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Li X, Luo X, Liu Z, Wang C, Lin A, Xiao K, Cao M, Fan J, Lian H, Xu P. FvDFR2 rather than FvDFR1 play key roles for anthocyanin synthesis in strawberry petioles. Plant Sci 2024; 340:111960. [PMID: 38103695 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of anthocyanins can be found in both the fruit and petioles of strawberries, but the fruit appears red while the petioles appear purple-red. Additionally, in the white-fruited diploid strawberries, the petioles can accumulate anthocyanins normally, suggesting a different synthesis pattern between the petioles and fruits. We screened the EMS mutagenized population of a red-fruited diploid strawberry 'Ruegen' and discovered a mutant which showed no anthocyanin accumulation in the petioles but normal accumulation in the fruit. Through BSA sequencing and allelic test, it was found that a mutation in FvDFR2 was responsible for this phenotype. Furthermore, the complex formed by the interaction between the petiole-specific FvMYB10L and FvTT8 only binds the promoter of FvDFR2 but not FvDFR1, resulting in the expression of only FvDFR2 in the petiole. FvDFR2 can catalyze the conversion of DHQ and eventually the formation of cyanidin and peonidin, giving the petiole a purplish-red color. In the fruit, however, both FvDFR1 and FvDFR2 can be expressed, which can mediate the synthesis of cyanidin and pelargonidin. Our study clearly reveals different regulation of FvDFR1 and FvDFR2 in mediating anthocyanin synthesis in petioles and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Minghao Cao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Junmiao Fan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengbo Xu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Aoyagi H, Nakabayashi M, Yamada T. Newly found leaf arrangement to reduce self-shading within a crown in Japanese monoaxial tree species. J Plant Res 2024; 137:203-213. [PMID: 38281225 PMCID: PMC10899421 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A newly found leaf arrangement to reduce self-shading was observed in a Japanese warm-temperate forest. For monoaxial trees that deploy leaves directly on a single stem, leaf arrangements involving progressive elongation of the petiole and progressive increase in deflection angle (the angle between stem and petiole) from the uppermost to the lowermost leaves act to reduce self-shading. However, the progressive reduction in petiole length and deflection angle from the uppermost to the lowermost leaves should also result in the reduction of self-shading. Nevertheless, the latter leaf arrangement has not been reported previously for any tree species. Four Araliaceae species, namely, Gamblea innovans, Chengiopanax sciadophylloides, Dendropanax trifidus and Fatsia japonica, which are typical monoaxial tree species in Japan, were studied. We examined the crown structure of saplings growing in the light-limited understorey in a Japanese warm-temperate forest. Two evergreen species, Dendropanax trifidus and F. japonica showed progressive petiole elongation and progressive increase in the deflection angle from the uppermost to the lowermost leaves. In contrast, saplings of deciduous species, G. innovans and C. sciadophylloides had a leaf arrangement involving progressive reduction in petiole length and deflection angle from the uppermost to the lowermost leaves. The leaf arrangement has diversified among members of the same family, but all four studied species develop a crown with little self-shading that is adapted for growth in the light-limited understorey. Although trees are likely to be under the same selective pressure to reduce self-shading, this study revealed that there is flexibility in its morphological realisation, which has been poorly appreciated previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Aoyagi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
| | - Miyabi Nakabayashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
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Dong Z, Liu Y, Li M, Ci B, Feng X, Wen S, Lu X, He Z, Ma F. Establishment of an NPK nutrient monitor system in yield-graded cotton petioles under drip irrigation. Plant Methods 2023; 19:97. [PMID: 37667292 PMCID: PMC10478469 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of nutrient content in the petiole is one of the important methods for achieving cotton fertilization management. The establishment of a monitoring system for the nutrient content of cotton petioles during important growth periods under drip irrigation is of great significance for achieving precise fertilization and environmental protection. METHODS A total of 100 cotton fields with an annual yield of 4500-7500 kg/ha were selected among the main cotton-growing areas of Northern Xinjiang. The nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), inorganic phosphorus (PO43--P) and inorganic potassium (K+-K) content and yield of cotton petioles were recorded. Based on a yield of 6000 kg/ha as the dividing line, a two-level and yield-graded monitoring system for NO3--N, PO43--P and K+-K in cotton petioles during important growth periods was established, and predictive yield models for NO3--N, PO43--P and K+-K in petioles during important growth periods were established. RESULTS The results showed found that the yields of the 100 cotton fields surveyed were normally distributed. Therefore, two yield grades were classified using 6000 kg/ha as a criterion. Under different yield-graded, the NO3--N, PO43--P and K+-K content of petiole at important growth stages was significantly positively correlated with yield. Further, the variation range of NO3--N, PO43--P and K+-K content in petioles could be used as a standard for yield-graded. In addition, a yield prediction model for the NO3--N, PO43--P and K+-K content of petioles was developed. The SSO-BP validation model performed the best (R2 = 0.96, RMSE = 0.06 t/ha, MAE = 0.05 t/ha) in the full bud stage, which was 12.9% higher than the BP validation model. However, the RMSE and MAE were decreased by 86.7% and 88.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION The establishment of NPK nutrition monitor system of cotton petioles under drip irrigation based on yield-graded provides an important basis for nutrition monitor of cotton petiole under drip irrigation in Xinjiang. It also provides a new method for cotton yield prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Dong
