1
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Conley J, Genenger B, Ashford B, Ranson M. Micro RNA Dysregulation in Keratinocyte Carcinomas: Clinical Evidence, Functional Impact, and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8493. [PMID: 39126067 PMCID: PMC11313315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The keratinocyte carcinomas, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), are the most common cancers in humans. Recently, an increasing body of literature has investigated the role of miRNAs in keratinocyte carcinoma pathogenesis, progression and their use as therapeutic agents and targets, or biomarkers. However, there is very little consistency in the literature regarding the identity of and/or role of individual miRNAs in cSCC (and to a lesser extent BCC) biology. miRNA analyses that combine clinical evidence with experimental elucidation of targets and functional impact provide far more compelling evidence than studies purely based on clinical findings or bioinformatic analyses. In this study, we review the clinical evidence associated with miRNA dysregulation in KCs, assessing the quality of validation evidence provided, identify gaps, and provide recommendations for future studies based on relevant studies that investigated miRNA levels in human cSCC and BCC. Furthermore, we demonstrate how miRNAs contribute to the regulation of a diverse network of cellular functions, and that large-scale changes in tumor cell biology can be attributed to miRNA dysregulation. We highlight the need for further studies investigating the role of miRNAs as communicators between different cell types in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we explore the clinical benefits of miRNAs as biomarkers of keratinocyte carcinoma prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Conley
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (J.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Benjamin Genenger
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (J.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD), NSW Health, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia;
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (J.C.); (B.G.)
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2
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Barbato A, Piscopo F, Salati M, Pollastro C, Evangelista L, Ferrante L, Limongello D, Brillante S, Iuliano A, Reggiani-Bonetti L, Salatiello M, Iaccarino A, Pisapia P, Malapelle U, Troncone G, Indrieri A, Dominici M, Franco B, Carotenuto P. A MiR181/Sirtuin1 regulatory circuit modulates drug response in biliary cancers. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:74. [PMID: 38598008 PMCID: PMC11006774 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advances, biliary tract cancer (BTC) remains one of the most lethal tumor worldwide due to late diagnosis, limited therapeutic strategies and resistance to conventional therapies. In recent years, high-throughput technologies have enabled extensive genome, and transcriptome sequencing unveiling, among others, the regulatory potential of microRNAs (miRNAs). Compelling evidence shown that miRNA are attractive therapeutic targets and promising candidates as biomarkers for various therapy-resistant tumors. The analysis of miRNA profile successfully identified miR-181c and -181d as significantly downregulated in BTC patients. Low miR-181c and -181d expression levels were correlated with worse prognosis and poor treatment efficacy. In fact, progression-free survival analysis indicated poor survival rates in miR-181c and -181d low expressing patients. The expression profile of miR-181c and -181d in BTC cell lines revealed that both miRNAs were dysregulated. Functional in vitro experiments in BTC cell lines showed that overexpression of miR-181c and -181d affected cell viability and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy compared to controls. In addition, by using bioinformatic tools we showed that the miR-181c/d functional role is determined by binding to their target SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1). Moreover, BTC patients expressing high levels of miR-181 and low SIRT1 shown an improved survival and treatment response. An integrative network analysis demonstrated that, miR-181/SIRT1 circuit had a regulatory effect on several important metabolic tumor-related processes. Our study demonstrated that miR-181c and -181d act as tumor suppressor miRNA in BTC, suggesting the potential use as therapeutic strategy in resistant cancers and as predictive biomarker in the precision medicine of BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barbato
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Medical Genetics, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiola Piscopo
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Medical Genetics, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Salati
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Carla Pollastro
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Medical Genetics, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Evangelista
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferrante
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Limongello
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Brillante
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- IRGB, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Iuliano
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Economics (DIMIE), University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Luca Reggiani-Bonetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Salatiello
- Department of Public Health, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli-AOU Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Iaccarino
- Department of Public Health, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli-AOU Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pisapia
- Department of Public Health, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli-AOU Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli-AOU Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli-AOU Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- IRGB, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Medical Genetics, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Carotenuto
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Medical Genetics, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
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3
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Li J, Shen J, Zhao Y, Du F, Li M, Wu X, Chen Y, Wang S, Xiao Z, Wu Z. Role of miR‑181a‑5p in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:108. [PMID: 37539738 PMCID: PMC10552769 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that can post‑transcriptionally suppress targeted genes. Dysregulated miRNAs are associated with a variety of diseases. MiR‑181a‑5p is a conserved miRNA with the ability to regulate pathological processes, such as angiogenesis, inflammatory response and obesity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that miR‑181a‑5p exerts regulatory influence on cancer development and progression, acting as an oncomiR or tumor inhibitor in various cancer types by impacting multiple hallmarks of tumor. Generally, miR‑181a‑5p binds to target RNA sequences with partial complementarity, resulting in suppression of the targeted genes of miR‑181a‑5p. However, the precise role of miR‑181a‑5p in cancer remains incompletely understood. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent research on miR‑181a‑5p, focusing on its involvement in different types of cancer and its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as its function in chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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4
