1
|
Hui Y, Leng J, Jin D, Wang G, Liu K, Bu Y, Wang Q. BRG1 promotes liver cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by enhancing mitochondrial function and ATP5A1 synthesis through TOMM40. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2375440. [PMID: 38978225 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2375440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors worldwide. Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), as a catalytic ATPase, is a major regulator of gene expression and is known to mutate and overexpress in HCC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of BRG1 in HCC cells. In our study, BRG1 was silenced or overexpressed in human HCC cell lines. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to analyze cell invasiveness and migration. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) detection were used to evaluate mitochondrial function in HCC cells. Colony formation and cell apoptosis assays were used to evaluate the effect of BRG1/TOMM40/ATP5A1 on HCC cell proliferation and apoptosis/death. Immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunofluorescence (IF) staining and western blot analysis were used to determine the effect of BRG1 on TOMM40, ATP5A1 pathway in HCC cells. As a result, knockdown of BRG1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, promoted apoptosis in HCC cells, whereas BRG1 overexpression reversed the above effects. Overexpression of BRG1 can up-regulate MMP level, inhibit mPTP opening and activate TOMM40, ATP5A1 expression. Our results suggest that BRG1, as an oncogene, promotes HCC progression by regulating TOMM40 affecting mitochondrial function and ATP5A1 synthesis. Targeting BRG1 may represent a new and effective way to prevent HCC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Hui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningxia Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Junzhi Leng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningxia Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Dong Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningxia Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Genwang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningxia Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Kejun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningxia Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yang Bu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningxia Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang B, Kaufmann B, Mogler C, Zhong S, Yin Y, Cheng Z, Schmid RM, Friess H, Hüser N, von Figura G, Hartmann D. Hepatocellular Brg1 promotes CCl4-induced liver inflammation, ECM accumulation and fibrosis in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294257. [PMID: 38033027 PMCID: PMC10688683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic fibrosis is a progressive pathological process involving the exhaustion of hepatocellular regenerative capacity and ultimately leading to the development of cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Brg1, the core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, was recently identified as important for liver regeneration. This study investigates the role of Brg1 in hepatic fibrosis development. METHODS Hepatocyte-specific Brg1 knockout mice were generated and injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. Afterwards, liver fibrosis and liver damage were assessed. RESULTS Brg1 expression was significantly increased in the fibrotic liver tissue of wild-type mice, as compared to that of untreated wild-type mice. The livers of the Brg1 knockout animals showed reduced liver inflammation, extracellular matrix accumulation, and liver fibrosis. TNF-α and NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response was reduced in Brg1 knockout animals. CONCLUSION Brg1 promotes the progression of liver fibrosis in mice and may therefore be used as a potential therapeutic target for treating patients with liver fibrosis due to chronic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benedikt Kaufmann
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Suyang Zhong
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuhan Yin
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido von Figura
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
MiR-199a-5p-Regulated SMARCA4 Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054756. [PMID: 36902184 PMCID: PMC10003091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4, also known as BRG1), an ATPase subunit of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, plays an important regulatory role in many cytogenetic and cytological processes during cancer development. However, the biological function and mechanism of SMARCA4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of SMARCA4 in OSCC and its potential mechanism. Using a tissue microarray, SMARCA4 expression was found to be highly upregulated in OSCC tissues. In addition, SMARCA4 upregulate expression led to increased migration and invasion of OSCC cells in vitro, as well as tumor growth and invasion in vivo. These events were associated with the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that SMARCA4 is a target gene of microRNA miR-199a-5p. Further mechanistic studies showed that the miR-199a-5p regulated SMARCA4 can promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells through EMT. These findings indicate that the miR-199a-5p- SMARCA4 axis plays a role in tumorigenesis by promoting OSCC cell invasion and metastasis through EMT regulation. Our findings provide insights into the role of SMARCA4 in OSCC and the mechanism involved, which may have important implications for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Smith JJ, Xiao Y, Parsan N, Medwig-Kinney TN, Martinez MAQ, Moore FEQ, Palmisano NJ, Kohrman AQ, Chandhok Delos Reyes M, Adikes RC, Liu S, Bracht SA, Zhang W, Wen K, Kratsios P, Matus DQ. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling assemblies BAF and PBAF differentially regulate cell cycle exit and cellular invasion in vivo. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009981. [PMID: 34982771 PMCID: PMC8759636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers such as the SWI/SNF complex coordinate metazoan development through broad regulation of chromatin accessibility and transcription, ensuring normal cell cycle control and cellular differentiation in a lineage-specific and temporally restricted manner. Mutations in genes encoding the structural subunits of chromatin, such as histone subunits, and chromatin regulating factors are associated with a variety of disease mechanisms including cancer metastasis, in which cancer co-opts cellular invasion programs functioning in healthy cells during development. Here we utilize Caenorhabditis elegans anchor cell (AC) invasion as an in vivo model to identify the suite of chromatin agents and chromatin regulating factors that promote cellular invasiveness. We demonstrate that the SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex is a critical regulator of AC invasion, with pleiotropic effects on both G0 cell cycle arrest and activation of invasive machinery. Using targeted protein degradation and enhanced RNA interference (RNAi) vectors, we show that SWI/SNF contributes to AC invasion in a dose-dependent fashion, with lower levels of activity in the AC corresponding to aberrant cell cycle entry and increased loss of invasion. Our data specifically implicate the SWI/SNF BAF assembly in the regulation of the G0 cell cycle arrest in the AC, whereas the SWI/SNF PBAF assembly promotes AC invasion via cell cycle-independent mechanisms, including attachment to the basement membrane (BM) and activation of the pro-invasive fos-1/FOS gene. Together these findings demonstrate that the SWI/SNF complex is necessary for two essential components of AC invasion: arresting cell cycle progression and remodeling the BM. The work here provides valuable single-cell mechanistic insight into how the SWI/SNF assemblies differentially contribute to cellular invasion and how SWI/SNF subunit-specific disruptions may contribute to tumorigeneses and cancer metastasis. Cellular invasion is required for animal development and homeostasis. Inappropriate activation of invasion however can result in cancer metastasis. Invasion programs are orchestrated by complex gene regulatory networks (GRN) that function in a coordinated fashion to turn on and off pro-invasive genes. While the core of GRNs are DNA binding transcription factors, they require aid from chromatin remodelers to access the genome. To identify the suite of pro-invasive chromatin remodelers, we paired high resolution imaging with RNA interference to individually knockdown 269 chromatin factors, identifying the evolutionarily conserved SWItching defective/Sucrose Non-Fermenting (SWI/SNF) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex as a new regulator of Caenorhabditis elegans anchor cell (AC) invasion. Using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering and targeted protein degradation we demonstrate that the core SWI/SNF complex functions in a dose-dependent manner to control invasion. Further, we determine that the accessory SWI/SNF complexes, BAF and PBAF, contribute to invasion via distinctive mechanisms: BAF is required to prevent inappropriate proliferation while PBAF promotes AC attachment and remodeling of the basement membrane. Together, our data provide insights into how the SWI/SNF complex, which is mutated in many human cancers, can function in a dose-dependent fashion to regulate switching from invasive to proliferative fates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayson J. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Yutong Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Nithin Parsan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Taylor N. Medwig-Kinney
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Q. Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Frances E. Q. Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Palmisano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Abraham Q. Kohrman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mana Chandhok Delos Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C. Adikes
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Biology Department, Siena College, Loudonville, New York, United States of America
| | - Simeiyun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Sydney A. Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Kailong Wen
- The Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology, and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paschalis Kratsios
- The Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology, and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David Q. Matus
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai X, Zhou J, Deng J, Chen Z. Prognostic biomarker SMARCC1 and its association with immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:701. [PMID: 34937564 PMCID: PMC8697473 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic alterations contribute greatly to metastasis and dissemination in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SMARCC1, as a SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling factor, has been reported to play important roles in many cancers. For the first time, with the bioinformatics analysis and wet-bench experiments, we explored the biological significance of SMARCC1 and its potential as putative therapeutic target in HCC. Methods The mRNA expression profiles and prognostic value of SMARCC1 were analyzed in the Oncomine, UALCAN and Kaplan–Meier Plotter databases. The expression of SMARCC1 and associated clinicopathological factors were further evaluated using a tissue microarray. Differentially expressed genes