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minghua Li
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxia Ci
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Feng
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wen
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng He
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyu Ma
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Shi F, Zhao Z, Jiang Y, Liu S, Tan C, Liu C, Ye X, Liu Z. Whole transcriptome analysis and construction of a ceRNA regulatory network related to leaf and petiole development in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:144. [PMID: 36964498 PMCID: PMC10039531 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth and development of leaves and petioles have a significant effect on photosynthesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf and petiole development is necessary for improving photosynthetic efficiency, cultivating varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency, and improving the yield of crops of which the leaves are foodstuffs. This study aimed to identify the mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) related to leaf and petiole development in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). The data were used to construct a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network to obtain insights into the mechanisms underlying leaf and petiole development. RESULTS The leaves and petioles of the 'PHL' inbred line of Chinese cabbage were used as research materials for whole transcriptome sequencing. A total of 10,646 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 303 DElncRNAs, 7 DEcircRNAs, and 195 DEmiRNAs were identified between leaves and petioles. Transcription factors and proteins that play important roles in leaf and petiole development were identified, including xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, expansion proteins and their precursors, transcription factors TCP15 and bHLH, lateral organ boundary domain protein, cellulose synthase, MOR1-like protein, and proteins related to plant hormone biosynthesis. A ceRNA regulatory network related to leaf and petiole development was constructed, and 85 pairs of ceRNA relationships were identified, including 71 DEmiRNA-DEmRNA, 12 DEmiRNA-DElncRNA, and 2 DEmiRNA-DEcircRNA pairs. Three LSH genes (BrLSH1, BrLSH2 and BrLSH3) with significant differential expression between leaves and petioles were screened from transcriptome data, and their functions were explored through subcellular localization analysis and transgenic overexpression verification. BrLSH1, BrLSH2 and BrLSH3 were nuclear proteins, and BrLSH2 inhibited the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies mRNAs and non-coding RNAs that may be involved in the development of leaves and petioles in Chinese cabbage, and establishes a ceRNA regulatory network related to development of the leaves and petioles, providing valuable genomic resources for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf and petiole development in this crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Vegetable Research Institute of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Zifan Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chong Tan
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chuanhong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xueling Ye
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Wang C, Chung FY, Lin CC, Gibson JC, McGuire S, Suarez AV, Billen J. The spongiform tissue in Strumigenys ants contains exocrine glands. Arthropod Struct Dev 2023; 73:101246. [PMID: 36822131 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The insect cuticle is multifunctional and often includes projections used for support, communication or protection. Ants in the genus Strumigenys exhibit a peculiar honeycomb-like spongiform tissue that covers their petiole, postpetiole and sometimes also the posterior mesosoma and anterior part of the first gastral segment. The tissue is abundantly developed in workers and queens, and much reduced in males. We found this spongiform tissue is associated with a novel exocrine gland that is made up by class-3 secretory cells that are clustered underneath the major pillars of the cuticular extensions, their associated narrow ducts enter these extensions and open at the surface through small pores. The chemical nature and function of the secretion are still unknown. The honeycomb texture may act in the storage and dispersion of the glandular secretions. In addition to the spongiform tissue gland, the posterior region of the petiole and postpetiole also contain intersegmental petiole and postpetiole glands, of which the ducts open through the intersegmental membrane that forms the connection with the next segment. Future work aimed at identifying the chemicals secreted by these glands will shed light onto the function of these unusual structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- KU Leuven, Zoological Institute, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2466, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Fu-Ya Chung
