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Tientcheu JPD, Ngueguim FT, Gounoue RK, Mbock MA, Ngapout R, Kandeda AK, Dimo T. The extract of Sclerocarya birrea, Nauclea latifolia, and Piper longum mixture ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2773-2796. [PMID: 37821784 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction is linked to chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, cholinergic dysfunction, and neuronal degeneration. We investigated the antidiabetic and neuroprotective activity of a mixture of Sclerocarya birrea, Nauclea latifolia, and Piper longum (SNP) in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat model-induced memory impairment. Fructose (10%) and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) were used to induce T2D in male Wistar rats. Diabetic animals received distilled water, metformin (200 mg/kg), or SNP mixture (75, 150, or 300 mg/kg). HPLC-MS profiling of the mixture was performed. Behavioral testing was conducted using the Y-maze, NORT, and Morris water mazes to assess learning and memory. Biochemical markers were evaluated, including carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative/nitrative stress, pro-inflammatory markers, and acetylcholinesterase activity. Histopathological examination of the pancreas and hippocampus was also performed. Fructose/STZ administration resulted in T2D, impaired short- and long-term memory, significantly increased oxidative/nitrative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), hippocampal neuronal loss and degeneration in CA1 and CA3 subfields, and neuronal vacuolation in DG. SNP mixture at 150 and 300 mg/kg significantly improved blood glucose and memory function in diabetic rats. The mixture reduced oxidative/nitrative stress and increased endogenous antioxidant levels. It also reduced serum IL-1β, INF-γ and TNF-α levels and ameliorated AChE activity. Histologically, SNP protected hippocampus neurons against T2D-induced neuronal necrosis and degeneration. We conclude that the aqueous extract of SNP mixture has antidiabetic and neuroprotective activities thanks to active metabolites identified in the plant mixture, which consequently normalized blood glucose, protected hippocampus neurons, and improved memory function in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence Tsofack Ngueguim
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Racéline Kamkumo Gounoue
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michel Arnaud Mbock
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24 157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Rodrigue Ngapout
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Antoine Kavaye Kandeda
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Théophile Dimo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Nair A, Greeny A, Nandan A, Sah RK, Jose A, Dyawanapelly S, Junnuthula V, K V A, Sadanandan P. Advanced drug delivery and therapeutic strategies for tuberculosis treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:414. [PMID: 37946240 PMCID: PMC10634178 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative approaches for effective treatment. Conventional TB therapy encounters several limitations, including extended treatment duration, drug resistance, patient noncompliance, poor bioavailability, and suboptimal targeting. Advanced drug delivery strategies have emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges. They have the potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes and improve TB patient compliance by providing benefits such as multiple drug encapsulation, sustained release, targeted delivery, reduced dosing frequency, and minimal side effects. This review examines the current landscape of drug delivery strategies for effective TB management, specifically highlighting lipid nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, emulsion-based systems, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and hydrogels as promising approaches. Furthermore, emerging therapeutic strategies like targeted therapy, long-acting therapeutics, extrapulmonary therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are emphasized. The review also discusses the future trajectory and challenges of developing drug delivery systems for TB. In conclusion, nanomedicine has made substantial progress in addressing the challenges posed by conventional TB drugs. Moreover, by harnessing the unique targeting abilities, extended duration of action, and specificity of advanced therapeutics, innovative solutions are offered that have the potential to revolutionize TB therapy, thereby enhancing treatment outcomes and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Alosh Greeny
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | | | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Prashant Sadanandan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
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Marimuthu SCV, Murugesan J, Babkiewicz E, Maszczyk P, Sankaranarayanan M, Thangamariappan E, Rosy JC, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Kunjiappan S, Balakrishnan V, Sundar K. Pharmacoinformatics-Based Approach for Uncovering the Quorum-Quenching Activity of Phytocompounds against the Oral Pathogen, Streptococcus mutans. Molecules 2023; 28:5514. [PMID: 37513386 PMCID: PMC10383507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, a gram-positive oral pathogen, is the primary causative agent of dental caries. Biofilm formation, a critical characteristic of S. mutans, is regulated by quorum sensing (QS). This study aimed to utilize pharmacoinformatics techniques to screen and identify effective phytochemicals that can target specific proteins involved in the quorum sensing pathway of S. mutans. A computational approach involving homology modeling, model validation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed. The 3D structures of the quorum sensing target proteins, namely SecA, SMU1784c, OppC, YidC2, CiaR, SpaR, and LepC, were modeled using SWISS-MODEL