J, Ataya J, AlMhasneh R, Batesh D, Alkhadraa D, Albokaai H, Morjan M. Sleep quality and mental health differences following Syria-Turkey earthquakes: A cross-sectional study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:700-708. [PMID: 38279595 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231223432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores the lasting mental health impact of the Syria-Turkey earthquakes in 2023 on a population affected by conflict and trauma. It analyzes pre- and post-event mental health and sleep quality differences, identifying predictors of outcomes. AIMS Studying the 2023 Syria-Turkey earthquakes' enduring mental health impact on conflict-affected individuals, this research informs better support and interventions for disaster survivors. METHODS This longitudinal, cross-sectional study examined the enduring mental health impact of the Syria-Turkey earthquakes. The present study involved N = 1,413 Syrian survivors, aged 18 years or older, who actively participated by contributing both pre- and post-earthquake data. A meticulously designed digital questionnaire with established metrics assessed sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and anxiety levels. Stratification variables (age, gender, education, marital status) were used for subgroup analysis. Arabic versions of PHQ-9, PSQI, and GAD-2 proved reliable for measuring depression, sleep quality, and anxiety. RESULTS The majority of participants were female (73.6%) with tertiary education (83.3%). Post-earthquake, a higher percentage reported poor sleep quality (67.7% vs. 59.7%, p < .001) and increased prevalence of MDE (66.1% vs. 56%, p < .001). GAD did not differ significantly. Post-earthquake, women had a higher likelihood of poor sleep quality (OR: 1.58, 95% CI [1.19, 2.10], p < .001) and MDE (OR: 1.55, 95% CI [1.18 to 2.04], p = .003). Predictors varied before and after earthquakes; age and education were significant predictors of poor sleep quality, MDE, and GAD. CONCLUSION This study reveals higher rates of poor sleep quality and major depressive episodes among earthquake-affected individuals, especially women. Age, education, and gender contribute to these outcomes. Targeted interventions and comprehensive mental health support are crucial for post-earthquake recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ataya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Jameel Soqia
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Jawdat Ataya
- Medical Education Programme, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Rama AlMhasneh
- Pulmonology Department, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Duaa Batesh
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Doaa Alkhadraa
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Hani Albokaai
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mohamad Morjan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
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Brown RL, Innes PA, Carter JD, Wood A, Love S, Kannis-Dymand L. Beliefs About Traumatic Memories, Thought Control Strategies, and the Impact on PTSD Symptoms After a Natural Disaster. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:182-189. [PMID: 36095259 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the relationships among self-reported meta-memory beliefs, thought control strategies ( i.e. , distraction, reappraisal, worry, social control, and punishment), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology, among a sample of earthquake survivors ( N = 412). Correlational analysis and structural equation modeling were used on the responses and showed that stronger positive and negative meta-memory beliefs, and greater worry and punishment, were associated with greater PTSD symptom severity. The results also indicated that meta-memory beliefs had a prominent indirect influence toward PTSD symptomology via their effects toward thought control strategies. Follow-up analysis of variance indicated that those with a history of mental health difficulties reported higher levels of PTSD symptom severity, were more likely to score in the range of clinically relevant PTSD, and had a stronger tendency to negatively appraise unwanted thinking styles. The results of this research provide overall support for the validity of the metacognitive model for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet D Carter
- Department of Psychology, Speech, and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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3
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Merghati Khoei E, Rezaei Z, Mohraz M, Brady KT, Killeen T, Korte JE, Bayat A, Yousefi H. Gender differences in post-traumatic stress disorder and depression among Iranian population with substance use disorder. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2051624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Effat Merghati Khoei
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahed Rezaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohraz
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kathleen T. Brady
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Therese Killeen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Korte
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alireza Bayat