- National Changhua University of Education, Department of Biology, Changhua, 50007, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chung-Chi Lin
- National Changhua University of Education, Department of Biology, Changhua, 50007, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Joshua C Gibson
- University of Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; University of Illinois, Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Sara McGuire
- University of Illinois, Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Andrew V Suarez
- University of Illinois, Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; University of Illinois, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, 515 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Johan Billen
- KU Leuven, Zoological Institute, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2466, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Han X, Lu HC, Wang Y, Gao XT, Li HQ, Tian MB, Shi N, Li MY, Yang XL, He F, Duan CQ, Wang J. Region, vintage, and grape maturity co-shaped the ionomic signatures of the Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112165. [PMID: 36596113 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ionic elements in wine and in vineyards are gaining attention due to characterization of the wine traits, wine origin tracing, and vine nutrient judging. In this experiment, 19 elements were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 69 wine samples from 4 regions, 3 vintages, and 3 grape maturity levels. Furthermore, the elements related to vine development, such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Cu in the vineyard soil and petioles were determined. Two orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (O2PLS-DA) showed that K, Mn, Co, Sr, B, Si, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn were important elements in distinguishing the regions. High-temperature vintages can bring wines with high levels of Sr in wine. Na, Ca, K, Mg, Rb, Al, Rb, Pb and Fe can be used as signature elements to distinguish wines made from 2 grape maturities. And Cu, Zn, and Mn were the key elements used to differentiate the petioles in the 4 regions. Partial square regression (PLSR) analysis showed that soil pH was positively correlated with Al, B, Ba, K, Pb, Mn, Sr and Rb in wine, and K in wine was significantly positively correlated with element K in the soil. In conclusion, the elemental contents in wine are shaped by the combination of origin, vintage and grape maturity, while some key elements can be used as indicators of origin traceability.
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Sun W, Ma N, Huang H, Wei J, Ma S, Liu H, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Sui X, Li X. Photosynthetic contribution and characteristics of cucumber stems and petioles. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:454. [PMID: 34615487 PMCID: PMC8493697 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthesis in the green leafless blade tissues or organs of plants has been studied in some plants, but the photosynthetic characteristics of stems and petioles are poorly understood. Cucurbitaceous plants are climbing plants that have substantial stem and petiole biomass. Understanding the photosynthetic contribution of cucumber stems and petioles to their growth and the underlying molecular mechanisms are important for the regulating of growth in cucumber production. RESULTS In this study, the photosynthetic capacity of cucumber stems and petioles were determined by 14CO2 uptake. The total carbon fixed by the stems and petioles was approximately 4% of that fixed by one leaf blade in the cucumber seedling stage, while the proportion of the carbon accumulated in the stems and petioles that redistributed to sink organs (roots and shoot apexes) obviously increased under leafless conditions. The photosynthetic properties of cucumber stems and petioles were studied using a combination of electron microscopy and isotope tracers to compare these properties of stems and petioles with those of leaf blade using two genotypes of cucumber (dark green and light green). Compared with those of the leaf blades, the chlorophyll contents of the cucumber stems and petioles were lower, and the stems and petioles had lower chloroplast numbers and lower stoma numbers but higher thylakoid grana lamella numbers and larger stoma sizes. The Chl a/b ratios were also decreased in the petioles and stems compared with those in the leaf blades. The total photosynthetic rates of the stems and petioles were equivalent to 6 ~ 8% of that of one leaf blade, but the respiration rates were similar in all the three organs, with an almost net 0 photosynthetic rate in the stems and petioles. Transcriptome analysis showed that compared with the leaf blades, the stems and petioles has significantly different gene expression levels in photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism; photosynthetic antenna proteins; and carbon fixation. PEPC enzyme activities were higher in the stems and petioles than in the leaf blades, suggesting that the photosynthetic and respiratory mechanisms in stems and petioles are different from those in leaf blade, and these results are consistent with the gene expression data. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we confirmed the photosynthetic contribution to the growth of cucumber stems and petioles, and showed their similar photosynthetic patterns in the terms of anatomy, molecular biology and physiology, which were different from those of cucumber leaf blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Sun