and validated using a Ramachandran plot. Metabolites from Azadirachta indica (Neem), Morinda citrifolia (Noni), and Salvadora persica (Miswak) were docked against these proteins using AutoDockTools. MD simulations were conducted to assess stable interactions between the highest-scoring ligands and the target proteins. Additionally, the ADMET properties of the ligands were evaluated using SwissADME and pkCSM tools. The results demonstrated that campesterol, meliantrol, stigmasterol, isofucosterol, and ursolic acid exhibited the strongest binding affinity for CiaR, LepC, OppC, SpaR, and Yidc2, respectively. Furthermore, citrostadienol showed the highest binding affinity for both SMU1784c and SecA. Notably, specific amino acid residues, including ASP86, ARG182, ILE179, GLU143, ASP237, PRO101, and VAL84 from CiaR, LepC, OppC, SecA, SMU1784c, SpaR, and YidC2, respectively, exhibited significant interactions with their respective ligands. While the docking study indicated favorable binding energies, the MD simulations and ADMET studies underscored the substantial binding affinity and stability of the ligands with the target proteins. However, further in vitro studies are necessary to validate the efficacy of these top hits against S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayaprabhakaran Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani 333031, India
| | | | - Joseph Christina Rosy
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | | | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Vanavil Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Krishnan Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
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Bidkhori HR, Farshchian M, Kazemi Noughabi M, Hassanzadeh H, Rafatpanah H. Alteration of immunoregulatory genes expression in mesenchymal stromal cells upon priming with B18R as an interferon binding protein. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:241-247. [PMID: 36742146 PMCID: PMC9869884 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.67353.14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The B18R protein encoded by the Vaccinia virus decoys Type 1 interferons and inhibits the activity of several type I IFN members. In vitro transcription protocols benefit from this molecule's involvement in enhancing cell viability by inhibiting interferon signal transduction. As a result of their immunomodulatory properties and potential to regenerate, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly considered an alternative treatment for a wide range of immune disorders. In this study, we investigated the modification of expression of several genes involved in immune-related pathways after preconditioning MSCs with two immune stimuli, including poly(I:C) and LPS. Materials and Methods ASCs were isolated and primed with B18R, and after exposure to poly(I:C) and LPS, the expression of the same sets of genes as in the previous experiment was evaluated. Following total RNA isolation from primed cells and cDNA preparation, real-time quantitative PCR was performed for several immunomodulatory and immune-related genes, including IDO1, TDO2, COX-2, TGF- β 1, TNF- α, IL-1 β , IL-6, TLR3, TLR4, and MCP-1. Results Pretreatment of MSCs with poly(I:C) and LPS significantly increased the expression of all mentioned genes, while upon the B18R challenge followed by poly(I:C) and LPS treatment, they were down-regulated. Finally, it was observed that the relative expression level of IFN -β has significantly decreased in MSCs+B18R+poly(I:C) and LPS in comparison with these groups without B18R. Conclusion The data indicated that the presence of B18R prevents the overexpression of several immune-related genes, which are overexpressed in the in vitro inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Farshchian
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Halimeh Hassanzadeh
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Houshang Rafatpanah. Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-3 800 2376;
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Ali T, Hussain F, Kayani HUR, Naeem M, Anjum F. The role of mitochondria and mitophagy in cell senescence. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37437987 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial malfunction and cell senescence have been defined as the hallmarks of aging. Cell senescence leads to the loss of health allied with aging. While deciphering the complex association between mitochondria and cellular senescence, it is observed that senescence has a two-faced nature being beneficial and hazardous. This duality of cellular senescence is associated with circumstantial aspects. During the process of cellular senescence, dysfunctional mitochondria are accumulated, the efficiency of the oxidative phosphorylation process declines along with the enhanced synthesis of reactive oxygen species. It is suggested that reduction in the negative consequences of senescence throughout old age might be accomplished by targeting the mitochondria as all roads lead towards mitochondria. It is unclear how perturbation of mitophagy in senescence results in the accumulation of mitochondria, impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis and onset of diseases. Understanding this complex interplay will bring about a long yet healthy lifespan. But definitely casual and specific players contribute in the initiation and conservation of the cell senescence. Variations in metabolism, quality control and dynamics of mitochondria are observed during cell aging process. Several On-target and Off-target mechanisms can also cause side effects in cellular senescence. Translational research of these mechanisms may lead to effective clinical interventions. This chapter reviews the role of mitochondria, homeostatic mechanisms and mitophagy as drivers and effectors of cell senescence along with multiple signalling pathways that lead to the initiation, maintenance, induction and suppression of cellular aging process during health and disease.