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Tsang DA, Tam SYC, Oh CC. Molecular Alterations in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Hosts-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061832. [PMID: 36980718 PMCID: PMC10046480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) at the molecular level is lacking in the current literature due to the high mutational burden of this disease. Immunosuppressed patients afflicted with cSCC experience considerable morbidity and mortality. In this article, we review the molecular profile of cSCC among the immunosuppressed and immunocompetent populations at the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteometabolomic levels, as well as describing key differences in the tumor immune microenvironment between these two populations. We feature novel biomarkers from the recent literature which may serve as potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ann Tsang
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Steve Y C Tam
- Education Resource Centre, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Choon Chiat Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169608, Singapore
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5
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miRNome and Proteome Profiling of Human Keratinocytes and Adipose Derived Stem Cells Proposed miRNA-Mediated Regulations of Epidermal Growth Factor and Interleukin 1-Alpha. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054956. [PMID: 36902387 PMCID: PMC10002856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is regulated by complex crosstalk between keratinocytes and other cell types, including stem cells. In this study, a 7-day direct co-culture model of human keratinocytes and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) was proposed to study the interaction between the two cell types, in order to identify regulators of ADSCs differentiation toward the epidermal lineage. As major mediators of cell communication, miRNome and proteome profiles in cell lysates of cultured human keratinocytes and ADSCs were explored through experimental and computational analyses. GeneChip® miRNA microarray, identified 378 differentially expressed miRNAs; of these, 114 miRNAs were upregulated and 264 miRNAs were downregulated in keratinocytes. According to miRNA target prediction databases and the Expression Atlas database, 109 skin-related genes were obtained. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed 14 pathways including vesicle-mediated transport, signaling by interleukin, and others. Proteome profiling showed a significant upregulation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1α) compared to ADSCs. Integrated analysis through cross-matching the differentially expressed miRNA and proteins suggested two potential pathways for regulations of epidermal differentiation; the first is EGF-based through the downregulation of miR-485-5p and miR-6765-5p and/or the upregulation of miR-4459. The second is mediated by IL-1α overexpression through four isomers of miR-30-5p and miR-181a-5p.
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6
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Matulić M, Gršković P, Petrović A, Begić V, Harabajsa S, Korać P. miRNA in Molecular Diagnostics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090459. [PMID: 36135005 PMCID: PMC9495386 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression on post-transcriptional level. Their biogenesis consists of a complex series of sequential processes, and they regulate expression of many genes involved in all cellular processes. Their function is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of a single cell; therefore, their aberrant expression contributes to development and progression of many diseases, especially malignant tumors and viral infections. Moreover, they can be associated with certain states of a specific disease, obtained in the least invasive manner for patients and analyzed with basic molecular methods used in clinical laboratories. Because of this, they have a promising potential to become very useful biomarkers and potential tools in personalized medicine approaches. In this review, miRNAs biogenesis, significance in cancer and infectious diseases, and current available test and methods for their detection are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Matulić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paula Gršković
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Petrović
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerija Begić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Primary School “Sesvetski Kraljevec”, 10361 Sesvetski Kraljevec, Croatia
| | - Suzana Harabajsa
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Division of Pulmonary Cytology Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Korać
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4606-278
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7
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Quadri M, Marconi A, Sandhu SK, Kiss A, Efimova T, Palazzo E. Investigating Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in vitro and in vivo: Novel 3D Tools and Animal Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:875517. [PMID: 35646967 PMCID: PMC9131878 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.875517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) represents the second most common type of skin cancer, which incidence is continuously increasing worldwide. Given its high frequency, cSCC represents a major public health problem. Therefore, to provide the best patients’ care, it is necessary having a detailed understanding of the molecular processes underlying cSCC development, progression, and invasion. Extensive efforts have been made in developing new models allowing to study the molecular pathogenesis of solid tumors, including cSCC tumors. Traditionally, in vitro studies were performed with cells grown in a two-dimensional context, which, however, does not represent the complexity of tumor in vivo. In the recent years, new in vitro models have been developed aiming to mimic the three-dimensionality (3D) of the tumor, allowing the evaluation of tumor cell-cell and tumor-microenvironment interaction in an in vivo-like setting. These models include spheroids, organotypic cultures, skin reconstructs and organoids. Although 3D models demonstrate high potential to enhance the overall knowledge in cancer research, they lack systemic components which may be solved only by using animal models. Zebrafish is emerging as an alternative xenotransplant model in cancer research, offering a high-throughput approach for drug screening and real-time in vivo imaging to study cell invasion. Moreover, several categories of mouse models were developed for pre-clinical purpose, including xeno- and syngeneic transplantation models, autochthonous models of chemically or UV-induced skin squamous carcinogenesis, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cSCC. These models have been instrumental in examining the molecular mechanisms of cSCC and drug response in an in vivo setting. The present review proposes an overview of in vitro, particularly 3D, and in vivo models and their application in cutaneous SCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Quadri