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops. College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops. College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, 301 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jingwei Wei
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops. College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si Ma
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops. College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops. College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shi Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops. College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenxian Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops. College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolei Sui
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops. College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops. College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Dong Z, Liu Y, Ci B, Wen M, Li M, Lu X, Feng X, Wen S, Ma F. Estimation of nitrate nitrogen content in cotton petioles under drip irrigation based on wavelet neural network approach using spectral indices. Plant Methods 2021; 17:90. [PMID: 34407848 PMCID: PMC8371893 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimation of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) content in petioles is one of the key approaches for monitoring nitrogen (N) nutrition in crops. Rapid, non-destructive, and accurate evaluation of NO3--N contents in cotton petioles under drip irrigation is of great significance. METHODS In this study, we discussed the use of hyperspectral data to estimate NO3--N contents in cotton petioles under drip irrigation at different N treatments and growth stages. The correlations among trilateral parameters and six vegetation indices and petiole NO3--N contents were first investigated, after which a traditional regression model for petioles NO3--N content was established. A wavelet neural network (WNN) model for estimating petiole NO3--N content was also established. In addition, the performance of WNN was compared to those of random forest (RF), radial basis function neural network (RBF) and back propagation neural network (BP). RESULTS Between the blue edge amplitude (Db) and blue edge area (SDb) of the blue edge parameters was the optimal index for the estimation model of petiole NO3--N content. We found that the prediction results of the blue edge parameters and WNN were 7.3% higher than the coefficient of determination (R2) of the first derivative vegetation index and WNN. Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were 25.2% and 30.9% lower than first derivative vegetation, respectively, and the performance was better than that of RF, RBF and BP. CONCLUSIONS An inexpensive approach consisting of the WNN algorithm and blue edge parameters can be used to enhance the accuracy of NO3--N content estimation in cotton petioles under drip irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Dong
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baoxia Ci
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wen
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Li
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Feng
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wen
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyu Ma
- School of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production (XPCC), Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang X, Lyu J, Zeng Y, Sun N, Liu C, Yin S. Individual effects of trichomes and leaf morphology on PM 2.5 dry deposition velocity: A variable-control approach using species from the same family or genus. Environ Pollut 2021; 272:116385. [PMID: 33433344 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban green infrastructure is closely linked to the alleviation of pollution from atmospheric particulate matter. Although particle deposition has been shown to depend on leaf characteristics, the findings from earlier studies are sometimes ambiguous due to the lack of controlling variables. In this study, we investigated the impact of leaf morphological characteristics on PM2.5 dry deposition velocity by employing a control-variable approach. We focused on four indices: trichome density, petiole length, aspect ratio (width-to-length ratio), and fractal deviation. For each index, tree species were chosen from the same family or genus to minimize the influence of other factors and make a group of treatments for an individual index. The dry deposition velocities of PM2.5 were determined through application of an indirect method. The results revealed that the presence of leaf trichomes had a positive effect on PM2.5 dry deposition velocity, and a higher trichome density also led to a greater particle deposition velocity. Lower leaf aspect ratio, shorter petioles, and higher leaf fractal deviation were associated with greater PM2.5 dry deposition velocity. The control-variable approach allows to investigate the correlation between deposition velocity and a certain leaf characteristic independently while minimizing the effects of others. Thus, our study can clarify how a single leaf characteristic affects particle deposition velocity, and expound its potential mechanism more scientifically than the published studies. Our research points out the importance of controlling variables, and also provides ideas for future researches on related factors to be found. Meanwhile the results would help provide insight into design improvements or adaptive management for the alleviation of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junyao Lyu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ningxiao Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China.
