1
|
Grant ML, Bond AL, Reichman SM, Lavers JL. Seabird transported contaminants are dispersed in island ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142483. [PMID: 38825246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Seabirds are long-range transporters of nutrients and contaminants, linking marine feeding areas with terrestrial breeding and roosting sites. By depositing nutrient-rich guano, which acts as a fertiliser, seabirds can substantially influence the terrestrial environment in which they reside. However, increasing pollution of the marine environment has resulted in guano becoming similarly polluted. Here, we determined metal and metalloid concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb) in Flesh-footed Shearwater (Ardenna carneipes) guano, soil, terrestrial flora, and primary consumers and used an ecological approach to assess whether the trace elements in guano were bioaccumulating and contaminating the surrounding environment. Concentrations in guano were higher than those of other Procellariiformes documented in the literature, which may be influenced by the high amounts of plastics that this species of shearwater ingests. Soil samples from shearwater colonies had significantly higher concentrations of all metals, except for Pb, than soils from control sites and formerly occupied areas. Concentrations in terrestrial primary producers and primary consumers were not as marked, and for many contaminants there was no significant difference observed across levels of ornithogenic input. We conclude that Flesh-footed Shearwaters are transporters of marine derived contaminants to the Lord Howe Island terrestrial environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Grant
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, School Road, Newnham, Tasmania, 7248, Australia.
| | - Alexander L Bond
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, School Road, Newnham, Tasmania, 7248, Australia; Bird Group, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Suzie M Reichman
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Lavers
- Bird Group, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 6AP, United Kingdom; Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang F, Li Q, Yin X. Metagenomic analysis of the effects of salinity on microbial community and functional gene diversity in glacial meltwater estuary, Ny-Alesund, Arctic. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1587-1599. [PMID: 38647870 PMCID: PMC11153410 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the inflow of meltwater from the Midre Lovénbreen glacier upstream of Kongsfjorden, the nutrient concentration of Kongsfjorden change from the estuary to the interior of the fjord. Our objective was to explore the changes in bacterial community structure and metabolism-related genes from the estuary to fjord by metagenomic analysis. Our data indicate that glacial meltwater input has altered the physicochemical properties of the fjords, with a significant effect, in particular, on fjords salinity, thus altering the relative abundance of some specific bacterial groups. In addition, we suggest that the salinity of a fjord is an important factor affecting the abundance of genes associated with the nitrogen and sulfur cycles in the fjord. Changes in salinity may affect the relative abundance of microbial populations that carry metabolic genes, thus affecting the relative abundance of genes associated with the nitrogen and sulfur cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Management College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Business College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinxin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prekrasna-Kviatkovska Y, Parnikoza I, Yerkhova A, Stelmakh O, Pavlovska M, Dzyndra M, Yarovyi O, Dykyi E. From acidophilic to ornithogenic: microbial community dynamics in moss banks altered by gentoo penguins. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1362975. [PMID: 38525081 PMCID: PMC10959021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1362975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study explores the indirect impact of climate change driven by gentoo's penguin colonization pressure on the microbial communities of moss banks formed by Tall moss turf subformation in central maritime Antarctica. Methods Microbial communities and chemical composition of the differently affected moss banks (Unaffected, Impacted and Desolated) located on Galindez Island and Сape Tuxen on the mainland of Kyiv Peninsula were analyzed. Results The native microbiota of the moss banks' peat was analyzed for the first time, revealing a predominant presence of Acidobacteria (32.2 ± 14.4%), followed by Actinobacteria (15.1 ± 4.0%) and Alphaproteobacteria (9.7 ± 4.1%). Penguin colonization and subsequent desolation of moss banks resulted in an increase in peat pH (from 4.7 ± 0.05 to 7.2 ± 0.6) and elevated concentrations of soluble nitrogen (from 1.8 ± 0.4 to 46.9 ± 2.1 DIN, mg/kg) and soluble phosphorus compounds (from 3.6 ± 2.6 to 20.0 ± 1.8 DIP, mg/kg). The contrasting composition of peat and penguin feces led to the elimination of the initial peat microbiota, with an increase in Betaproteobacteria (from 1.3 ± 0.8% to 30.5 ± 23%) and Bacteroidota (from 5.5 ± 3.7% to 19.0 ± 3.7%) proportional to the intensity of penguins' impact, accompanied by a decrease in community diversity. Microbial taxa associated with birds' guts, such as Gottschalkia and Tissierella, emerged in Impacted and Desolated moss banks, along with bacteria likely benefiting from eutrophication. The changes in the functional capacity of the penguin-affected peat microbial communities were also detected. The nitrogen-cycling genes that regulate the conversion of urea into ammonia, nitrite oxide, and nitrate oxide (ureC, amoA, nirS, nosZ, nxrB) had elevated copy numbers in the affected peat. Desolated peat samples exhibit the highest nitrogen-cycle gene numbers, significantly differing from Unaffected peat (p < 0.05). Discussion The expansion of gentoo penguins induced by climate change led to the replacement of acidophilic microbiomes associated with moss banks, shaping a new microbial community influenced by penguin guano's chemical and microbial composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Parnikoza
- Biology and Ecology Department, State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Cell Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Natural Science, National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Yerkhova
- Biomedical Institute, Open International University of Human Development Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olesia Stelmakh
- Faculty of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Pavlovska
- Biology and Ecology Department, State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Plant Protection, Biotechnology and Ecology, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marta Dzyndra
- Biology and Ecology Department, State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Yarovyi
- Biology and Ecology Department, State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Evgen Dykyi
- Biology and Ecology Department, State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Padilha JA, Carvalho GO, Espejo W, Pessôa ARL, Cunha LST, Costa ES, Torres JPM, Lepoint G, Das K, Dorneles PR. Trace elements in migratory species arriving to Antarctica according to their migration range. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114693. [PMID: 36773589 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The levels of eighteen trace elements (TEs) were evaluated in association with stable isotopes (δ15N, δ34S, and δ13C) in feathers and eggs of five migratory species breeding on the Antarctic Peninsula to test the factors that influence their exposure to contaminants. The feathers of seabirds migrating to the Northern Hemisphere (South polar skua) have concentrations (mean ± SD, μg. g-1) of Li (1.71 ± 2.08) and Mg (1169.5 ± 366.8) one order of magnitude higher than southern migrants, such as Snowy sheathbill Li (0.01 ± 0.005) and Mg (499.6 ± 111.9). Feathers had significantly higher concentrations for 11 of a total of 18 metals measured compared to eggs. South polar skua have higher concentrations of all TEs in eggs compared to antarctic tern. Therefore, the present study showed that migration and trophic ecology (δ15N, δ13C, and δ34S) influence Fe, Mn, Cu, and Se concentrations in feathers of Antarctic seabirds. The concentrations of Cu, Mn, Rb, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr are higher than previously reported, which may be due to increased local and global human activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Padilha
