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Smith ZH, Martin RA, Casto E, Bigelow C, Busa MA, Kent JA. Muscle Torque-Velocity Relationships and Fatigue With Reduced Knee Joint Range of Motion in Young and Older Adults. J Appl Biomech 2024; 40:261-269. [PMID: 38663850 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2023-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of knee joint range of motion (RoM) on the torque-velocity relationship and fatigue in the knee extensor muscles of 7 young (median = 26 y) and 7 older (68 y) adults. Each leg was assigned a RoM (35° or 75°) over which to perform a torque-velocity protocol (maximal isokinetic contractions, 60-300°·s-1) and a fatigue protocol (120 maximal contractions at 120°·s-1, 0.5 Hz). Six older participants were unable to reach 300°·s-1 over 35°. Therefore, the velocity eliciting 75% of peak torque at 60°·s-1 (V75, °·s-1) was calculated for each RoM from a fit of individual torque-velocity curves (60-240°·s-1), and ΔV75 (35°-75°) was determined. Fatigue (final torque/initial torque) was used to calculate Δfatigue (35°-75°). ΔV75 was not different from 0 in young (-28.3°·s-1 [-158.6 to 55.7], median [range], P = .091) or older (-18.5°·s-1 [-95.0 to 23.9], P = .128), with no difference by age (P = .710). In contrast, fatigue was greater for 75° in young (Δfatigue = 25.9% [17.5-30.3], P = .018) and older (17.2% [11.9-52.9], P = .018), with no effect of age (P = .710). These data indicate that, regardless of age, RoM did not alter the torque-velocity relationship between 60 and 240°·s-1, and fatigue was greater with a larger RoM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe H Smith
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - R Anthony Martin
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Erica Casto
- Center for Human Health and Performance, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Carol Bigelow
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Busa
- Center for Human Health and Performance, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jane A Kent
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Zarzissi S, Zghal F, Bouchiba M, Rebai H, Fekih N, Bouzid MA. Delayed neuromuscular fatigue recovery unveils reduced fatigue tolerance in elderly following maximal intermittent exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05499-y. [PMID: 38758411 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of aging on neuromuscular fatigue and recovery. Ten young (23.08 ± 1.43 years) and older (61.19 ± 1.80 years) males performed an intermittent maximal isometric exercise with the knee extensors followed by 27 min of recovery. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), total work (W'), voluntary activation (VA), potentiated resting twitch (Ptw), and electromyography (EMG) were recorded and then analyzed. Peripheral and central fatigue following exercise were lower in old compared to young (- 29.99% vs. - 42.68% and - 14.55 vs. - 20.02%; P < 0.05, respectively). Despite old performing 50% less work, RMS/Mmax reduction was similar between old and young (- 26.46% vs. - 29.93%; P > 0.05, respectively). During the recovery period, our results showed that recovery of the MVC was impaired for old (14.93% for old vs. 30.66% for young) and still incomplete until 27 min.VA increased significantly compared to post exercise after 1 min only for young (P = 0.001), potentially affecting the recovery pattern of MVC during the early phase due to their significant correlation (r2 = 0.58, P = 0.01). Peripheral fatigue recovery was also lower for old (11.18% vs. 18.72%; P < 0.001), and both groups failed to recover their baseline value (both P < 0.005). The lower peripheral and central fatigue observed in elderly following exercise appears for the first instance as a fatigue resistance. However, the delayed neuromuscular recovery reveals instead a reduced fatigue tolerance reflecting age-related alteration within contractile properties and/or within central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Zarzissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S) Laboratory, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Firas Zghal
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S) Laboratory, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mustapha Bouchiba
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S) Laboratory, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), (CNMSS-LR09SEP01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Fekih
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S) Laboratory, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S) Laboratory, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax, Tunisia
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Kwon Y, Chilton LK, Kim H, Franz JR. The effect of prolonged walking on leg muscle activity patterns and vulnerability to perturbations. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2023; 73:102836. [PMID: 37979335 PMCID: PMC10842795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the consequences and ecological relevance of muscle fatigue is important to guide the development of strategies to preserve independence. However, few studies have examined walking-related fatigue and the effects on walking instability. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of prolonged walking on leg muscle activity and vulnerability to balance perturbations. Eighteen healthy young adults completed a 30-min walking trial at their preferred walking speed while leg muscle activities were recorded. Before and after the 30-min walk, participants responded to five 5% body weight lateral force perturbations. Time-frequency analysis with wavelet transformation and principal component analyses assessed neuromuscular adaptations of muscles to prolonged walking. Following prolonged walking, we observed a time-dependent increase in EMG intensities at slower frequencies for the soleus and tibialis anterior and a decrease in mean amplitudes for the soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, and semitendinosus. Mean mediolateral CoM displacement following perturbations averaged 21% larger after the 30-min walk. Our results suggest that walking for 30 min at a comfortable speed elicits complex neuromuscular adaptations indicative of local muscle fatigue and an increased vulnerability to walking balance perturbations. These findings could inform fatigue monitoring systems or walking assistive devices aimed at reducing walking-related fatigue and maintaining independent mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Lillian K Chilton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea; Department of Software Convergence, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Jason R Franz
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Harper SA, Thompson BJ. Interaction between age and fatigue on antagonist muscle coactivation during an acute post-fatigue recovery phase. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1005080. [PMID: 36263146 PMCID: PMC9574075 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1005080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the age-related changes in antagonist muscle coactivation of the biceps femoris (BF) during an acute recovery period following a leg extensor fatiguing protocol. Twenty-three young (mean ± SD: age = 25.1 ± 3.0 years) and twenty-three old men (age = 71.5 ± 3.9 years) participated. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded from the BF muscles for antagonist muscle coactivation. Testing involved participants performing leg extension isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and isokinetic MVCs at 240°·s-1 at baseline (Pre) and again after the fatigue protocol at 0 (Post0), 7 (Post7), 15 (Post15), and 30 (Post30) minutes post fatigue. Root mean square (RMS) values were computed from the BF sEMG and were calculated as the first 200 ms from onset for the isometric (IsomCoact200ms) and dynamic isokinetic 240°·s-1 (DynCoact200ms) MVCs, and for the final 10° of the leg extension (DynCoact10°) on the isokinetic 240°·s-1 MVCs. Two-way ANOVAs [age group (young vs. old) × time (Pre vs. Post0 vs. Post7 vs. Post15 vs. Post30)] showed that DynCoact200ms had an effect for time (p = 0.018), with greater antagonist coactivation in Pre than Post0 (p = 0.009) and recovering by Post7 (p = 0.011) with no group differences. DynCoact10° had no age × time interaction (p = 0.070), but had a main effect for time (p = 0.020) with the Post0 being lower than the Pre. However, for this variable the young group showed a more severe Pre to Post0 fatigue decline (-45.9%) than the old group (-6.7%) indicating this may be a more sensitive variable for capturing age-related antagonist coactivation post-fatigue responses. Leg extensor fatigue affects some BF coactivation sEMG variables more than others, and any altered post-fatigue coactivation response recovers rapidly (<7 min) from baseline levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Harper
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Dennis Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Brennan J. Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Dennis Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,*Correspondence: Brennan J. Thompson,
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Qiao Y(S, Harezlak J, Moored KD, Urbanek JK, Boudreau RM, Toto P, Hawkins M, Santanasto AJ, Schrack JA, Simonsick EM, Glynn NW. Development of a Novel Accelerometry-Based Performance Fatigability Measure for Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1782-1793. [PMID: 35763596 PMCID: PMC9481701 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Efforts to study performance fatigability have been limited because of measurement constrains. Accelerometry and advanced statistical methods may enable us to quantify performance fatigability more granularly via objective detection of performance decline. Thus, we developed the Pittsburgh Performance Fatigability Index (PPFI) using triaxial raw accelerations from wrist-worn accelerometer from two in-laboratory 400-m walks. METHODS Sixty-three older adults from our cross-sectional study (mean age, 78 yr; 56% women; 88% White) completed fast-paced ( n = 59) and/or usual-paced 400-m walks ( n = 56) with valid accelerometer data. Participants wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers (The ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL) on nondominant wrist during the walking task. Triaxial raw accelerations from accelerometers were used to compute PPFI, which quantifies percentage of area under the observed gait cadence-versus-time trajectory during a 400-m walk to a hypothetical area that would be produced if the participant sustained maximal cadence throughout the entire walk. RESULTS Higher PPFI scores (higher score = greater fatigability) correlated with worse physical function, slower chair stands speed and gait speed, worse cardiorespiratory fitness and mobility, and lower leg peak power (| ρ | = 0.36-0.61 from fast-paced and | ρ | = 0.28-0.67 from usual-paced walks, all P < 0.05). PPFI scores from both walks remained associated with chair stands speed, gait speed, fitness, and mobility, after adjustment for sex, age, race, weight, height, and smoking status; PPFI scores from the fast-paced walk were associated with leg peak power. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that the objective PPFI is a sensitive measure of performance fatigability for older adults and can serve as a risk assessment tool or outcome measure in future studies and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia (Susanna) Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Kyle D. Moored