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10
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Sng BJR, Singh GP, Van Vu K, Chua NH, Ram RJ, Jang IC. Rapid metabolite response in leaf blade and petiole as a marker for shade avoidance syndrome. Plant Methods 2020; 16:144. [PMID: 33117429 PMCID: PMC7590806 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) commonly occurs in plants experiencing vegetative shade, causing morphological and physiological changes that are detrimental to plant health and consequently crop yield. As the effects of SAS on plants are irreversible, early detection of SAS in plants is critical for sustainable agriculture. However, conventional methods to assess SAS are restricted to observing for morphological changes and checking the expression of shade-induced genes after homogenization of plant tissues, which makes it difficult to detect SAS early. RESULTS Using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we introduced the use of Raman spectroscopy to measure shade-induced changes of metabolites in vivo. Raman spectroscopy detected a decrease in carotenoid contents in leaf blades and petioles of plants with SAS, which were induced by low Red:Far-red light ratio or high density conditions. Moreover, by measuring the carotenoid Raman peaks, we were able to show that the reduction in carotenoid content under shade was mediated by phytochrome signaling. Carotenoid Raman peaks showed more remarkable response to SAS in petioles than leaf blades of plants, which greatly corresponded to their morphological response under shade or high plant density. Most importantly, carotenoid content decreased shortly after shade induction but before the occurrence of visible morphological changes. We demonstrated this finding to be similar in other plant species. Comprehensive testing of Brassica vegetables showed that carotenoid content decreased during SAS, in both shade and high density conditions. Likewise, carotenoid content responded quickly to shade, in a manner similar to Arabidopsis plants. CONCLUSIONS In various plant species tested in this study, quantification of carotenoid Raman peaks correlate to the severity of SAS. Moreover, short-term exposure to shade can induce the carotenoid Raman peaks to decrease. These findings highlight the carotenoid Raman peaks as a biomarker for early diagnosis of SAS in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Jian Rong Sng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Gajendra Pratap Singh
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Kien Van Vu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Rajeev J. Ram
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, 1 CREATE way, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
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11
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Gao J, Xue J, Xue Y, Liu R, Ren X, Wang S, Zhang X. Transcriptome sequencing and identification of key callus browning-related genes from petiole callus of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa cv. Kao) cultured on media with three browning inhibitors. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 149:36-49. [PMID: 32035251 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) has ornamental, oil, and medicinal values, and demand in the markets for uniform tree peony seedlings is increasing. Micropropagation could quickly propagate uniform seedlings. However, the heavy browning phenomenon hinders large-scale development of uniform tree peony seedlings. In this paper, we measured the total phenolic compounds content, and sequenced the transcriptomes of tree peony 'Kao' petiole calluses cultured on media with three browning antagonist treatments and fresh petioles to identify the key genes involved in callus browning. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) treatment can reduce production of phenolic compounds and promote callus regeneration. A total of 218,957 unigenes were obtained from fresh petiole and three kinds of browning petiole calluses by transcriptome sequencing. The average sequence length of unigenes was 446 bp with an N50 of 493 bp. Functional annotation analysis revealed that 43,428, 45,357, 31,194, 30,019, and 21,357 unigenes were annotated using the NCBI-NR database, Swiss-Prot, KOG, GO, and KEGG, respectively. In total, 33 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as potentially associated with callus browning. Among these DEGs, 12 genes were predicted to participate in phenolic compounds biosynthesis, three genes were predicted to be involved in phenolic compounds oxidation, and six genes were predicted to participate in callus regeneration. Moreover, six transcription factors were observed to be differentially expressed in the fresh petiole and three treated petioles in tree peony. This study comprehensively identifies browning-related gene resources and will possibly help in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of callus browning of tree peony in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jingqi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yuqian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiuxia Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiuxin Zhang
