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Akhtar SMM, Ali A, Fareed A, Hasan J. Osteoprotegerin (OPG): A potential biomarker for adverse cardiovascular events in stable coronary artery disease. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2253. [PMID: 39044846 PMCID: PMC11262997 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secretory glycoprotein known for its involvement in bone metabolism and immune regulation. Research has extended OPG's significance in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Elevated OPG levels have been associated with increased cardiovascular risks, prompting interest in its role as a potential biomarker. Main Body This study summarizes several studies that investigated the relationship between OPG levels and the incidence of CVD. The studies indicate that higher plasma levels of OPG are associated with an increased incidence of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and heart failure, even after adjusting for clinical confounders. Moreover, the findings suggest that OPG has the potential to serve as a predictive biomarker for adverse cardiovascular events in the patient population studied. The findings suggest that OPG could aid in risk stratification, allowing clinicians to identify high-risk patients who might benefit from intensified preventive measures or tailored therapeutic interventions. Therefore, early identification of individuals at risk for adverse cardiovascular events could lead to improved patient outcomes and reduced disease burden. Conclusions OPG's role in bone health and immune regulation has expanded to potential use as a biomarker for adverse cardiovascular events in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Despite limitations, its association with cardiovascular risks highlights its importance in risk assessment and personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azzam Ali
- Department of MedicineDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
| | | | - Jina Hasan
- Faculty of Medical SciencesLebanese UniversityBeirutLebanon
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Falahat P, Scheidt U, Pörner D, Schwab S. Recent Insights in Noninvasive Diagnostic for the Assessment of Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcome in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3778. [PMID: 38999343 PMCID: PMC11242869 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation improves quality of life and prolongs survival of patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, kidney transplant recipients present a higher risk for cardiovascular events compared to the general population. Risk assessment for graft failure as well as cardiovascular events is still based on invasive procedures. Biomarkers in blood and urine, but also new diagnostic approaches like genetic or molecular testing, can be useful tools to monitor graft function and to identify patients of high cardiovascular risk. Many biomarkers have been introduced, whereas most of these biomarkers have not been implemented in clinical routine. Here, we discuss recent developments in biomarkers and diagnostic models in kidney transplant recipients. Because many factors impact graft function and cardiovascular risk, it is most likely that no biomarker will meet the highest demands and standards. We advocate to shift focus to the identification of patients benefitting from molecular and genetic testing as well as from analysis of more specific biomarkers instead of finding one biomarker fitting to all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Falahat
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Nephrology Section, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Uta Scheidt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Nephrology Section, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Pörner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Nephrology Section, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwab
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Nephrology Section, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Cendon Duran CDS, de Falco Caparbo V, Santiago MB, Hounkpe BW, Pedreira ALS, de Souza Lima IV, Giardini HAM, Bonoldi VLN, Domiciano DS, Shinjo SK, Pereira RMR. Serum osteoprotegerin and its gene polymorphisms in patients with Takayasu's arteritis: a bicentric cross-sectional study. Adv Rheumatol 2024; 64:43. [PMID: 38807174 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-024-00384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) patients are at an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Currently, there are no well-validated biomarkers to assess this risk in this population. Previous research in different cohorts has linked serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its polymorphisms to accelerated atherosclerosis and a marker of poor prognosis in CVD. Thus, we assessed this protein as a potential biomarker of CVD in TAK patients. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the serum levels of OPG and its SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in TAK patients and healthy controls, and to associate these parameters with clinical data. METHODS This bicentric cross-sectional study included TAK patients who were compared with healthy individuals (control group). The serum levels of OPG and the frequency of OPG SNPs [1181G > C (rs2073618), 245 A > C (rs3134069), 163T > C (rs3102735), and 209 C > T (rs3134070)] were compared between the both groups and associated with clinical data. RESULTS In total, 101 TAK patients and 93 controls were included in the study. The serum levels of OPG (3.8 ± 1.9 vs. 4.3 ± 1.8pmol/L, respectively; P = 0.059), and its four polymorphisms were comparable between both groups. In an additional analysis of only TAK patients, serum OPG levels and its four genes were not associated with any CVD parameters, except for higher OPG levels among patients without dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION No significant differences were observed in serum OPG levels or in the genotype frequencies of OPG SNPs between the patient and control groups. Similarly, no correlation was found between laboratory parameters and clinical data on CVD risk in TAK patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valéria de Falco Caparbo
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mittermayer Barreto Santiago
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luisa Souza Pedreira
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Isabella Vargas de Souza Lima
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diogo Souza Domiciano
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rosa Maria R Pereira
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Jeon HJ, Ryu JH, Kim MG, Huh KH, Lee KW, Kim CD, Kang KP, Ro H, Han S, Yang J. Association of Serum Osteoprotegerin With Vascular Calcification, and Cardiovascular and Graft Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Patients: Results From the KNOW-KT. Transplantation 2024; 108:1239-1248. [PMID: 38291579 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification and stiffness contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease. This study investigated associations between serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels and vascular calcification or stiffness to assess cardiovascular and graft outcomes in kidney transplant patients. METHODS The KoreaN cohort study for Outcome in patients With Kidney Transplantation was a prospective multicenter cohort study. Serum OPG levels were measured at baseline and 3 y after transplantation in 1018 patients. Patients were classified into high and low OPG groups according to median serum OPG levels. The median follow-up duration was 93.5 mo. RESULTS The mean age was 45.8 ± 11.7 y and 62.9% were men. Patients with high OPG had significantly higher coronary artery calcium scores, abdominal aortic calcification scores, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocities than those with lower OPG; these parameters remained significant for 5 y after transplantation. The 3-y OPG levels were lower than baseline values ( P < 0.001) and were positively correlated ( r = 0.42, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high OPG levels were significantly associated with posttransplant cardiovascular events ( P = 0.008) and death-censored graft loss ( P = 0.004). Similar findings regarding posttransplant cardiovascular events ( P = 0.012) and death-censored graft loss ( P = 0.037) were noted in patients with high OPG at the 3-y follow-up. Mediation analyses revealed that coronary artery calcium scores, abdominal aortic calcification scores, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocities could act as mediators between serum OPG levels and posttransplant cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS Serum OPG concentration is associated with vascular calcification and stiffness and could be a significant risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes and graft loss in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Ha Huh
