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Doan LM, Miller JS, Brown JW, Forister ML, Dyer LA. Two new species of the hyperdiverse geometrid moth genus Eois (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) from Ecuador, with descriptions of early stages. Zookeys 2024; 1192:111-140. [PMID: 38425443 PMCID: PMC10902787 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1192.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The hyperdiverse geometrid genus Eois Hübner, estimated to encompass more than 1,000 species, is among the most species-rich genera in all of Lepidoptera. While the genus has attracted considerable attention from ecologists and evolutionary biologists in recent decades, limited progress has been made on its alpha taxonomy. This contribution focuses on the Olivacea clade, whose monophyly has been recognized previously through molecular analyses. We attempt to define the clade from a morphological perspective and recognize the following species based on morphology and genomic data: E.olivacea (Felder & Rogenhofer); E.pseudolivacea Doan, sp. nov.; E.auruda (Dognin), stat. rev.; E.beebei (Fletcher, 1952), stat. rev.; E.boliviensis (Dognin), stat. rev.; and E.parumsimii Doan, sp. nov. Descriptions and illustrations of the immature stages of E.pseudolivacea reared from Piper (Piperaceae) in Ecuador are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M. Doan
- Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Conservation of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - James S. Miller
- Entomology Department, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Deceased
| | - John W. Brown
- Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Matthew L. Forister
- Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Conservation of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Lee A. Dyer
- Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Conservation of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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2
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“Lepidoptera Flies”, but Not Always…Interactions of Caterpillars and Chrysalis with Soil. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d15010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lepidoptera, an order of insects traditionally linked to the aerial habitat, are much more diverse in their living environment than the clichéd image we may have of them. The imago stage, which is the most visible in these insects, is not the one that has the most interaction with the environment (usually caterpillars) nor the one that lasts the longest (very often chrysalises). These two stages are often directly related to litter and soil, although only the interaction at the pupal stage seems to follow a phylogenetic logic with two independent evolutionary events for the preference with soil: Use of litter and the upper “O” horizon as protection against predation for the evolutionarily oldest Lepidoptera families, pupation at greater depths (up to 60 centimetres in extreme cases) for the most derived Lepidoptera families; this probably to take advantage of the thermal and moisture buffer provided by the soil. An estimate suggests that about 25% of lepidopteran species worldwide have more or less obligatory interactions with soil.
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3
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Parakkunnel R, Bhojaraja Naik K, Susmita C, Girimalla V, Bhaskar KU, Sripathy KV, Shantharaja CS, Aravindan S, Kumar S, Lakhanpaul S, Bhat KV. Evolution and co-evolution: insights into the divergence of plant heat shock factor genes. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1029-1047. [PMID: 35722513 PMCID: PMC9203654 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Heat Shock Factor (Hsf) genes are widely distributed across the plant kingdom regulating the plant response to various abiotic stresses. In addition to natural selection, breeding and accelerated selection changed the structure and function of Hsf genes. 1076 Hsf genes from 30 genera from primitive algae to the most advanced plant species and major crop plants were used for phylogenetic analysis. The interspecific divergence was studied with 11 members of genus Oryza while intraspecific divergence was studied with sesame pan-genome adapted to diverse ecological niches. B2 genes in eudicots and monocots originated separately while A1 gave rise to the recently evolved Class-C genes and land colonization happened with evolution of A1 genes. An increase in the number of lineages in the Oryza clade with the evolution of AA genome indicated independent domestication and positive selection was observed in > 53% of loci whereas the highly conserved homologues were under purifying selection. The paralogous genes under positive selection exhibited more domain changes for diversified function and increased fitness. A significant co-evolving cluster involving amino acids Phenylalanine, Lysine and Valine played crucial role in maintaining hydrophobic core along with highly conserved Tryptophan residues. A mutation of Glutamic acid to Glutamine was observed in A8 genes of Lamiales affecting protein solvency. Breeding resulted in accumulation of mutations reducing the hydrophobicity of proteins and a further reduction in protein aggregation. This study identify genome duplications, non-neutral selection and co-evolving residues as causing drastic changes in the conserved domain of Hsf proteins. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01183-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Parakkunnel