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; CBMA - Centre for Molecular and Environmental Biology/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network & IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - G O Carvalho
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W Espejo
- Department of Soils and Natural Resources, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 537, Chillán, Chile
| | - A R L Pessôa
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L S T Cunha
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E S Costa
- Mestrado Profissional em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Assis Brasil, 842, Centro, São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J P M Torres
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Lepoint
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - K Das
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - P R Dorneles
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva JB, Centurion VB, Duarte AWF, Galazzi RM, Arruda MAZ, Sartoratto A, Rosa LH, Oliveira VM. Unravelling the genetic potential for hydrocarbon degradation in the sediment microbiome of Antarctic islands. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 99:6847214. [PMID: 36427064 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrocarbons may have a natural or anthropogenic origin and serve as a source of carbon and energy for microorganisms in Antarctic soils. Herein, 16S rRNA gene and shotgun sequencing were employed to characterize taxonomic diversity and genetic potential for hydrocarbon degradation of the microbiome from sediments of sites located in two Antarctic islands subjected to different temperatures, geochemical compositions, and levels of presumed anthropogenic impact, named: Crater Lake/Deception Island (pristine area), Whalers Bay and Fumarole Bay/Deception Island (anthropogenic-impacted area), and Hannah Point/Livingston Island (anthropogenic-impacted area). Hydrocarbon concentrations were measured for further correlation analyses with biological data. The majority of the hydrocarbon-degrading genes were affiliated to the most abundant bacterial groups of the microbiome: Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. KEGG annotation revealed 125 catabolic genes related to aromatic hydrocarbon (styrene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, naphthalene, and polycyclic hydrocarbons) and aliphatic (alkanes and cycloalkanes) pathways. Only aliphatic hydrocarbons, in low concentrations, were detected in all areas, thus not characterizing the areas under study as anthropogenically impacted or nonimpacted. The high richness and abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading genes suggest that the genetic potential of the microbiome from Antarctic sediments for hydrocarbon degradation is driven by natural hydrocarbon occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica B Silva
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), UNICAMP, Division of Microbial Resources, Zip code 13148-218, Paulínia, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Zip code 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor B Centurion
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), UNICAMP, Division of Microbial Resources, Zip code 13148-218, Paulínia, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Zip code 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alysson W F Duarte
- Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca (UFAL), Zip code 57309-005, Araparica, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Galazzi
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry (UNICAMP), Zip code 13083-970, Campinas São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Institute of Chemistry (UNICAMP), Zip code 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A Z Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry (UNICAMP), Zip code 13083-970, Campinas São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Institute of Chemistry (UNICAMP), Zip code 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adilson Sartoratto
- Organic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Division, Pluridisciplinary Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), UNICAMP, Zip code 13081-970, Paulínia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Zip code 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valéria M Oliveira
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), UNICAMP, Division of Microbial Resources, Zip code 13148-218, Paulínia, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Zhang B, Ahmed I, Zhang H, He Y. Profiles and natural drivers of antibiotic resistome in multiple environmental media in penguin-colonized area in Antarctica. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
7
|
Souza-Kasprzyk J, Paiva TDC, Convey P, da Cunha LST, Soares TA, Zawierucha K, Costa ES, Niedzielski P, Torres JPM. Influence of marine vertebrates on organic matter, phosphorus and other chemical element levels in Antarctic soils. Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe presence of marine vertebrates in dense reproductive colonies and other aggregations contributes to the input of organic matter and nutrients into the local environment and it is believed that chemical elements are subsequently remobilized from the excreta of these animals. In this study, we investigated the influence of marine vertebrates on trace elements levels (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, U and Zn), nutrient (total phosphorus) and soil organic matter (SOM) content from five locations with and without the presence of seabirds and marine mammals in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Soils were acid digested using a microwave digestion system, elements were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and SOM was calculated by loss-on-ignition. The non-influenced and vertebrate-influenced soils had similar concentrations of most of the trace elements assessed, however, we observed a significant increase in SOM and P that was positively correlated with the concentrations of As, Cd, Se, Sr and Zn. Although marine vertebrates did not appear to significantly increase the elemental concentrations in the soils examined here, there is a clear evidence of selective enrichment indicating a zoogenic influence. Comparing our results with other studies, we conclude that soil elemental levels are result from an interplay between local geology, vertebrate diet and colony size. Further studies with increased sample size are required to obtain a better understanding of the influence of marine vertebrates on chemical element levels in Antarctic soils.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mirzoeva N, Tereshchenko N, Paraskiv A, Proskurnin V, Stetsiuk A, Korotkov A. Metals and metalloids in Antarctic krill and water in deep Weddell Sea areas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113624. [PMID: 35397343 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study on the concentration of trace elements in Antarctic krill and in water in the deep areas of the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic was performed. Concentrations of 22 trace elements were studied to determine their spatial distribution in krill, and to assess the accumulation ability of the krill against 8 of them. The trace elements concentration in krill diminished in the following order: Fe > Cu > Zn > Bа > B > Se > As > Cr > Ni > Ag > Li > Mn > V > Mo > Cd > Co > Hg > Be. Concentrations of Pb, Ti, Tl, Sb were below their detection limits. Concentration factors of trace elements by krill varied from n × 102 to n × 104. The Cu and As concentrations in dry krill exceeded their MPC. Concentrations of all trace elements in wet mass of krill were not exceeded established regulative values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mirzoeva
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave. 38, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya Tereshchenko
