1
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Reinema FV, Sweep FCGJ, Adema GJ, Peeters WJM, Martens JWM, Bussink J, Span PN. Tamoxifen induces radioresistance through NRF2-mediated metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:3. [PMID: 36755288 PMCID: PMC9909892 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we reported that tamoxifen-resistant (TAM-R) breast cancer cells are cross-resistant to irradiation. Here, we investigated the mechanisms associated with tamoxifen-induced radioresistance, aiming to prevent or reverse resistance and improve breast cancer treatment. METHODS Wild-type ERα-positive MCF7 and ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and their TAM-R counterparts were analyzed for cellular metabolism using the Seahorse metabolic analyzer. Real-time ROS production, toxicity, and antioxidant capacity in response to H2O2, tamoxifen, and irradiation were determined. Tumor material from 28 breast cancer patients before and after short-term presurgical tamoxifen (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00738777, August 19, 2008) and cellular material was analyzed for NRF2 gene expression and immunohistochemistry. Re-sensitization of TAM-R cells to irradiation was established using pharmacological inhibition. RESULTS TAM-R cells exhibited decreased oxygen consumption and increased glycolysis, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. However, this did not explain radioresistance, as cells without mitochondria (Rho-0) were actually more radiosensitive. Real-time measurement of ROS after tamoxifen and H2O2 exposure indicated lower ROS levels and toxicity in TAM-R cells. Consistently, higher antioxidant levels were found in TAM-R cells, providing protection from irradiation-induced ROS. NRF2, a main activator of the antioxidant response, was increased in TAM-R cells and in tumor tissue of patients treated with short-term presurgical tamoxifen. NRF2 inhibition re-sensitized TAM-R cells to irradiation. CONCLUSION Mechanisms underlying tamoxifen-induced radioresistance are linked to cellular adaptations to persistently increased ROS levels, leading to cells with chronically upregulated antioxidant capacity and glycolysis. Pharmacological inhibition of antioxidant responses re-sensitizes breast cancer cells to irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Reinema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - F C G J Sweep
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G J Adema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - W J M Peeters
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - J W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - P N Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
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2
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Atherogenic potential of microgravity hemodynamics in the carotid bifurcation: a numerical investigation. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:39. [PMID: 36085153 PMCID: PMC9463447 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-duration spaceflight poses multiple hazards to human health, including physiological changes associated with microgravity. The hemodynamic adaptations occurring upon entry into weightlessness have been associated with retrograde stagnant flow conditions and thromboembolic events in the venous vasculature but the impact of microgravity on cerebral arterial hemodynamics and function remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of microgravity on hemodynamics and wall shear stress (WSS) characteristics in 16 carotid bifurcation geometries reconstructed from ultrasonography images using computational fluid dynamics modeling. Microgravity resulted in a significant 21% increase in flow stasis index, a 22-23% decrease in WSS magnitude and a 16-26% increase in relative residence time in all bifurcation branches, while preserving WSS unidirectionality. In two anatomies, however, microgravity not only promoted flow stasis but also subjected the convex region of the external carotid arterial wall to a moderate increase in WSS bidirectionality, which contrasted with the population average trend. This study suggests that long-term exposure to microgravity has the potential to subject the vasculature to atheroprone hemodynamics and this effect is modulated by subject-specific anatomical features. The exploration of the biological impact of those microgravity-induced WSS aberrations is needed to better define the risk posed by long spaceflights on cardiovascular health.