associated with SMARCC1 in HCC were obtained and analyzed via the LinkedOmics and GEPIA databases and Cytoscape software. To verify the important role of SMARCC1 in HCC, we knocked down and overexpressed SMARCC1 in different hepatic cell lines and conducted several functional experiments. Then, we evaluated the mutation profiles and transcriptional regulators of SMARCC1 using the cBioPortal, COSMIC, CistromeDB and TCGA databases. Finally, we addressed the relationship of SMARCC1 expression with immune cell infiltration via TIMER database analysis. Results Through data mining and tissue microarray verification, we found that the protein and mRNA levels of SMARCC1 are high in tumor tissues, which has remarkable diagnostic value in HCC patients. SMARCC1 and its hub genes showed prognostic value in HCC. Furthermore, we confirmed that SMARCC1 influenced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Moreover, correlation analyses revealed that SMARCC1 expression was positively correlated with ZBTB40 transcription factors and negatively correlated with the DNA methylation level. Overall, we found that SMARCC1 affects immune infiltration and plays a tumor-promoting role in HCC. Conclusions SMARCC1 is overexpressed and is a putative prognostic predictor in HCC. Due to the tumor-promoting role of SMARCC1, treatments inhibiting DNA methyltransferases and transcription factors or weakening the role of SMARCC1 in immune infiltration might improve the survival of HCC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02413-w.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi DM, Shi XL, Xing KL, Zhou HX, Lu LL, Wu WZ. miR-296-5p suppresses stem cell potency of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via regulating Brg1/Sall4 axis. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109650. [PMID: 32320856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a pivotal event during cancer progression such as relapse and metastasis, is positively correlated with the stemness potency of tumor cells. Our previous study showed that miR-296-5p attenuated EMT program of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) through NRG1/ERBB2/ERBB3 signaling. In the present study, we uncovered that miR-296-5p was able to inhibit the stemness potency of HCC by decreasing the number and size of tumorspheres, downregulating the expression of CSC biomarkers and hampering the ability of tumorigenesis in NOD/SCID mice. Brahma-related gene-1 (Brg1), as the target protein of miR-296-5p detected by bioinformatics methods, activates a series of downstream cascades through directly binding to Sall4 promoter and enhancing Sall4 transcription. Importantly, the higher expressions of Brg1 and Sall4 in tumor tissues of HCC patients suggest poorer prognoses after surgical extraction. In conclusion, miR-296-5p exerts an inhibitory effect on stemness potency of HCC cells via Brg1/Sall4 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Shi
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kai-Lin Xing
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Li-Li Lu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The SWI/SNF complex in cancer - biology, biomarkers and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:435-448. [PMID: 32303701 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer genome-sequencing studies have revealed a remarkably high prevalence of mutations in genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complexes, with nearly 25% of all cancers harbouring aberrations in one or more of these genes. A role for such aberrations in tumorigenesis is evidenced by cancer predisposition in both carriers of germline loss-of-function mutations and genetically engineered mouse models with inactivation of any of several SWI/SNF subunits. Whereas many of the most frequently mutated oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes have been studied for several decades, the cancer-promoting role of mutations in SWI/SNF genes has been recognized only more recently, and thus comparatively less is known about these alterations. Consequently, increasing research interest is being focused on understanding the prognostic and, in particular, the potential therapeutic implications of mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF subunits. Herein, we review the burgeoning data on the mechanisms by which mutations affecting SWI/SNF complexes promote cancer and describe promising emerging opportunities for targeted therapy, including immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, presented by these mutations. We also highlight ongoing clinical trials open specifically to patients with cancers harbouring mutations in certain SWI/SNF genes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu B, Lin JZ, Yang XB, Sang XT. The roles of mutated SWI/SNF complexes in the initiation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its regulatory effect on the immune system: A review. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12791. [PMID: 32162380 PMCID: PMC7162795 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy with a high global prevalence and a dismal prognosis. Studies are urgently needed to examine the molecular pathogenesis and biological characteristics of HCC. Chromatin remodelling, an integral component of the DNA damage response, protects against DNA damage‐induced genome instability and tumorigenesis by triggering the signalling events that activate the interconnected DNA repair pathways. The SWI/SNF complexes are one of the most extensively investigated adenosine triphosphate‐dependent chromatin remodelling complexes, and mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF subunits are frequently observed in various human cancers, including HCC. The mutated SWI/SNF complex subunits exert dual functions by accelerating or inhibiting HCC initiation and progression. Furthermore, the abnormal SWI/SNF complexes influence the transcription of