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Jacek K. Urbanek
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert M. Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Pamela Toto
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Marquis Hawkins
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Adam J. Santanasto
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Jennifer A. Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Nancy W. Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA
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Wechsler S, Kneiss J, Adams B, Wood Magee LJ. Persistent cancer-related fatigue after breast cancer treatment predicts postural sway and post-exertional changes in sit-to-stand strategy. REHABILITATION ONCOLOGY 2022; 40:162-171. [PMID: 36212795 PMCID: PMC9534381 DOI: 10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is considered a primary mechanism of imbalance among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Recent evidence, however, suggests that cancer-related fatigue (CRF) may also influence balance. Purpose Examine the contributions of CRF and CIPN to static and dynamic balance before and after a period of fatiguing exercise. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data examining functional differences between women with breast cancer with and without persistent CRF. Postural sway was measured during static standing and the rising phase of an instrumented sit-to-stand (ISTS) before and after exercise. Regression analyses were performed to determine how CRF and severity of CIPN predicted sway and how much variance was attributable to each. Results Greater CRF predicted increased pre-, p=.04, and post-exertional, p=.02, static sway in the anterior-posterior plane. CRF accounted for 10.5% and 9.5% of the variance in pre- and post-exertional sway (respectively) compared to the 0.9% and 1.4% accounted for by CIPN severity which was not a significant predictor. After exercise, greater CRF predicted smaller, more conservative, anterior weight shifting during the ISTS, p=.01, and accounted for 6.6% of the variance in sway compared to 3% attributed to CIPN which was not a significant predictor. Limitations This analysis is limited by its small and demographically homogenous sample. Conclusions These results suggest that CRF may influence balance independent of CIPN symptoms. While CIPN remains a risk factor for imbalance in this population, CRF warrants consideration in clinical practice and research as a mechanism of postural instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wechsler
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, 36 1 Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | | | - Benjamin Adams
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, 36 1 Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Lisa J Wood Magee
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill MA 02647
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Modeling and Validation of Fatigue and Recovery of Muscles for Manual Demolition Tasks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020930. [PMID: 35055755 PMCID: PMC8775642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Manual demolition tasks are heavy, physically demanding tasks that could cause muscle fatigue accumulation and lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Fatigue and recovery models of muscles are essential in understanding the accumulation and the reduction in muscle fatigue for forceful exertion tasks. This study aims to explore the onset of muscle fatigue under different work/rest arrangements during manual demolition tasks and the offset of fatigue over time after the tasks were performed. An experiment, including a muscle fatigue test and a muscle fatigue recovery test, was performed. Seventeen male adults without experience in demolition hammer operation were recruited as human participants. Two demolition hammers (large and small) were adopted. The push force was either 20 or 40 N. The posture mimicked that of a demolition task on a wall. In the muscle fatigue test, the muscle strength (MS) before and after the demolition task, maximum endurance time (MET), and the Borg category-ratio-10 (CR-10) ratings of perceived exertion after the demolition task were measured. In the muscle fatigue recovery test, MS and CR-10 at times 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 min were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the influence of push force and the weight of the tool on MS, MET, and CR-10. Both muscle fatigue models and muscle fatigue recovery models were established and validated. The results showed that push force affected MET significantly (p < 0.05). The weight of the tool was significant (p < 0.05) only on the CR-10 rating after the first pull. During the muscle fatigue recovery test, the MS increase and the CR-10 decrease were both significant (p < 0.05) after one or more breaks. Models of MET and MS prediction were established to assess muscle fatigue recovery, respectively. The absolute (AD) and relative (RD) deviations of the MET model were 1.83 (±1.94) min and 34.80 (±31.48)%, respectively. The AD and RD of the MS model were 1.39 (±0.81) N and 1.9 (±1.2)%, respectively. These models are capable of predicting the progress and recovery of muscle fatigue, respectively, and may be adopted in work/rest arrangements for novice workers performing demolition tasks.