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Maruggi G, Ulmer JB, Rappuoli R, Yu D. Self-amplifying mRNA-Based Vaccine Technology and Its Mode of Action. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 440:31-70. [PMID: 33861374 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-amplifying mRNAs derived from the genomes of positive-strand RNA viruses have recently come into focus as a promising technology platform for vaccine development. Non-virally delivered self-amplifying mRNA vaccines have the potential to be highly versatile, potent, streamlined, scalable, and inexpensive. By amplifying their genome and the antigen encoding mRNA in the host cell, the self-amplifying mRNA mimics a viral infection, resulting in sustained levels of the target protein combined with self-adjuvanting innate immune responses, ultimately leading to potent and long-lasting antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Moreover, in principle, any eukaryotic sequence could be encoded by self-amplifying mRNA without the need to change the manufacturing process, thereby enabling a much faster and flexible research and development timeline than the current vaccines and hence a quicker response to emerging infectious diseases. This chapter highlights the rapid progress made in using non-virally delivered self-amplifying mRNA-based vaccines against infectious diseases in animal models. We provide an overview of the unique attributes of this vaccine approach, summarize the growing body of work defining its mechanism of action, discuss the current challenges and latest advances, and highlight perspectives about the future of this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dong Yu
- GSK, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA. .,Dynavax Technologies, 2100 Powell Street Suite, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
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7
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Leonardelli L, Lofano G, Selvaggio G, Parolo S, Giampiccolo S, Tomasoni D, Domenici E, Priami C, Song H, Medini D, Marchetti L, Siena E. Literature Mining and Mechanistic Graphical Modelling to Improve mRNA Vaccine Platforms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738388. [PMID: 34557200 PMCID: PMC8454234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA vaccines represent a milestone in the history of vaccinology. They provide several advantages over more traditional approaches to vaccine development, showing strong immunogenicity and an overall favorable safety profile. While preclinical testing has provided some key insights on how RNA vaccines interact with the innate immune system, their mechanism of action appears to be fragmented amid the literature, making it difficult to formulate new hypotheses to be tested in clinical settings and ultimately improve this technology platform. Here, we propose a systems biology approach, based on the combination of literature mining and mechanistic graphical modeling, to consolidate existing knowledge around mRNA vaccines mode of action and enhance the translatability of preclinical hypotheses into clinical evidence. A Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipeline for automated knowledge extraction retrieved key biological evidences that were joined into an interactive mechanistic graphical model representing the chain of immune events induced by mRNA vaccines administration. The achieved mechanistic graphical model will help the design of future experiments, foster the generation of new hypotheses and set the basis for the development of mathematical models capable of simulating and predicting the immune response to mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Leonardelli
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Selvaggio
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Silvia Parolo
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Stefano Giampiccolo
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Danilo Tomasoni
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Corrado Priami
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Marchetti
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Emilio Siena
- Data Science and Computational Vaccinology, GSK, Siena, Italy
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8
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Minnaert AK, Vanluchene H, Verbeke R, Lentacker I, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K, Sanders NN, Remaut K. Strategies for controlling the innate immune activity of conventional and self-amplifying mRNA therapeutics: Getting the message across. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113900. [PMID: 34324884 PMCID: PMC8325057 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent approval of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines to combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlights the potential of both conventional mRNA and self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) as a flexible immunotherapy platform to treat infectious diseases. Besides the antigen it encodes, mRNA itself has an immune-stimulating activity that can contribute to vaccine efficacy. This self-adjuvant effect, however, will interfere with mRNA translation and may influence the desired therapeutic outcome. To further exploit its potential as a versatile therapeutic platform, it will be crucial to control mRNA's innate immune-stimulating properties. In this regard, we describe the mechanisms behind the innate immune recognition of mRNA and provide an extensive overview of strategies to control its innate immune-stimulating activity. These strategies range from modifications to the mRNA backbone itself, optimization of production and purification processes to the combination with innate immune inhibitors. Furthermore, we discuss the delicate balance of the self-adjuvant effect in mRNA vaccination strategies, which can be both beneficial and detrimental to the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Katrien Minnaert
