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Casal JJ, Fankhauser C. Shade avoidance in the context of climate change. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1475-1491. [PMID: 36617439 PMCID: PMC10022646 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to changes in the light environment caused by neighboring vegetation, shade-avoiding plants modify their growth and/or developmental patterns to access more sunlight. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), neighbor cues reduce the activity of the photosensory receptors phytochrome B (phyB) and cryptochrome 1, releasing photoreceptor repression imposed on PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) and leading to transcriptional reprogramming. The phyB-PIF hub is at the core of all shade-avoidance responses, whilst other photosensory receptors and transcription factors contribute in a context-specific manner. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 is a master regulator of this hub, indirectly stabilizing PIFs and targeting negative regulators of shade avoidance for degradation. Warm temperatures reduce the activity of phyB, which operates as a temperature sensor and further increases the activities of PIF4 and PIF7 by independent temperature sensing mechanisms. The signaling network controlling shade avoidance is not buffered against climate change; rather, it integrates information about shade, temperature, salinity, drought, and likely flooding. We, therefore, predict that climate change will exacerbate shade-induced growth responses in some regions of the planet while limiting the growth potential in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Casal
- Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura, Facultad de Agronomía, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundaciόn Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Sng BJR, Singh GP, Van Vu K, Chua NH, Ram RJ, Jang IC. Rapid metabolite response in leaf blade and petiole as a marker for shade avoidance syndrome. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:144. [PMID: 33117429 PMCID: PMC7590806 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) commonly occurs in plants experiencing vegetative shade, causing morphological and physiological changes that are detrimental to plant health and consequently crop yield. As the effects of SAS on plants are irreversible, early detection of SAS in plants is critical for sustainable agriculture. However, conventional methods to assess SAS are restricted to observing for morphological changes and checking the expression of shade-induced genes after homogenization of plant tissues, which makes it difficult to detect SAS early. RESULTS Using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we introduced the use of Raman spectroscopy to measure shade-induced changes of metabolites in vivo. Raman spectroscopy detected a decrease in carotenoid contents in leaf blades and petioles of plants with SAS, which were induced by low Red:Far-red light ratio or high density conditions. Moreover, by measuring the carotenoid Raman peaks, we were able to show that the reduction in carotenoid content under shade was mediated by phytochrome signaling. Carotenoid Raman peaks showed more remarkable response to SAS in petioles than leaf blades of plants, which greatly corresponded to their morphological response under shade or high plant density. Most importantly, carotenoid content decreased shortly after shade induction but before the occurrence of visible morphological changes. We demonstrated this finding to be similar in other plant species. Comprehensive testing of Brassica vegetables showed that carotenoid content decreased during SAS, in both shade and high density conditions. Likewise, carotenoid content responded quickly to shade, in a manner similar to Arabidopsis plants. CONCLUSIONS In various plant species tested in this study, quantification of carotenoid Raman peaks correlate to the severity of SAS. Moreover, short-term exposure to shade can induce the carotenoid Raman peaks to decrease. These findings highlight the carotenoid Raman peaks as a biomarker for early diagnosis of SAS in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Jian Rong Sng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Gajendra Pratap Singh
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Kien Van Vu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Rajeev J. Ram
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
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3
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Perrella G, Vellutini E, Zioutopoulou A, Patitaki E, Headland LR, Kaiserli E. Let it bloom: cross-talk between light and flowering signaling in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:301-311. [PMID: 32053223 PMCID: PMC7383826 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The terrestrial environment is complex, with many parameters fluctuating on daily and seasonal basis. Plants, in particular, have developed complex sensory and signaling networks to extract and integrate information about their surroundings in order to maximize their fitness and mitigate some of the detrimental effects of their sessile lifestyles. Light and temperature each provide crucial insights on the surrounding environment and, in combination, allow plants to appropriately develop, grow and adapt. Cross-talk between light and temperature signaling cascades allows plants to time key developmental decisions to ensure they are 'in sync' with their environment. In this review, we discuss the major players that regulate light and temperature signaling, and the cross-talk between them, in reference to a crucial developmental decision faced by plants: to bloom or not to bloom?