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave. 38, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Artem Paraskiv
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave. 38, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladislav Proskurnin
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave. 38, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandra Stetsiuk
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave. 38, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Korotkov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave. 38, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Almela P, Velázquez D, Rico E, Justel A, Quesada A. Marine Vertebrates Impact the Bacterial Community Composition and Food Webs of Antarctic Microbial Mats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841175. [PMID: 35464973 PMCID: PMC9023888 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of marine vertebrates represents an input of nutrients for Antarctic terrestrial biota, with relevant consequences for the entire ecosystem. Even though microbial mats assemble most of the biological diversity of the non-marine Antarctica, the effects of the local macrofauna on these microecosystems remain understudied. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 13C and 15N stable isotopes, and by characterizing the P and N-derived nutrient levels, we evaluated the effects of penguins and other marine vertebrates on four microbial mats located along the Antarctic Peninsula. Our results show that P concentrations, C/N and N/P ratios, and δ15N values of "penguin-impacted" microbial mats were significantly higher than values obtained for "macrofauna-free" sample. Nutrients derived from penguin colonies and other marine vertebrates altered the trophic interactions of communities within microbial mats, as well as the relative abundance and trophic position of meiofaunal groups. Twenty-nine bacterial families from eight different phyla significantly changed with the presence of penguins, with inorganic nitrogen (NH4 + and NO3 -) and δ15N appearing as key factors in driving bacterial community composition. An apparent change in richness, diversity, and dominance of prokaryotes was also related to penguin-derived nutrients, affecting N utilization strategies of microbial mats and relating oligotrophic systems to communities with a higher metabolic versatility. The interdisciplinary approach of this study makes these results advance our understanding of interactions and composition of communities inhabiting microbial mats from Antarctica, revealing how they are deeply associated with marine animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Almela
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Velázquez
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenio Rico
- Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Justel
- UC3M-Santander Big Data Institute (IBiDat), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Quesada
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grant ML, Bond AL, Lavers JL. The influence of seabirds on their breeding, roosting, and nesting grounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:1266-1289. [PMID: 35395097 PMCID: PMC9324971 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seabird species worldwide are integral to both marine and terrestrial environments, connecting the two systems by transporting vast quantities of marine-derived nutrients and pollutants to terrestrial breeding, roosting, and nesting grounds via the deposition of guano and other allochthonous inputs (e.g., eggs, feathers). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis and provide insight into what types of nutrients and pollutants seabirds are transporting, the influence these subsidies are having on recipient environments, with a particular focus on soil, and what may happen if seabird populations decline. The addition of guano to colony soils increased nutrient levels compared to control soils for all seabirds studied, with cascading positive effects observed across a range of habitats. Deposited guano sometimes led to negative impacts, such a guanotrophication, or guano-induced eutrophication, which was often observed where there was an excess of guano or in areas with high seabird densities. While the literature describing nutrients transported by seabirds is extensive, literature regarding pollutant transfer is comparatively limited, with a focus on toxic and bioaccumulative metals. Research on persistent organic pollutants and plastics transported by seabirds is likely to increase in coming years. Studies were limited geographically, with hotspots of research activity in a few locations, but data were lacking from large regions around the world. Studies were also limited to seabird species listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. As seabird populations are impacted by multiple threats and steep declines have been observed for many species worldwide, gaps in the literature are particularly concerning. The loss of seabirds will impact nutrient cycling at localised levels and potentially on a global scale as well, yet it is unknown what may truly happen to areas that rely on seabirds if these populations disappear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Grant
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, School Road, Newnham, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alexander L Bond
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Camacho A, Mora C, Picazo A, Rochera C, Camacho-Santamans A, Morant D, Roca-Pérez L, Ramos-Miras JJ, Rodríguez-Martín JA, Boluda R. Effects of Soil Quality on the Microbial Community Structure of Poorly Evolved Mediterranean Soils. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10010014. [PMID: 35051056 PMCID: PMC8781153 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical and chemical alterations may affect the microbiota of soils as much as the specific presence of toxic pollutants. The relationship between the microbial diversity patterns and the soil quality in a Mediterranean context is studied here to test the hypothesis that soil microbiota is strongly affected by the level of anthropogenic soil alteration. Our aim has been to determine the potential effect of organic matter loss and associated changes in soil microbiota of poorly evolved Mediterranean soils (Leptosols and Regosols) suffering anthropogenic stress (i.e., cropping and deforestation). The studied soils correspond to nine different sites which differed in some features, such as the parent material, vegetation cover, or soil use and types. A methodological approach has been used that combines the classical physical and chemical study of soils with molecular characterization of the microbial assemblages using specific primers for Bacteria, Archaea and ectomycorrhizal Fungi. In agreement with previous studies within the region, physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils varied notably depending on these factors. Microbial biomass, soil organic matter, and moisture, decreased in soils as deforestation increased, even in those partially degraded to substitution shrubland. Major differences were observed in the microbial community structure between the mollic and rendzic Leptosols found in forest soils, and the skeletic and dolomitic Leptosols in substitute shrublands, as well as with the skeletic and dolomitic Leptosols and calcaric Regosols in dry croplands. Forest soils displayed a higher microbial richness (OTU’s number) and biomass, as well as more stable and connected ecological networks. Here, we point out how human activities such as agriculture and other effects of deforestation led to changes in soil properties, thus affecting its quality driving changes in their microbial diversity and biomass patterns. Our findings demonstrate the potential risk that the replacement of forest areas may have in the conservation of the soil’s microbiota pool, both active and passive, which are basic for the maintenance of biogeochemical processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain; (C.M.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.-S.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-3543935
| | - César Mora
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain; (C.M.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.-S.); (D.M.)