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Pyo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Ro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeup Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Reimer KC, Nadal J, Meiselbach H, Schmid M, Schultheiss UT, Kotsis F, Stockmann H, Friedrich N, Nauck M, Krane V, Eckardt KU, Schneider MP, Kramann R, Floege J, Saritas T. Association of mineral and bone biomarkers with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) cohort. Bone Res 2023; 11:52. [PMID: 37857629 PMCID: PMC10587182 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineral and bone disorder (MBD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is tightly linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we aimed to compare the prognostic value of nine MBD biomarkers to determine those associated best with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and mortality. In 5 217 participants of the German CKD (GCKD) study enrolled with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30-60 mL·min-1 per 1.73 m2 or overt proteinuria, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), C-terminal fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX1), procollagen 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), phosphate, calcium, and 25-OH vitamin D were measured at baseline. Participants with missing values among these parameters (n = 971) were excluded, leaving a total of 4 246 participants for analysis. During a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 387 non-CV deaths, 173 CV deaths, 645 nonfatal major adverse CV events (MACEs) and 368 hospitalizations for congestive heart failure (CHF) were observed. OPG and FGF23 were associated with all outcomes, with the highest hazard ratios (HRs) for OPG. In the final Cox regression model, adjusted for CV risk factors, including kidney function and all other investigated biomarkers, each standard deviation increase in OPG was associated with non-CV death (HR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.35-2.30), CV death (HR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.50-3.16), MACE (HR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.12-1.71) and hospitalization for CHF (HR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.56-2.69). Out of the nine biomarkers examined, stratification based on serum OPG best identified the CKD patients who were at the highest risk for any adverse CV outcome and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Charlotte Reimer
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Nadal
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Meiselbach
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulla T Schultheiss
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV - Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Kotsis
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV - Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helena Stockmann
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vera Krane
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus P Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Turgay Saritas
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Sailaja AN, Nanda N, Suryanarayana BS, Pal GK. Association of rs2073618 polymorphism and osteoprotegerin levels with hypertension and cardiovascular risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17451. [PMID: 37838749 PMCID: PMC10576806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There are reports of link of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene polymorphism to type-2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN). The objective of the study was to assess the allele frequency of OPG (rs2073618) gene polymorphism and its association with heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability profile as CVD risks in diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension undergoing treatment. T2D patients on treatment without hypertension (n = 172), with hypertension (n = 177) and 191 healthy volunteers were recruited for the study. Their blood pressure variability including baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart rate variability (HRV), OPG, insulin, lipid profile, receptor-activator for NFkB (RANK), receptor-activator for NFkB-Ligand (RANKL), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were estimated. Allele frequency of OPG (rs2073618) gene polymorphism was assessed from the DNA samples. BRS and HRV indices were decreased, and RANKL/OPG and TNF-α were increased in T2D and T2D + HTN groups, respectively compared to healthy control group. The reduction in BRS was contributed by increased inflammation and reduced SDNN of HRV in GG genotype in T2D + HTN. In GG + GC subgroup, it was additionally contributed by rise in RANKL/OPG level (β - 0.219; p 0.008). Presence of mutant GG genotype contributed to the risk of hypertension among T2D patients (OR 3.004) as well as in general population (OR 2.79). It was concluded that CV risks are more in T2D patients with HTN expressing OPG rs2073618 gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Naga Sailaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605 006, India
| | - Nivedita Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605 006, India.
| | - B S Suryanarayana
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - G K Pal
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
- AIIMS, Patna, India
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Samadi S, Sadeghi M, Dashtbayaz RJ, Nezamdoost S, Mohammadpour AH, Jomehzadeh V. Prognostic role of osteoprotegerin and risk of coronary artery calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2023; 17:171-180. [PMID: 37097006 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a predictor of atherosclerosis. However, the association of osteoprotegerin (OPG) with CAC is still controversial. Methods: Prospective cohort studies that provided odds ratios with 95% CIs were included from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus through July 2022. Results: Out of 14 studies included in the systematic review, three studies with 7642 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio indicated a significant association between higher OPG levels and accelerated risk of CAC (1.15; 95% CI: 1.03-1.30; p < 0.001) with relatively no heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 0%; p = 0.43). Conclusion: The results indicated that increased concentrations of OPG are positively associated with a 15% elevated odds of CAC after adjustment of major covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Samadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Reza Javidi Dashtbayaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Shirin Nezamdoost
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Amir H Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Vahid Jomehzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
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Kittithaworn A, Toro-Tobon D, Sfeir JG. Cardiovascular benefits and risks associated with calcium, vitamin D, and antiresorptive therapy in the management of skeletal fragility. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231170059. [PMID: 37129172 PMCID: PMC10159251 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231170059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects one in every five women over the age of 50 worldwide. With a rapidly ageing population, the prevalence of fragility fractures, considered a largely preventable consequence of osteoporosis, is expected to increase. Age is also a major risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality, thus highlighting the importance of cardiovascular profiling of osteoporosis interventions. Although calcium and vitamin D are essential for a healthy bone metabolism, excessive supplementation may be associated with increased risk. Conversely, early pre-clinical data have suggested a possible cardiovascular benefit from bisphosphonate therapy. This review evaluates the evidence behind the cardiovascular benefits and risks that may be associated with osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annop Kittithaworn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David Toro-Tobon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jad G Sfeir