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simran K Sandhu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexi Kiss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tatiana Efimova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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8
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Wang Y, Mou Q, Zhu Z, Zhao L, Zhu L. MALAT1 promotes liver fibrosis by sponging miR‑181a and activating TLR4‑NF‑κB signaling. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:215. [PMID: 34651657 PMCID: PMC8547543 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether long non-coding RNA metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) could modulate activation and inflammation of hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) via regulation of a microRNA (miR)-181a-toll like receptor (TLR)4/nuclear factor (NF)-κB axis, thereby contributing to the development of liver fibrosis. A total of 151 patients with liver fibrosis were recruited, and the serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase and albumin were determined. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and LPS were used to activate and induce inflammation in the human HSC cell line LX2. MALAT1 was knocked using small interfering RNA or overexpressed, and an inhibitor and mimic of miR-181a-5p were used to examine the effect of MALAT1 and miR-181a-5p on the activation and inflammation of LX2 cells. Both MALAT1 and miR-181a-5p expression performed well in their ability to differentiate patients with liver fibrosis from healthy volunteers, and MALAT1 expression was associated with the severity of liver fibrosis. The expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB were increased after stimulation with LPS or TGF-β1, but MALAT1 knockdown or miR-181a-5p mimic transfection abrogated this increase. Moreover, the TGF-β1-induced increase in viability, proliferation, migration, adhesion and collagen production, and the LPS-induced inflammation of LX2 cells were all reversed after MALAT1 knockdown or transfection with miR-181a-5p mimic. The MALAT1/miR-181a-5p axis was involved in regulating collagen production and inflammation by activating TLR4/NF-κB signaling, which may be conducive to liver fibrosis treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Qiuju Mou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Zhu
- Department of Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Luqiang Zhao
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhu
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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9
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Droll S, Bao X. Oh, the Mutations You'll Acquire! A Systematic Overview of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Physiol Biochem 2021; 55:89-119. [PMID: 34553848 PMCID: PMC8579759 DOI: 10.33594/000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly two million cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are diagnosed every year in the United States alone. cSCC is notable for both its prevalence and its propensity for invasion and metastasis. For many patients, surgery is curative. However, patients experiencing immunosuppression or recurrent, advanced, and metastatic disease still face limited therapeutic options and significant mortality. cSCC forms after decades of sun exposure and possesses the highest known mutation rate of all cancers. This mutational burden complicates efforts to identify the primary factors driving cSCC initiation and progression, which in turn hinders the development of targeted therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the mutations and alterations that have been observed in patients’ cSCC tumors, affecting signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, and the microenvironment. We also highlight novel therapeutic opportunities in development and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephenie Droll
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA, .,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Baltanás FC, Mucientes-Valdivieso C, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Fernández-Parejo N, García-Navas R, Segrelles C, Calzada N, Fuentes-Mateos R, Paramio JM, Bustelo XR, Santos E. Functional Specificity of the Members of the Sos Family of Ras-GEF Activators: Novel Role of Sos2 in Control of Epidermal Stem Cell Homeostasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092152. [PMID: 33946974 PMCID: PMC8124217 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Sos Ras-GEFs are known to participate in a wide range of skin-related diseases including cutaneous cancers, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes, or hirsutism. However, the specific functional roles played by the Sos1 and/or Sos2 family members in specific skin compartments remain largely unknown. This report aimed at precisely characterizing the specific functions played by Sos1 and/or Sos2 in keratinocytes, an essential cellular component of the skin. Our data show that Sos1 and Sos2 make overlapping contributions to both keratinocyte proliferation and survival. However, Sos1 seems to have a preferential involvement in regulating the ERK axis, whereas Sos2 seems to control the signaling output from the PI3K axis. We also uncovered an essential role of Sos2 in the control of the population of epidermal stem cells. Abstract Prior reports showed the critical requirement of Sos1 for epithelial carcinogenesis, but the specific functionalities of the homologous Sos1 and Sos2 GEFs in skin homeostasis and tumorigenesis remain unclear. Here, we characterize specific mechanistic roles played by Sos1 or Sos2 in primary mouse keratinocytes (a prevalent skin cell lineage) under different experimental conditions. Functional analyses of actively growing primary keratinocytes of relevant genotypes—WT, Sos1-KO, Sos2-KO, and Sos1/2-DKO—revealed a prevalent role of Sos1 regarding transcriptional regulation and control of RAS activation and mechanistic overlapping of Sos1 and Sos2 regarding cell proliferation and survival, with dominant contribution of Sos1 to the RAS-ERK axis and Sos2 to the RAS-PI3K/AKT axis. Sos1/2-DKO keratinocytes could not grow under 3D culture conditions, but single Sos1-KO and Sos2-KO keratinocytes were able to form pseudoepidermis structures that showed disorganized layer structure, reduced proliferation, and increased apoptosis in comparison with WT 3D cultures. Remarkably, analysis of the skin of both newborn and adult Sos2-KO mice uncovered a significant reduction of the population of stem cells located in hair follicles. These data confirm that Sos1 and Sos2 play specific, cell-autonomous functions in primary keratinocytes and reveal a novel, essential role of Sos2 in control of epidermal stem cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C. Baltanás
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (L.F.L.-M.); (N.F.-P.); (R.G.-N.); (N.C.); (R.F.-M.); (X.R.B.)
- Mechanisms of Tumor Progression Program, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (J.M.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Cynthia Mucientes-Valdivieso
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (L.F.L.-M.); (N.F.-P.); (R.G.-N.); (N.C.); (R.F.-M.); (X.R.B.)