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Borchers A, Deckena M, Buschmann H. Arabidopsis petiole torsions induced by lateral light or externally supplied auxin require microtubule-associated TORTIFOLIA1/SPIRAL2. Protoplasma 2018; 255:1505-1515. [PMID: 29654520 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although rather inconspicuous, movements are an important adaptive trait of plants. Consequently, light- or gravity-induced movements leading to organ bending have been studied intensively. In the field, however, plant movements often result in organ twisting rather than bending. This study investigates the mechanism of light- or gravity-induced twisting movements, coined "helical tropisms." Because certain Arabidopsis cell expansion mutants show organ twisting under standard growth conditions, we here investigated how the right-handed helical growth mutant tortifolia1/spiral2 (tor1) responds when stimulated to perform helical tropisms. When leaves were illuminated from the left, tor1 was capable of producing left-handed petiole torsions, but these occurred at a reduced rate. When light was applied from right, tor1 plants rotated their petioles much faster than the wild-type. Applying auxin to the lateral-distal side of wild-type petioles produced petiole torsions in which the auxinated flank was consistently turned upwards. This kind of movement was not observed in tor1 mutants when auxinated to produce left-handed movements. Investigating auxin transport in twisting petioles based on the DR5-marker suggested that auxin flow was apical-basal rather than helical. While cortical microtubules of excised wild-type petioles oriented transversely when stimulated with auxin, those of tor1 were largely incapable of reorientation. Together, our results show that tor1 is a tropism mutant and suggest a mechanism in which auxin and microtubules both contribute to helical tropisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borchers
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - M Deckena
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - H Buschmann
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
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13
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Tan GF, Ma J, Zhang XY, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. AgFNS overexpression increase apigenin and decrease anthocyanins in petioles of transgenic celery. Plant Sci 2017; 263:31-38. [PMID: 28818381 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin and anthocyanin biosyntheses share common precursors in plants. Flavone synthase (FNS) converts naringenin into apigenin in higher plants. Celery is an important edible and medical vegetable crop that contains apigenin in its tissues. However, the effect of high AgFNS gene expression on the apigenin and anthocyanins contents of purple celery remains to be elucidated. In this study, the AgFNS gene was cloned from purple celery ('Nanxuan liuhe purple celery') and overexpressed in this purple celery to determine its influence on anthocyanins and apigenin contents. Results showed that the AgFNS gene was 1068bp, which encodes 355 amino acid residues. Evolution analysis showed that the AgFNS protein belongs to the FSN I type. In AgFNS transgenic celery, the anthocyanins content in petioles was lower than that wild-type celery plants. Apigenin content increased in the petioles of AgFNS transgenic celery. The transcript levels of the AgPAL, AgC4H, AgCHS, and AgCHI genes were up-regulated, whereas those of the AgF3H, AgF3'H, AgDFR, AgANS, and Ag3GT genes were down-regulated in the petioles of AgFNS transgenic plants compared with wild-type celery plants. This work provides basic knowledge about the function of the AgFNS gene in the anthocyanin and apigenin biosyntheses of celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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14
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Rodríguez-Celma J, Lattanzio G, Villarroya D, Gutierrez-Carbonell E, Ceballos-Laita L, Rencoret J, Gutiérrez A, Del Río JC, Grusak MA, Abadía A, Abadía J, López-Millán AF. Effects of Fe deficiency on the protein profiles and lignin composition of stem tissues from Medicago truncatula in absence or presence of calcium carbonate. J Proteomics 2016; 140:1-12. [PMID: 27045941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Iron deficiency is a yield-limiting factor with major implications for crop production, especially in soils with high CaCO3. Because stems are essential for the delivery of nutrients to the shoots, the aim of this work was to study the effects of Fe deficiency on the stem proteome of Medicago truncatula. Two-dimensional electrophoresis separation of stem protein extracts resolved 276 consistent spots in the whole experiment. Iron deficiency in absence or presence of CaCO3 caused significant changes in relative abundance in 10 and 31 spots, respectively, and 80% of them were identified by mass spectrometry. Overall results indicate that Fe deficiency by itself has a mild effect on the stem proteome, whereas Fe deficiency in the presence of CaCO3 has a stronger impact and causes changes in a larger number of proteins, including increases in stress and protein metabolism related proteins not observed in the absence of CaCO3. Both treatments resulted in increases in cell wall related proteins, which were more intense in the presence of CaCO3. The increases induced by Fe-deficiency in the lignin per protein ratio and changes in the lignin monomer composition, assessed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and microscopy, respectively, further support the existence of cell wall alterations. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In spite of being essential for the delivery of nutrients to the shoots, our knowledge of stem responses to nutrient deficiencies is very limited. The present work applies 2-DE techniques to unravel the response of this understudied tissue to Fe deficiency. Proteomics data, complemented with mineral, lignin and microscopy analyses, indicate that stems respond to Fe deficiency by increasing stress and defense related proteins, probably in response of mineral and osmotic unbalances, and eliciting significant changes in cell wall composition. The changes observed are likely to ultimately affect solute transport and distribution to the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodríguez-Celma
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Lattanzio
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dido Villarroya
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elain Gutierrez-Carbonell
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Ceballos-Laita
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Rencoret
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José C Del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anunciación Abadía
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Abadía