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Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, Brandão-Loureiro V, Jiménez-García JD, Castellote-Caballero Y, Hita-Contreras F. Qigong for Muscle Strength and Static Postural Control in Middle-Aged and Older Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:784320. [PMID: 34957157 PMCID: PMC8692287 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.784320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of a Qigong exercise program on the muscle strength and postural control in middle-aged and older postmenopausal women. This is a randomized clinical trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03989453) conducted on 125 women who were initially assigned to either an experimental group (n = 63) that performed a Qigong exercise program for 12 weeks or to a control group (n = 62) that did not receive any intervention. Muscle strength (dynamometer) and postural control (stabilometric platform) were evaluated before and immediately after an intervention period. The main findings of this study suggest that the women in the experimental group had improvements in muscle strength, mean velocity of the displacement of the center of pressure (CoP) with both eyes open and closed, and the surface sway area covered by the CoP, as well as the mediolateral and anteroposterior oscillations of the CoP, only with eyes open. The results of the present study determined that a 12 week Qigong exercise program has beneficial effects on muscle strength and postural control of middle-aged and older postmenopausal Spanish women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Amat
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Jo D, Bilodeau M. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in studies of fatigue-induced postural control alterations in healthy adults: Scoping review of quantitative evidence. Gait Posture 2021; 90:167-178. [PMID: 34492503 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amongst the literature researching the effects of exercise-induced fatigue on postural control in healthy adults, many studies have used the Borg scales to document the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and have shown a broad range of RPE values. Our main aim was to map fatigue-induced RPE values in included publications. Secondary aims were to summarize the preference and purpose for the use of Borg scales within the included publications and to explore the potential associations between fatigue-induced RPE values and postural control changes. METHODS Five databases (Ovid Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched for synthesizing data among the publications that reported RPE values on the Borg RPE- and Category-Ratio (CR) 10 scales and also found fatigue effects on postural control in healthy adults. Spearman's rank correlations were conducted to assess potential associations between fatigue-induced RPE values and maximal postural control changes across the included publications (group data). RESULTS 45 of 51 studies included in this review reported maximal RPE values following exercise and ranged from 10.4-20 (6-20 Borg RPE) or 0.9-10 (CR10) indicating "very light" or "very weak" to "maximal" exertions. The 6-20 Borg and CR10 scales were mainly used to assess cardiovascular and muscular exertion, respectively. The scales were used mostly to estimate fatigue levels (n = 45), and to a lesser extent to produce a specific exercise intensity (n = 5) and as the criterion for exercise termination (n = 1). In general, there was no significant association between RPE and postural control changes across studies. CONCLUSION The broad range of RPE values and weak correlations may suggest that various fatigue levels can lead to postural control changes. However, one should be careful in comparing the extent of fatigue from RPE values and its potential effect on postural control in the light of many confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donguk Jo
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research Institute, 43 Bruyère St, Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada.
| | - Martin Bilodeau
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research Institute, 43 Bruyère St, Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada.
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The Acute Effects of Fast-Paced Walking on Isometric Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development in Regularly Exercising and Inactive Older Women. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:397-403. [PMID: 34510023 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the acute effects of fast-paced walking on isometric peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD) in regular exercising and inactive older women. Ten regular exercising (67 ± 4 years) and 10 inactive (68 ± 4 years) older women performed three isometric knee extension contractions before and after a control condition (quiet resting) and an experimental condition of fast-paced walking for 6 min. Peak torque and early (RTD100), late (RTD200), and maximum (peak RTD) RTD measurements were obtained from each contraction. Results showed no significant changes in peak torque, peak RTD, or RTD200 after walking for either group (p > .050). A significant decrease in RTD100 was observed after walking for the inactive group (p = .005) but not for the regular exercisers (p = .909). These findings highlight the importance of physical activity and suggest that a task as simple as walking may impair the rapid strength capacities of inactive older women.