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.B.)
| | - Antonio Picazo
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain; (C.M.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.-S.); (D.M.)
| | - Carlos Rochera
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain; (C.M.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.-S.); (D.M.)
| | - Alba Camacho-Santamans
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain; (C.M.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.-S.); (D.M.)
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.B.)
| | - Daniel Morant
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain; (C.M.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.-S.); (D.M.)
| | - Luis Roca-Pérez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.B.)
| | - José Joaquín Ramos-Miras
- Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales y Experimentales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - José A. Rodríguez-Martín
- Department of Environment, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rafael Boluda
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
CASTRO MARLLONF, MEIER MARTIN, NEVES JÚLIOC, FRANCELINO MÁRCIOR, SCHAEFER CARLOSERNESTOG, OLIVEIRA TEOGENESS. Influence of different seabird species on trace metals content in Antarctic soils. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210623. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
13
|
Lavergne C, Celis-Plá PSM, Chenu A, Rodríguez-Rojas F, Moenne F, Díaz MJ, Abello-Flores MJ, Díaz P, Garrido I, Bruning P, Verdugo M, Lobos MG, Sáez CA. Macroalgae metal-biomonitoring in Antarctica: Addressing the consequences of human presence in the white continent. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118365. [PMID: 34656678 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems in the Arctic and Antarctica were once thought pristine and away from important human influence. Today, it is known that global processes as atmospheric transport, local activities related with scientific research bases, military and touristic maritime traffic, among others, are a potential source of pollutants. Macroalgae have been recognized as reliable metal-biomonitoring organisms due to their accumulation capacity and physiological responses. Metal accumulation (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Se, and Hg) and photosynthetic parameters (associated with in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence) were assessed in 77 samples from 13 different macroalgal species (Phaeophyta; Chlorophyta; Rhodophyta) from areas with high human influence, nearby research and sometimes military bases and a control area, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Most metals in macroalgae followed a pattern influenced by rather algal lineage than site, with green seaweeds displaying trends of higher levels of metals as Al, Cu, Cr and Fe. Photosynthesis was also not affected by site, showing healthy organisms, especially in brown macroalgae, likely due to their great dimensions and morphological complexity. Finally, data did not demonstrate a relationship between metal accumulation and photosynthetic performance, evidencing low anthropogenic-derived impacts associated with metal excess in the area. Green macroalgae, especially Monostroma hariotti, are highlighted as reliable for further metal biomonitoring assessments. In the most ambitious to date seaweed biomonitoring effort conducted towards the Austral pole, this study improved by 91% the overall knowledge on metal accumulation in macroalgae from Antarctica, being the first report in species as Sarcopeltis antarctica and Plocamium cartilagineum. These findings may suggest that human short- and long-range metal influence on Antarctic coastal ecosystems still remains under control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Lavergne
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research (LACER), Centro de Estudios Avanzados, HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paula S M Celis-Plá
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research (LACER), Centro de Estudios Avanzados, HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Audran Chenu
- LIENSs, UMR 7266, Université de La Rochelle - CNRS, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, France
| | - Fernanda Rodríguez-Rojas
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research (LACER), Centro de Estudios Avanzados, HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fabiola Moenne
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research (LACER), Centro de Estudios Avanzados, HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María José Díaz
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research (LACER), Centro de Estudios Avanzados, HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile; Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - María Jesús Abello-Flores
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica y Ambiental, Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patricia Díaz
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica y Ambiental, Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ignacio Garrido
- Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Department of Biology and Quebec-Ocean Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Paulina Bruning
- Department of Biology and Quebec-Ocean Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica y Ambiental, Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Gabriela Lobos
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica y Ambiental, Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudio A Sáez
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research (LACER), Centro de Estudios Avanzados, HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Functional Metabolic Diversity of Bacterioplankton in Maritime Antarctic Lakes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102077. [PMID: 34683398 PMCID: PMC8539522 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A summer survey was conducted on the bacterioplankton communities of seven lakes from Byers Peninsula (Maritime Antarctica), differing in trophic and morphological characteristics. Predictions of the metabolic capabilities of these communities were performed with FAPROTAX using 16S rRNA sequencing data. The versatility for metabolizing carbon sources was also assessed in three of the lakes using Biolog Ecoplates. Relevant differences among lakes and within lake depths were observed. A total of 23 metabolic activities associated to the main biogeochemical cycles were foreseen, namely, carbon (11), nitrogen (4), sulfur (5), iron (2), and hydrogen (1). The aerobic metabolisms dominated, although anaerobic respiration was also relevant near the lakes’ bottom as well as in shallow eutrophic lakes with higher nutrient and organic matter contents. Capacity for using carbon sources further than those derived from the fresh autochthonous primary production was detected. Clustering of the lakes based on metabolic capabilities of their microbial communities was determined by their trophic status, with functional diversity increasing with trophic status. Data were also examined using a co-occurrence network approach, indicating that the lakes and their catchments have to be perceived as connected and interacting macrosystems, where either stochastic or deterministic mechanisms for the assembling of communities may occur depending on the lake’s