interferon‐stimulated genes, as well as the differentiation, activation and recruitment of several immune cell types. In addition, they exhibit synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of diverse tumour types. Therefore, understanding the mutations and deficiencies of the SMI/SNF complexes, together with the associated functional mechanisms, may provide a novel strategy to treat HCC through targeting the related genes or modulating the tumour microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang P, Song X, Cao D, Cui K, Wang J, Utpatel K, Shang R, Wang H, Che L, Evert M, Zhao K, Calvisi DF, Chen X. Oncogene-dependent function of BRG1 in hepatocarcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:91. [PMID: 32019910 PMCID: PMC7000409 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major type of primary liver cancer. Genomic studies have revealed that HCC is a heterogeneous disease with multiple subtypes. BRG1, encoded by the SMARCA4 gene, is a key component of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes. Based on TCGA studies, somatic mutations of SMARCA4 occur in ~3% of human HCC samples. Additional studies suggest that BRG1 is overexpressed in human HCC specimens and may promote HCC growth and invasion. However, the precise functional roles of BRG1 in HCC remain poorly delineated. Here, we analyzed BRG1 in human HCC samples as well as in mouse models. We found that BRG1 is overexpressed in most of human HCC samples, especially in those associated with poorer prognosis. BRG1 expression levels positively correlate with cell cycle and negatively with metabolic pathways in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) human HCC data set. In a murine HCC model induced by c-MYC overexpression, ablation of the Brg1 gene completely repressed HCC formation. In striking contrast, however, we discovered that concomitant deletion of Brg1 and overexpression of c-Met or mutant NRas (NRASV12) triggered HCC formation in mice. Altogether, the present data indicate that BRG1 possesses both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing roles depending on the oncogenic stimuli during hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kairong Cui
- Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Runze Shang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Keji Zhao
- Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. .,Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Allen MD, Bycroft M, Zinzalla G. Structure of the BRK domain of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex subunit BRG1 reveals a potential role in protein-protein interactions. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1047-1053. [PMID: 31909846 PMCID: PMC7096718 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BRG1/SMARCA4 and its paralog BRM/SMARCA2 are the ATPase subunits of human SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes. These multisubunit assemblies can act as either tumor suppressors or drivers of cancer, and inhibiting both BRG1 and BRM, is emerging as an effective therapeutic strategy in diverse cancers. BRG1 and BRM contain a BRK domain. The function of this domain is unknown, but it is often found in proteins involved in transcription and developmental signaling in higher eukaryotes, in particular in proteins that remodel chromatin. We report the NMR structure of the BRG1 BRK domain. It shows similarity to the glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine (GYF) domain, an established protein-protein interaction module. Computational peptide-binding-site analysis of the BRK domain identifies a binding site that coincides with a highly conserved groove on the surface of the protein. This sets the scene for experiments to elucidate the role of this domain, and evaluate the potential of targeting it for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Allen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Bycroft
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovanna Zinzalla
- Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC) Department, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muthuswami R, Bailey L, Rakesh R, Imbalzano AN, Nickerson JA, Hockensmith JW. BRG1 is a prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15194-15205. [PMID: 30667054 PMCID: PMC6563042 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) is one of two mutually exclusive ATPases that function as the catalytic subunit of human SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling enzymes. BRG1 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in some cancer types but has been shown to be expressed at elevated levels, relative to normal tissue, in other cancers. Using TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) prostate cancer database, we determined that BRG1 mRNA and protein expression is elevated in prostate tumors relative to normal prostate tissue. Only 3 of 491 (0.6%) sequenced tumors showed amplification of the locus or mutation in the protein coding sequence, arguing against the idea that elevated expression due to amplification or expression of a mutant BRG1 protein is associated with prostate cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that BRG1 expression in prostate tumors inversely correlated with survival. However, BRG1 expression did not correlate with Gleason score/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group, indicating it is an independent predictor of tumor progression/patient outcome. To experimentally assess BRG1 as a possible therapeutic target, we treated prostate cancer cells with a biologic inhibitor called ADAADi (active DNA-dependent ATPase A Domain inhibitor) that targets the activity of the SNF2 family of ATPases in biochemical assays but showed specificity for BRG1 in prior tissue culture experiments. The inhibitor decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. When directly injected into xenografts established by injection of prostate cancer cells in mouse flanks, the inhibitor decreased tumor growth and increased survival. These results indicate the efficacy of pursuing BRG1 as both an indicator of patient outcome and as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Muthuswami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginia,School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - LeeAnn Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | | | - Anthony N. Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A. Nickerson