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Yousefi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yang Y, Zeng W, Lu B, Wen J. The Contributing Factors of Delayed-Onset Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Nested Case-Control Study Conducted After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Front Public Health 2022; 9:682714. [PMID: 35004555 PMCID: PMC8739781 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.682714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Delayed-onset post-traumatic stress disorder after catastrophes is a major public health issue. However, good designs for identifying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among earthquake survivors are rare. This is the first nested case-control study to explore the possible factors associated with delayed-onset PTSD symptoms. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted. The baseline (2011) and follow-up (2018) surveys were utilized to collect data. A total of 361 survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake were investigated and 340 survivors underwent follow-up. The survivors, from the hardest-hit areas, who met the criteria for PTSD were included in the case group, and PTSD-free survivors from the same area, matched for age, were included in the control group, with a ratio of one to four. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the variables' odds ratio (OR). Results: The overall prevalence of delayed-onset PTSD symptoms in survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake was 9.7% (33/340). The unemployed earthquake survivors had a higher risk of developing delayed-onset PTSD symptoms (OR = 4.731, 95% CI = 1.408-15.901), while higher perceived social support was a protective factor against delayed-onset PTSD symptoms (OR = 0.172, 95% CI = 0.052-0.568). Conclusion: Delayed-onset PTSD symptoms, after a disaster, should not be ignored. Active social support and the provision of stable jobs can contribute to the earthquake survivors' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Yang
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqi Zeng
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingqing Lu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Ayano G, Solomon M, Tsegay L, Yohannes K, Abraha M. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Homeless People. Psychiatr Q 2020; 91:949-963. [PMID: 32415465 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-020-09746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common among homeless people and is associated with an increased risk of mortality from suicide, medical causes, and drug-related problems. However, there are no previous systematic review and meta-analysis studies that reported the consolidated magnitude of PTSD among homeless people. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus to discover pertinent studies that determined the prevalence of PTSD among the homeless. Articles were evaluated by titles, abstracts, and full-text. Comprehensive meta-analysis software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed and Cochran's Q- and the I2 test were used to assess heterogeneity. The evidence of publication bias was evaluated by using Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. From the total, 19 studies with 20,364 participants across seven countries were included in the final analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of PTSD among homeless people was 27.38% (95% CI; 21.95-33.57). In our subgroup analysis, we found that the prevalence of PTSD was considerably high as measured by the screening instrument (35.93%) than the diagnostic instrument (23.57% %). The prevalence of PTSD among homeless showed a significant variation by the location of the studies, the instruments used to measure PTSD as well as the quality of the included studies. This review showed that the pooled prevalence estimate of PTSD among homeless peoples was remarkably high (27.38%). Early screening and treatment of PTSD among homeless peoples are warranted to alleviate suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- School of public health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Melat Solomon
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Light Tsegay
- Department of Psychiatry, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mebratu Abraha
- Department of Psychiatry, Paulo's millennium medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Navarro-Mateu F, Escámez T, Quesada MP, Alcaráz MJ, Vilagut G, Salmerón D, Huerta JM, Chirlaque MD, Navarro C, Kessler RC, Alonso J, Martínez S. Modification of the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms after Lorca's earthquakes (Murcia, Spain). Psychiatry Res 2019; 282:112640. [PMID: 31727442 PMCID: PMC7436333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Information of the modulation effect of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after earthquakes is scarce and contradictory. A cross-sectional face-to-face interview survey of a representative sample of the adults was carried out after the Lorca (Spain) earthquakes (May 11, 2011). Socio-demographic variables, DSM-IV diagnostic assessment and earthquake-related stressors were obtained from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The triallelic and biallelic classification of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism were genotyped from buccal swabs. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to predict PTSD, including interaction terms to explore gene-environment (G x E) interactions. The vast majority (83%, n = 341) of the Lorca survey respondents (n = 412, 71% response rate) were genotyped. Both classifications of the 5-HTTLPR genotype were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Prior lifetime PTSD was the only variable that remained a significant predictor after adjustments. There were no significant main effects of earthquake related stressors or 5-HTTLPR. However, G x E interactions of 5-HTTLPR with high emotional impact and prior lifetime anxiety disorders were statistically significant. These results provide new evidence of the modulation effect of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms on PTSD risk. This information might characterize people at higher risk of developing PTSD after an earthquake exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental (UDIF-SM). Servicio Murciano de Salud. Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia. Murcia, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.