- Mechanisms of Tumor Progression Program, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - L. Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (L.F.L.-M.); (N.F.-P.); (R.G.-N.); (N.C.); (R.F.-M.); (X.R.B.)
- Mechanisms of Tumor Progression Program, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Natalia Fernández-Parejo
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (L.F.L.-M.); (N.F.-P.); (R.G.-N.); (N.C.); (R.F.-M.); (X.R.B.)
- Mechanisms of Tumor Progression Program, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Rósula García-Navas
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (L.F.L.-M.); (N.F.-P.); (R.G.-N.); (N.C.); (R.F.-M.); (X.R.B.)
- Mechanisms of Tumor Progression Program, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Carmen Segrelles
- Mechanisms of Tumor Progression Program, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (J.M.P.)
- Molecular Oncology Division, CIEMAT and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Calzada
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (L.F.L.-M.); (N.F.-P.); (R.G.-N.); (N.C.); (R.F.-M.); (X.R.B.)
- Mechanisms of Tumor Progression Program, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Rocío Fuentes-Mateos
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (L.F.L.-M.); (N.F.-P.); (R.G.-N.); (N.C.); (R.F.-M.); (X.R.B.)
- Mechanisms of Tumor Progression Program, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Jesús M. Paramio
- Mechanisms of Tumor Progression Program, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (J.M.P.)
- Molecular Oncology Division, CIEMAT and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xosé R. Bustelo
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (L.F.L.-M.); (N.F.-P.); (R.G.-N.); (N.C.); (R.F.-M.); (X.R.B.)
- Mechanisms of Tumor Progression Program, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (L.F.L.-M.); (N.F.-P.); (R.G.-N.); (N.C.); (R.F.-M.); (X.R.B.)
- Mechanisms of Tumor Progression Program, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca-CSIC, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (J.M.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.B.); (E.S.)
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11
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Li X, Kong Y, Li H, Xu M, Jiang M, Sun W, Xu S. CircRNA circ_0067772 aggravates the malignant progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by regulating miR-1238-3p/FOXG1 axis. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:491-501. [PMID: 33709381 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a severe malignancy derived from skin. Dysregulated circular RNAs (circRNAs) might play vital roles in tumor development. OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed to explore the function of a novel circRNA circ_0067772 in CSCC. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or Western blot assay was performed to determine the expression of circ_0067772, microRNA (miR)-1238-3p and forkhead box protein G1 (FOXG1). Cell proliferation was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay. Transwell assay and wound healing assay were employed to examine cell metastasis. Flow cytometry was employed to monitor cell cycle and apoptosis. The target association between miR-1238-3p and circ_0067772 or FOXG1 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, role of circ_0067772 in vivo was investigated via xenograft model in nude mice. RESULTS Circ_0067772 and FOXG1 were upregulated, while miR-1238-3p was downregulated in CSCC tissues and cells. Circ_0067772 knockdown conferred inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasion of CSCC cells. MiR-1238-3p served as a target of circ_0067772, whose silencing could reverse circ_0067772 knockdown-induced inhibitory impact on the malignant cellular behaviors. Circ_0067772 positively regulated FOXG1 expression by antagonizing miR-1238-3p. Additionally, miR-1238-3p could repress CSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting FOXG1. Also, circ_0067772 knockdown hindered CSCC tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study identified a novel oncogenic circRNA and the involvement of circ_0067772/miR-1238-3p/FOXG1 axis in CSCC development, providing a target for CSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6, West Beijing Road, Huaiyin District, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yinghui Kong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6, West Beijing Road, Huaiyin District, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6, West Beijing Road, Huaiyin District, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6, West Beijing Road, Huaiyin District, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6, West Beijing Road, Huaiyin District, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiguo Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6, West Beijing Road, Huaiyin District, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suping Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6, West Beijing Road, Huaiyin District, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Garofoli M, Volpicella M, Guida M, Porcelli L, Azzariti A. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs as Prognostic Factor, Predictor of Drug Response or Resistance and Pharmacological Targets, in the Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092552. [PMID: 32911687 PMCID: PMC7565940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the most common keratinocyte-derived skin cancer in the Caucasian population. Exposure to UV radiations (UVRs) represents the main risk carcinogenesis, causing a considerable accumulation of DNA damage in epidermal keratinocytes with an uncontrolled hyperproliferation and tumor development. The limited and rarely durable response of CSCC to the current therapeutic options has led researchers to look for new therapeutic strategies. Recently, the multi-omics approaches have contributed to the identification and prediction of the key role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), circularRNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of several cellular processes in different tumor types, including CSCC. ncRNAs can modulate transcriptional and post-transcriptional events by interacting either with each other or with DNA and proteins, such as transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins. In this review, the implication of ncRNAs in tumorigenesis and their potential role as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human CSCC are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Garofoli
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Mariateresa Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Michele Guida
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-555-5986
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13
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Li Y, Chen X, Xue W, Liang J, Wang L. MiR-874 Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Glioma Cells and Correlates with Prognosis of Glioma Patients. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:247-255. [PMID: 32803522 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that miR-874 expression was abnormally expressed in many tumors. However, the potential role of miR-874 in glioma remains a mystery. This study aimed to investigate its expression, clinical significance, and cellular function in glioma. A total of 105 glioma patients were enrolled in the present study. The RT-qPCR analysis was used to detect the expression of miR-874 in glioma tissues and cells. The χ2 test was used to analyze the association between miR-874 expression and clinical characteristics of patients. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression assays were used to analyze the prognostic value of miR-874 in glioma. Cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assays were used to explore the alterations in a series of cancer-related phenotypes affected by miR-874, including cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities. The expression of miR-874 was significantly downregulated in human glioma tissue specimens and cell lines. Furthermore, the expression of miR-874 was associated with tumor size, KPS, and WHO grade. The decreased expression of miR-874 was associated with shorter overall survival. Then functional assays indicated that upregulation of miR-874 suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells in vitro. The present study indicated that miR-874 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells and might be a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Li
- Department of Gastroanorectal Surgery, Anqiu People's Hospital, Weifang, 262100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Anqiu People's Hospital, Weifang, 262100, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anqiu People's Hospital, No. 159 Xuefu Street, Weifang, 262100, China
| | - Junjun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anqiu People's Hospital, No. 159 Xuefu Street, Weifang, 262100, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anqiu People's Hospital, No. 159 Xuefu Street, Weifang, 262100, China.