isolation. The hydrological processes within catchments and the potential metabolic plasticity of these biological communities must be considered for future climate scenarios in the region, which may extend the growing season and increase biomass circulation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Castro MF, Neves JCL, Francelino MR, Schaefer CEGR, Oliveira TS. Seabirds enrich Antarctic soil with trace metals in organic fractions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147271. [PMID: 33940409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas of Antarctica are subjected to anthropic contamination from around the world by trace metals biotransported and accumulated by seabird excrements. To explore this hypothesis, this study investigated the influence of seabirds on the contents of trace metals in soil organic fractions from Antarctica under different climatic conditions and from different parent materials. For this, soil profiles from the Maritime Antarctica region were selected based on the criteria of ornithogenesis, parent material, and climate. The contents of C, N, and selected metals (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) were analysed in the organic matter associated with minerals (MAOM), the particulate fraction (POM), and in the total soil (MAOM + POM). The ornithogenic soils presented the highest amounts of C and N in the soil, MAOM, and POM as compared to nonornithogenic soils. Seabird activity resulted in an enrichment of Pb, Zn, and Cu. Among these biotransported metals, Cu and Zn seem to originate from natural biogenic processes in marine food chains, unlike Pb, which seems to come from anthropogenic sources. The soils developed from igneous rocks presented higher amounts of Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Sr in the soil, MAOM, and POM than soils from sedimentary rocks. The climate had no clear effect on most metals. Hence, seabirds enrich soils, MAOM, and POM with Cu, Zn, and Pb, whereas the amounts of Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Sr are mainly lithogenic, associated with the parent material. Monitoring biotransported trace metals in ornithogenic soils is of great importance, since they can create environmental toxicity to terrestrial plants and animals and can influence the food chain in the coastal areas of Antarctica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marllon F Castro
- Soil Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
| | - Júlio C L Neves
- Soil Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alekseev I, Abakumov E. Content of Trace Elements in Soils of Eastern Antarctica: Variability Across Landscapes. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:368-388. [PMID: 33475760 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although Antarctica is considered one of the most pristine areas on Earth, an accelerating human presence in this remote continent, such as scientific operations and functioning of numerous scientific stations, logistics, and tourism activities, has increased the risks of environmental impacts in recent decades. During the 63rd Russian Antarctic expedition, 42 samples from topsoil horizons were collected from Larsemann Hills, Mirny station, and Fulmar Island, Eastern Antarctica. The purpose of this work was to analyze the accumulation levels 8 trace elements and to assess possible environmental risks associated with contamination of Antarctic soils. Various human activities have been found to be responsible for increase of metal levels in studied Antarctic environments. Our study also revealed a specific role of ornithogenic factor and moss cover in distribution of contaminants in severe conditions of Eastern Antarctica soils. Ornithogenic soils were characterized by higher rates of accumulation of some trace metals and metalloids (especially zinc and copper) compared with other investigated "pristine" sites without significantly visible traces of guano inputs. In general term, obtained geoaccumulation index for trace elements in all samples were under or slightly above the 0 level, indicating low to moderate pollution of the studied soils. Results of principal component analysis revealed the necessity for further detailed research on interactions of trace metals with soil organic matter for better understanding of their biogeochemistry in the Antarctic environment. Although most of contaminated sites were found in anthropogenically affected areas, accumulation of some elements in guano-derived and moss materials were associated with higher values for soil pollution indices in natural soils, as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Alekseev
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Evgeny Abakumov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alekseev I, Abakumov E. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Mercury and Arsenic Content in Soils of Larsemann Hills, Pravda Coast and Fulmar Island, Eastern Antarctica. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:278-288. [PMID: 33420571 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigation of various potential contaminants (arsenic, mercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) content in soils of different landscapes of Eastern Antarctica ice-free areas. Our data not only showed that intensive human impact might result in significant direct contamination of surrounding landforms, but also revealed a specific role of ornithogenic transport in distribution of contaminants. Analysis revealed that the contents of investigated elements were 0.100-8.055 mg kg-1 (arsenic), 0.025-0.027 mg kg-1 (mercury) in Larsemann Hills and 0.100-1.213 mg kg-1 (arsenic), 0.023-0.593 mg kg-1 (mercury) in vicinities of Mirny station and Fulmar Island. Accumulation of some elements in guano-derived and moss materials lead to higher values of other soil pollution indices at natural sites. Results of our study revealed the predominance of light molecular weight PAHs (fluorene and acenaphthylene) in studied soils. Results of our study are not completely in agreement with the idea of an practically uncontaminated Antarctic ecosystem which was previously reported for Eastern Antarctica ice-free areas. Various human activities carried out at local scale have been found to be responsible for increase of metal levels in studied Antarctic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Alekseev
- Dept. of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Evgeny Abakumov