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusetts
| | - Joel W. Hockensmith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Novel Interactions between the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Antisense Protein HBZ and the SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Family: Implications for Viral Life Cycle. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00412-19. [PMID: 31142665 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00412-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) regulatory proteins Tax and HBZ play indispensable roles in regulating viral and cellular gene expression. BRG1, the ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has been demonstrated to be essential not only for Tax transactivation but also for viral replication. We sought to investigate the physical interaction between HBZ and BRG1 and to determine the effect of these interactions on Tax-mediated long terminal repeat (LTR) activation. We reveal that HTLV-1 cell lines and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells harbor high levels of BRG1. Using glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we have demonstrated physical interactions between BRG1 and HBZ and characterized the protein domains involved. Moreover, we have identified the PBAF signature subunits BAF200 and BAF180 as novel interaction partners of HBZ, suggesting that the PBAF complex may be required for HTLV-1 transcriptional repression by HBZ. Additionally, we found that BRG1 expression translocates HBZ into distinct nuclear foci. We show that HBZ substantially represses HTLV-1 LTR activation by Tax/BRG1. Interestingly, we found that Tax stabilizes the expression of exogenous and endogenous BRG1 and that HBZ reverses this effect. Finally, using a chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) assay, we illustrate that HBZ facilitates the downregulation of HTLV-1 transcription by deregulating the recruitment of SWI/SNF complexes to the promoter. Overall, we conclude that SWI/SNF complexes, in addition to other cellular transcription factors, are involved in HBZ-mediated suppression of HTLV-1 viral gene expression.IMPORTANCE The pathogenic potential of HTLV-1 is linked to the indispensable multifaceted functions of the viral regulatory proteins Tax and HBZ, encoded by the sense and antisense viral transcripts, respectively. The interaction between Tax and the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodeling complexes has been associated with HTLV-1 transcriptional activation. To date, the relationship between the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling family and HBZ, the only viral protein that is consistently expressed in infected cells and ATL cells, has not been elucidated. Here, we have characterized the biological significance of the SWI/SNF family in regard to viral transcriptional repression by HBZ. This is important because it provides a better understanding of the function and role of HBZ in downregulating viral transcription and, hence, its contribution to viral latency and persistence in vivo, a process that may ultimately lead to the development of ATL.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang B, Kaufmann B, Engleitner T, Lu M, Mogler C, Olsavszky V, Öllinger R, Zhong S, Geraud C, Cheng Z, Rad RR, Schmid RM, Friess H, Hüser N, Hartmann D, von Figura G. Brg1 promotes liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy via regulation of cell cycle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2320. [PMID: 30787318 PMCID: PMC6382836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1), a catalytic subunit of the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, is known to be involved in proliferative cell processes. Liver regeneration is initiated spontaneously after injury and leads to a strong proliferative response. In this study, a hepatocyte-specific Brg1 gene knockout mouse model was used to analyse the role of Brg1 in liver regeneration by performing a 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). After PH, Brg1 was significantly upregulated in wildtype mice. Mice with hepatocyte-specific Brg1 gene knockout showed a significantly lower liver to body weight ratio 48 h post-PH concomitant with a lower hepatocellular proliferation rate compared to wildtype mice. RNA sequencing demonstrated that Brg1 controlled hepatocyte proliferation through the regulation of the p53 pathway and several cell cycle genes. The data of this study reveal a crucial role of Brg1 for liver regeneration by promoting hepatocellular proliferation through modulation of cell cycle genes and, thus, identify Brg1 as potential target for therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Benedikt Kaufmann
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine II and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Miao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Victor Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, 68135, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine II and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Suyang Zhong
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Cyrill Geraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, 68135, Germany
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Roland R Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine II and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.