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - K Bhojaraja Naik
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - C Susmita
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275103 India
| | - Vanishree Girimalla
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - K Udaya Bhaskar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - KV Sripathy
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - CS Shantharaja
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - S Aravindan
- 4Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275103 India
| | | | - KV Bhat
- 4Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
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4
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St Laurent RA, Carvalho APS, Earl C, Kawahara AY. Food Plant Shifts Drive the Diversification of Sack-Bearer Moths. Am Nat 2021; 198:E170-E184. [PMID: 34648399 DOI: 10.1086/716661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLepidoptera are a highly diverse group of herbivorous insects; however, some superfamilies have relatively few species. Two alternative hypotheses for drivers of Lepidoptera diversity are shifts in food plant use or shifts from concealed to external feeding as larvae. Many studies address the former hypothesis but with bias toward externally feeding taxa. One of the most striking examples of species disparity between sister lineages in Lepidoptera is between the concealed-feeding sack-bearer moths (Mimallonoidea), which contain about 300 species, and externally feeding Macroheterocera, which have over 74,000 species. We provide the first dated tree of Mimallonidae to understand the diversification dynamics of these moths in order to fill a knowledge gap pertaining to drivers of diversity within an important concealed-feeding clade. We find that Mimallonidae is an ancient Lepidoptera lineage that originated in the Cretaceous ∼105 million years ago and has had a close association with the plant order Myrtales for the past 40 million years. Diversification dynamics are tightly linked with food plant usage in this group. Reliance on Myrtales may have influenced diversification of Mimallonidae because clades that shifted away from the ancestral condition of feeding on Myrtales have the highest speciation rates in the family.
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Murillo-Ramos L, Sihvonen P, Brehm G, Ríos-Malaver IC, Wahlberg N. A database and checklist of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera) from Colombia. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e68693. [PMID: 34566452 PMCID: PMC8433126 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e68693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular DNA sequence data allow unprecedented advances in biodiversity assessments, monitoring schemes and taxonomic works, particularly in poorly-explored areas. They allow, for instance, the sorting of material rapidly into operational taxonomic units (such as BINs - Barcode Index Numbers), sequences can be subject to diverse analyses and, with linked metadata and physical vouchers, they can be examined further by experts. However, a prerequisite for their exploitation is the construction of reference libraries of DNA sequences that represent the existing biodiversity. To achieve these goals for Geometridae (Lepidoptera) moths in Colombia, expeditions were carried out to 26 localities in the northern part of the country in 2015–2019. The aim was to collect specimens and sequence their DNA barcodes and to record a fraction of the species richness and occurrences in one of the most biodiversity-rich countries. These data are the beginning of an identification guide to Colombian geometrid moths, whose identities are currently often provisional only, being morpho species or operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Prior to the current dataset, 99 Geometridae sequences forming 44 BINs from Colombia were publicly available on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), covering 20 species only. New information We enrich the Colombian Geometridae database significantly by including DNA barcodes, two nuclear markers, photos of vouchers and georeferenced occurrences of 281 specimens of geometrid moths from different localities. These specimens are classified into 80 genera. Analytical tools on BOLD clustered 157 of the mentioned sequences to existing BINs identified to species level, identified earlier by experts. Another 115 were assigned to BINs that were identified to genus or tribe level only. Eleven specimens did not match any existing BIN on BOLD and are, therefore, new additions to the database. It is likely that many BINs represent undescribed species. Nine short sequences (< 500bp) were not assigned to BINs, but identified to the lowest taxonomic category by expert taxonomists and with comparisons of type material photos. The released new genetic information will help to further progress the systematics of Geometridae. An illustrated catalogue of all new records allows validation of our identifications; it is also the first document of this kind for Colombian Geometridae. All specimens are deposited at the Museo de Zoología of Universidad de Sucre (MZUS), North Colombia. DNA BINs are reported in this study through dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-GEOCO, the species occurrences are available on SIB Colombia https://sibcolombia.net/ and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) https://www.gbif.org/ through https://doi.org/10.15472/ucfmkh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidys Murillo-Ramos
- Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia Universidad de Sucre Sincelejo Colombia
| | - Pasi Sihvonen
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Gunnar Brehm
- Universität Jena, Jena, Germany Universität Jena Jena Germany
| | - Indiana C Ríos-Malaver
- Colecciones Biológicas, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Boyacá, Colombia Colecciones Biológicas, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Boyacá Colombia.,McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, University of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, United States of America McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, University of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History Gainesville United States of America
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Simmonds SE, Smith JF, Davidson C, Buerki S. Phylogenetics and comparative plastome genomics of two of the largest genera of angiosperms, Piper and Peperomia (Piperaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107229. [PMID: 34129936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological radiations provide unique opportunities to understand the evolution of biodiversity. One such radiation is the pepper plant family Piperaceae, an early-diverging and mega-diverse lineage that could serve as a model to study the diversification of angiosperms. However, traditional genetic markers lack sufficient variation for such studies, and testing hypotheses on poorly resolved phylogenetic frameworks becomes challenging. Limited genomic data is available for Piperaceae, which contains two of the largest genera of angiosperms, Piper (>2100 species) and Peperomia (>1300 species). To address this gap, we used genome skimming to assemble and annotate whole plastomes (152-161kbp) and >5kbp nuclear ribosomal DNA region from representatives of Piper and Peperomia. We conducted phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses to study plastome evolution and investigate the role of hybridization in this group. Plastome phylogenetic trees were well resolved and highly supported, with a hard incongruence observed between plastome and nuclear phylogenetic trees suggesting hybridization in Piper. While all plastomes of Piper and Peperomia had the same gene content and order, there were informative structural differences between them. First, ycf1 was more variable and longer in Piper than Peperomia, extending well into the small single copy region by thousands of base pairs. We also discovered previously unknown structural variation in 14 out of 25 Piper taxa, tandem duplication of the trnH-GUG gene resulting in an expanded large single copy region. Other early-diverging angiosperms have a duplicated trnH-GUG, but the specific rearrangement we found is unique to Piper and serves to refine knowledge of relationships among early-diverging angiosperms. Our study demonstrates that genome skimming is an efficient approach to produce plastome assemblies for comparative genomics and robust phylogenies of species-rich plant genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Simmonds
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725-1515, USA
| | - James F Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725-1515, USA
| | | | - Sven Buerki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725-1515, USA.
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Moraes SS, Montebello Y, Stanton MA, Yamaguchi LF, Kato MJ, Freitas AVL. Description of three new species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) using species delimitation in an integrative taxonomy approach for a cryptic species complex. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11304. [PMID: 34046252 PMCID: PMC8139274 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Eois Hbner (Geometridae: Larentiinae) comprises 254 valid species, 217 of which were described from the Neotropics and 31 of those having their type locality in Brazil. Since this species rich genus has never been revised, and may potentially include many cryptic undescribed species, Eois embodies a problematic taxonomic scenario. The actual diversity of Eois is greatly underestimated and the Brazilian fauna is poorly known, both because of inadequate sampling and because of the potential existence of cryptic species "hidden" within some nominal taxa. In this study we investigated the diversity within a cryptic species complexes associated to the E. pallidicosta and E. odatis clades. We describe three new species Eois oya Moraes & Montebello sp. nov., Eois ewa Moraes & Stanton sp. nov., and Eois oxum Moraes & Freitas sp. nov., in an integrative taxonomy approach, using morphology, host plant use and species delimitation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeo S Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, So Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ygor Montebello
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, So Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Stanton
- Laboratrio de Qumica de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Qumica, Universidade de So Paulo, So Paulo, So Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lydia Fumiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratrio de Qumica de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Qumica, Universidade de So Paulo, So Paulo, So Paulo, Brazil