| | - Teresa Escámez
- IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,BIOBANC-MUR. IMIB Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,Spanish Biobaks Platform, ISCIII. Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mª José Alcaráz
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias (FFIS) de la Región de Murcia. Murcia, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IM-Institut Hospital del Mar dÍnvestigacions Médiques. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Salmerón
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias. Universidad de Murcia. Murcia, Spain
| | - José Mª Huerta
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias. Universidad de Murcia. Murcia, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias. Universidad de Murcia. Murcia, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy. Harvard Medical School. Boston, USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IM-Institut Hospital del Mar dÍnvestigacions Médiques. Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Salud y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC. Alicante, Spain.,CIBER in Mental Health (CIBERSAM). Madrid, Spain
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Kobayashi D, Hayashi H, Kuga H, Kuriyama N, Terasawa Y, Osugi Y, Takahashi O, Deshpande G, Kawachi I. Alcohol consumption behaviours in the immediate aftermath of earthquakes: time series study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026268. [PMID: 30850415 PMCID: PMC6429926 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Earthquakes are a distressing natural phenomenon that can disrupt normal health-related behaviours. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption behaviours in the immediate aftermath of mild to moderate earthquakes. SETTING This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large academic hospital in Tokyo, Japan from April 2004 to March 2017. PARTICIPANTS We included all adult patients presenting with acute alcohol intoxication in the emergency room. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Our outcome was the number of such patients per 24 hours period comparing days with and without earthquake activity. We mainly focused on mild to moderate earthquakes (Shindo scale of less than 3). We conducted a simple generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) analysis, followed by a multivariate GARCH, including year-fixed effects and secular changes in alcohol taxation. Subanalyses were conducted by gender and age group. RESULTS During the study period, 706 earthquakes were observed with a median Shindo scale of 2 (IQR: 1). During this period, 6395 patients were admitted with acute ethanol intoxication; the mean age was 42.6 (SD: 16.9) years and 4592 (71.8%) patients were male. In univariate analyses, the occurrence of daytime earthquakes was marginally inversely related to the number of acutely intoxicated patients (β coefficient: -0.19, 95% CI -0.40 to 0.01). This finding remained similar in multivariate analyses after adjustment for covariates. In analyses stratified by gender, the inverse association between daytime earthquakes and alcohol intoxication was only observed among men (p<0.03 for males and p=0.99 for females). In subanalyses by age, older people were less likely to be admitted to the hospital due to acute alcohol intoxication on days with daytime earthquakes (p=0.11), but this was not the case for younger people (p=0.36). CONCLUSION On days when a mild to moderate daytime earthquake occurred, the number of patients with acute alcohol intoxication was lower compared with days without earthquakes. Even milder forms of potentially catastrophic events appear to influence social behaviour; mild to moderate earthquake activity is associated with the avoidance of excessive alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hana Hayashi
- McCann Health, McCann Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Kuga
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Osugi
- General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | | | | | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Du N, Zhou P, SiTu MJ, Zhu CZ, Huang Y. Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms of adolescents survived from a seriously-hit area in China: A 3-year follow-up study. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:288-295. [PMID: 30677716 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence of probable PTSD and depression after earthquake and to find the risk factors. Adolescents having experienced an earthquake were recruited (n = 330) and assessed within 1 month of the trauma. Follow-up surveys were conducted 12 months, 24 months and 36 months later, respectively. Symptoms were assessed by the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale and the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children. Results indicate that the prevalence of probable PTSD in different stages was 42.2%, 20.1%, 30.3% and 11.2%. The corresponding rate of depression was 32.3%, 20.7%, 31.0% and 30.3%. The sub-symptoms of PTSD, intrusion and arousal, tended to decrease at the 1st year, followed by a rebound at the 2nd year, then dropping again at the 3rd year. The avoidance showed a consistent diminishing. The PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with gender and the degree of earthquake exposure. However, the gender, family relationship and despair played crucial roles in the development of depressive symptoms. Despite of the tendency of timing abatement, the prevalence of probable PTSD and depression might show rebound at the second year, which remind us a vital threshold for psychological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Du
- Department of Psychiatry, the fourth people's hospital of ChengDu, ChengDu city, SiChuan 610000, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ming-Jing SiTu
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cui-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, the second people's hospital, Wannan Medical College, WuHu city, AnHui 241000, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Nola IA. Earthquakes and their environmental, medical and public health impacts. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2018. [DOI: 10.21149/9212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ladois-Do Pilar Rei A, Chraïbi S. [Patients assaulted in psychiatric institutions: Literature review and clinical implications]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2017; 66:53-62. [PMID: 29223515 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychiatric ward is a place where all forms of violence are treated. Occasionally, this violence involves acts of aggression between patients in emergency psychiatric units or hospital wards. Such events can lead to the development or worsening of posttraumatic stress disorder. METHODS To establish the context, we first examined the epidemiology data concerning posttraumatic stress disorder in psychiatric patients who were frequently exposed to assaults. Secondly, we examined the issue of sexual and physical assaults between patients receiving treatment in a psychiatric ward. In this context, we studied possible occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder associated with exposure to assaults of this kind. RESULTS In certain cases, potentially traumatic exposure to violence was unknown to the medical staff or not taken into consideration. This would induce a risk of later development of posttraumatic stress disorder that would not be treated during the stay in psychiatry. CONCLUSION To date, few scientific studies have focused on the proportion of patients assaulted by other patients during treatment in a psychiatric ward and the subsequent development of peritraumatic reactions and/or posttraumatic stress disorder associated with these assaults. We know that an insufficient number of public and private health institutions report the existence of such facts to the competent authorities. Also, a minority of clinicians and caregivers are trained in screening and management of trauma victims. Yet, these issues are particularly relevant in the scope of public health and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ladois-Do Pilar Rei
- Centre hospitalier de Lannemezan, CMP Théophile-Gautier, 1, rue Théophile-Gautier, 65000 Tarbes, France.
| | - S Chraïbi
- Laboratoire cliniques pathologique et interculturelle (LCPI), université Toulouse Jean-Jaurès, 5, allées Antonio-Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France
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