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Maneta E, Aivalioti E, Tual-Chalot S, Emini Veseli B, Gatsiou A, Stamatelopoulos K, Stellos K. Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1144229. [PMID: 37081895 PMCID: PMC10110956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1144229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by multiorgan dysfunction caused by a dysregulated or over-reactive host response to infection. During sepsis, the coagulation cascade is triggered by activated cells of the innate immune system, such as neutrophils and monocytes, resulting in clot formation mainly in the microcirculation, a process known as immunothrombosis. Although this process aims to protect the host through inhibition of the pathogen’s dissemination and survival, endothelial dysfunction and microthrombotic complications can rapidly lead to multiple organ dysfunction. The development of treatments targeting endothelial innate immune responses and immunothrombosis could be of great significance for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. Medications modifying cell-specific immune responses or inhibiting platelet–endothelial interaction or platelet activation have been proposed. Herein, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of organ-specific endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis in sepsis and its complications, while highlighting the recent advances in the development of new therapeutic approaches aiming at improving the short- or long-term prognosis in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Maneta
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Eleni Maneta, ; Konstantinos Stellos, ;
| | - Evmorfia Aivalioti
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Besa Emini Veseli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Gatsiou
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- *Correspondence: Eleni Maneta, ; Konstantinos Stellos, ;
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2
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Mariotti A, Ezzraimi AE, Camoin-Jau L. Effect of antiplatelet agents on Escherichia coli sepsis mechanisms: A review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1043334. [PMID: 36569083 PMCID: PMC9780297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1043334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite ever-increasing improvements in the prognosis of sepsis, this condition remains a frequent cause of hospitalization and mortality in Western countries. Sepsis exposes the patient to multiple complications, including thrombotic complications, due to the ability of circulating bacteria to activate platelets. One of the bacteria most frequently implicated in sepsis, Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacillus, has been described as being capable of inducing platelet activation during sepsis. However, to date, the mechanisms involved in this activation have not been clearly established, due to their multiple characteristics. Many signaling pathways are thought to be involved. At the same time, reports on the use of antiplatelet agents in sepsis to reduce platelet activation have been published, with variable results. To date, their use in sepsis remains controversial. The aim of this review is to summarize the currently available knowledge on the mechanisms of platelet activation secondary to Escherichia coli sepsis, as well as to provide an update on the effects of antiplatelet agents in these pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Mariotti
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Haematology Laboratory, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Amina Ezzeroug Ezzraimi
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Haematology Laboratory, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France,*Correspondence: Laurence Camoin-Jau,
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3
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Microscopic Description of Platelet Aggregates Induced by Escherichia coli Strains. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213495. [PMID: 36359892 PMCID: PMC9659130 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their role in haemostasis, platelets are also involved in the inflammatory and antimicrobial process. Interactions between pathogens and platelets, mediated by receptors can lead to platelet activation, which may be responsible for a granular secretion process or even aggregation, depending on the bacterial species. Granular secretion releases peptides with bactericidal activity as well as aggregating factors. To our knowledge, these interactions have been poorly studied for Escherichia coli (E. coli). Few studies have characterised the cellular organization of platelet-E. coli aggregates. The objective of our study was to investigate the structure of platelet aggregates induced by different E. coli strains as well as the ultrastructure of platelet-E. coli mixtures using a scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) approach. Our results show that the appearance of platelet aggregates is mainly dependent on the strain used. SEM images illustrate the platelet activation and aggregation and their colocalisation with bacteria. Some E. coli strains induce platelet activation and aggregation, and the bacteria are trapped in the platelet magma. However, some strains do not induce significant platelet activation and are found in close proximity to the platelets. The structure of the E. coli strains might explain the results obtained.
