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Sai L, Cheng J, Shang S, Fu G, Verschuere B. Does deception involve more cognitive control than truth-telling? Meta-analyses of N2 and MFN ERP studies. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14333. [PMID: 37194343 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of psychological theories propose that deception involves more cognitive control than truth-telling. Over the last decades, event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used to unravel this question, but the findings are mixed. To address this controversy, two meta-analyses were conducted to quantify the results of existing studies reporting N2 or medial frontal negativity (MFN) associated with deception. In total, 32 papers consisting of 1091 participants were included, which yielded 32 effect sizes for N2 and 7 effect sizes for MFN. We found that deception was associated with a more negative N2 and MFN than truth-telling with medium and large effect sizes (r = .25 and .51, respectively). We also found that the deception paradigm modulated the results (p = .043), but found no evidence for publication bias. Our findings indicate that deception involves more cognitive control than truth-telling. Our review also identifies gaps in this literature, including a need for more ERP studies using spontaneous deception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Sai
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Cheng
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Shang
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Genyue Fu
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bruno Verschuere
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Mai X. 欺骗的认知神经网络模型. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hein FE, Leue A. Concealing Untrustworthiness: The Role of Conflict Monitoring in a Social Deception Task. Front Psychol 2021; 12:718334. [PMID: 34489824 PMCID: PMC8417705 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deception studies emphasize the important role of event-related potentials (ERPs) to uncover deceptive behavior based on underlying neuro-cognitive processes. The role of conflict monitoring as indicated by the frontal N2 component during truthful and deceptive responses was investigated in an adapted Concealed Information Test (CIT). Previously memorized pictures of faces should either be indicated as truthfully trustworthy, truthfully untrustworthy or trustworthy while concealing the actual untrustworthiness (untrustworthy-probe). Mean, baseline-to-peak and peak-to-peak amplitudes were calculated to examine the robustness of ERP findings across varying quantification techniques. Data of 30 participants (15 female; age: M = 23.73 years, SD = 4.09) revealed longer response times and lower correct rates for deceptive compared to truthful trustworthy responses. The frontal N2 amplitude was more negative for untrustworthy-probe and truthful untrustworthy compared to truthful trustworthy stimuli when measured as mean or baseline-to-peak amplitude. Results suggest that deception evokes conflict monitoring and ERP quantifications are differentially sensitive to a-priori hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee-Elisabeth Hein
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Leue
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Yuan J, Song Z, Hu Y, Fu H, Liu X, Bian J. Electrophysiological Correlates of Processing Warning Signs With Different Background Colors: An Event-Related Potentials Investigation. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648871. [PMID: 33959078 PMCID: PMC8093406 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Warning signs, as a type of safety signs, are widely applied in our daily lives to informing people about potential hazards and prompting safe behavior. Although previous studies have paid attention to the color of warning signs, they are mostly based on surveys and behavioral experiments. The neural substrates underlying the perception of warning signs with different background colors remain not clearly characterized. Therefore, this research is intended to address this gap with event-related potentials (ERPs) technique. Warning signs with three different background colors (i.e., white, yellow, and blue) were used in the experiment. The results showed that the perceptual differences between different warning signs were present in the form of differential ERPs components (P1, N1, P2, N2, and P3) though subjects were not required to explicitly attend to the warning signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Yuan
- Zhejiang Zheshang Engineering Service of Equipment Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Economic Construction Investment Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Song
- Department of Traffic Information, Zhejiang Expressway Information Engineering and Technology Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China.,ZEIET Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Zhejiang State-owned Capital Operation Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijian Fu
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Zhejiang Zheshang Engineering Service of Equipment Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Bian
- Department of Traffic Information, Zhejiang Expressway Information Engineering and Technology Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China.,ZEIET Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bian J, Fu H, Jin J. Are We Sensitive to Different Types of Safety Signs? Evidence from ERPs. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:495-505. [PMID: 32581609 PMCID: PMC7279717 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s248947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Safety signs are widely used to deliver safety-related information. There are many different types of safety signs. Although previous studies have paid attention to the design and effectiveness of safety signs, little attention has been devoted to investigating how people process the information conveyed by different types of safety signs. Accordingly, the current study is intended to explore the neural mechanisms underlying people’s perception of different types of safety signs. Methods Three types of safety signs (prohibition, mandatory and warning signs) were used in the study. We employed questionnaire and event-related potentials (ERPs) experiment with an implicit paradigm to probe how people perceive these three types of safety signs. Results Behaviorally, warning signs induced a higher level of perceived hazard than prohibition signs and mandatory signs, and prohibition signs induced a higher level of perceived hazard than mandatory signs. At the brain level, prohibition signs and warning signs led to reduced P2 amplitudes compared to mandatory signs. In addition, warning signs elicited larger N2 and N4 amplitudes than prohibition signs and mandatory signs, and prohibition signs elicited larger N2 and N4 amplitudes than mandatory signs, coinciding with the behavioral results. Conclusion Different types of safety signs led to significant differences in individuals’ hazard perception. Based on the neural results, we suggest that the processing of safety signs consists of two stages: the rapid detection of hazard information (indicated by P2) and the conscious integration of hazard information in working memory (indicated by N2 and N4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bian
- Department of Traffic Information, Zhejiang Expressway Information Engineering Technology CO., LTD, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,ZEIET Research Institute, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijian Fu
- Department of Electronic Commerce, School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Jin
- Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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When does the discount look more attractive: neural correlates of discount framing effect in the purchase of bundles. Neuroreport 2019; 30:718-724. [PMID: 31045848 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bundling, as a common selling strategy, is often used along with a price discount. However, relatively little is known about the neural correlates of discount framing effect in the bundling context. In the current study, we recorded event-related potentials while participants were performing a virtual shopping task in which they had to decide whether or not to buy bundles. Each bundle consisted of a relatively high-priced product and a relatively low-priced product, and three discount frames with practically identical total prices were devised for each bundle. The price reduction was described either as a discount on the individual component [discount on the high-priced product (DH); discount on the low-priced product (DL)] or on the overall bundle (DB). Behavioral data showed that DH and DB led to higher purchase rate than DL. Electrophysiological data revealed increased P300 amplitudes for DH and DB relative to DL, which was suggestive of the cognitive process of evaluative categorization. In addition, attenuated LPP amplitudes were observed for DH and DL compared with DB, indicating higher cognitive load for DH and DL. Overall, these results demonstrate the discount framing effect in the purchase of bundles and the potential neural correlates of this effect.
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Fu H, Qiu W, Ma H, Ma Q. Correction: Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying deceptive hazard evaluation: An event-related potentials investigation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213604. [PMID: 30835767 PMCID: PMC6400369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wang C, Li Y, Luo X, Ma Q, Fu W, Fu H. The Effects of Money on Fake Rating Behavior in E-Commerce: Electrophysiological Time Course Evidence From Consumers. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:156. [PMID: 29615851 PMCID: PMC5867349 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Online ratings impose significant effects on the behaviors of potential customers. Thus, online merchants try to adopt strategies that affect this rating behavior, and most of these strategies are connected to money, such as the strategies of returning cash coupons if a consumer gives a five-star rating (RI strategy, an acronym for “returning” and “if”) or returning cash coupons directly with no additional requirements (RN strategy, an acronym for “returning” and “no”). The current study explored whether a certain strategy (RN or RI) was more likely to give rise to false rating behaviors, as assessed by event-related potentials. A two-stimulus paradigm was used in this experiment. The first stimulus (S1) was the picture of a product with four Chinese characters that reflected the product quality (slightly defective vs. seriously defective vs. not defective), and the second stimulus (S2) displayed the coupon strategy (RN or RI). The participants were asked to decide whether or not to give a five-star rating. The behavioral results showed that the RI strategy led to a higher rate of five-star ratings than the RN strategy. For the electrophysiological time courses, the N1, N2, and LPP components were evaluated. The slightly defective products elicited a larger amplitude of the N1 component than the seriously defective and not-defective products, reflecting that perceptual difficulty was associated with the processing of the slightly defective products. The RI strategy evoked a less negative N2 and a more positive LPP than the RN strategy, indicating that the subjects perceived less conflict and experienced stronger incentives when processing the RI strategy. These findings will benefit future studies of fake online comments and provide evidence supporting the policy of forbidding the use of the RI strategy in e-commerce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-Making, Hefei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-Making, Hefei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-Making, Hefei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Neural Management Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weizhong Fu
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-Making, Hefei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Huijian Fu
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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