- Dept. of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Microbial Communities in Permafrost Soils of Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica: Environmental Controls and Effect of Human Impact. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081202. [PMID: 32784619 PMCID: PMC7464515 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ice-free areas cover only about 0.1% of Antarctica and are characterized by harsh environmental conditions, these regions provide quite diverse conditions for the soil-forming process, having various physical and geochemical properties, and also assuring different conditions for living organisms. This study is aimed to determine existing soil microbial communities, their relationship with soil parameters and the influence of anthropogenic activity in Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica. The soil microbiome was investigated at different locations using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The taxonomic analysis of the soil microbiomes revealed 12 predominant bacterial and archaeal phyla—Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Armatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Thaumarchaeota. Some specific phyla have been also found in sub-surface horizons of soils investigated, thus providing additional evidence of the crucial role of gravel pavement in saving the favorable conditions for both soil and microbiome development. Moreover, our study also revealed that some bacterial species might be introduced into Antarctic soils by human activities. We also assessed the effect of different soil parameters on microbial community in the harsh environmental conditions of Eastern Antarctica. pH, carbon and nitrogen, as well as fine earth content, were revealed as the most accurate predictors of soil bacterial community composition.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cajiao D, Albertos B, Tejedo P, Muñoz-Puelles L, Garilleti R, Lara F, Sancho LG, Tirira DG, Simón-Baile D, Reck GK, Olave C, Benayas J. Assessing the conservation values and tourism threats in Barrientos Island, Antarctic Peninsula. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 266:110593. [PMID: 32392143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica has been witnessing continued growth of tourism, both in the overall visitation and in the diversity of itineraries and visitor activities. Expanding tourism presents unique business and educational opportunities, but it is also putting immense pressure on Antarctica's natural, and for the most parts, pristine environment. Understanding the effectiveness of different tourism management strategies and instruments, like the Visitor Site Guidelines adopted by the Antarctic Treaty, is fundamental to the sustainable management of Antarctic tourism. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Visitor Site Guidelines and other tourism management actions in reducing impacts to the natural environment and for this, we used Barrientos Island as our case study as this is one of the most popular sites for tourism activities in the Antarctic Peninsula Region. First, we conducted a literature review and biological inventories to enable a thorough description of Barrientos Island's ecological values. The results show that Barrientos Island occupies the third highest biological richness among the top 15 most visited sites in the Antarctic Peninsula Region. We then assessed how tourism use on Barrientos Island affected biodiversity and the environment, and how Visitor Site Guidelines and other management measures helped alleviate these impacts. As intended, these instruments has been positive and valuable by providing operational guidance. However, they may lack significant information for tourism decision-making processes. To this end, we propose an alternative adaptive management approach that can more efficiently conserve biodiversity and environmental values while allowing the development of sustainable tourism activities in Antarctica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cajiao
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, E-28049, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Ecología Aplicada ECOLAP-USFQ, Universidad de San Francisco de Quito, P.O. Box 1712841, Diego de Robles y Pampite, Cumbayá, Ecuador.
| | - Belén Albertos
- Departamento de Botánica y Geología, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés S/n, E-46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Pablo Tejedo
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Muñoz-Puelles
- Departamento de Ingeniería Geológica y Minera. Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica. Campus Real Fábrica de Armas Toledo. Edificio Sabatini. Universidad de Castilla La Mancha. Avenida de Carlos III, 21. 45004, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Garilleti
- Departamento de Botánica y Geología, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés S/n, E-46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Francisco Lara
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, E-28049, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), c/ Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo G Sancho
- Unidad de Botánica. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, S/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diego G Tirira
- Fundación Mamíferos y Conservación, Urbanización Hacienda Capelo 165, Capelo, Rumiñahui, Ecuador.
| | - Débora Simón-Baile
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y la Construcción. Universidad de las Fuerzas Amadas ESPE P.O. Box 171-5-231-B, Sangolquí, Ecuador.
| | - Günther K Reck
- Instituto de Ecología Aplicada ECOLAP-USFQ, Universidad de San Francisco de Quito, P.O. Box 1712841, Diego de Robles y Pampite, Cumbayá, Ecuador.
| | - Carlos Olave
- Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario Fuego, Patagonia y Antártica. Fundación CEQUA, Av. España 184 - Punta Arenas, Chile.
| | - Javier Benayas
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, E-28049, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), c/ Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Centurion VB, Delforno TP, Lacerda-Júnior GV, Duarte AWF, Silva LJ, Bellini GB, Rosa LH, Oliveira VM. Unveiling resistome profiles in the sediments of an Antarctic volcanic island. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113240. [PMID: 31550653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Deception Island, located in Maritime Antarctica, is a volcanic island with geothermal activity and one of the most visited by tourists. However, the extent of the anthropogenic impact remains largely unknown and the factors shaping the resistance/tolerance mechanisms in the microbiomes from Whalers Bay ecosystems have never been investigated. In this context, this study aimed to reveal the resistome profiles of Whalers Bay sediments and correlate them with environmental factors. Samples were collected at four sites during the summer 2014/2015 along a transect of 27.5 m in the Whalers Bay sediments. DNA isolated from sediment samples was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform. Bioinformatic analyses allowed the assembly of contigs and scaffolds, prediction of ORFs, and taxonomic and functional annotation using NCBI RefSeq database and KEGG orthology, respectively. Microorganisms belonging to the genera Psychrobacter, Flavobacterium and Polaromonas were shown to dominate all sites, representing 60% of taxonomic annotation. Arsenic (As), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) were the most abundant metal resistance/tolerance types found in the microbiomes. Beta-lactam was the most common class related to antibiotics resistance/tolerance, corroborating with previous environmental resistome studies. The acridine class was the most abundant amongst the biocide resistance/tolerances, related to antiseptic compounds. Results gathered in this study reveal a repertoire of resistance/tolerance classes to antibiotics and biocides unusually found in Antarctica. However, given the volcanic nature (heavy metals-rich region) of Deception Island soils, this putative impact must be viewed with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V B Centurion
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP, CEP 13081-970, Brazil; Biology Institute, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - T P Delforno
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP, CEP 13081-970, Brazil.