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4
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Eustes AS, Dayal S. The Role of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immune-Mediated Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7837. [PMID: 35887184 PMCID: PMC9320310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) play important roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. There are three major types of PEVs described based on their size and characteristics, but newer types may continue to emerge owing to the ongoing improvement in the methodologies and terms used to define various types of EVs. As the literature on EVs is growing, there are continuing attempts to standardize protocols for EV isolation and reach consensus in the field. This review provides information on mechanisms of PEV production, characteristics, cellular interaction, and their pathological role, especially in autoimmune and infectious diseases. We also highlight the mechanisms through which PEVs can activate parent cells in a feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S. Eustes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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5
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Ezzeroug Ezzraimi A, Hannachi N, Mariotti A, Rolain JM, Camoin-Jau L. Platelets and Escherichia coli: A Complex Interaction. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071636. [PMID: 35884941 PMCID: PMC9313189 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from their involvement in hemostasis, platelets have been recognized for their contribution to inflammation and defense against microbial agents. The interaction between platelets and bacteria has been well studied in the model of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus but little described in Gram-negative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli. Being involved in the hemolytic uremic syndrome as well as sepsis, it is important to study the mechanisms of interaction between platelets and E. coli. Results of the published studies are heterogeneous. It appears that some strains interact with platelets through the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and others through the Fc gamma glycoprotein. E. coli mainly uses lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to activate platelets and cause the release of antibacterial molecules, but this is not the case for all strains. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms developed in previous studies, focusing on this heterogeneity of responses that may depend on several factors; mainly, the strain studied, the structure of the LPS and the platelet form used in the studies. We can hypothesize that the structure of O-antigen and an eventual resistance to antibiotics might explain this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ezzeroug Ezzraimi
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.E.E.); (N.H.); (A.M.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Nadji Hannachi
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.E.E.); (N.H.); (A.M.); (J.-M.R.)
- Département de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif I, Sétif 19000, Algeria
| | - Antoine Mariotti
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.E.E.); (N.H.); (A.M.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
- Hematology Department, Timone Hospital, APHM, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.E.E.); (N.H.); (A.M.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.E.E.); (N.H.); (A.M.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
- Hematology Department, Timone Hospital, APHM, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-9138-6049; Fax: +33-4-9138-9155
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6
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Ezzeroug Ezzraimi A, Hannachi N, Mariotti A, Rolland C, Levasseur A, Baron SA, Rolain JM, Camoin-Jau L. The Antibacterial Effect of Platelets on Escherichia coli Strains. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071533. [PMID: 35884840 PMCID: PMC9313237 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important role in defense against pathogens; however, the interaction between Escherichia coli and platelets has not been well described and detailed. Our goal was to study the interaction between platelets and selected strains of E. coli in order to evaluate the antibacterial effect of platelets and to assess bacterial effects on platelet activation. Washed platelets and supernatants of pre-activated platelets were incubated with five clinical colistin-resistant and five laboratory colistin-sensitive strains of E. coli in order to study bacterial growth. Platelet activation was measured with flow cytometry by evaluating CD62P expression. To identify the difference in strain behavior toward platelets, a pangenome analysis using Roary and O-antigen serotyping was carried out. Both whole platelets and the supernatant of activated platelets inhibited growth of three laboratory colistin-sensitive strains. In contrast, platelets promoted growth of the other strains. There was a negative correlation between platelet activation and bacterial growth. The Roary results showed no logical clustering to explain the mechanism of platelet resistance. The diversity of the responses might be due to strains of different types of O-antigen. Our results show a bidirectional interaction between platelets and E. coli whose expression is dependent on the bacterial strain involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ezzeroug Ezzraimi
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (A.E.E.); (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Nadji Hannachi
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (A.E.E.); (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.); (J.-M.R.)
- Département de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif I, Sétif 19000, Algeria
| | - Antoine Mariotti
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (A.E.E.); (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.R.); (A.L.)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Clara Rolland
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.R.); (A.L.)
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, SSA, APHM, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.R.); (A.L.)