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana-Flor López-Millán
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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15
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Goh HH, Sloan J, Malinowski R, Fleming A. Variable expansin expression in Arabidopsis leads to different growth responses. J Plant Physiol 2014; 171:329-339. [PMID: 24144490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Expansins have long been implicated in the control of cell wall extensibility. However, despite ample evidence supporting a role for these proteins in the endogenous mechanism of plant growth, there are also examples in the literature where the outcome of altered expansin gene expression is difficult to reconcile with a simplistic causal linkage to growth promotion. To investigate this problem, we report on the analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis plants in which a heterologous cucumber expansin can be inducibly overexpressed. Our results indicate that the effects of expansin expression on growth depend on the degree of induction of expansin expression and the developmental pattern of organ growth. They support the role of expansin in directional cell expansion. They are also consistent with the idea that excess expansin might itself impede normal activities of cell wall modifications, culminating in both growth promotion and repression depending on the degree of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoe-Han Goh
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Sloan
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Malinowski
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden - Centre for Biodiversity Protection in Powsin, ul Prawdziwka 2, Warsaw 02-973, Poland
| | - Andrew Fleming
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
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16
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Yamada T, Okuda T, Abdullah M, Awang M, Furukawa A. The leaf development process and its significance for reducing self-shading of a tropical pioneer tree species. Oecologia 2000; 125:476-482. [PMID: 28547216 DOI: 10.1007/s004420000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2000] [Accepted: 06/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On a monoaxial erect stem of trees with continuous leafing, the older leaves would be quickly shaded by newer (upper) leaves if the trees did not have any compensating mechanisms to avoid self-shading. We hypothesized that the dynamic adjustment of leaf deployment, by regulating the patterns of leaf growth and by changing leaf orientation as leaves age, is a compensating mechanism. To verify this hypothesis, we analyzed leaf development and crown structure of a Far Eastern tropical pioneer tree species, Macaranga gigantea (Rub. f. et Toll.) M.A., which unfolds huge leaves directly on a monoaxial stem with a short leafing interval. Petioles required more than 90 days for full elongation and the petiole angle (the angle between the petiole axis and the vertical) increased over time. Thus, a series of leaves on a stem progressively increased in petiole length and petiole angle from the youngest to the oldest leaves. This is beneficial because it decreases the degree of self-shading within a crown. A simulation suggested that an average crown for the M. gigantea seedlings, which was constructed using empirically determined morphometric data cannot entirely eliminate self-shading within the crown. But an average crown had a lower degree of self-shading, with less dry mass allocation to the petiole than simulated crowns that were identical to the average crown in all but one respect: they had constant petiole lengths or petiole angles. We conclude that M. gigantea seedlings reduce self-shading by regulating elongation of the petiole and changes in the petiole angle with increasing leaf age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Yamada
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan, Japan
| | - Toshinori Okuda
- Global Environment Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan, Japan
| | - Makmom Abdullah
- Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Awang
- Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Akio Furukawa
- Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan, Japan
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17
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Wildi E, Schaffner W, Berger Büter K. In vitro propagation of Petasites hybridus (Asteraceae) from leaf and petiole explants and from inflorescence buds. Plant Cell Rep 1998; 18:336-340. [PMID: 30744246 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro shoot regeneration from sterile leaf and petiole explants and from in-situ-collected inflorescence buds of Petasites hybridus was achieved by a simple two-step protocol. Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium was supplemented with 17.6 μM benzyladenine (BA)+0.54 μM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to induce shoots. After 5 weeks of culture, 40% of the petiole and 27% of the leaf explants produced shoots compared to 76% of the inflorescence buds. Single shoots were excised and subcultured on MS medium supplemented with various cytokinins (N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine, BA, kinetin and thidiazuron). A concentration of 8.8 μM kinetin+0.54 μM NAA performed best in terms of shoot multiplication rate, average shoot length and spontaneous root induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wildi
- Universität Basel, Institut für Pharmazie/ Pharmazeutische Biologie, Benkenstrasse 252, CH-4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, , , , , , CH
| | - W Schaffner
- Universität Basel, Institut für Pharmazie/ Pharmazeutische Biologie, Benkenstrasse 252, CH-4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, , , , , , CH
| | - K Berger Büter
- Universität Basel, Institut für Pharmazie/ Pharmazeutische Biologie, Benkenstrasse 252, CH-4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, , , , , , CH
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