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Hill MW, Hosseini EA, McLellan A, Price MJ, Lord SR, Kay AD. Delayed Impairment of Postural, Physical, and Muscular Functions Following Downhill Compared to Level Walking in Older People. Front Physiol 2020; 11:544559. [PMID: 33192547 PMCID: PMC7609421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.544559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient symptoms of muscle damage emanating from unaccustomed eccentric exercise can adversely affect muscle function and potentially increase the risk of falling for several days. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate the shorter- and longer-lasting temporal characteristics of muscle fatigue and damage induced by level (i.e., concentrically biased contractions) or downhill (i.e., eccentrically biased contractions) walking on postural, physical, and muscular functions in older people. Nineteen participants were matched in pairs for sex, age and self-selected walking speed and allocated to a level (n = 10, age = 72.3 ± 2.9 years) or downhill (n = 9, age = 72.1 ± 2.2 years) walking group. Postural sway, muscle torque and power, physical function (5× and 60 s sit-to-stand; STS), and mobility (Timed-Up-and-Go; TUG) were evaluated at baseline (pre-exercise), 1 min, 15 min, 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h after 30 min of level (0% gradient) or downhill (−10% gradient) walking on a treadmill. Following downhill walking, postural sway (+66 to 256%), TUG (+29%), 60 s STS (+29%), five times STS (−25%) and concentric power (−33%) did not change at 1–30 min post exercise, but were significantly different (p < 0.05) at 24 and48 h post-exercise when compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Muscle torque decreased immediately after downhill walking and remained impaired at 48 h post-exercise (−27 to −38%). Immediately following level walking there was an increase in postural sway (+52 to +98%), slower TUG performance (+29%), fewer STS cycles in 60 s (−23%), slower time to reach five STS cycles (+20%) and impaired muscle torque (−23%) and power (−19%) which returned to baseline 30-min after exercise cessation (p > 0.05). These findings have established for the first time distinct impairment profiles between concentric and eccentric exercise. Muscle damage emanating from eccentrically biased exercise can lead to muscle weakness, postural instability and impaired physical function persisting for several days, possibly endangering older adult’s safety during activities of daily living by increasing the risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew William Hill
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Edyah-Ariella Hosseini
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Abbie McLellan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Michael James Price
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Ronald Lord
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony David Kay
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
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Reimann H, Ramadan R, Fettrow T, Hafer JF, Geyer H, Jeka JJ. Interactions Between Different Age-Related Factors Affecting Balance Control in Walking. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:94. [PMID: 33345085 PMCID: PMC7739654 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining balance during walking is a continuous sensorimotor control problem. Throughout the movement, the central nervous system has to collect sensory data about the current state of the body in space, use this information to detect possible threats to balance and adapt the movement pattern to ensure stability. Failure of this sensorimotor loop can lead to dire consequences in the form of falls, injury and death. Such failures tend to become more prevalent as people get older. While research has established a number of factors associated with higher risk of falls, we know relatively little about age-related changes of the underlying sensorimotor control loop and how such changes are related to empirically established risk factors. This paper approaches the problem of age-related fall risk from a neural control perspective. We begin by summarizing recent empirical findings about the neural control laws mapping sensory input to motor output for balance control during walking. These findings were established in young, neurotypical study populations and establish a baseline of sensorimotor control of balance. We then review correlates for deteriorating balance control in older adults, of muscle weakness, slow walking, cognitive decline, and increased visual dependency. While empirical associations between these factors and fall risk have been established reasonably well, we know relatively little about the underlying causal relationships. Establishing such causal relationships is hard, because the different factors all co-vary with age and are difficult to isolate empirically. One option to analyze the role of an individual factor for balance control is to use computational models of walking comprising all levels of the sensorimotor control loop. We introduce one such model that generates walking movement patterns from a short list of spinal reflex modules with limited supraspinal modulation for balance. We show how this model can be used to simulate empirical studies, and how comparison between the model and empirical results can indicate gaps in our current understanding of balance control. We also show how different aspects of aging can be added to this model to study their effect on balance control in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Reimann
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Rachid Ramadan
- Institute for Neural Computation, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tyler Fettrow
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jocelyn F. Hafer