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, SSA, APHM, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Alexandra Baron
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (A.E.E.); (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (A.E.E.); (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (A.E.E.); (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.R.); (A.L.)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-13-73-24-01; Fax: +33-4-13-73-24-02
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7
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Cognasse F, Duchez AC, Audoux E, Ebermeyer T, Arthaud CA, Prier A, Eyraud MA, Mismetti P, Garraud O, Bertoletti L, Hamzeh-Cognasse H. Platelets as Key Factors in Inflammation: Focus on CD40L/CD40. Front Immunol 2022; 13:825892. [PMID: 35185916 PMCID: PMC8850464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.825892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cytoplasmic fragments derived from the fragmentation of medullary megakaryocytes. Activated platelets adhere to the damaged endothelium by means of glycoproteins on their surface, forming the platelet plug. Activated platelets can also secrete the contents of their granules, notably the growth factors contained in the α-granules, which are involved in platelet aggregation and maintain endothelial activation, but also contribute to vascular repair and angiogenesis. Platelets also have a major inflammatory and immune function in antibacterial defence, essentially through their Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) and Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (SIGLEC). Platelet activation also contributes to the extensive release of anti- or pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted) or CD154, also known as the CD40-ligand. Platelets are involved in the direct activation of immune cells, polynuclear neutrophils (PNNs) and dendritic cells via the CD40L/CD40 complex. As a general rule, all of the studies presented in this review show that platelets are capable of covering most of the stages of inflammation, primarily through the CD40L/CD40 interaction, thus confirming their own role in this pathophysiological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Anne Claire Duchez
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Estelle Audoux
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Theo Ebermeyer
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Charles Antoine Arthaud
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Amelie Prier
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marie Ange Eyraud
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.,Vascular and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurent Bertoletti
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.,Vascular and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, Saint-Etienne, France
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8
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Braathen H, Sivertsen J, Lunde THF, Strandenes G, Lindemann PC, Assmus J, Hervig TA, Apelseth TO. Effect of leukoreduction and temperature on risk of bacterial growth in CPDA-1 whole blood: A study of Escherichia coli. Transfusion 2021; 61 Suppl 1:S80-S89. [PMID: 34269444 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collection of non-leukoreduced citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1) whole blood is performed in walking blood banks. Blood collected under field conditions may have increased risk of bacterial contamination. This study was conducted to examine the effects of WBC reduction and storage temperature on growth of Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922™) in CPDA-1 whole blood. METHODS CPDA-1 whole blood of 450 ml from 10 group O donors was inoculated with E. coli. Two hours after inoculation, the test bags were leukoreduced with a platelet-sparing filter. The control bags remained unfiltered. Each whole blood bag was then split into three smaller bags for further storage at 2-6°C, 20-24°C, or 33-37°C. Bacterial growth was quantified immediately, 2 and 3 h after inoculation, on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 for all storage temperatures, and on days 21 and 35 for storage at 2-6°C. RESULTS Whole blood was inoculated with a median of 19.5 (range 12.0-32.0) colony-forming units per ml (CFU/ml) E. coli. After leukoreduction, a median of 3.3 CFU/ml (range 0.0-33.3) E. coli remained. In the control arm, the WBCs phagocytized E. coli within 24 h at 20-24°C and 33-37°C in 9 of 10 bags. During storage at 2-6°C, a slow self-sterilization occurred over time with and without leukoreduction. CONCLUSIONS Storage at 20-24°C and 33-37°C for up to 24 h before leukoreduction reduces the risk of E. coli-contamination in CPDA-1 whole blood. Subsequent storage at 2-6°C will further reduce the growth of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Braathen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joar Sivertsen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Turid Helen Felli Lunde
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Strandenes
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of War Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Norwegian Armed Forces Medical Services, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jörg Assmus
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor Audun Hervig
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Torunn Oveland Apelseth