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Perrella
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
- ENEA – Trisaia Research Centre 75026MateraItaly
| | - Elisa Vellutini
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Anna Zioutopoulou
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Eirini Patitaki
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Lauren R. Headland
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Eirini Kaiserli
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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4
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Tyagi S, Mazumdar PA, Mayee P, Shivaraj SM, Anand S, Singh A, Madhurantakam C, Sharma P, Das S, Kumar A, Singh A. Natural variation in Brassica FT homeologs influences multiple agronomic traits including flowering time, silique shape, oil profile, stomatal morphology and plant height in B. juncea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 277:251-266. [PMID: 30466591 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural structural variants of regulatory proteins causing quantitative phenotypic consequences have not been reported in plants. Herein, we show that 28 natural structural variants of FT homeologs, isolated from 6 species of Brassica, differ with respect to amino-acid substitutions in regions critical for interactions with FD and represent two evolutionarily distinct categories. Analysis of structural models of selected candidates from Brassica juncea (BjuFT_AAMF1) and Brassica napus (BnaFT_CCLF) predicted stronger binding between BjuFT and Arabidopsis thaliana FD. Over-expression of BjuFT and BnaFT in wild type and ft-10 mutant backgrounds of Arabidopsis validated higher potency of BjuFT in triggering floral transition. Analysis of gain-of-function and artificial miRNA mediated silenced lines of B. juncea implicated Brassica FT in multiple agronomic traits beyond flowering, consistent with a pleiotropic effect. Several dependent and independent traits such as lateral branching, silique shape, seed size, oil-profile, stomatal morphology and plant height were found altered in mutant lines. Enhanced FT levels caused early flowering, which in turn was positively correlated to a higher proportion of desirable fatty acids (PUFA). However, higher FT levels also resulted in altered silique shape and reduced seed size, suggesting trait trade-offs. Modulation of FT levels for achieving optimal balance of trait values and parsing pair-wise interactions among a reportoire of regulatory protein homeologs in polyploid genomes are indeed future areas of crop research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | | | - Pratiksha Mayee
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India; Department of Research, Ankur Seeds Pvt. Ltd., 27, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440018, India
| | - S M Shivaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India; Departement de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Saurabh Anand
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Chaithanya Madhurantakam
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Sandip Das
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- National Phytotron Facility, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anandita Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India.
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5
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Song YH, Kubota A, Kwon MS, Covington MF, Lee N, Taagen ER, Laboy Cintrón D, Hwang DY, Akiyama R, Hodge SK, Huang H, Nguyen NH, Nusinow DA, Millar AJ, Shimizu KK, Imaizumi T. Molecular basis of flowering under natural long-day conditions in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:824-835. [PMID: 30250277 PMCID: PMC6195122 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense light and temperature changes to regulate flowering time. Here, we show that expression of the Arabidopsis florigen gene, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), peaks in the morning during spring, a different pattern than we observe in the laboratory. Providing our laboratory growth conditions with a red/far-red light ratio similar to open-field conditions and daily temperature oscillation is sufficient to mimic the FT expression and flowering time in natural long days. Under the adjusted growth conditions, key light signalling components, such as phytochrome A and EARLY FLOWERING 3, play important roles in morning FT expression. These conditions stabilize CONSTANS protein, a major FT activator, in the morning, which is probably a critical mechanism for photoperiodic flowering in nature. Refining the parameters of our standard growth conditions to more precisely mimic plant responses in nature can provide a powerful method for improving our understanding of seasonal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Song
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Akane Kubota
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael S Kwon
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nayoung Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ella R Taagen
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Dae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Reiko Akiyama
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah K Hodge
- School of Biological Sciences and SynthSys, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - He Huang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nhu H Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Millar
- School of Biological Sciences and SynthSys, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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6
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Tabas-Madrid D, Méndez-Vigo B, Arteaga N, Marcer A, Pascual-Montano A, Weigel D, Xavier Picó F, Alonso-Blanco C. Genome-wide signatures of flowering adaptation to climate temperature: Regional analyses in a highly diverse native range of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1806-1820. [PMID: 29520809 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Current global change is fueling an interest to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to climate. In particular, altered flowering time is a common strategy for escape from unfavourable climate temperature. In order to determine the genomic bases underlying flowering time adaptation to this climatic factor, we have systematically analysed a collection of 174 highly diverse Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from the Iberian Peninsula. Analyses of 1.88 million single nucleotide polymorphisms provide evidence for a spatially heterogeneous contribution of demographic and adaptive processes to geographic patterns of genetic variation. Mountains appear to be allele dispersal barriers, whereas the relationship between flowering time and temperature depended on the precise temperature range. Environmental genome-wide associations supported an overall genome adaptation to temperature, with 9.4% of the genes showing significant associations. Furthermore, phenotypic genome-wide associations provided a catalogue of candidate genes underlying flowering time variation. Finally, comparison of environmental and phenotypic genome-wide associations identified known (Twin Sister of FT, FRIGIDA-like 1, and Casein Kinase II Beta chain 1) and new (Epithiospecifer Modifier 1 and Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 5) genes as candidates for adaptation to climate temperature by altered flowering time. Thus, this regional collection provides an excellent resource to address the spatial complexity of climate adaptation in annual plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tabas-Madrid
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Méndez-Vigo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Arteaga
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnald Marcer
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alberto Pascual-Montano
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Xavier Picó
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Blanco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
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