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Kadoglou NPE, Kapetanios D, Korakas E, Valsami G, Tentolouris N, Papanas N, Lambadiari V, Karkos C. Association of serum levels of osteopontin and osteoprotegerin with adverse outcomes after endovascular revascularisation in peripheral artery disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:171. [PMID: 36050687 PMCID: PMC9438128 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN) are vascular calcification inhibitors with a known role in the atherosclerotic and inflammatory process. We investigated their relationship with adverse outcomes (restenosis/adverse cardiovascular events) after endovascular revascularisation of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods 203 consecutive patients were enrolled in the PAD group (PADG) and 78 age and sex-matched subjects with less than two cardiovascular risk factors served as control group (COG). PADG underwent standard medical assessment at baseline and 12 months after the procedure. During follow up major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) including arterial restenosis with need for reintervention were documented and the PADG was divided accordingly into two subgroups. Results During 12-month follow-up, 82 MACE were recorded (MACE subgroup). The rest of 124 PAD patients remained free of MACE (non-MACE subgroup). At baseline, OPG (9.89 ± 2.85 ng/ml vs 3.47 ± 1.95 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and OPN (79.99 ± 38.29 ng/ml vs 35.21 ± 14.84 ng/ml, p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in PADG compared to COG, as well as in MACE subgroup compared to non-MACE subgroup (13.29 ± 3.23 ng/ml vs 10.86 ± 3 ng/ml and 96.45 ± 40.12 ng/ml vs 78.1 ± 38.29 ng/ml, respectively). An independent association of PAD with OPG and OPN was found in the whole patient cohort. Although OPG and OPN were significantly related to MACE incidence in the univariate analysis, multiple logistic regression analysis failed to detect any independent predictor of MACE within the PADG. Conclusion Baseline high OPG and OPN levels were independently associated with PAD presence. Even higher levels of those biomarkers were detected among PAD patients with MACE, however, their prognostic role should be further clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, 215/6 Old road Lefkosias-Lemesou, 2029, Aglatzia, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Dimitrios Kapetanios
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Korakas
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Karkos
- 5Th Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rodríguez Ruiz A, van Hoolwerff M, Sprangers S, Suchiman E, Schoenmaker T, Dibbets-Schneider P, Bloem JL, Nelissen RGHH, Freund C, Mummery C, Everts V, de Vries TJ, Ramos YFM, Meulenbelt I. Mutation in the CCAL1 locus accounts for bidirectional process of human subchondral bone turnover and cartilage mineralization. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:360-372. [PMID: 35412619 PMCID: PMC9788812 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the mechanism by which the readthrough mutation in TNFRSF11B, encoding osteoprotegerin (OPG) with additional 19 amino acids at its C-terminus (OPG-XL), causes the characteristic bidirectional phenotype of subchondral bone turnover accompanied by cartilage mineralization in chondrocalcinosis patients. METHODS OPG-XL was studied by human induced pluripotent stem cells expressing OPG-XL and two isogenic CRISPR/Cas9-corrected controls in cartilage and bone organoids. Osteoclastogenesis was studied with monocytes from OPG-XL carriers and matched healthy controls followed by gene expression characterization. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and MRI analyses were used to characterize the phenotype of carriers and non-carriers of the mutation. RESULTS Human OPG-XL carriers relative to sex- and age-matched controls showed, after an initial delay, large active osteoclasts with high number of nuclei. By employing hiPSCs expressing OPG-XL and isogenic CRISPR/Cas9-corrected controls to established cartilage and bone organoids, we demonstrated that expression of OPG-XL resulted in excessive fibrosis in cartilage and high mineralization in bone accompanied by marked downregulation of MGP, encoding matrix Gla protein, and upregulation of DIO2, encoding type 2 deiodinase, gene expression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The readthrough mutation at CCAL1 locus in TNFRSF11B identifies an unknown role for OPG-XL in subchondral bone turnover and cartilage mineralization in humans via DIO2 and MGP functions. Previously, OPG-XL was shown to affect binding between RANKL and heparan sulphate (HS) resulting in loss of immobilized OPG-XL. Therefore, effects may be triggered by deficiency in the immobilization of OPG-XL Since the characteristic bidirectional pathophysiology of articular cartilage calcification accompanied by low subchondral bone mineralization is also a hallmark of OA pathophysiology, our results are likely extrapolated to common arthropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eka Suchiman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology,Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit , Amsterdam
| | | | | | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Oral Cell Biology,Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit , Amsterdam
| | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Correspondence to: Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, LUMC Postzone S-05-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail:
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11
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Czerwińska K, Poręba M, Prokopowicz A, Januszewska L, Jaremków A, Markiewicz-Górka I, Martynowicz H, Mazur G, Poręba R, Pawlas K, Gać P. Association Between Serum Selenium Concentration and OPG/RANKL/RANK Axis in Patients with Arterial Hypertension. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:620-630. [PMID: 35412194 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the serum selenium concentration (Se-S) and the blood concentrations of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and the OPG/RANKL ratio in patients with arterial hypertension. The study group comprised 138 patients with arterial hypertension (age: 56.04 ± 11.59 years). Se-S was determined in all the subjects. Based on the Se-S, the following subgroups were distinguished: a subgroup of patients with a lower Se-S ("low-Se", Se-S < median) and a subgroup of patients with a higher Se-S ("high-Se", Se-S ≥ median). Moreover, the blood concentrations of the parameters of bone metabolism and extraskeletal calcification were assessed: OPG and RANKL. The OPG/RANKL ratio was calculated. In the "low-Se" subgroup, the RANKL concentration was statistically significantly lower, and the OPG/RANKL ratio was statistically significantly higher than in the patients in the "high-Se" subgroup. The correlation analysis showed the negative linear relationships between Se-S and OPG (r = - 0.25, p < 0.05) and between Se-S and OPG/RANKL (r = - 0.47, p < 0.05). Moreover, Se-S positively correlated with RANKL (r = 0.33, p < 0.05). In regression analysis, higher body mass index (BMI), smoking and lower Se-S were independently associated with a higher OPG/RANKL ratio, while lower BMI, use of diuretics, β-blockers and ACE inhibitors and lower OPG/RANKL ratio with effective blood pressure control. In summary, in the group of patients with arterial hypertension, lower Se-S is associated with an unfavourable prognostic panel of parameters of bone metabolism and extraskeletal calcification. Lower Se-S is an independent risk factor for a higher OPG/RANKL ratio, which is an independent prediction factor of ineffective blood pressure control in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Czerwińska
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poręba
- Department of Paralympic Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Witelona 25a, 51-617, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Prokopowicz
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health in Sosnowiec, Kościelna 13, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Lidia Januszewska
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jaremków
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Markiewicz-Górka
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlas
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Gać
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland.