| | - G V Lacerda-Júnior
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP, CEP 13081-970, Brazil; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - EMBRAPA, Jaguariúna, SP, CEP 13820-000, Brazil.
| | - A W F Duarte
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP, CEP 13081-970, Brazil; Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca - UFAL, Arapiraca, AL, CEP 57309-005, Brazil.
| | - L J Silva
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - EMBRAPA, Jaguariúna, SP, CEP 13820-000, Brazil.
| | - G B Bellini
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP, CEP 13081-970, Brazil; Biology Institute, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - L H Rosa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - V M Oliveira
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP, CEP 13081-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Limnology and Aquatic Microbial Ecology of Byers Peninsula: A Main Freshwater Biodiversity Hotspot in Maritime Antarctica. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a comprehensive review of the diversity revealed by research in limnology and microbial ecology conducted in Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) during the last two decades. The site constitutes one of the largest ice-free areas within the Antarctic Peninsula region. Since it has a high level of environmental protection, it is less human-impacted compared to other sites within the South Shetland archipelago. The main investigations in Byers Peninsula focused on the physical and chemical limnology of the lakes, ponds, rivers, and wetlands, as well as on the structure of their planktonic and benthic microbial communities, and on the functional ecology of the microbial food webs. Lakes and ponds in Byers range along a productivity gradient that extends from the less productive lakes located upland to the eutrophic coastal lakes. Their planktonic assemblages include viruses, bacteria, a metabolically diverse community of protists (i.e., autotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs), and a few metazooplankton species. Most of the studies conducted in the site demonstrate the strong influence of the physical environment (i.e., temperature, availability of light, and water) and nutrient availability in structuring these microbial communities. However, top-down biotic processes may occur in summer, when predation by zooplankton can exert a strong influence on the abundance of protists, including flagellates and ciliated protozoa. As a consequence, bacterioplankton could be partly released from the grazing pressure exerted by these protists, and proliferates fueled by external nutrient subsidies from the lake’s catchment. As summer temperatures in this region are slightly above the melting point of water, biotic processes, such as those related to the productivity of lakes during ice-free periods, could become even more relevant as warming induced by climate change progresses. The limnological research carried out at the site proves that Byers Peninsula deserves special attention in the framework of the research in extreme environments. Together with nearby sites, such as Signy Island, Byers Peninsula comprises a featuring element of the Maritime Antarctic region that represents a benchmark area relative to the global distribution and diversity of aquatic microorganisms.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang N, Guo Y, Li G, Xia Y, Ma M, Zang J, Ma Y, Yin X, Han W, Lv J, Cao H. Geochemical-Compositional-Functional Changes in Arctic Soil Microbiomes Post Land Submergence Revealed by Metagenomics. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:180-190. [PMID: 31178526 PMCID: PMC6594734 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me18091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lakes of meltwater in the Artic have become one of the transforming landscape changes under global warming. We herein compared microbial communities between sediments and bank soils at an arctic lake post land submergence using geochemistry, 16S rRNA amplicons, and metagenomes. The results obtained showed that each sample had approximately 2,609 OTUs on average and shared 1,716 OTUs based on the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region. Dominant phyla in sediments and soils included Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Nitrospirae; sediments contained a unique phylum, Euryarchaeota, with the phylum Thaumarchaeota being primarily present in bank soils. Among the top 35 genera across all sites, 17 were more abundant in sediments, while the remaining 18 were more abundant in bank soils; seven out of the top ten genera across all sites were only from sediments. A redundancy analysis separated sediment samples from soil samples based on the components of nitrite and ammonium. Metagenome results supported the role of nitrite because most of the genes for denitrification and methane metabolic genes were more abundant in sediments than in soils, while the abundance of phosphorus-utilizing genes was similar and, thus, was not a significant explanatory factor. We identified several modules from the global networks of OTUs that were closely related to some geochemical factors, such as pH and nitrite. Collectively, the present results showing consistent changes in geochemistry, microbiome compositions, and functional genes suggest an ecological mechanism across molecular and community levels that structures microbiomes post land submergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nengfei Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China
| | - Yudong Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Marine Sciences and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & TechnologyQingdao 266042China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin 100012China
| | - Yan Xia
- Jilin University First HospitalChangchun, Jilin 100012China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China
| | - Jiaye Zang
- Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Marine Sciences and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & TechnologyQingdao 266042China
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China
| | - Wenbing Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China
| | - Jinjiang Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China
| | - Huansheng Cao