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3
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Tsai YC, Chen SL, Peng SL, Tsai YL, Chang ZM, Chang VHS, Ch’ang HJ. Upregulating sirtuin 6 ameliorates glycolysis, EMT and distant metastasis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with krüppel-like factor 10 deficiency. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1623-1635. [PMID: 34702956 PMCID: PMC8569177 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) is a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. In a murine model of spontaneous pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), additional KLF10 depletion accelerated distant metastasis. However, Klf10 knockout mice, which suffer from metabolic disorders, do not develop malignancy. The mechanisms of KLF10 in PDAC progression deserve further exploration. KLF10-depleted and KLF10-overexpressing PDAC cells were established to measure epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), glycolysis, and migration ability. A murine model was established to evaluate the benefit of genetic or pharmacological manipulation in KLF10-depleted PDAC cells (PDACshKLF10). Correlations of KLF10 deficiency with rapid metastasis, elevated EMT, and glycolysis were demonstrated in resected PDAC tissues, in vitro assays, and murine models. We identified sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) as an essential mediator of KLF10 that modulates EMT and glucose homeostasis. Overexpressing SIRT6 reversed the migratory and glycolytic phenotypes of PDACshKLF10 cells. Linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid, upregulated SIRT6 and prolonged the survival of mice injected with PDACshKLF10. Modulating HIF1α and NFκB revealed that EMT and glycolysis in PDAC cells were coordinately regulated upstream by KLF10/SIRT6 signaling. Our study demonstrated a novel KLF10/SIRT6 pathway that modulated EMT and glycolysis coordinately via NFκB and HIF1α. Activation of KLF10/SIRT6 signaling ameliorated the distant progression of PDAC.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. identifier: NCT01666184.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chih Tsai
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Su-Liang Chen
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Peng
- grid.412040.30000 0004 0639 0054Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Li Tsai
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Zuong-Ming Chang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Hung-Shu Chang
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Program for Translation Biology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Ch’ang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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4
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Jia C, Wang Q, Yao X, Yang J. The Role of DNA Damage Induced by Low/High Dose Ionizing Radiation in Cell Carcinogenesis. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2021.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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5
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van Gisbergen MW, Zwilling E, Dubois LJ. Metabolic Rewiring in Radiation Oncology Toward Improving the Therapeutic Ratio. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653621. [PMID: 34041023 PMCID: PMC8143268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the anabolic demands of the proliferative potential of tumor cells, malignant cells tend to rewire their metabolic pathways. Although different types of malignant cells share this phenomenon, there is a large intracellular variability how these metabolic patterns are altered. Fortunately, differences in metabolic patterns between normal tissue and malignant cells can be exploited to increase the therapeutic ratio. Modulation of cellular metabolism to improve treatment outcome is an emerging field proposing a variety of promising strategies in primary tumor and metastatic lesion treatment. These strategies, capable of either sensitizing or protecting tissues, target either tumor or normal tissue and are often focused on modulating of tissue oxygenation, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilization, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function and the redox balance. Several compounds or therapies are still in under (pre-)clinical development, while others are already used in clinical practice. Here, we describe different strategies from bench to bedside to optimize the therapeutic ratio through modulation of the cellular metabolism. This review gives an overview of the current state on development and the mechanism of action of modulators affecting cellular metabolism with the aim to improve the radiotherapy response on tumors or to protect the normal tissue and therefore contribute to an improved therapeutic ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike W van Gisbergen
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emma Zwilling
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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6
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The hypoxia-sensor carbonic anhydrase IX affects macrophage metabolism, but is not a suitable biomarker for human cardiovascular disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:425. [PMID: 33432108 PMCID: PMC7801702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is prevalent in atherosclerotic plaques, promoting plaque aggravation and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Transmembrane protein carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is hypoxia-induced and can be shed into the circulation as soluble CAIX (sCAIX). As plaque macrophages are hypoxic, we hypothesized a role for CAIX in macrophage function, and as biomarker of hypoxic plaque burden and CVD. As tumor patients with probable CVD are treated with CAIX inhibitors, this study will shed light on their safety profile. CAIX co-localized with macrophages (CD68) and hypoxia (pimonidazole), and correlated with lipid core size and pro-inflammatory iNOS+ macrophages in unstable human carotid artery plaques. Although elevated pH and reduced lactate levels in culture medium of CAIX knock-out (CAIXko) macrophages confirmed its role as pH-regulator, only spare respiratory capacity of CAIXko macrophages was reduced. Proliferation, apoptosis, lipid uptake and expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes were not altered. Plasma sCAIX levels and plaque-resident CAIX were below the detection threshold in 50 and 90% of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, respectively, while detectable levels did not associate with primary or secondary events, or intraplaque hemorrhage. Initial findings show that CAIX deficiency interferes with macrophage metabolism. Despite a correlation with inflammatory macrophages, plaque-resident and sCAIX expression levels are too low to serve as biomarkers of future CVD.