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12
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High levels of osteoprotegerin are associated with coronary artery calcification in patients suspected of a chronic coronary syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18946. [PMID: 34556709 PMCID: PMC8460823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important regulators in the process of vascular calcification (VC). In population studies, high levels of OPG are associated with events. In animal studies, however, high OPG levels result in reduction of VC. VSMC-derived EVs are assumed to be responsible for OPG transport and VC but this role has not been studied. For this, we investigated the association between OPG in plasma and circulating EVs with coronary artery calcium (CAC) as surrogate for VC in symptomatic patients. We retrospectively assessed 742 patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). CAC scores were determined on the MPI-CT images using a previously developed automated algorithm. Levels of OPG were quantified in plasma and two EV-subpopulations (LDL and TEX), using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Circulating levels of OPG were independently associated with CAC scores in plasma; OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.17–1.65), and both EV populations; EV-LDL; OR 1.51 (95% CI 1.27–1.80) and EV-TEX; OR 1.21 (95% CI 1.02–1.42). High levels of OPG in plasma were independently associated with CAC scores in this symptomatic patient cohort. High levels of EV-derived OPG showed the same positive association with CAC scores, suggesting that EV-derived OPG mirrors the same pathophysiological process as plasma OPG.
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13
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Arterial calcifications and osteoprotegerin in chronic hemodialysis patients: impact on 6-year survival. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 54:1135-1143. [PMID: 34505226 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The association between end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular mortality may be influenced through vascular alterations, in particular atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. The study goal was to assess the impact of each type of arterial intimal calcifications (AIC) and arterial medial calcifications (AMC), of osteoprotegerin (OPG), mineral metabolism markers and other features on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. METHODS Ultrasound was performed in 87 patients on the carotid and femoral arteries, and the severity of AIC and AMC was assessed calculating a score according to the extension of calcification. We analyzed the link between AIC, AMC, OPG, mineral markers and mortality after 6 years of follow-up. RESULTS The cutoff value for OPG determined using ROC was 4.9 pmol/l for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Patients with higher serum OPG levels presented higher mortality rates. Our study revealed that AIC, high OPG, low ankle-arm index, presence of diabetes, smoking status, and lack of arteriovenous fistula are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in univariate regression analysis. Multivariate analysis identified AIC scoring based on the segmentation method as an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, along with increased OPG levels. AMC scoring was not a predictor of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Identifying and scoring AIC on ultrasound and measuring OPG levels, as a basis of the HD patient assessment may become valuable tools in clinical work, as these have an impact on death toll.
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14
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Circulating calcification inhibitors are associated with arterial damage in pediatric patients with primary hypertension. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2371-2382. [PMID: 33604725 PMCID: PMC8260424 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-04957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating calcification inhibitors: fetuin A (FA) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) together with soluble ligand of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (sRANKL) have been linked to vascular calcifications and arterial damage. This study aimed to evaluate relationships between FA, OPG, sRANKL, and arterial damage in children with primary hypertension (PH). METHODS In this cross-sectional single-center study, calcification inhibitors (FA, OPG, sRANKL) levels were measured in blood samples of 60 children with PH (median age 15.8, IQR: [14.5-16.8] years) and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers. In each participant, peripheral and central blood pressure evaluation (BP) and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) were performed. Arterial damage was measured using common carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx75HR), and local arterial stiffness (ECHO-tracking-ET) analysis. RESULTS Children with PH had significantly higher peripheral and central BP, BP in ABPM, thicker cIMT, higher PWV, and AIx75HR. FA was significantly lower in patients with PH compared to healthy peers without differences in OPG, sRANKL, and OPG/sRANKL and OPG/FA ratios. In children with PH, FA level correlated negatively with cIMT Z-score and ET AIx; sRANKL level correlated negatively with ABPM systolic blood pressure (SBP), SBP load, diastolic BP load, and AIx75HR; OPG/sRANKL ratio correlated positively with SBP load, while OPG/FA ratio correlated positively with ET AIx. In multivariate analysis, FA was a significant determinant of cIMT (mm) and cIMT Z-score. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that in children with primary hypertension, arterial damage is related to lower fetuin A concentrations.
