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Padilla L, Barranco I, Martínez-Hernández J, Parra A, Parrilla I, Pastor LM, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Lucas X, Roca J. Extracellular vesicles would be involved in the release and delivery of seminal TGF-β isoforms in pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1102049. [PMID: 36846267 PMCID: PMC9950116 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pig seminal plasma (SP) is rich in active forms of all three isoforms (1-3) of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), a chemokine modulatory of the immune environment in the female genital tract once semen is delivered during mating or artificial insemination (AI). The present study aimed to examine how TGF-βs are secreted by the epithelium of the male reproductive tract and how they are transported in semen, emphasizing the interplay with seminal extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Methods Source of TGF-βs was examined by immunohistochemistry in testis, epididymis, and accessory sex glands, by immunocytochemistry in ejaculated spermatozoa, and by Luminex xMAP® technology in SP and sEVs retrieved from healthy, fertile male pigs used as breeders in AI programs. Results All three TGF-β isoforms were expressed in all reproductive tissues explored and would be released into ductal lumen either in soluble form or associated with sEVs. Ejaculated spermatozoa expressed all three TGF-β isoforms, both inside and outside, probably the outer one associated with membrane-bound sEVs. The results confirmed that pig SP contains all three TGF-β isoforms and demonstrated that a substantial portion of them is associated with sEVs. Discussion Seminal EVs would be involved in the cellular secretion of the active forms of seminal TGF-β isoforms and in their safe transport from the male to the female reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Padilla
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Barranco
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Martínez-Hernández
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Parra
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Pastor
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Xiomara Lucas
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
Seminal fluid is often assumed to have just one function in mammalian reproduction, delivering sperm to fertilize oocytes. But seminal fluid also transmits signaling agents that interact with female reproductive tissues to facilitate conception and .pregnancy. Upon seminal fluid contact, female tissues initiate a controlled inflammatory response that affects several aspects of reproductive function to ultimately maximize the chances of a male producing healthy offspring. This effect is best characterized in mice, where the female response involves several steps. Initially, seminal fluid factors cause leukocytes to infiltrate the female reproductive tract, and to selectively target and eliminate excess sperm. Other signals stimulate ovulation, induce an altered transcriptional program in female tract tissues that modulates embryo developmental programming, and initiate immune adaptations to promote receptivity to implantation and placental development. A key result is expansion of the pool of regulatory T cells that assist implantation by suppressing inflammation, mediating tolerance to male transplantation antigens, and promoting uterine vascular adaptation and placental development. Principal signaling agents in seminal fluid include prostaglandins and transforming growth factor-β. The balance of male signals affects the nature of the female response, providing a mechanism of ‟cryptic female choiceˮ that influences female reproductive investment. Male-female seminal fluid signaling is evident in all mammalian species investigated including human, and effects of seminal fluid in invertebrates indicate evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Understanding the female response to seminal fluid will shed new light on infertility and pregnancy disorders and is critical to defining how events at conception influence offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Schjenken
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Barranco I, Padilla L, Pérez-Patiño C, Vazquez JM, Martínez EA, Rodríguez-Martínez H, Roca J, Parrilla I. Seminal Plasma Cytokines Are Predictive of the Outcome of Boar Sperm Preservation. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:436. [PMID: 31867346 PMCID: PMC6904304 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Boar seminal plasma is rich in cytokines, which could influence the capability of spermatozoa to tolerate preservation. Objectives: To evaluate the involvement of boar seminal plasma cytokines in the changes experienced by boar spermatozoa during their storage, either in liquid or frozen state. Materials and Methods: In two separated experiments, semen samples from healthy and fertile boars were split in two aliquots, one centrifuged twice (1,500 ×g for 10 min) to harvest seminal plasma, whereas the other was either commercially extended (3 × 107 sperm/mL) and liquid-stored at 17°C during 144 h (n = 28, Experiment 1) or frozen-thawed using a standard 0.5 mL protocol (n = 27, Experiment 2). Sixteen cytokines were quantified using Luminex xMAP®. Sperm attributes (CASA-evaluated total and progressive motility; flow cytometry-evaluated sperm viability, production of intracellular H2O2 and O 2 • - and levels of lipid peroxidation in viable spermatozoa) were evaluated either at 0, 72, or 144 h of liquid storage (Experiment 1) or before freezing and at 30- and 150-min post-thawing (Experiment 2). Results: Multiple linear regression models, with Bayesian approach for variable selection, revealed that the anti-inflammatory TGF-β2, TGF-β3, IL-1Ra, and IL-4 and the pro-inflammatory IL-8 and IL-18, predicted changes in sperm motility for liquid-stored semen while the anti-inflammatory IFN-γ was included in the models predicting changes in all sperm attributes for cryopreserved semen. Conclusion: Specific boar seminal plasma cytokines would contribute to modulate the structural and metabolic changes shown by spermatozoa during preservation, either in liquid or frozen state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barranco
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Lorena Padilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Patiño
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M Vazquez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio A Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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De Lazari FL, Sontag ER, Schneider A, Araripe Moura AA, Vasconcelos FR, Nagano CS, Dalberto PF, Bizarro CV, Mattos RC, Mascarenhas Jobim MI, Bustamante-Filho IC. Proteomic identification of boar seminal plasma proteins related to sperm resistance to cooling at 17 °C. Theriogenology 2019; 147:135-145. [PMID: 31780059 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The modern pig industry relies on extensive use of artificial insemination with cooled semen. It is important that semen doses maintain their quality during processing, transport and storage before insemination to guarantee maximum fertility rates. However, ejaculates may respond differently to liquid preservation at 17 °C, despite the optimal quality assessed before cooling. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify differences in seminal plasma proteome of ejaculates with a higher or lower seminal resistance to storage at 17 °C. A total of 148 ejaculates from 65 sexually mature healthy boars were classified as: High Resistance to cooling (HR, total motility > 60% at 144h) and Low resistance to cooling (LR, total motility <60 at 72h). To identify differentially expressed seminal plasma proteins between HR and LR ejaculates, ten ejaculates of each group were analyzed by 2D SDS-PAGE and ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. The proteins associated with HR ejaculates were cathepsin B (spot 2803 and 6601, p < 0.01); spermadhesin PSP-I (spots 3101 and 3103, p < 0.05); epididymal secretory protein E1 precursor (spot 2101, p < 0.05) and IgGFc binding protein (spot 1603, p < 0.01). The protein associated with LR group was the Major seminal plasma PSPI (spot 9103, p < 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the association of boar seminal plasma proteins to semen resistance to cold storage at 17 °C. These results suggest the use of these proteins as biomarkers for semen resistance to preservation at 17 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Lucca De Lazari
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Rua Avelino Tallini, 171, 95914-014, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Elistone Rafael Sontag
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Rua Avelino Tallini, 171, 95914-014, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexander Schneider
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Rua Avelino Tallini, 171, 95914-014, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Roger Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Celso Shiniti Nagano
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ferrari Dalberto
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Valim Bizarro
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Costa Mattos
- REPROLAB, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan Cunha Bustamante-Filho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Rua Avelino Tallini, 171, 95914-014, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
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