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Hartmut Geyer
- Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John J. Jeka
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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Hafer JF, Boyer KA. Comparisons of Knee Extensor Functional Demand During Gait by Age, Physical Activity Level, and the Impact of Acute Exercise and Walking Speed. J Appl Biomech 2020; 36:163-170. [PMID: 32335528 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2019-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The link between age-related changes in muscle strength and gait is unclear. We tested if knee extensor functional demand differs by age and physical activity status and if functional demand increases with walking speed or after exercise. Gait and knee extensor muscle torque were collected from young adults and highly and less active older adults before and after treadmill walking. Functional demand was the ratio of knee moments during gait to knee extensor muscle torques estimated from participant-specific torque-velocity curves. Functional demand at the peak knee flexion moment was greater in less active older adults than young adults (29.3% [14.3%] vs 24.6% [12.1%]) and increased with walking speed (32.0% [13.9%] vs 22.8% [10.4%]). Functional demand at both knee extension moments increased ∼2% to 3% after exercise. The low functional demand found in this study suggests that healthy adults maintain a reserve of knee extensor strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn F Hafer
- University of Delaware
- University of Michigan
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Katherine A Boyer
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- University of Massachusetts Medical School
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14
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Age-related neuromuscular fatigue and recovery after cycling: Measurements in isometric and dynamic modes. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Older females experience higher rates of disability than males, potentially due to sex-specific differences in gait and muscle function. The authors evaluated the effects of age and physical activity (PA) on gait mechanics and knee extensor muscle function in males and females. Three groups of 20 individuals (each 10 females) participated: young (21-35 y) and highly and less active older (55-70 y) adults. Knee extensor strength and joint mechanics during preferred speed gait were collected before and after 30 minutes of walking. Age by sex and PA by sex interactions indicated older and less active older females had lower concentric knee extensor muscle power and larger hip extension moments than males. After 30 minutes of walking, older less active adults had larger decreases in knee extensor power than their highly active older counterparts, and older adults of both sexes had decreases in ankle dorsiflexion moments while young adults did not. These results suggest that older, particularly less active, adults are susceptible to knee extensor muscle fatigue from moderate activity. For older adults, high levels of PA may be necessary to preserve gait mechanics in response to a bout of exercise. This new information may be important for targeting interventions in at-risk older adults.
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Sundberg CW, Prost RW, Fitts RH, Hunter SK. Bioenergetic basis for the increased fatigability with ageing. J Physiol 2019; 597:4943-4957. [PMID: 31018011 DOI: 10.1113/jp277803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The mechanisms for the age-related increase in fatigability during dynamic exercise remain elusive. We tested whether age-related impairments in muscle oxidative capacity would result in a greater accumulation of fatigue causing metabolites, inorganic phosphate (Pi ), hydrogen (H+ ) and diprotonated phosphate (H2 PO4 - ), in the muscle of old compared to young adults during a dynamic knee extension exercise. The age-related increase in fatigability (reduction in mechanical power) of the knee extensors was closely associated with a greater accumulation of metabolites within the working muscle but could not be explained by age-related differences in muscle oxidative capacity. These data suggest that the increased fatigability in old adults during dynamic exercise is primarily determined by age-related impairments in skeletal muscle bioenergetics that result in a greater accumulation of metabolites. ABSTRACT The present study aimed to determine whether the increased fatigability in old adults during dynamic exercise is associated with age-related differences in skeletal muscle bioenergetics. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to quantify concentrations of high-energy phosphates and pH in the knee extensors of seven young (22.7 ± 1.2 years; six women) and eight old adults (76.4 ± 6.0 years; seven women). Muscle oxidative capacity was measured from the phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery kinetics following a 24 s maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The fatiguing exercise consisted of 120 maximal velocity contractions (one contraction per 2 s) against a load equivalent to 20% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The PCr recovery kinetics did not differ between young and old adults (0.023 ± 0.007 s-1 vs. 0.019 ± 0.004 s-1 , respectively). Fatigability (reductions in mechanical power) of the knee extensors was ∼1.8-fold greater with age and was accompanied by a greater decrease in pH (young = 6.73 ± 0.09, old = 6.61 ± 0.04) and increases in concentrations of inorganic phosphate, [Pi ], (young = 22.7 ± 4.8 mm, old = 32.3 ± 3.6 mm) and diprotonated phosphate, [H2 PO4 - ], (young = 11.7 ± 3.6 mm, old = 18.6 ± 2.1 mm) at the end of the exercise in old compared to young adults. The age-related increase in power loss during the fatiguing exercise was strongly associated with intracellular pH (r = -0.837), [Pi ] (r = 0.917) and [H2 PO4 - ] (r = 0.930) at the end of the exercise. These data suggest that the age-related increase in fatigability during dynamic exercise has a bioenergetic basis and is explained by an increased accumulation of metabolites within the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Sundberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert W Prost