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14
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Lee AY. The Role of MicroRNAs in Epidermal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165781. [PMID: 32806619 PMCID: PMC7460865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which mostly cause target gene silencing via transcriptional repression and degradation of target mRNAs, regulate a plethora of cellular activities, such as cell growth, differentiation, development, and apoptosis. In the case of skin keratinocytes, the role of miRNA in epidermal barrier integrity has been identified. Based on the impact of key genetic and environmental factors on the integrity and maintenance of skin barrier, the association of miRNAs within epidermal cell differentiation and proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, and skin lipids is reviewed. The critical role of miRNAs in the epidermal barrier extends the use of miRNAs for control of relevant skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, ichthyoses, and psoriasis via miRNA-based technologies. Most of the relevant miRNAs have been associated with keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Few studies have investigated the association of miRNAs with structural proteins of corneocytes and cornified envelopes, cell-cell adhesion, and skin lipids. Further studies investigating the association between regulatory and structural components of epidermal barrier and miRNAs are needed to elucidate the role of miRNAs in epidermal barrier integrity and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-773, Korea
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15
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Deciphering the Molecular Landscape of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Better Diagnosis and Treatment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072228. [PMID: 32674318 PMCID: PMC7408826 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common type of neoplasia, representing a terrible burden on patients' life and clinical management. Although it seldom metastasizes, and most cases can be effectively treated with surgical intervention, once metastatic cSCC displays considerable aggressiveness leading to the death of affected individuals. No consensus has been reached as to which features better characterize the aggressive behavior of cSCC, an achievement hindered by the high mutational burden caused by chronic ultraviolet light exposure. Even though some subtypes have been recognized as high risk variants, depending on certain tumor features, cSCC that are normally thought of as low risk could pose an increased danger to the patients. In light of this, specific genetic and epigenetic markers for cutaneous SCC, which could serve as reliable diagnostic markers and possible targets for novel treatment development, have been searched for. This review aims to give an overview of the mutational landscape of cSCC, pointing out established biomarkers, as well as novel candidates, and future possible molecular therapies for cSCC.
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16
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Rezaei T, Amini M, Hashemi ZS, Mansoori B, Rezaei S, Karami H, Mosafer J, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B. microRNA-181 serves as a dual-role regulator in the development of human cancers. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:432-454. [PMID: 31899343 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as the regulatory short noncoding RNAs are involved in a wide array of cellular and molecular processes. They negatively regulate gene expression and their dysfunction is correlated with cancer development through modulation of multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, these molecules could be considered as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for more effective management of human cancers. Recent studies have demonstrated that the miR-181 family is dysregulated in various tumor tissues and plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. They have been shown to act as oncomirs or tumor suppressors considering their mRNA targets and to be involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis and drug resistance. Additionally, these miRNAs have been demonstrated to exert their regulatory effects through modulating multiple signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, TGF-b, Wnt, NF-κB, Notch pathways. Given that, in this review, we briefly summarise the recent studies that have focused on the roles of miRNA-181 family as the multifunctional miRNAs in tumorigenesis and cancer development. These miRNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in human cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Rezaei
- Department of Biology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sarah Rezaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Hadi Karami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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17
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Long non-coding RNA CCAT1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by regulating miR-181a-5p expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8301-8320. [PMID: 32380476 PMCID: PMC7244037 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The vital roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in growing number of studies in tumor development. LncRNA CCAT1 has been recognized as associated with tumor development, yet its relation with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. Our study aimed at elucidating the function and mechanisms of long non-coding RNA CCAT1 in CRC. From a lncRNA profile dataset of 38 pairs of matched tumor-control colon tissues from colorectal patients housed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we detected 10 upregulated and 10 down-regulated lncRNAs in CRC. Fifty cases of CRC patients were enrolled to analyze the correlation between the expression of CCAT1 and clinical pathology. The inverse correlation of expression and target relationship between CCAT1 and miR-181a-5p were verified using qRT-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Cell viability, colony formation ability, aggression and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay, colony formation assay, Transwell and wound healing assays and flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, Xenograft model was used to show that knockdown of CCAT1 inhibits tumor growth in vivo. The expression of lncRNA CCAT1 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues. The CCAT1 expression was positively associated with cancer stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, P<0.05). CCAT1 promoted cell proliferation, growth and mobility by targeting miR-181a-5p and the silence of CCAT1 increased the cell apoptosis. Same effect was observed in an in vivo xenograft model, which the tumor size and pro-tumor proteins were significantly diminished by knocking down of CCAT1.