| | - Massuo J Kato
- Laboratrio de Qumica de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Qumica, Universidade de So Paulo, So Paulo, So Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andr V L Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, So Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Moraes SDS, Murillo‐Ramos L, Machado PA, Ghanavi HR, Magaldi LM, Silva‐Brandão KL, Kato MJ, Freitas AVL, Wahlberg N. A double‐edged sword: Unrecognized cryptic diversity and taxonomic impediment in
Eois
(Lepidoptera, Geometridae). ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simeão de Souza Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Leidys Murillo‐Ramos
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
- Departamento de Biología Universidad de Sucre Sincelejo Colombia
| | - Patrícia A. Machado
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | | | - Luiza M. Magaldi
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | | | - Massuo J. Kato
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - André V. L. Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
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Rabl D, Alonso-Rodríguez AM, Brehm G, Fiedler K. Trait Variation in Moths Mirrors Small-Scaled Ecological Gradients in A Tropical Forest Landscape. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090612. [PMID: 32911785 PMCID: PMC7563231 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Tropical rainforests are still lost at alarming rates due to timber extraction or conversion into plantations. While losses of species diversity are well documented, less is known about how the functional integrity of insect communities changes with such interventions. Using light-trap samples taken from species-rich moth assemblages in one region in SW Costa Rica, we asked whether the body size of moths and the contribution of warningly colored species change from old-growth forest across disturbed forest toward oil palm plantations. Across three topographic types of old-growth forest, differences were small. Moth species occurring in plantations were substantially smaller than their relatives thriving in natural forest. Similarly, the incidence of warning coloration dropped massively in plantations. Two different types of mimicry (moths imitating wasps or poisonous beetles, respectively) showed their own patterns of variation across ecosystems, yet both color types were very rare in plantations. These results confirm that not only insect species diversity becomes greatly diminished when tropical forests are destroyed: the functional composition and integrity of the insect fauna that remains in plantations is eroding as well. Abstract Along environmental gradients, communities are expected to be filtered from the regional species pool by physical constraints, resource availability, and biotic interactions. This should be reflected in species trait composition. Using data on species-rich moth assemblages sampled by light traps in a lowland rainforest landscape in Costa Rica, we show that moths in two unrelated clades (Erebidae-Arctiinae; Geometridae) are much smaller-sized in oil palm plantations than in nearby old-growth forest, with intermediate values at disturbed forest sites. In old-growth forest, Arctiinae predominantly show aposematic coloration as a means of anti-predator defense, whereas this trait is much reduced in the prevalence in plantations. Similarly, participation in Müllerian mimicry rings with Hymenoptera and Lycidae beetles, respectively, is rare in plantations. Across three topographic types of old-growth forests, community-weighted means of moth traits showed little variation, but in creek forest, both types of mimicry were surprisingly rare. Our results emphasize that despite their mobility, moth assemblages are strongly shaped by local environmental conditions through the interplay of bottom–up and top–down processes. Assemblages in oil palm plantations are highly degraded not only in their biodiversity, but also in terms of trait expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Rabl
- Department of Botany & Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Aura M. Alonso-Rodríguez
- The Gund Institute for Environment & Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Gunnar Brehm
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Phyletisches Museum, D-07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Konrad Fiedler
- Department of Botany & Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