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15
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Wang A, Karunasinghe N, Plank LD, Zhu S, Osborne S, Brown C, Bishop K, Schwass T, Tijono S, Holmes M, Masters J, Huang R, Keven C, Ferguson LR, Lawrenson R. Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on serum levels of sclerostin, Dickkopf-1, and osteoprotegerin: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14905. [PMID: 34290287 PMCID: PMC8295319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for men with prostate cancer (PCa) results in accelerated bone loss and increased risk of bone fracture. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum bone markers—sclerostin, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), in a cohort of 88 PCa patients without known bone metastases, managed with and without ADT, and to analyse their relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) and sex steroids. The cross-sectional analysis between acute-, chronic- and former-ADT groups and PCa controls showed that sclerostin and OPG levels significantly differed between them (p = 0.029 and p = 0.032). Groups contributing to these significant changes were recorded. There were no significant differences in serum DKK-1 levels across the four groups (p = 0.683). In the longitudinal analysis, significant % decreases within groups were seen for DKK-1 [chronic-ADT (− 10.06%, p = 0.0057), former-ADT (− 12.77%, p = 0.0239), and in PCa controls group (− 16.73, p = 0.0022); and OPG levels in chronic ADT (− 8.28%, p = 0.003) and PCa controls group (− 12.82%, p = 0.017)]. However, % changes in sclerostin, DKK-1, and OPG did not differ significantly over 6-months across the evaluated groups. Sclerostin levels showed significant positive correlations with BMD at baseline in the ADT group, while in PCa controls this correlation existed at both baseline and 6-month time points. Sclerostin correlated negatively with testosterone in former ADT users and in PCa controls. Possible prognostic features denoted by parallel increases in sclerostin and BMD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Wang
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Nishi Karunasinghe
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shuotun Zhu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sue Osborne
- Urology Department, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charis Brown
- The Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Karen Bishop
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sofian Tijono
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Holmes
- Urology Department, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Roger Huang
- Radiation Oncology Department, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Christine Keven
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ross Lawrenson
- The Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Waikato, New Zealand
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16
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Jura-Półtorak A, Szeremeta A, Olczyk K, Zoń-Giebel A, Komosińska-Vassev K. Bone Metabolism and RANKL/OPG Ratio in Rheumatoid Arthritis Women Treated with TNF-α Inhibitors. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132905. [PMID: 34209821 PMCID: PMC8267676 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNF-α) therapy in combination with methotrexate on bone remodeling and osteoclastogenesis in female patients with RA. Serum levels of bone turnover markers (i.e., C- and N-terminal propeptides of type I procollagen (PICP and PINP), C- and N-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I and NTX-I), and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG)) were determined by immunoassay at baseline and 15 months after initiation of treatment. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. We found a significant decrease in serum PINP levels, a biomarker of bone formation, and higher levels of CTX-I and sRANKL indicative of increased bone resorption in RA patients prior to TNFαI treatment compared to the controls. Anti-TNF-α therapy was effective in improving bone metabolism in RA patients as reflected in a decrease in CTX-I (at least partially due to the RANKL/OPG reduction) and a concomitant increase in PINP levels. The bone metabolism changes were independent of the type of TNFαI used. PINP and CTX-I were found to be useful markers of bone metabolism, which may prove the effectiveness of TNF-α therapy earlier than the bone density assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jura-Półtorak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.S.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-364-11-50
| | - Anna Szeremeta
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.S.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.S.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
| | - Aleksandra Zoń-Giebel
- Silesian Center of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Prevention of Disability of Gen. Jerzy Ziętek in Ustroń, 43-450 Ustroń, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.S.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
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17
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Stojanović SD, Fiedler J, Bauersachs J, Thum T, Sedding DG. Senescence-induced inflammation: an important player and key therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2983-2996. [PMID: 31898722 PMCID: PMC7453834 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark and potent driver of pathological vascular remodelling in atherosclerosis. However, current anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies have shown mixed results. As an alternative perspective on the conundrum of chronic inflammation emerging evidence points towards a small subset of senescent cells as a critical player and central node driving atherosclerosis. Senescent cells belonging to various cell types are a dominant and chronic source of a large array of pro-inflammatory cytokines and various additional plaque destabilizing factors, being involved with various aspects of atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Antagonizing these key agitators of local chronic inflammation and plaque instability may provide a causative and multi-purpose therapeutic strategy to treat atherosclerosis. Anti-senescence treatment options with translational potential are currently in development. However, several questions and challenges remain to be addressed before these novel treatment approaches may enter the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan D Stojanović
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel G Sedding
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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18
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Gupta V, Ekundayo O, Nemeth ZK, Yang Y, Covic A, Mathe Z, Kovesdy CP, Molnar MZ, Mucsi I. Association between serum osteoprotegerin level and mortality in kidney transplant recipients - a prospective observational cohort study. Transpl Int 2021; 34:844-854. [PMID: 33606319 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Paradoxically, higher serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG: a vascular calcification inhibitor) have been associated with increased arterial stiffness, risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. A few studies reported that post-transplant OPG levels are associated with mortality in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. In this study, this association was assessed in a cohort of prevalent KT recipients, adjusting for previously untested potential confounders, including fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Socio-demographic and clinical parameters, medical and transplant history, and laboratory data were collected from 982 prevalent KT recipients. The association between serum OPG and all-cause mortality over a 6-year follow-up period was examined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Participants with high serum OPG were more likely female, older, deceased donor KT recipients and have more comorbidity, lower eGFR, higher FGF23, higher IL-6, and longer dialysis vintage. Each 1 pmol/l higher serum OPG level was associated with a 49% higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.49 [1.40-1.61]). This association persisted after adjusting for confounders (HR [95% CI]: 1.20 [1.10-1.30]). In conclusion, serum OPG was associated with all-cause mortality independent of several novel confounders in prevalent KT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardaan Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Multiorgan Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oladapo Ekundayo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Multiorgan Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zsofia K Nemeth
- Nephrology Division, Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Multiorgan Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Covic
- "C.I. Parhon" University Hospital, Iasi, Romania.,Grigore T, Popa" University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Zoltan Mathe
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Miklos Z Molnar
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Istvan Mucsi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Multiorgan Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Osteoprotegerin is a marker of cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-5. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2473. [PMID: 33510348 PMCID: PMC7844415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Osteoprotegerin (OPG), known to regulate bone mass by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and activation, might also play a role in vascular calcification. Increased circulating OPG levels in patients with CKD are associated with aortic calcification and increased mortality. We assessed the predictive role of OPG for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD stages 3-5 over a 5-year follow-up period. We evaluated the relationship between OPG and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in 145 CKD patients (stages 3-5) in a prospective observational follow-up study. Inflammation markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, standard echocardiography, and estimation of intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery, were assessed at baseline, and correlations with OPG levels were determined. The cutoff values for OPG were defined using ROC curves for cardiovascular mortality. Survival was assessed during follow up lasting for up to 5.5 years using Fine and Gray model. A total of 145 (89 men; age 58.9 ± 15.0 years) were followed up. The cutoff value for OPG determined using ROC was 10 pmol/L for general causes mortality and 10.08 pmol/L for CV causes mortality. Patients with higher serum OPG levels presented with higher mortality rates compared to patients with lower levels. Aalen-Johansen cumulative incidence curve analysis demonstrated significantly worse survival rates in individuals with higher baseline OPG levels for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, OPG was a marker of general and cardiovascular mortality independent of sex, age, CVD, diabetes, and CRP levels. When CKD stages were included in the multivariate analysis, OPG was an independent marker of all-cause mortality but not cardiovascular mortality. Elevated serum OPG levels were associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk, independent of age, CVD, diabetes, and inflammatory markers, in patients with CKD.