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18
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Wang W, Shim YK, Michalek JE, Barber E, Saleh LM, Choi BY, Wang CP, Ketchum N, Costello R, Marti G, Vogt RF, Landgren O, Calvo KR. Serum microRNA profiles among dioxin exposed veterans with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:269-278. [PMID: 32285757 PMCID: PMC7908056 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1749919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously an increased risk for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor of multiple myeloma (MM), was reported among Vietnam veterans exposed to Agent Orange and its contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Dysregulated expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) was demonstrated in MGUS and MM. Given the important role of miRNAs in cellular homeostasis, the aim of this study was to determine if there was an association between serum levels of selected miRNAs and TCDD in 47 MGUS cases identified in our previous investigation using serum specimens and exposure data archived by the Air Force Health Study (AFHS). A total of 13 miRNA levels (let-7a, let-7i, miR-16, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-106b, miR-146a, miR-181a, miR-192, miR-205, miR-335, and miR-361) was measured in serum stored during the 2002 AFHS follow-up and the relationship to lipid-adjusted serum TCDD levels in 1987 was determined. miR-34a showed the strongest relationship with TCDD; after age-adjustment, this positive association was more pronounced. In contrast, the other 12 miRNAs displayed absolute values of age adjusted coefficient estimates below 1.16 and non-significant p-values. The observed strong positive association between high body burdens of TCDD and miR-34a, a tumor suppressor regulated by p53, in this MGUS population warrants clarification of the TCDD-miR-34a relationship and its role in the pathogenesis of MGUS and risk for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Youn K. Shim
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA
| | - Joel E. Michalek
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Emily Barber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Layla M. Saleh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Hematology Section, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Byeong-Yeob Choi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Chen-Pin Wang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Norma Ketchum
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Rene Costello
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gerald Marti
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert F. Vogt
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Katherine R. Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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19
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Huang W, Liu J, Hu S, Shi G, Yong Z, Li J, Qiu J, Cao Y, Yuan L. miR-181a Upregulation Promotes Radioresistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Targeting RKIP. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10873-10884. [PMID: 31849491 PMCID: PMC6912017 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s228800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radioresistance is the leading cause of treatment failure for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Therefore, screening the critical regulators in radioresistance and revealing the underlying mechanisms is imperative for improvement of therapeutical efficacy in NPC. Materials and methods Our previous study has proved that miR-181a may serve as a pro-radioresistant miRNA. In this study, we explored the expression of miR-181a in NPC, especially in radioresistant NPC samples, by qPCR. Moreover, the clinical significance of miR-181a level was also analyzed. Furthermore, the functions of miR-181a, both in vitro and in vivo, were detected via a serial of assays such as CCK-8, plate clone survival, apoptosis, and xenograft tumor model. The downstream target of miR-181a was also validated by dual luciferase reporter assay and the roles of miR-181a’s target in the regulation of NPC radioresistance were investigated. Results The results revealed that miR-181a was significantly upregulated in NPC, especially in radioresistant NPC. MiR-181a level is positively correlated to lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stages and negatively associated with overall survival rate in NPC. Ectopic expression of miR-181a in radiosensitive NPC cells, or overexpression of miR-181a inhibitor in radioresistant NPC cells, could enhance or impair the radioresistance of NPC cells supported by the results from both in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Mechanistically, dual luciferase report assay indicated that miR-181a could directly target RKIP. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo experimental outcomes indicated that RKIP restoration and knockdown could antagonize the effects of miR-181a and miR-181a inhibitor in the regulation of NPC radioresistance. Conclusion Collectively, the findings of this study proved that miR-181a is upregulated and promotes radioresistance by targeting RKIP in NPC. Targeting miR-181a/RKIP axis may be a valid path for reinforcing radiosensitivity and eventually improving the outcomes of clinical treatment in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanbiao Hu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Yong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Wu HZ, Xiao JQ, Xiao SS, Cheng Y. KRAS: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Cancer Treatment. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2081-2097. [PMID: 31486755 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190905164144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is the most commonly mutated oncogene in human cancer. The developments of many cancers depend on sustained expression and signaling of KRAS, which makes KRAS a high-priority therapeutic target. Scientists have not successfully developed drugs that target KRAS, although efforts have been made last three decades. In this review, we highlight the emerging experimental strategies of impairing KRAS membrane localization and the direct targeting of KRAS. We also conclude the combinatorial therapies and RNA interference technology for the treatment of KRAS mutant cancers. Moreover, the virtual screening approach to discover novel KRAS inhibitors and synthetic lethality interactors of KRAS are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhou Wu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jia-Qi Xiao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Song-Shu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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21
