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Beks H, Walsh SM, Wood S, Clayden S, Alston L, Coffee NT, Versace VL. Application of the Australian Bureau of Statistics Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas in cardiovascular disease research: a scoping review identifying implications for research. AUST HEALTH REV 2024; 48:414-454. [PMID: 38616107 DOI: 10.1071/ah23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective To scope how the Australian Bureau of Statistics Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) has been applied to measure socio-economic status (SES) in peer-reviewed cardiovascular disease (CVD) research. Methods The Joanna Briggs Institute's scoping review methodology was used. Results The search retrieved 2788 unique citations, and 49 studies were included. Studies were heterogeneous in their approach to analysis using SEIFA. Not all studies provided information as to what version was used and how SEIFA was applied in analysis. Spatial unit of analysis varied between studies, with participant postcode most frequently applied. Study quality varied. Conclusions The use of SEIFA in Australian CVD peer-reviewed research is widespread, with variations in the application of SEIFA to measure SES as an exposure. There is a need to improve the reporting of how SEIFA is applied in the methods sections of research papers for greater transparency and to ensure accurate interpretation of CVD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Beks
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, Vic. 3280, Australia
| | - Sandra M Walsh
- Department of Rural Health, University of South Australia, Whyalla, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Wood
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, Vic. 3280, Australia
| | - Suzanne Clayden
- Specialist Physicians Clinic, Southwest Healthcare, Warrnambool, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Neil T Coffee
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, Vic. 3280, Australia
| | - Vincent L Versace
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, Vic. 3280, Australia
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Tessema ZT, Tesema GA, Ahern S, Earnest A. A Systematic Review of Areal Units and Adjacency Used in Bayesian Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Conditional Autoregressive Models in Health Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6277. [PMID: 37444123 PMCID: PMC10341419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in Bayesian spatial and spatio-temporal modelling have been observed in recent years. Despite this, there are unresolved issues about the choice of appropriate spatial unit and adjacency matrix in disease mapping. There is limited systematic review evidence on this topic. This review aimed to address these problems. We searched seven databases to find published articles on this topic. A modified quality assessment tool was used to assess the quality of studies. A total of 52 studies were included, of which 26 (50.0%) were on infectious diseases, 10 (19.2%) on chronic diseases, 8 (15.5%) on maternal and child health, and 8 (15.5%) on other health-related outcomes. Only 6 studies reported the reasons for using the specified spatial unit, 8 (15.3%) studies conducted sensitivity analysis for prior selection, and 39 (75%) of the studies used Queen contiguity adjacency. This review highlights existing variation and limitations in the specification of Bayesian spatial and spatio-temporal models used in health research. We found that majority of the studies failed to report the rationale for the choice of spatial units, perform sensitivity analyses on the priors, or evaluate the choice of neighbourhood adjacency, all of which can potentially affect findings in their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia
| | - Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia
| | - Susannah Ahern
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Arul Earnest
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Tesema GA, Tessema ZT, Heritier S, Stirling RG, Earnest A. A Systematic Review of Joint Spatial and Spatiotemporal Models in Health Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5295. [PMID: 37047911 PMCID: PMC10094468 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of spatial analysis approaches, methodological research addressing the technical and statistical issues related to joint spatial and spatiotemporal models has increased. Despite the benefits of spatial modelling of several interrelated outcomes simultaneously, there has been no published systematic review on this topic, specifically when such models would be useful. This systematic review therefore aimed at reviewing health research published using joint spatial and spatiotemporal models. A systematic search of published studies that applied joint spatial and spatiotemporal models was performed using six electronic databases without geographic restriction. A search with the developed search terms yielded 4077 studies, from which 43 studies were included for the systematic review, including 15 studies focused on infectious diseases and 11 on cancer. Most of the studies (81.40%) were performed based on the Bayesian framework. Different joint spatial and spatiotemporal models were applied based on the nature of the data, population size, the incidence of outcomes, and assumptions. This review found that when the outcome is rare or the population is small, joint spatial and spatiotemporal models provide better performance by borrowing strength from related health outcomes which have a higher prevalence. A framework for the design, analysis, and reporting of such studies is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar 196, Ethiopia
| | - Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar 196, Ethiopia
| | - Stephane Heritier
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rob G. Stirling
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Arul Earnest
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Ridge A, Peterson GM, Nash R. Risk Factors Associated with Preventable Hospitalisation among Rural Community-Dwelling Patients: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16487. [PMID: 36554376 PMCID: PMC9778925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPHs) are common and increase the burden on already stretched healthcare services. Increasingly, psychosocial factors have been recognised as contributing to PPHs and these may be mitigated through greater attention to social capital. This systematic review investigates the factors associated with PPHs within rural populations. The review was designed, conducted, and reported according to PRISMA guidelines and registered with Prospero (ID: CRD42020152194). Four databases were systematically searched, and all potentially relevant papers were screened at the title/abstract level, followed by full-text review by at least two reviewers. Papers published between 2000-2022 were included. Quality assessment was conducted using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and CASP Qualitative checklist. Of the thirteen papers included, eight were quantitative/descriptive and five were qualitative studies. All were from either Australia or the USA. Access to primary healthcare was frequently identified as a determinant of PPH. Socioeconomic, psychosocial, and geographical factors were commonly identified in the qualitative studies. This systematic review highlights the inherent attributes of rural populations that predispose them to PPHs. Equal importance should be given to supply/system factors that restrict access and patient-level factors that influence the ability and capacity of rural communities to receive appropriate primary healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ridge