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20
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Abstract
Over the last decades, the association between vascular calcification (VC) and all-cause/cardiovascular mortality, especially in patients with high atherogenic status, such as those with diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease, has been repeatedly highlighted. For over a century, VC has been noted as a passive, degenerative, aging process without any treatment options. However, during the past decades, studies confirmed that mineralization of the arteries is an active, complex process, similar to bone genesis and formation. The main purpose of this review is to provide an update of the existing biomarkers of VC in serum and develop the various pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the calcification process, including the pivotal roles of matrix Gla protein, osteoprotegerin, bone morphogenetic proteins, fetuin-a, fibroblast growth-factor-23, osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, sclerostin, pyrophosphate, Smads, fibrillin-1 and carbonic anhydrase II.
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21
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Caraiola S, Dima A, Jurcut C, Jurcut R, Baicus C, Baicus A. Correlation between Osteoprotegerin Levels and Antiphospholipid Syndrome Parameters. Lab Med 2020; 51:193-198. [PMID: 31414130 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the osteoprotegerin (OPG) correlates with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) parameters. METHODS Our cohort included 40 patients with primary APS disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (mean age, 43.7 years; 87% female). Data on cardiovascular risk factors and specific clinical events in APS were collected. Then we tested OPG and 10 criteria and noncriteria antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) on preserved specimens in all cases. RESULTS A total of 26 patients (65%) had high serum OPG levels. Patients with high OPG were mostly overweight. In patients with SLE, the OPG levels were associated with anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and anti-Sm titers. However, we did not find significant correlations of the OPG with any of the 10 aPLs tested. Also, we found no relationship regarding venous APS events. CONCLUSION In APS, high OPG levels are not linked to serum aPL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caraiola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital
| | - Alina Dima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital
| | - Ciprian Jurcut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Carol Davila Central University Emergency Military Hospital
| | - Ruxandra Jurcut
- Department of Cardiology, Prof Dr CC Iliescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Cristian Baicus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital
| | - Anda Baicus
- Immunology Laboratory, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Comprehensive assessment of tissue and serum parameters of bone metabolism in a series of orthopaedic patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227133. [PMID: 31881044 PMCID: PMC6934299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases represent an increasing health burden worldwide, and basic research remains necessary to better understand the complexity of these pathologies and to improve and expand existing prevention and treatment approaches. In the present study, 216 bone samples from the caput femoris and collum femoris of 108 patients with degenerative or dysplastic coxarthrosis, hip fracture, or osteonecrosis were evaluated for the proportion of trabecular bone (TB) and expression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor (PTH1R), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Serum levels of PTH, OPG, soluble RANKL (sRANKL), alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin, total procollagen type-1 intact N-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b (TRAP5b), sclerostin, and C-telopeptide of type-1 collagen (ICTP) were also determined. Age was positively correlated with serum levels of PTH, OPG, and sclerostin but negatively associated with TB and sRANKL. Women exhibited less TB, lower sclerostin and ICTP, and higher TRAP5b. Impaired kidney function was associated with shorter bone decalcification time, less TB, lower sRANKL, and higher serum PTH, OPG, and sclerostin. Furthermore, correlations were observed between bone PTH1R and OPG expression and between serum PTH, OPG, and AP. There were also positive correlations between serum OPG and TP1NP; serum OPG and sclerostin; serum AP, osteocalcin, and TRAP5b; and serum sclerostin and ICTP. Serum OPG was negatively associated with sRANKL. In summary, clear relationships between specific bone metabolism markers were observed, and distinct influences of age, sex, and kidney function, thus underscoring their suitability as diagnostic or prognostic markers.
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Hackler E, Lew J, Gore MO, Ayers CR, Atzler D, Khera A, Rohatgi A, Lewis A, Neeland I, Omland T, de Lemos JA. Racial Differences in Cardiovascular Biomarkers in the General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012729. [PMID: 31514563 PMCID: PMC6817997 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The incidence and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) differ between blacks and whites. Biomarkers that reflect important pathophysiological pathways may provide a window to allow deeper understanding of racial differences in CVD. Methods and Results The study included 2635 white and black participants from the Dallas Heart Study who were free from existing CVD. Cross‐sectional associations between race and 32 biomarkers were evaluated using multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, traditional CVD risk factors, imaging measures of body composition, renal function, insulin resistance, left ventricular mass, and socioeconomic factors. In fully adjusted models, black women had higher lipoprotein(a), leptin, d‐dimer, osteoprotegerin, antinuclear antibody, homoarginine, suppression of tumorigenicity‐2, and urinary microalbumin, and lower adiponectin, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide versus white women. Black men had higher lipoprotein(a), leptin, d‐dimer, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, antinuclear antibody, symmetrical dimethylarginine, homoarginine, high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T, suppression of tumorigenicity‐2, and lower adiponectin, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide versus white men. Adjustment for biomarkers that were associated with higher CVD risk, and that differed between blacks and whites, attenuated the risk for CVD events in black women (unadjusted hazard ratio 2.05, 95% CI 1.32, 3.17 and adjusted hazard ratio 1.15, 95% CI 0.69, 1.92) and black men (unadjusted hazard ratio 2.39, 95% CI 1.64, 3.46, and adjusted hazard ratio 1.21, 95% CI 0.76, 1.95). Conclusions Significant racial differences were seen in biomarkers reflecting lipids, adipokines, and biomarkers of endothelial function, inflammation, myocyte injury, and neurohormonal stress, which may contribute to racial differences in the development and complications of CVD. See Editorial Suzuki et al
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Hackler
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Jeanney Lew
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center Houston TX
| | - M Odette Gore
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Denver Health and Hospital Authority Denver CO
| | - Colby R Ayers
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX.,Department of Clinical Sciences UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Germany
| | - Amit Khera
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Anand Rohatgi
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Alana Lewis
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Ian Neeland
- Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Torbjorn Omland
- Department of Medicine Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway.,University of Oslo Norway
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24