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of War Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Norwegian Armed Forces Medical Services, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Guo L, Shen S, Rowley JW, Tolley ND, Jia W, Manne BK, McComas KN, Bolingbroke B, Kosaka Y, Krauel K, Denorme F, Jacob SP, Eustes AS, Campbell RA, Middleton EA, He X, Brown SM, Morrell CN, Weyrich AS, Rondina MT. Platelet MHC class I mediates CD8+ T-cell suppression during sepsis. Blood 2021; 138:401-416. [PMID: 33895821 PMCID: PMC8343546 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating platelets interact with leukocytes to modulate host immune and thrombotic responses. In sepsis, platelet-leukocyte interactions are increased and have been associated with adverse clinical events, including increased platelet-T-cell interactions. Sepsis is associated with reduced CD8+ T-cell numbers and functional responses, but whether platelets regulate CD8+ T-cell responses during sepsis remains unknown. In our current study, we systemically evaluated platelet antigen internalization and presentation through major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and their effects on antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in sepsis in vivo and ex vivo. We discovered that both human and murine platelets internalize and proteolyze exogenous antigens, generating peptides that are loaded onto MHC-I. The expression of platelet MHC-I, but not platelet MHC-II, is significantly increased in human and murine platelets during sepsis and in human megakaryocytes stimulated with agonists generated systemically during sepsis (eg, interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide). Upregulation of platelet MHC-I during sepsis increases antigen cross-presentation and interactions with CD8+ T cells in an antigen-specific manner. Using a platelet lineage-specific MHC-I-deficient mouse strain (B2Mf/f-Pf4Cre), we demonstrate that platelet MHC-I regulates antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation in vitro, as well as the number and functional responses of CD8+ T cells in vivo, during sepsis. Loss of platelet MHC-I reduces sepsis-associated mortality in mice in an antigen-specific setting. These data identify a new mechanism by which platelets, through MHC-I, process and cross-present antigens, engage antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and regulate CD8+ T-cell numbers, functional responses, and outcomes during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sikui Shen
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Neal D Tolley
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Kyra N McComas
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ben Bolingbroke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Krystin Krauel
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Denorme
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Shancy P Jacob
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Alicia S Eustes
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Elizabeth A Middleton
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Samuel M Brown
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Center for Humanizing Critical Care, Intermountain Healthcare, Murray, UT
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT
| | - Craig N Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; and
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center and Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Salt Lake City, UT
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10
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Iba T, Umemura Y, Wada H, Levy H. The Roles of Coagulation Disorder and Microthrombosis in Sepsis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:788-797. [PMID: 34344558 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic criteria of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were established by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) in 2001. Since then, DIC has long been associated with adverse outcomes. However, recent advances in sepsis shed light on the role of coagulation disorders in the progression of sepsis. Currently, inflammation and coagulation are recognized as the two drivers that promote organ dysfunction in sepsis and septic shock. The ISTH has published new diagnostic criteria for improved management, namely sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC), in 2017. SIC is a pragmatic scoring system composed of platelet count, prothrombin time, and organ dysfunction score to detect the early-stage of sepsis-associated DIC. Since overt DIC represents an uncompensated coagulation disorder, a two-step approach using SIC and overt DIC criteria is a novel strategy to evaluate the severity and manage this challenging complication. Although there is no globally agreed on anticoagulant therapy for DIC, the Japanese Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines 2020 recommend using antithrombin and recombinant thrombomodulin for sepsis associated DIC. Since research in this area has been previously reported, an international collaborative study is necessary to develop future diagnostic tools and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Umemura
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka, University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Wada
- Department of General Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Mie, Japan
| | - H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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11
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Gautam I, Storad Z, Filipiak L, Huss C, Meikle CK, Worth RG, Wuescher LM. From Classical to Unconventional: The Immune Receptors Facilitating Platelet Responses to Infection and Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E343. [PMID: 33092021 PMCID: PMC7589078 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have long been recognized for their role in maintaining the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. While their contributions to blood clotting have been well established, it has been increasingly evident that their roles extend to both innate and adaptive immune functions during infection and inflammation. In this comprehensive review, we describe the various ways in which platelets interact with different microbes and elicit immune responses either directly, or through modulation of leukocyte behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leah M. Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (I.G.); (Z.S.); (L.F.); (C.H.); (C.K.M.); (R.G.W.)