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7
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van Gisbergen MW, Offermans K, Voets AM, Lieuwes NG, Biemans R, Hoffmann RF, Dubois LJ, Lambin P. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced HIF-1α Stabilization and Expression of Its Downstream Targets. Front Oncol 2020; 10:770. [PMID: 32509579 PMCID: PMC7248342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mtDNA variations often result in bioenergetic dysfunction inducing a metabolic switch toward glycolysis resulting in an unbalanced pH homeostasis. In hypoxic cells, expression of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is enhanced to maintain cellular pH homeostasis. We hypothesized that cells with a dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation machinery display elevated CAIX expression levels. Increased glycolysis was observed for cytoplasmic 143B mutant hybrid (m.3243A>G, >94.5%) cells (p < 0.05) and 143B mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depleted cells (p < 0.05). Upon hypoxia (0.2%, 16 h), genetic or pharmacological oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition resulted in decreased CAIX (p < 0.05), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) expression levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prolyl-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) levels could not explain these observations. In vivo, tumor take (>500 mm3) took longer for mutant hybrid xenografts, but growth rates were comparable with control tumors upon establishment. Previously, it has been shown that HIF-1α is responsible for tumor establishment. In agreement, we found that HIF-1α expression levels and the pimonidazole-positive hypoxic fraction were reduced for the mutant hybrid xenografts. Our results demonstrate that OXPHOS dysfunction leads to a decreased HIF-1α stabilization and subsequently to a reduced expression of its downstream targets and hypoxic fraction in vivo. In contrast, hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α) expression levels in these xenografts were enhanced. Inhibition of mitochondrial function is therefore an interesting approach to increase therapeutic efficacy in hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike W van Gisbergen
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kelly Offermans
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - An M Voets
- Department of Clinical Genomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Natasja G Lieuwes
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rianne Biemans
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roland F Hoffmann
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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8
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Miranda S, Correia M, Dias AG, Pestana A, Soares P, Nunes J, Lima J, Máximo V, Boaventura P. Evaluation of the role of mitochondria in the non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation using cybrid cellular models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6131. [PMID: 32273537 PMCID: PMC7145863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiobiology is moving towards a better understanding of the intercellular signaling that occurs upon radiation and how its effects relate to the dose applied. The mitochondrial role in orchestrating this biological response needs to be further explored. Cybrids (cytoplasmic hybrids) are useful cell models for studying the involvement of mitochondria in cellular processes. In the present study we used cybrid cell lines to investigate the role of mitochondria in the response to radiation exposure. Cybrid cell lines, derived from the osteosarcoma human cell line 143B, harboring, either wild-type mitochondrial DNA (Cy143Bwt), cells with mitochondria with mutated DNA that causes mitochondrial dysfunction (Cy143Bmut), as well as cells without mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (143B-Rho0), were irradiated with 0.2 Gy and 2.0 Gy. Evaluation of the non-targeted (or bystander) effects in non-irradiated cells were assessed by using conditioned media from the irradiated cells. DNA double stranded breaks were assessed with the γH2AX assay. Both directly irradiated cells and cells treated with the conditioned media, showed increased DNA damage. The effect of the irradiated cells media was different according to the cell line it derived from: from Cy143Bwt cells irradiated with 0.2 Gy (low dose) and from Cy143Bmut irradiated with 2.0 Gy (high dose) induced highest DNA damage. Notably, media obtained from cells without mtDNA, the143B-Rho0 cell line, produced no effect in DNA damage. These results point to a possible role of mitochondria in the radiation-induced non-targeted effects. Furthermore, it indicates that cybrid models are valuable tools for radiobiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Miranda
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Radiotherapy Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Correia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela G Dias
- Medical Physics Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group. Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pestana
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Nunes
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valdemar Máximo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Boaventura