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Tanner MA, Thomas TP, Grisanti LA. Death receptor 5 contributes to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 136:1-14. [PMID: 31473246 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte survival and death contributes to many cardiac diseases. A common mechanism of cardiomyocyte death is through apoptosis however, numerous death receptors (DR) have been virtually unstudied in the context of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have identified TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptor, DR5, as being altered in a chronic catecholamine administration model of heart failure, and suggest a role of non-canonical signaling in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, multiple clinical studies have identified TRAIL or DR5 as biomarkers in the prediction of severity and mortality following myocardial infarction and in heart failure development risk suggesting a role of DR5 signaling in the heart. While TRAIL/DR5 have been extensively studied as a potential cancer therapeutic due to their ability to selectively activate apoptosis in cancer cells, TRAIL and DR5 are highly expressed in the heart where their function is uncharacterized. However, many non-transformed cell types are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis suggesting non-canonical functions in non-cancerous cell types. Our goal was to determine the role of DR5 in the heart with the hypothesis that DR5 does not induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis but initiates non-canonical signaling to promote cardiomyocyte growth and survival. Histological analysis of hearts from mice treated with a DR5 agonists showed increased hypertrophy with no differences in cardiomyocyte death, fibrosis or function. Mechanistic studies in the heart and isolated cardiomyocytes identified ERK1/2 activation with DR5 agonist treatment which contributed to hypertrophy. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was activated following DR5 agonist treatment through activation of MMP and HB-EGFR cleavage and specific inhibitors of MMP and EGFR prevented DR5-mediated ERK1/2 signaling and hypertrophy. Taken together, these studies identify a previously unidentified role for DR5 in the heart, which does not promote apoptosis but acts through non-canonical MMP-EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling mechanisms to contribute to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles A Tanner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Toby P Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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25
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Hsu TW, Hsu CN, Wang SW, Huang CC, Li LC. Comparison of the Effects of Denosumab and Alendronate on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Osteoporotic Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070932. [PMID: 31261703 PMCID: PMC6678904 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A correlation between impaired bone metabolism, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been suggested. This study aimed to compare the effects of denosumab and alendronate, two anti-resorptive agents, on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in osteoporotic patients. Propensity score-matched cohort study comparing denosumab to alendronate users between January 2005 and December 2017 was conducted from a large medical organization in Taiwan. Risks of CVD development and renal function decline were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. A total 2523 patients were recruited in each group. No significant difference in cardiovascular events was found between the two groups over a 5-year study period. Stratified analysis results showed that denosumab was likely to exert protective effects against composite CVD in patients with medication possession rate ≥60% (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 0.74; p = 0.0493) and myocardial infraction (AHR, 0.42; p = 0.0415). Denosumab was associated with increased risk of renal function decline in male patients (AHR, 1.78; p = 0.0132), patients with renal insufficiency (AHR, 1.5; p = 0.0132), and patients with acute kidney injury during the study period (AHR, 1.53; p = 0.0154). Conclusively, denosumab may exert cardiovascular benefits in patients with good adherence but may have renal disadvantages in certain conditions and thus must be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuen-Wei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Chi Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chih Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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26
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Distinct associations between plasma osteoprotegerin, homoarginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in chronic kidney disease male patients with coronary artery disease. Amino Acids 2019; 51:977-982. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Zampetti S, Lucantoni F, Pacifico L, Campagna G, Versacci P, Pierimarchi P, Buzzetti R. Association of OPG-RANKL ratio with left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric remodeling in male overweight/obese youths. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:427-434. [PMID: 30132289 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/RANK/OPG) axis has been hypothesized as a potential mediator of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The aim of the study was to assess whether circulating concentrations of RANKL, RANK, and OPG were associated with early signs of morphological cardiac changes in overweight/obese youths. METHODS We determined serum levels of RANKL, RANK and OPG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 188 overweight/obese children and adolescents. LV mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were estimated using M-mode echocardiography. RESULTS OPG and RANKL levels were higher among girls than among boys [1.73 (1.64-1.86) and 3.28 (1.90-6.37) pmol/L, respectively, vs. 1.69 (1.59-1.82) and 2.12 (1.52-3.80) pmol/L; p = 0.02 and p = 0.0001, respectively], but the OPG/RANKL ratio was lower [0.52 (0.26-0.88) vs 0.77 (0.44-1.11); p = 0.001]. In gender-specific multivariate linear regression, OPG/RANKL ratio was associated with LVMI and RWT in boys but not in girls. In multiple logistic regression, after adjustment for clinical variables, OPG/RANKL ratio was associated with concentric remodeling, eccentric and concentric LVH in boys but not in girls. CONCLUSION OPG/RANKL ratio is independently associated with LVH and patterns of LV structural remodeling in male overweight/obese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zampetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - F Lucantoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - L Pacifico
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Campagna
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Versacci
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Pierimarchi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - R Buzzetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Kosmopoulos M, Paschou SA, Grapsa J, Anagnostis P, Vryonidou A, Goulis DG, Siasos G. The Emerging Role of Bone Markers in Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Angiology 2019; 70:690-700. [PMID: 30696256 DOI: 10.1177/0003319718822625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecules that govern bone metabolism, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN), have been isolated from other tissues, including blood vessels. Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) are leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite novel biochemical and imaging techniques, early detection of CAD is still unsatisfactory. Experimental data indicate that bone turnover markers (BTMs) contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. This finding has sparked interest in their clinical use. This narrative review analyzed information from >50 human studies, which strongly suggest that OPG, OPN, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) serum concentrations are altered in patients with CAD. Osteoprotegerin seems to be more useful for the detection of early disease, while OPN and ALP are recruited in vessels after the establishment of disease. Osteocalcin may be used as a flow cytometry marker for endothelial progenitor cells and can constitute a marker to monitor response to interventional treatments and risk of restenosis. However, most data derive from observational studies. Incorporation of BTMs in multifactorial computational algorithms could further determine their role in CAD diagnosis and prognosis together with other imaging techniques and biochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Kosmopoulos
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- 2 Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, "Aghia Sophia" Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Julia Grapsa
- 3 Barts Heart Center, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- 4 Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andromachi Vryonidou
- 5 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- 4 Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 6 First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Papapoulos SE. Clinical advantages and disadvantages of anabolic bone therapies targeting the WNT pathway. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:605-623. [PMID: 30181608 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The WNT signalling pathway is a key regulator of bone metabolism, particularly bone formation, which has helped to define the role of osteocytes - the most abundant bone cells - as orchestrators of bone remodelling. Several molecules involved in the control of the WNT signalling pathway have been identified as potential targets for the development of bone-building therapeutics for patients with osteoporosis. Several of these molecules have been investigated in animal models, but only inhibitors of sclerostin (which is produced by osteocytes) have been investigated in phase III clinical studies. Here, we review the rationale for these developments and the specificity and potential off-target actions of WNT-based therapeutics. We also describe the available preclinical and clinical studies and discuss the benefits and risks of using sclerostin inhibitors for the management of patients with osteoporosis.