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert H Fitts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sandra K Hunter
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Hafer JF, Boyer KA. Age related differences in segment coordination and its variability during gait. Gait Posture 2018; 62:92-98. [PMID: 29544156 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with a loss of mobility and altered gait mechanics. Loss of function and mobility may be due to or exacerbated by low levels of physical activity in the aged. The mechanisms linking age-related changes in physiology, altered mobility and gait may be elucidated by examining movement coordination and coordination variability. RESEARCH QUESTION The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of age and habitual physical activity level on segment coordination and coordination variability during gait. METHODS A modified vector coding technique was used to calculate segment coordination and coordination variability during treadmill gait for three groups of healthy adults: young (21-35 years), older highly active (55-70 years), and older less active (55-70 years). Segment couples of interest included those whose coordination could contribute to typical age-related changes in gait mechanics at the hip, knee, and ankle. RESULTS Differences in coordination and its variability occurred mainly during terminal swing and midstance and in couples across the hip and ankle. Across the hip, coordination differed between older highly active adults and the other cohorts, while variability was higher in young compared to all older adults. Across the ankle, young adults displayed different coordination and greater variability than all older adults except for the sagittal couple in midstance, where older highly active adults had greater coordination variability than the other cohorts. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that older adults, independent of habitual physical activity, may use a different strategy to control hip and ankle motion during periods of single-limb stance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn F Hafer
- Musculoskeletal and Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States.
| | - Katherine A Boyer
- Musculoskeletal and Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States
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Sundberg CW, Kuplic A, Hassanlouei H, Hunter SK. Mechanisms for the age-related increase in fatigability of the knee extensors in old and very old adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:146-158. [PMID: 29494293 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01141.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms for the age-related increase in fatigability during high-velocity contractions in old and very old adults (≥80 yr) are unresolved. Moreover, whether the increased fatigability with advancing age and the underlying mechanisms differ between men and women is not known. The purpose of this study was to quantify the fatigability of knee extensor muscles and identify the mechanisms of fatigue in 30 young (22.6 ± 0.4 yr; 15 men), 62 old (70.5 ± 0.7 yr; 33 men), and 12 very old (86.0 ± 1.3 yr; 6 men) men and women elicited by high-velocity concentric contractions. Participants performed 80 maximal velocity contractions (1 contraction per 3 s) with a load equivalent to 20% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Voluntary activation and contractile properties were quantified before and immediately following exercise (<10 s) using transcranial magnetic stimulation and electrical stimulation. Absolute mechanical power output was 97 and 217% higher in the young compared with old and very old adults, respectively. Fatigability (reductions in power) progressively increased across age groups, with a power loss of 17% in young, 31% in old, and 44% in very old adults. There were no sex differences in fatigability among any of the age groups. The age-related increase in power loss was strongly associated with changes in the involuntary twitch amplitude ( r = 0.75, P < 0.001). These data suggest that the age-related increased power loss during high-velocity fatiguing exercise is unaffected by biological sex and determined primarily by mechanisms that disrupt excitation contraction coupling and/or cross-bridge function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that aging of the neuromuscular system results in an increase in fatigability of the knee extensors during high-velocity exercise that is more pronounced in very old adults (≥80 yr) and occurs similarly in men and women. Importantly, the age-related increase in power loss was strongly associated with the changes in the electrically evoked contractile properties suggesting that the increased fatigability with aging is determined primarily by mechanisms within the muscle for both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Sundberg
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Clinical and Translational Rehabilitation Health Sciences Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew Kuplic
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Clinical and Translational Rehabilitation Health Sciences Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Hamidollah Hassanlouei
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Clinical and Translational Rehabilitation Health Sciences Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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