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Hoffmann RF, Jonker MR, Brandenburg SM, de Bruin HG, Ten Hacken NHT, van Oosterhout AJM, Heijink IH. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases pro-inflammatory cytokine production and impairs repair and corticosteroid responsiveness in lung epithelium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15047. [PMID: 31636329 PMCID: PMC6803636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is characterized by chronic lung inflammation and irreversible lung tissue damage. Inhaled noxious gases, including cigarette smoke, are the major risk factor for COPD. Inhaled smoke first encounters the epithelial lining of the lungs, causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated whether a mitochondrial defect may contribute to increased lung epithelial pro-inflammatory responses, impaired epithelial repair and reduced corticosteroid sensitivity as observed in COPD. We used wild-type alveolar epithelial cells A549 and mitochondrial DNA-depleted A549 cells (A549 Rho-0) and studied pro-inflammatory responses using (multiplex) ELISA as well as epithelial barrier function and repair (real-time impedance measurements), in the presence and absence of the inhaled corticosteroid budesonide. We observed that A549 Rho-0 cells secrete higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines than wild-type A549 cells and display impaired repair upon wounding. Budesonide strongly suppressed the production of neutrophil attractant CXCL8, and promoted epithelial integrity in A549 wild-type cells, while A549 Rho-0 cells displayed reduced corticosteroid sensitivity compared to wild-type cells. The reduced corticosteroid responsiveness may be mediated by glycolytic reprogramming, specifically glycolysis-associated PI3K signaling, as PI3K inhibitor LY294002 restored the sensitivity of CXCL8 secretion to corticosteroids in A549 Rho-0 cells. In conclusion, mitochondrial defects may lead to increased lung epithelial pro-inflammatory responses, reduced epithelial repair and reduced corticosteroid responsiveness in lung epithelium, thus potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Hoffmann
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M R Jonker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S M Brandenburg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H G de Bruin
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N H T Ten Hacken
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A J M van Oosterhout
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Tomita K, Takashi Y, Ouchi Y, Kuwahara Y, Igarashi K, Nagasawa T, Nabika H, Kurimasa A, Fukumoto M, Nishitani Y, Sato T. Lipid peroxidation increases hydrogen peroxide permeability leading to cell death in cancer cell lines that lack mtDNA. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2856-2866. [PMID: 31314163 PMCID: PMC6726706 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is an important product of plasma membrane lipid peroxidation, which is a cause of cell and tissue injury. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-depleted ρ0 cells were established using human cervical cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. We investigated the effect of reactive oxygen species in ρ0 cells, especially the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-mediated cell death. These cell were subjected to high oxidative stress and, compared with their parental cells, showed greater sensitivity to H2 O2 and high lipid peroxidation. Upregulation of HNE in the plasma membrane was observed prior to the increase in intracellular H2 O2 . The amount of oxidized lipid present changed H2 O2 permeability and administration of oxidized lipid led to further cell death after treatment with H2 O2 . Expression levels of lipoxygenase ALOX genes (ie ALOX5, ALOX12, and ALOX15) were upregulated in ρ0 cells, as were expression levels of ALOX12 and ALOX15 proteins. ALOX5 protein was mainly distributed in the nucleus, while ALOX12 and ALOX15 proteins were distributed in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Although expression of COX2 gene was upregulated, its protein expression did not increase. ALOX (especially ALOX15) may be involved in the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment. These data offer promise for the development of novel anticancer agents by altering the oxidation state of the plasma membrane. Our results showed that lipid peroxidation status is important for H2 O2 sensitivity and that ALOX15 is involved in lipid peroxidation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Takashi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuya Ouchi
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Nabika
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishitani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Meijer TWH, Peeters WJM, Dubois LJ, van Gisbergen MW, Biemans R, Venhuizen JH, Span PN, Bussink J. Targeting glucose and glutamine metabolism combined with radiation therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2018; 126:32-40. [PMID: 30527190 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic inhibition might sensitize tumors to irradiation. Here, we examined the effect of lonidamine (several metabolic effects, inhibiting hexokinase amongst others) and/or 968 (glutaminase inhibitor) on tumor cell metabolism, cell growth, cytotoxicity and radiosensitivity in NSCLC cell lines in vitro in relation to histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adeno- (H23, HCC827, H1975) and squamous cell carcinoma (H520, H292, SW900) NSCLC cells were treated with lonidamine and/or 968 for 72 h under physiological levels of glucose (1.5 mM). Cells were irradiated with 0, 4 or 8 Gy. Cell growth of H2B-mCherry transduced cells and cytotoxicity (CellTox™ Green Cytotoxicity Assay) were measured using live cell imaging (IncuCyte). Inhibitory effects on metabolic profiles was determined using the Seahorse XF96 extracellular Flux analyzer. RESULTS NSCLC cell lines responded differently to glycolysis (lonidamine) and/or glutaminase (968) inhibition, largely corresponding with changes in glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism upon treatment. Response patterns were not related to histology. 968 was cytotoxic in cell lines with high glutaminase C expression (H1975 and H520), whereas combination treatment was cytotoxic in KRAS mutated cell lines SW900 and H23. H292 and HCC827 were resistant to combination treatment. Treatment with 968 and especially lonidamine resulted in radiosensitization of H292 and HCC827 in terms of decreased relative cell growth and increased cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION NSCLC is a heterogeneous disease, which is reflected in the response of different cell lines to the treatment (combinations) reported here. Only a part of NSCLC patients may benefit from the combination of radiation therapy and metabolic inhibition, making stratification necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke W H Meijer
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Wenny J M Peeters
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marike W van Gisbergen