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12
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Revisiting Platelets and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): At the Interface of Vascular Immunity and Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176150. [PMID: 32858930 PMCID: PMC7504402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While platelet function has traditionally been described in the context of maintaining vascular integrity, recent evidence suggests that platelets can modulate inflammation in a much more sophisticated and nuanced manner than previously thought. Some aspects of this expanded repertoire of platelet function are mediated via expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns. Activation of these receptors is crucial for orchestrating and sustaining the inflammatory response to both types of danger signals. The TLR family consists of 10 known receptors, and there is at least some evidence that each of these are expressed on or within human platelets. This review presents the literature on TLR-mediated platelet activation for each of these receptors, and the existing understanding of platelet-TLR immune modulation. This review also highlights unresolved methodological issues that potentially contribute to some of the discrepancies within the literature, and we also suggest several recommendations to overcome these issues. Current understanding of TLR-mediated platelet responses in influenza, sepsis, transfusion-related injury and cardiovascular disease are discussed, and key outstanding research questions are highlighted. In summary, we provide a resource—a “researcher’s toolkit”—for undertaking further research in the field of platelet-TLR biology.
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13
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Reddy EC, Rand ML. Procoagulant Phosphatidylserine-Exposing Platelets in vitro and in vivo. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:15. [PMID: 32195268 PMCID: PMC7062866 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological heterogeneity of platelets leads to diverse responses and the formation of discrete subpopulations upon platelet stimulation. Procoagulant platelets are an example of such subpopulations, a key characteristic of which is exposure either of the anionic aminophospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) or of tissue factor on the activated platelet surface. This review focuses on the former, in which PS exposure on a subpopulation of platelets facilitates assembly of the intrinsic tenase and prothrombinase complexes, thereby accelerating thrombin generation on the activated platelet surface, contributing importantly to the hemostatic process. Mechanisms involved in platelet PS exposure, and accompanying events, induced by physiologically relevant agonists are considered then contrasted with PS exposure resulting from intrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis in platelets. Pathologies of PS exposure, both inherited and acquired, are described. A consideration of platelet PS exposure as an antithrombotic target concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Reddy
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret L Rand
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Biochemistry, and Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Guo L, Rondina MT. The Era of Thromboinflammation: Platelets Are Dynamic Sensors and Effector Cells During Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2204. [PMID: 31572400 PMCID: PMC6753373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cells produced by megakaryocytes. In recent years, a robust body of literature supports the evolving role of platelets as key sentinel and effector cells in infectious diseases, especially critical in bridging hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune continuums. Upon intravascular pathogen invasion, platelets can directly sense viral, parasitic, and bacterial infections through pattern recognition receptors and integrin receptors or pathogen: immunoglobulin complexes through Fc and complement receptors—although our understanding of these interactions remains incomplete. Constantly scanning for areas of injury or inflammation as they circulate in the vasculature, platelets also indirectly respond to pathogen invasion through interactions with leukocytes and the endothelium. Following antigen recognition, platelets often become activated. Through a diverse repertoire of mechanisms, activated platelets can directly sequester or kill pathogens, or facilitate pathogen clearance by activating macrophages and neutrophils, promoting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, forming platelet aggregates and microthrombi. At times, however, platelet activation may also be injurious to the host, exacerbating inflammation and promoting endothelial damage and thrombosis. There are many gaps in our understandings of the role of platelets in infectious diseases. However, with the emergence of advanced technologies, our knowledge is increasing. In the current review, we mainly discuss these evolving roles of platelets under four different infectious pathogen infections, of which are dengue, malaria, Esterichia coli (E. coli) and staphylococcus aureus S. aureus, highlighting the complex interplay of these processes with hemostatic and thrombotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,George E. Wahlen VAMC Department of Internal Medicine and GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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15