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
- Huon Valley Health Centre, Huonville, TAS 7109, Australia
| | - Gregory M. Peterson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Rosie Nash
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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Otiende VA, Achia TN, Mwambi HG. Bayesian hierarchical modeling of joint spatiotemporal risk patterns for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) in Kenya. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234456. [PMID: 32614847 PMCID: PMC7332062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous spatiotemporal modeling of multiple related diseases strengthens inferences by borrowing information between related diseases. Numerous research contributions to spatiotemporal modeling approaches exhibit their strengths differently with increasing complexity. However, contributions that combine spatiotemporal approaches to modeling of multiple diseases simultaneously are not so common. We present a full Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal approach to the joint modeling of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis incidences in Kenya. Using case notification data for the period 2012–2017, we estimated the model parameters and determined the joint spatial patterns and temporal variations. Our model included specific and shared spatial and temporal effects. The specific random effects allowed for departures from the shared patterns for the different diseases. The space-time interaction term characterized the underlying spatial patterns with every temporal fluctuation. We assumed the shared random effects to be the structured effects and the disease-specific random effects to be unstructured effects. We detected the spatial similarity in the distribution of Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in approximately 29 counties around the western, central and southern regions of Kenya. The distribution of the shared relative risks had minimal difference with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus disease-specific relative risk whereas that of Tuberculosis presented many more counties as high-risk areas. The flexibility and informative outputs of Bayesian Hierarchical Models enabled us to identify the similarities and differences in the distribution of the relative risks associated with each disease. Estimating the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis shared relative risks provide additional insights towards collaborative monitoring of the diseases and control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verrah A. Otiende
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Pan African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Thomas N. Achia
- School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Henry G. Mwambi
- School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Pedeli X, Varin C. Pairwise likelihood estimation of latent autoregressive count models. Stat Methods Med Res 2020; 29:3278-3293. [PMID: 32536253 DOI: 10.1177/0962280220924068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Latent autoregressive models are useful time series models for the analysis of infectious disease data. Evaluation of the likelihood function of latent autoregressive models is intractable and its approximation through simulation-based methods appears as a standard practice. Although simulation methods may make the inferential problem feasible, they are often computationally intensive and the quality of the numerical approximation may be difficult to assess. We consider instead a weighted pairwise likelihood approach and explore several computational and methodological aspects including estimation of robust standard errors and the role of numerical integration. The suggested approach is illustrated using monthly data on invasive meningococcal disease infection in Greece and Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthi Pedeli
- Department of Statistics, Athens University of Business and Economics, Athens, Greece
| | - Cristiano Varin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Venice, Italy
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Mercier G, Georgescu V, Plancque E, Duflos C, Le Pape A, Quantin C. The effect of primary care on potentially avoidable hospitalizations in France: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:268. [PMID: 32234078 PMCID: PMC7106616 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Potentially avoidable hospitalizations are an indirect measure of access to primary care. However, the role and quality of primary care might vary by geographical location. The main objective was to assess the impact of primary care on geographic variations of potentially avoidable hospitalizations in Occitanie, France. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of claims and socio-economic data for the French Occitanie region in 2014. In order to account for spatial heterogeneity, the region was split into two zones based on socio-economic traits: median pre-tax income and unemployment rate. Age- and sex-adjusted hospital discharge potentially avoidable hospitalization rates were calculated at the ZIP-code level. Demographic, socio-economic, and epidemiological determinants were retrieved, as well as data on supply of, access to and utilization of primary care. Results 72% of PAH are attributable to two chronic conditions: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure. In Zone 1, the potentially avoidable hospitalization rate was positively associated with premature mortality and with the number of specialist encounters by patients. It was negatively associated with the density of nurses. In Zone 2, the potentially avoidable hospitalization rate was positively associated with premature mortality, with access to general practitioners, and with the number of nurse encounters by patients. It was negatively associated with the proportion of the population having at least one general practitioner encounter and with the density of nurses. Conclusions This study suggests that the role of primary care in potentially avoidable hospitalizations might be geography dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregoire Mercier
- Health Services Research Unit, DIM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,UMR CNRS CEPEL, Montpellier, France. .,DIM, Hopital La Colombiere, 39 avenue Charles Flahault, 34295, Montpellier, France.