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Biemans
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Hendrik Venhuizen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul N Span
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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12
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Farhood B, Goradel NH, Mortezaee K, Khanlarkhani N, Najafi M, Sahebkar A. Melatonin and cancer: From the promotion of genomic stability to use in cancer treatment. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5613-5627. [PMID: 30238978 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains among the most challenging human diseases. Several lines of evidence suggest that carcinogenesis is a complex process that is initiated by DNA damage. Exposure to clastogenic agents such as heavy metals, ionizing radiation (IR), and chemotherapy drugs may cause chronic mutations in the genomic material, leading to a phenomenon named genomic instability. Evidence suggests that genomic instability is responsible for cancer incidence after exposure to carcinogenic agents, and increases the risk of secondary cancers following treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Melatonin as the main product of the pineal gland is a promising hormone for preventing cancer and improving cancer treatment. Melatonin can directly neutralize toxic free radicals more efficiently compared with other classical antioxidants. In addition, melatonin is able to regulate the reduction/oxidation (redox) system in stress conditions. Through regulation of mitochondrial nction and inhibition of pro-oxidant enzymes, melatonin suppresses chronic oxidative stress. Moreover, melatonin potently stimulates DNA damage responses that increase the tolerance of normal tissues to toxic effect of IR and may reduce the risk of genomic instability in patients who undergo radiotherapy. Through these mechanisms, melatonin attenuates several side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Interestingly, melatonin has shown some synergistic properties with IR and chemotherapy, which is distinct from classical antioxidants that are mainly used for the alleviation of adverse events of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this review, we describe the anticarcinogenic effects of melatonin and also its possible application in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Neda Khanlarkhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wei Y, Chen L, Xu H, Xie C, Zhou Y, Zhou F. Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Regulated Radioresistance through Mitochondria-to-Nucleus Retrograde Signaling Pathway of NF-κB/PI3K/AKT2/mTOR. Radiat Res 2018; 190:204-215. [PMID: 29863983 DOI: 10.1667/rr15021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between significantly different genes of the mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling pathway (RTG) in H1299 ρ0 cells (mtDNA depleted cell) and compared their radiosensitivity to that of parental ρ+ cells, to determine the possible intervention targets of radiosensitization. ρ0 cells were depleted of mitochondrial DNA by chronic culturing in ethidium bromide at low concentration. Radiosensitivity was analyzed using clonogenic assay. Western blot was used to analyze the cell cycle-related proteins, serine/threonine kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutant (ATM), ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) and cyclin B1 (CCNB1). The γ-H2AX foci were detected using confocal fluorescence microscopy. RNA samples were hybridized using the Agilent human genome expression microarray. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used for Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium and pathway annotations of differentially expressed genes, respectively. The H1299 ρ0 cells were found to be more radioresistant than ρ+ cells. The ATP production of H1299 ρ0 cells was lower than that of the ρ+ cells before or after irradiation. Both H1299 ρ0 and ρ+ cells had higher ROS levels after irradiation, however, the radiation-induced ROS production in ρ0 cells was significantly lower than in ρ+ cells. In addition, the percentage of apoptosis in H1299 ρ0 cells was lower than in ρ+ cells after 6 Gy irradiation. As for the cell cycle and DNA damage response-related proteins ATM, ATR and CCNB1, the expression levels in ρ0 cells were significantly higher than in ρ+ cells, and there were less γ-H2AX foci in the ρ0 than ρ+ cells after irradiation. Furthermore, the results of the human genome expression microarray demonstrated that the phosphorylated protein levels of the NF-κB/PI3K/AKT2/mTOR signaling pathway were increased after 6 Gy irradiation and were decreased after treatment with the AKT2-specific inhibitor MK-2206 combined with radiation in H1299 ρ0 cells. MK-2206 treatment also led to an increase in pro-apoptotic proteins. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that mtDNA depletion might activate the mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling pathway of NF-κB/PI3K/AKT2/mTOR and induce radioresistance in H1299 ρ0 cells by evoking mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Wei
- a Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology.,b Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors.,d Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- a Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology.,b Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors.,c Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,d Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hui Xu
- a Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology.,b Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors.,c Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- a Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology.,b Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors.,c Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- a Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology.,b Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors.,c Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- a Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology.,b Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors.,c Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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