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16
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The Role of Platelets in Antimicrobial Host Defense. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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17
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Schattner M. Platelet TLR4 at the crossroads of thrombosis and the innate immune response. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:873-880. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0618-213r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mirta Schattner
- Laboratory of Experimental ThrombosisInstitute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX‐CONICET‐National Academy of Medicine) Buenos Aires Argentina
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18
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Impact of Escherichia coli K12 and O18:K1 on human platelets: Differential effects on platelet activation, RNAs and proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16145. [PMID: 30385858 PMCID: PMC6212526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets can interact with bacteria, possibly leading to platelet activation, cytokine and microparticle release and immune signalling. Besides, bacteria can also affect the platelet RNA content. We investigated the impact of non-pathogenic K12 and pathogenic O18:K1 Escherichia (E.) coli strains on platelet activation, RNA expression patterns, and selected proteins. Depending on bacteria concentration, contact of platelets with E. coli K12 lead to an increase of P-selectin (24–51.3%), CD63 (15.9–24.3%), PAC-1 (3.8–14.9%) and bound fibrinogen (22.4–39%) on the surface. E. coli O18:K1 did not affect these markers. Sequencing analysis of total RNA showed that E. coli K12 caused a significant concentration change of 103 spliced mRNAs, of which 74 decreased. For the RNAs of HMBS (logFC = +5.73), ATP2C1 (logFC = −3.13) and LRCH4 (logFC = −4.07) changes were detectable by thromboSeq and Tuxedo pipelines. By Western blot we observed the conversion of HMBS protein from a 47 kDA to 40 kDa product by E. coli K12, O18:K1 and by purified lipopolysaccharide. While ATP2C1 protein was released from platelets, E. coli either reduced the secretion or broke down the released protein making it undetectable by antibodies. Our results demonstrate that different E. coli strains influence activation, RNA and protein levels differently which may affect platelet-bacteria crosstalk.
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19
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Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Berthelot P, Tardy B, Pozzetto B, Bourlet T, Laradi S, Garraud O, Cognasse F. Platelet toll-like receptors are crucial sensors of infectious danger moieties. Platelets 2018. [PMID: 29533683 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1445842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their haemostatic role and function in the repair of damaged vascular epithelium, platelets play a defensive role in innate immunity, having the capacity to produce and secrete various anti-infectious factors, as well as cytokines, chemokines and related products, to interact with other immune cells to modulate immune responses to pathogens. Thus, it is now widely acknowledged that platelets participate in inflammatory processes and infection resolution, most notably by expressing and using receptors to bind infectious pathogen moieties and contributing to pathogen clearance. The ability of platelets to sense external danger signals relates to the expression of certain innate immunity receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the activation of efficient cell signalling machinery. TLR engagement triggers platelet response, which results in adapted degranulation according to: the type of TLR engaged, the nature of the ligand and the milieu; together, the TLR-mediated event and other signalling events may be followed by aggregation. Platelets thus use complex tools to mediate a whole range of functions upon sensing danger. By linking the inflammatory and haemostatic platelet response to infection, TLRs play a central role. The extent of the inflammatory response to pathogen clearance is still a debatable issue and is discussed in this short review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- a EA3064-GIMAP , University of Lyon-UJM , Saint-Etienne , France.,b Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Bernard Tardy
- c Clinical investigation Center-CIC 1408 , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint Etienne , France.,d Intensive Care Unit , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- a EA3064-GIMAP , University of Lyon-UJM , Saint-Etienne , France.,b Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- a EA3064-GIMAP , University of Lyon-UJM , Saint-Etienne , France.,b Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Sandrine Laradi
- a EA3064-GIMAP , University of Lyon-UJM , Saint-Etienne , France.,e EFS Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- a EA3064-GIMAP , University of Lyon-UJM , Saint-Etienne , France.,f Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine , Paris , France
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- a EA3064-GIMAP , University of Lyon-UJM , Saint-Etienne , France.,e EFS Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , Saint-Etienne , France
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