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Integrated microRNA/mRNA expression profiling of the skin of psoriasis patients. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 97:9-20. [PMID: 31843230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by demarcated, raised, and scaling skin lesions. It often serves as a model for immune-mediated disorders. Gene expression profiling of affected skin has allowed insights into psoriasis pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms leading to specific mRNA expression alterations in psoriasis are barely understood. OBJECTIVES To perform integrated microRNA-mRNA expression studies of non-lesional, peri-lesional, and lesional skin from psoriasis patients. METHODS Cutaneous microRNA and mRNA expression profiles of 14 patients using Nanostring nCounter-technology and RNA sequencing as well as in vitro keratinocyte stimulation and qPCR studies. RESULTS Only 3.5 % of microRNAs manifested a robust gradual expression trend from non-lesional to paired lesional skin, with 61 % being upregulated and 39 % being downregulated. Relevance of these microRNA regulations was supported by their inverse association with 57 % of the mRNA species found to be regulated during psoriatic lesion development. Many of the involved mRNAs were downregulated and functionally related to keratinocyte metabolism, barrier function, and neuronal signaling, and were already regulated in peri-lesional skin. An integrated correlation analysis revealed a robust interaction for 134 microRNAs/mRNAs pairs. In vitro keratinocyte studies of selected microRNAs/mRNAs revealed regulations of all analyzed microRNAs in a psoriasis-like manner by IL-17A/TNF-α (e.g. hsa-miR-23a-3p), IFN-γ (e.g. hsa-miR-106a-5p/miR-17-5p), or IL-24 (e.g. hsa-miR-203a-3p). Moreover, most of their predicted target mRNAs (e.g. ID4, EPHB2) were respectively altered by the same cytokines. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that, during development of psoriatic lesions, defined aspects of psoriasis pathogenesis are regulated by the action of microRNAs.
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22
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Braicu C, Gulei D, Raduly L, Harangus A, Rusu A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Altered expression of miR-181 affects cell fate and targets drug resistance-related mechanisms. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 70:90-105. [PMID: 31703947 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding transcripts which regulate genetic and epigenetic events by interfering with mRNA translation. miRNAs are involved in regulation of cell fate due to their ability of interfering with physiological or pathological processes. In this review paper, we evaluate the role of miR-181 family members as prognostic or diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets in malignant pathologies in connection with the main hallmarks of cancer that are modulated by the family. Also, we take over the dual role of this family in dependency with the tumour suppressor and oncogenic features presented in cell and cancer type specific manner. Restoration of the altered expression levels contributes to the activation of cell death pathways or to a reduction in the invasion and migration mechanism; moreover, the mechanism of drug resistance is also modulated by miR-181 sequences with important applications in therapeutic strategies for malignant cells sensitisation. Overall, the main miR-181 family regulatory mechanisms are presented in a cancer specific context, emphasizing the possible clinical application of this family in terms of novel diagnosis and therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Gulei
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonia Harangus
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "Leon Daniello" Pneumophtisiology Clinic, 6 Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu Street, 400332, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | | | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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23
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Wang HT, Tong X, Zhang ZX, Sun YY, Yan W, Xu ZM, Fu WN. MYCT1 represses apoptosis of laryngeal cancerous cells through the MAX/miR-181a/NPM1 pathway. FEBS J 2019; 286:3892-3908. [PMID: 31152622 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MYCT1 is an important gene known to regulate cell viability and apoptosis of laryngeal cancer cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that MAX enhances the expression of miR-181a by directly binding to its promoter, whereas miR-181a targets NPM1 and suppresses its expression in laryngeal cancer cells. MYCT1 and miR-181a decrease cell viability and colony formation through enhanced apoptosis, whereas NPM1 displays opposite effects in laryngeal cancer cells. Their opposing functions are further supported by the findings (a) that miR-181a is down-regulated, while NPM1 is up-regulated in laryngeal cancer, and (b) that either inhibition of miR-181a or overexpression of NPM1 can revert the pro-apoptotic effects of MYCT1 on laryngeal cancer cells through extracellular and intracellular apoptotic pathways. Our data suggest that MYCT1 may synergistically interact with MAX as a co-transcription factor or a component of MAX transcriptional complex, to transcriptionally regulate the expression of miR-181a, which, in turn, decreases NPM1 expression at post-transcriptional levels, leading to enhanced apoptosis in laryngeal cancer cells. These factors may serve as potential targets for early diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Tan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Tong
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Zhen-Ming Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang City, China
| | - Wei-Neng Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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24
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MicroRNA Dysregulation in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092181. [PMID: 31052530 PMCID: PMC6540078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and it can be locally invasive and metastatic to distant sites. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs of 19–25 nucleotides in length, that are involved in regulating gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs have been implicated in diverse biological functions and diseases. In cancer, miRNAs can proceed either as oncogenic miRNAs (onco-miRs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs (oncosuppressor-miRs), depending on the pathway in which they are involved. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been shown in most of the tumors evaluated. MiRNA dysregulation is known to be involved in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). In this review, we focus on the recent evidence about the role of miRNAs in the development of CSCC and in the prognosis of this form of skin cancer.