| | - Guido von Figura
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li F, Liang J, Tang D. Brahma-related gene 1 ameliorates the neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1216-1224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
15
|
Li N, Kong M, Zeng S, Xu Z, Li M, Hong W, Chu X, Sun X, Zhu M, Xu Y. The chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 regulates APAP-induced liver injury by modulating CYP3A11 transcription in hepatocyte. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3487-3495. [PMID: 30293568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose represents the most frequent cause of acute liver failure. The underlying epigenetic mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study we investigated the mechanism whereby the chromatin remodeling protein brahma related gene 1 (Brg1) regulates APAP induced liver injury in mice. We report that hepatocyte-specific deletion of Brg1 attenuated APAP induced liver injury in mice as evidenced by reduced plasma ALT and AST levels, decreased liver necrosis, amelioration of GSH depletion, and prolonged survival. Brg1 regulated APAP-induced liver injury likely by stimulating the transcription of Cyp3a11, a key cytochrome enzyme involved in APAP metabolism. Immunoprecipitation coupled with DNA affinity microarray identified hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) as a novel binding partner for Brg1. HNF4 recruited Brg1 to the Cyp3a11 promoter and formed a complex with Brg1 to trans-activate Cyp3a11. In contrast, BRG1 deficiency attenuated HNF4 binding to the Cyp3a11 promoter and dampened Cyp3a11 transcription. Therefore, our data suggest that Brg1 might play an essential role mediating APAP induced liver injury in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxuan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehui Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xitai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li N, Kong M, Zeng S, Hao C, Li M, Li L, Xu Z, Zhu M, Xu Y. Brahma related gene 1 (Brg1) contributes to liver regeneration by epigenetically activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mice. FASEB J 2018; 33:327-338. [PMID: 30001167 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800197r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a complicated pathophysiologic process that is regulated by a myriad of signaling pathways and transcription factors. The interaction among these pathways and factors, either cooperatively or antagonistically, may ultimately lead to recovery and restoration of liver function or permanent loss of liver function and liver failure. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism whereby the chromatin remodeling protein brahma related gene 1 (Brg1) regulates liver regeneration in mice. The Smarca4-Flox strain of mice was crossbred with the Alb-Cre strain to generate hepatocyte-specific Brg1 knockout mice. Liver injury was induced by partial hepatectomy (PHx). We report that Brg1 deletion in hepatocyte compromised liver regeneration and dampened survival after PHx in mice. Brg1 interacted with β-catenin to potentiate Wnt signaling and promote hepatocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, Brg1 recruited lysine demethylase 4 (KDM4) to activate β-catenin target genes. Our data suggest that Brg1 might play an essential role maintaining hepatic homeostasis and contributing to liver repair.-Li, N., Kong, M., Zeng, S., Hao, C., Li, M., Li, L., Xu, Z., Zhu, M., Xu, Y. Brahma related gene 1 (Brg1) contributes to liver regeneration by epigenetically activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenzhi Hao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guerrero-Martínez JA, Reyes JC. High expression of SMARCA4 or SMARCA2 is frequently associated with an opposite prognosis in cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2043. [PMID: 29391527 PMCID: PMC5794756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding the ATPase of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complexes SMARCA4 (BRG1) is often mutated or silenced in tumors, suggesting a role as tumor suppressor. Nonetheless, recent reports show requirement of SMARCA4 for tumor cells growth. Here, we performed a computational meta-analysis using gene expression, prognosis, and clinicopathological data to clarify the role of SMARCA4 and the alternative SWI/SNF ATPase SMARCA2 (BRM) in cancer. We show that while the SMARCA4 gene is mostly overexpressed in tumors, SMARCA2 is almost invariably downexpressed in tumors. High SMARCA4 expression was associated with poor prognosis in many types of tumors, including liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). In contrast, high SMARCA2 expression was associated with good prognosis. We compared tumors with high versus low expression of SMARCA4 or SMARCA2 in LIHC and KIRC cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas. While a high expression of SMARCA4 is associated with aggressive tumors, a high expression of SMARCA2 is associated with benign differentiated tumors, suggesting that SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 play opposite roles in cancer. Our results demonstrate that expression of SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 have a high prognostic value and challenge the broadly accepted general role of SMARCA4 as a tumor suppressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Guerrero-Martínez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide (CSIC-USE-UPO). Av. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose C Reyes
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide (CSIC-USE-UPO). Av. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|