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ 85287USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Picazo A, Rochera C, Villaescusa JA, Miralles-Lorenzo J, Velázquez D, Quesada A, Camacho A. Bacterioplankton Community Composition Along Environmental Gradients in Lakes From Byers Peninsula (Maritime Antarctica) as Determined by Next-Generation Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:908. [PMID: 31114558 PMCID: PMC6503055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study comprises the first attempt to describe the planktonic bacterial communities of lakes from Byers Peninsula, one of the most significant limnological districts in the Maritime Antarctica, leveraging next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. For the survey, we selected 7 lakes covering the environmental gradient from inland to coastal lakes, some of them sampled both in surface and deep waters. Analysis provided just over 85,000 high quality sequences that were clustered into 864 unique Zero-radius Operational Taxonomic Units (ZOTUs) (i.e., 100% sequence similarity). Yet, several taxonomic uncertainties remained in the analysis likely suggesting the occurrence of local bacterial adaptations. The survey showed the dominance of the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Among the former, the Gammaproteobacteria class, more specifically the order Betaproteobacteriales, was the dominant group, which seems to be a common trend in nutrient-limited Antarctic lakes. Most of the families and genera ubiquitously detected belonging to this class are indeed typical from ultra-oligotrophic environments, and commonly described as diazotrophs. On the other hand, among the members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, genera such as Flavobacterium were abundant in some of the shallowest lakes, thus demonstrating that also benthic and sediment-associated bacteria contributed to water bacterial assemblages. Ordination analyses sorted bacterial assemblages mainly based on the environmental gradients of nutrient availability and conductivity i.e., salinity. However, transient bacterial associations, that included the groups Clostridiaceae and Chloroflexi, also occurred as being forced by other drivers such as the influence of the nearby fauna and by the airborne microorganisms. As we intended, our NGS-based approach has provided a much greater resolution compared to the previous studies conducted in the area and confirmed to a large extent the previously obtained patterns, thus reinforcing the view of Byers as a hotspot of microbial biodiversity within Antarctica. This high microbial diversity allows the use of these aquatic ecosystems and their bacterial assemblages as sentinels for the monitoring of adaptive responses to climate change in this rapidly warming area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Picazo
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Rochera
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Villaescusa
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Miralles-Lorenzo
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Velázquez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Quesada
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ramírez-Fernández L, Trefault N, Carú M, Orlando J. Seabird and pinniped shape soil bacterial communities of their settlements in Cape Shirreff, Antarctica. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209887. [PMID: 30625192 PMCID: PMC6326729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seabirds and pinnipeds play an important role in biogeochemical cycling by transferring nutrients from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Indeed, soils rich in animal depositions have generally high organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents. Several studies have assessed bacterial diversity in Antarctic soils influenced by marine animals; however most have been conducted in areas with significant human impact. Thus, we chose Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, an Antarctic Specially Protected Area designated mainly to protect the diversity of marine vertebrate fauna, and selected sampling sites with different types of animals coexisting in a relatively small space, and where human presence and impact are negligible. Using 16S rRNA gene analyses through massive sequencing, we assessed the influence of animal concentrations, via their modification of edaphic characteristics, on soil bacterial diversity and composition. The nutrient composition of soils impacted by Antarctic fur seals and kelp gulls was more similar to that of control soils (i.e. soils without visible presence of plants or animals), which may be due to the more active behaviour of these marine animals compared to other species. Conversely, the soils from concentrations of southern elephant seals and penguins showed greater differences in soil nutrients compared to the control. In agreement with this, the bacterial communities of the soils associated with these animals were most different from those of the control soils, with the soils of penguin colonies also possessing the lowest bacterial diversity. However, all the soils influenced by the presence of marine animals were dominated by bacteria belonging to Gammaproteobacteria, particularly those of the genus Rhodanobacter. Therefore, we conclude that the modification of soil nutrient composition by marine vertebrates promotes specific groups of bacteria, which could play an important role in the recycling of nutrients in terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lía Ramírez-Fernández
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Trefault
- Centre for Genomics, Ecology and Environment (GEMA), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita Carú
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julieta Orlando
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Guo Y, Wang N, Li G, Rosas G, Zang J, Ma Y, Liu J, Han W, Cao H. Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:552. [PMID: 29666609 PMCID: PMC5891643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of penguin activity in maritime Antarctica, under ice thaw, increases the chances of penguin feces affecting soil microbiomes. The detail of such effects begins to be revealed. By comparing soil geochemistry and microbiome composition inside (one site) and outside (three sites) of the rookery, we found significant effects of penguin feces on both. First, penguin feces change soil geochemistry, causing increased moisture content (MC) of ornithogenic soils and nutrients C, N, P, and Si in the rookery compared to non-rookery sites, but not pH. Second, penguin feces directly affect microbiome composition in the rookery, not those outside. Specifically, we found 4,364 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) in 404 genera in six main phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. Although the diversity is similar among the four sites, the composition is different. For example, penguin rookery has a lower abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae but a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Thermomicrobia. Strikingly, the family Clostridiaceae of Firmicutes of penguin-feces origin is most abundant in the rookery than non-rookery sites with two most abundant genera, Tissierella and Proteiniclasticum. Redundancy analysis showed all measured geochemical factors are significant in structuring microbiomes, with MC showing the highest correlation. We further extracted 21 subnetworks of microbes which contain 4,318 of the 4,364 OTUs using network analysis and are closely correlated with all geochemical factors except pH. Our finding f penguin feces, directly and indirectly, affects soil microbiome suggests an important role of penguins in soil geochemistry and microbiome structure of maritime Antarctica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Marine Sciences and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Nengfei Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Jiaye Zang
- Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Marine Sciences and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Marine Sciences and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbing Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huansheng Cao
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|