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Liu X, Hong L, Peng W, Jiang J, Peng Z, Yang J. The Neuroprotective Effect of miR-181a After Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion and the Associated Mechanism. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:261-274. [PMID: 30949956 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The level of miR-181a decreases rapidly in N2a cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, but its role in this process is unclear. Reelin, a regulator of neuronal migration and synaptogenesis, is a predicted target of miR-181a. We hypothesized that miR-181a reduces neuronal apoptosis and protects neurons by targeting reelin. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) is a protein located in mitochondria that regulates apoptosis. The pro-apoptotic effect of Smac is achieved by reversing the effects of apoptosis-inhibiting proteins (IAPs), particularly X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). We also evaluated the effect of miR-181a on the Smac/IAP signaling pathway after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion in N2a cells. The miR-181a level, apoptosis rate, and the levels of reelin mRNA and protein, Smac, and XIAP were assessed in N2a cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 4 h and reperfusion for 0, 4, 12, or 24 h with/without an miR-181a mimic, or mismatched control. Direct targeting of reelin by miR-181a was assessed in vitro by dual luciferase assay and immunoblotting. Pre-treatment with miR-181a mimicked the increase in the miR-181a level in N2a cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, resulting in a significant decrease in the apoptosis rate. Changes in the miR-181a level in N2a cells were inversely correlated with reelin protein expression. Direct targeting of the reelin 3' untranslated region by miR-181a was verified by dual luciferase assay, which showed that miR-181a significantly inhibited luciferase activity. The Smac level was significantly lower in the miR-181a mimics than the normal control and mimics-cont groups (P < 0.01), whereas the level of XIAP was increased slightly. These findings suggest that miR-181a protects neurons from apoptosis by inhibiting reelin expression and regulating the Smac/IAP signaling pathway after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Nanhua University, No.61 Jiefang west road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Lou Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Nanhua University, No.61 Jiefang west road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Nanhua University, No.61 Jiefang west road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Nanhua University, No.61 Jiefang west road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Jianwen Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Nanhua University, No.61 Jiefang west road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
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Tian J, Shen R, Yan Y, Deng L. miR-186 promotes tumor growth in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting apoptotic protease activating factor-1. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4010-4018. [PMID: 30344679 PMCID: PMC6176155 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) accounts for 20% of non-melanoma skin cancer worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a subtype of non-coding RNA associated with the progression of various types of human cancer. MiR-186 has been demonstrated to act as an oncogene in human tumors. However, the role of miR-186 in cSCC remains unclear. The expression of miR-186 and apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) was examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence. The correlation between miR-186 and APAF1 was determined using a dual-luciferase assay. Mimics or inhibitors of miR-186 were transfected into A-431 cells to establish cell lines with overexpressed or knocked-down miR-186, respectively. EdU staining and colony formation assays were performed to detect cell proliferation. Transwell and wound-healing assays were performed to analyze cell invasion and migration, respectively. Hoechst staining and flow cytometry were performed to assess cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. MiR-186 expression was significantly increased, while APAF1 expression was significantly decreased in cSCC tissues compared with the controls. An miR-186 binding site was predicted in APAF1 and their expression was negatively correlated in cSCC tissues. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration were significantly enhanced in the miR-186-overexpressed A-431 cells and attenuated in miR-186 knockdown cells compared with the control. APAF1 expression was regulated by miR-186, while APAF1 knockdown significantly promoted cell invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that miR-186 serves as an oncogene in cSCC by inhibiting APAF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Rui Shen
- Department of Plastic Cosmetic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhang Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianhe District Chronic Disease Prophylactic-Therapeutic Institution, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510599, P.R. China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Differential Role of the RasGEFs Sos1 and Sos2 in Mouse Skin Homeostasis and Carcinogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00049-18. [PMID: 29844066 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00049-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Sos1 knockout (Sos1-KO), Sos2-KO, and Sos1/2 double-knockout (Sos1/2-DKO) mice, we assessed the functional role of Sos1 and Sos2 in skin homeostasis under physiological and/or pathological conditions. Sos1 depletion resulted in significant alterations of skin homeostasis, including reduced keratinocyte proliferation, altered hair follicle and blood vessel integrity in dermis, and reduced adipose tissue in hypodermis. These defects worsened significantly when both Sos1 and Sos2 were absent. Simultaneous Sos1/2 disruption led to severe impairment of the ability to repair skin wounds, as well as to almost complete ablation of the neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response in the injury site. Furthermore, Sos1 disruption delayed the onset of tumor initiation, decreased tumor growth, and prevented malignant progression of papillomas in a DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene)/TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced skin carcinogenesis model. Finally, Sos1 depletion in preexisting chemically induced papillomas resulted also in decreased tumor growth, probably linked to significantly reduced underlying keratinocyte proliferation. Our data unveil novel, distinctive mechanistic roles of Sos 1 and Sos2 in physiological control of skin homeostasis and wound repair, as well as in pathological development of chemically induced skin tumors. These observations underscore the essential role of Sos proteins in cellular proliferation and migration and support the consideration of these RasGEFs as potential biomarkers/therapy targets in Ras-driven epidermal tumors.
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