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Murillo-Ramos L, Brehm G, Sihvonen P, Hausmann A, Holm S, Reza Ghanavi H, Õunap E, Truuverk A, Staude H, Friedrich E, Tammaru T, Wahlberg N. A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7386. [PMID: 31523494 PMCID: PMC6716565 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aims to investigate the relationships of the major lineages within the moth family Geometridae, with a focus on the poorly studied Oenochrominae-Desmobathrinae complex, and to translate some of the results into a coherent subfamilial and tribal level classification for the family. We analyzed a molecular dataset of 1,206 Geometroidea terminal taxa from all biogeographical regions comprising up to 11 molecular markers that includes one mitochondrial (COI) and 10 protein-coding nuclear gene regions (wingless, ArgK, MDH, RpS5, GAPDH, IDH, Ca-ATPase, Nex9, EF-1alpha, CAD). The molecular data set was analyzed using maximum likelihood as implemented in IQ-TREE and RAxML. We found high support for the subfamilies Larentiinae, Geometrinae and Ennominae in their traditional scopes. Sterrhinae becomes monophyletic only if Ergavia Walker, Ametris Hübner and Macrotes Westwood, which are currently placed in Oenochrominae, are formally transferred to Sterrhinae. Desmobathrinae and Oenochrominae are found to be polyphyletic. The concepts of Oenochrominae and Desmobathrinae required major revision and, after appropriate rearrangements, these groups also form monophyletic subfamily-level entities. Oenochrominae s.str. as originally conceived by Guenée is phylogenetically distant from Epidesmia and its close relatives. The latter is hereby described as the subfamily Epidesmiinae Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm, subfam. nov. Epidesmiinae are a lineage of "slender-bodied Oenochrominae" that include the genera Ecphyas Turner, Systatica Turner, Adeixis Warren, Dichromodes Guenée, Phrixocomes Turner, Abraxaphantes Warren, Epidesmia Duncan & Westwood and Phrataria Walker. Archiearinae are monophyletic when Dirce and Acalyphes are formally transferred to Ennominae. We also found that many tribes were para- or polyphyletic and therefore propose tens of taxonomic changes at the tribe and subfamily levels. Archaeobalbini stat. rev. Viidalepp (Geometrinae) is raised from synonymy with Pseudoterpnini Warren to tribal rank. Chlorodontoperini Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm, trib. nov. and Drepanogynini Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm, trib. nov. are described as new tribes in Geometrinae and Ennominae, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidys Murillo-Ramos
- Grupo Biología Evolutiva, Department of Biology, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
- Systematic Biology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brehm
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Phyletisches Museum, Jena, Germany
| | - Pasi Sihvonen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Axel Hausmann
- Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, München, Germany
| | - Sille Holm
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hamid Reza Ghanavi
- Systematic Biology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erki Õunap
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andro Truuverk
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Toomas Tammaru
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Systematic Biology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Bruzzese DJ, Wagner DL, Harrison T, Jogesh T, Overson RP, Wickett NJ, Raguso RA, Skogen KA. Phylogeny, host use, and diversification in the moth family Momphidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207833. [PMID: 31170152 PMCID: PMC6553701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect herbivores and their hostplants constitute much of Earth's described biological diversity, but how these often-specialized associations diversify is not fully understood. We combined detailed hostplant data and comparative phylogenetic analyses of the lepidopteran family Momphidae to explore how shifts in the use of hostplant resources, not just hostplant taxon, contribute to the diversification of a phytophagous insect lineage. We inferred two phylogenetic hypotheses emphasizing relationships among species in the nominate genus, Mompha Hübner. A six-gene phylogeny was constructed with reared exemplars and collections from hostplants in the family Onagraceae from western and southwestern USA, and a cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) phylogeny was inferred from collections and publicly available accessions in the Barcode of Life Data System. Species delimitation analyses combined with morphological data revealed ca. 56 undescribed species-level taxa, many of which are hostplant specialists on Onagraceae in the southwestern USA. Our phylogenetic reconstructions divided Momphidae into six major clades: 1) an Onagraceae flower- and fruit-boring clade, 2) a Melastomataceae-galling clade, 3) a leafmining clade A, 4) a leafmining clade B, 5) a Zapyrastra Meyrick clade, and 6) a monobasic lineage represented by Mompha eloisella (Clemens). Ancestral trait reconstructions using the COI phylogeny identified leafmining on Onagraceae as the ancestral state for Momphidae. Our study finds that shifts along three hostplant resource axes (plant taxon, plant tissue type, and larval feeding mode) have contributed to the evolutionary success and diversification of momphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Bruzzese
- Department of Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, United States of America
| | - David L. Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Terry Harrison
- Independent Researcher, Charleston, IL, United States of America
| | - Tania Jogesh
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, United States of America
| | - Rick P. Overson
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, United States of America
- Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Norman J. Wickett
- Department of Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Krissa A. Skogen
- Department of Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, United States of America
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