| | - Vera Georgescu
- Health Services Research Unit, DIM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,DIM, Hopital La Colombiere, 39 avenue Charles Flahault, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Elodie Plancque
- Agence Regionale de Sante Occitanie, 1025 Rue Henri Becquerel, 34067, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Duflos
- Health Services Research Unit, DIM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,DIM, Hopital La Colombiere, 39 avenue Charles Flahault, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Annick Le Pape
- Agence Regionale de Sante Occitanie, 1025 Rue Henri Becquerel, 34067, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Quantin
- CHU de Dijon, 2 Boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon, France
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Wallar LE, Rosella LC. Risk factors for avoidable hospitalizations in Canada using national linked data: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229465. [PMID: 32182242 PMCID: PMC7077875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospitalizations for certain chronic conditions are considered avoidable for adult Canadians given effective and timely primary care management. Individual-level risk factors such as income and health behaviours are not routinely collected in most hospital databases and as a result, are largely uncharacterized for avoidable hospitalization at the national level. The aim of this study was to identify and describe demographic, socioeconomic, and health behavioural risk factors for avoidable hospitalizations in Canada using linked data. A national retrospective cohort study was conducted by pooling eight cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000/2001-2011) and linking to hospitalization records in the Discharge Abstract Database (1999/2000–2012/2013). Respondents who were younger than 18 years and older than 74 years of age, residing in Quebec, or pregnant at baseline were excluded yielding a final cohort of 389,065 individuals. The primary outcome measure was time-to index avoidable hospitalization. Sex-stratified Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to determine effect sizes adjusted for various factors and their associated 95% confidence intervals. Demographics, socioeconomic status, and health behaviours are associated with risk of avoidable hospitalizations in males and females. In fully adjusted models, health behavioural variables had the largest effect sizes including heavy smoking (Male HR 2.65 (95% CI 2.17–3.23); Female HR 3.41 (2.81–4.13)) and being underweight (Male HR 1.98 (1.14–3.43); Female HR 2.78 (1.61–4.81)). Immigrant status was protective in both sexes (Male HR 0.83 (0.69–0.98); (Female HR 0.69 (0.57–0.84)). Adjustment for behavioural and clinical variables attenuated the effect of individual-level socioeconomic status. This study identified several risk factors for time-to-avoidable hospitalizations by sex, using the largest national database of linked health survey and hospitalization records. The larger effect sizes of several modifiable risk factors highlights the importance of prevention in addressing avoidable hospitalizations in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Wallar
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura C. Rosella
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Xu L, Jiang Q, Lairson DR. Spatio-Temporal Variation of Gender-Specific Hypertension Risk: Evidence from China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4545. [PMID: 31744194 PMCID: PMC6888411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies which have shown the existence of gender disparities in hypertension risks often failed to take into account the participants' spatial and temporal information. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal variation for gender-specific hypertension risks in not only single-disease settings but also multiple-disease settings. From the longitudinal data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 70,374 records of 21,006 individuals aged 12 years and over were selected for this study. Bayesian B-spline techniques along with the Besag, York, and Mollie (BYM) model and the Shared Component Model (SCM) model were then used to construct the spatio-temporal models. Our study found that the prevalence of hypertension in China increased from 11.7% to 34.5% during 1991 and 2015, with a higher rate in males than that in females. Moreover, hypertension was found mainly clustered in spatially adjacent regions, with a significant high-risk pattern in Eastern and Central China while a low-risk pattern in Western China, especially for males. The spatio-temporal variation of hypertension risks was associated with regional covariates, such as age, overweight, alcohol consumption, and smoking, with similar effects of age shared by both genders whereas gender-specific effects for other covariates. Thus, gender-specific hypertension prevention and control should be emphasized in the future in China, especially for the elderly population, overweight population, and females with a history of alcohol consumption and smoking who live in Eastern China and Central China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Qingshan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - David R. Lairson
- Division of Management Policy and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200, Herman-Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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