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Osteoprotegerin and Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients with Aortic Stenosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14550. [PMID: 30266917 PMCID: PMC6162228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular myocardial fibrosis in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) confers worse prognosis. Plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG), a cytokine from the TNF receptor family, correlates with the degree of valve calcification in AS, reflecting the activity of the tissue RANKL/RANK/OPG (receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand/RANK/osteoprotegerin) axis, and is associated with poorer outcomes in AS. Its association with myocardial fibrosis is unknown. We hypothesised that OPG levels would reflect the extent of myocardial fibrosis in AS. We included 110 consecutive patients with AS who had undergone late-gadolinium contrast enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR). Patients were characterised according to pattern of fibrosis (no fibrosis, midwall fibrosis, or chronic myocardial infarction fibrosis). Serum OPG was measured with ELISA and compared between groups defined by valve stenosis severity. Some 36 patients had no fibrosis, 38 had midwall fibrosis, and 36 had chronic infarction. Patients with midwall fibrosis did not have higher levels of OPG compared to those without fibrosis (6.78 vs. 5.25 pmol/L, p = 0.12). There was no difference between those with midwall or chronic myocardial infarction fibrosis (6.78 vs. 6.97 pmol/L, p = 0.27). However, OPG levels in patients with chronic myocardial infarction fibrosis were significantly higher than those without fibrosis (p = 0.005).
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Tschiderer L, Klingenschmid G, Nagrani R, Willeit J, Laukkanen JA, Schett G, Kiechl S, Willeit P. Osteoprotegerin and Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Populations: Meta-Analysis of 19 Prospective Studies Involving 27 450 Participants. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009012. [PMID: 30369329 PMCID: PMC6201389 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteoprotegerin is a cytokine involved in bone metabolism as well as vascular calcification and atherogenesis. Although circulating osteoprotegerin levels are robustly associated with incident cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) in the general population, its relevance as a biomarker among populations at high CVD risk is less clear. Methods and Results Three independent reviewers systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE , and Web of Science to identify prospective studies that had recruited participants on the basis of having conditions related to high CVD risk. A total of 19 studies were eligible for inclusion, reporting on 27 450 patients with diabetes mellitus (2 studies), kidney disease (7 studies), preexisting heart disease (5 studies), or recent acute coronary syndromes (5 studies) at baseline. Over a mean follow-up of 4.2 years, 4066 CVD events were recorded. In a random-effects meta-analysis, the pooled risk ratio for CVD events comparing people in the top versus the bottom tertile of osteoprotegerin concentration was 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.50; P<0.001; I2=68.3%). There was evidence for presence of publication bias ( P value from Egger's test=0.013). Correction for publication bias using the trim-and-fill method reduced the risk ratio to 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.42; P<0.001). The risk ratios did not vary significantly by population type, geographical region, statistical adjustment, sample or assay type, age, sex, or length of follow-up. Conclusions In populations at high CVD risk, elevated circulating osteoprotegerin levels are associated with a higher risk for future CVD events. The magnitude of association appears weaker than in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Tschiderer
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of InnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Rajini Nagrani
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of InnsbruckAustria
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of InnsbruckAustria
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Central Finland Central HospitalJyväskyläFinland
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläFinland
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3University of Erlangen‐NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of InnsbruckAustria
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of InnsbruckAustria
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeUnited Kingdom
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32
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Zwakenberg SR, van der Schouw YT, Schalkwijk CG, Spijkerman AMW, Beulens JWJ. Bone markers and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:45. [PMID: 29571288 PMCID: PMC5866514 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular calcifications are associated with a three- to fourfold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes patients. Emerging evidence indicates that vascular calcification is a process of active bone formation regulated by stimulators and inhibitors of calcification. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether six bone markers are associated with CVD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods We used data of a case-cohort study, nested in the EPIC-NL cohort, comprising 134 CVD cases and a random subcohort of 218 participants, all with type 2 diabetes at baseline. Six bone markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, osteoprotegerin, alkaline phosphatase and sclerostin) were measured in baseline plasma samples with multiplex assays and information on CVD events was obtained. The association of bone makers with CVD risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results Higher concentrations of plasma osteopontin were associated (ptrend < 0.01) with an increased CVD risk with a hazard ratio of 2.00 (95%-CI 1.20–3.35) for the highest versus the lowest quartile in a multivariable adjusted model. The other bone markers were not associated with CVD risk. Conclusions Higher osteopontin concentrations were associated with an increased CVD risk in type 2 diabetes patients. No consistent associations were found for the other five bone markers and risk of CVD in type 2 diabetes patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0691-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine R Zwakenberg
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M W Spijkerman
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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