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Helena Vanluchene
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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9
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Minnaert AK, Devoldere J, Peynshaert K, Vercruysse L, De Smedt SC, Remaut K. Vaccinia Virus Protein B18R: Influence on mRNA Immunogenicity and Translation upon Non-Viral Delivery in Different Ocular Cell Types. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:74. [PMID: 33430462 PMCID: PMC7827308 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, interest has grown in the use of nucleic acids as an ocular therapy for retinal genetic diseases. Recently, our research group has demonstrated that mRNA delivery could result in effective protein expression in ocular cells following subretinal injection. Yet, although mRNA therapy comes with many advantages, its immunogenicity resulting in hampered mRNA translation delays development to the clinic. Therefore, several research groups investigate possible strategies to reduce this innate immunity. In this study, we focus on B18R, an immune inhibitor to suppress the mRNA-induced innate immune responses in two ocular cell types. We made use of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and Müller cells both as immortalized cell lines and primary bovine cells. When cells were co-incubated with both B18R and mRNA-MessengerMAX lipoplexes we observed an increase in transfection efficiency accompanied by a decrease in interferon-β production, except for the Müller cells. Moreover, uptake efficiency and cell viability were not hampered. Taken together, we showed that the effect of B18R is cell type-dependent but remains a possible strategy to improve mRNA translation in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Katrien Minnaert
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.-K.M.); (J.D.); (K.P.); (L.V.); (S.C.D.S.)
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joke Devoldere
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.-K.M.); (J.D.); (K.P.); (L.V.); (S.C.D.S.)
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen Peynshaert
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.-K.M.); (J.D.); (K.P.); (L.V.); (S.C.D.S.)
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laure Vercruysse
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.-K.M.); (J.D.); (K.P.); (L.V.); (S.C.D.S.)
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.-K.M.); (J.D.); (K.P.); (L.V.); (S.C.D.S.)
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.-K.M.); (J.D.); (K.P.); (L.V.); (S.C.D.S.)
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Klingenstein S, Klingenstein M, Kleger A, Liebau S. From Hair to iPSCs-A Guide on How to Reprogram Keratinocytes and Why. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 55:e121. [PMID: 32956569 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes, as a primary somatic cell source, offer exceptional advantages compared to fibroblasts, which are commonly used for reprogramming. Keratinocytes can beat fibroblasts in reprogramming efficiency and reprogramming time and, in addition, can be easily and non-invasively harvested from human hair roots. However, there is still much to know about acquiring keratinocytes and maintaining them in cell culture. In this article, we want to offer readers the profound knowledge that we have gained since our initial use of keratinocytes for reprogramming more than 10 years ago. Here, all hints and tricks, from plucking the hair roots to growing and maintaining keratinocytes, are described in detail. Additionally, an overview of the currently used reprogramming methods, viral and non-viral, is included, with a special focus on their applicability to keratinocytes. This overview is intended to provide a brief but comprehensive insight into the field of keratinocytes and their use for reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). © 2020 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Klingenstein
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Klingenstein
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Khalil AS, Yu X, Umhoefer JM, Chamberlain CS, Wildenauer LA, Diarra GM, Hacker TA, Murphy WL. Single-dose mRNA therapy via biomaterial-mediated sequestration of overexpressed proteins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba2422. [PMID: 32937431 PMCID: PMC7458450 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonviral mRNA delivery is an attractive therapeutic gene delivery strategy, as it achieves efficient protein overexpression in vivo and has a desirable safety profile. However, mRNA's short cytoplasmic half-life limits its utility to therapeutic applications amenable to repeated dosing or short-term overexpression. Here, we describe a biomaterial that enables a durable in vivo response to a single mRNA dose via an "overexpress and sequester" mechanism, whereby mRNA-transfected cells locally overexpress a growth factor that is then sequestered within the biomaterial to sustain the biologic response over time. In a murine diabetic wound model, this strategy demonstrated improved wound healing compared to delivery of a single mRNA dose alone or recombinant protein. In addition, codelivery of anti-inflammatory proteins using this biomaterial eliminated the need for mRNA chemical modification for in vivo therapeutic efficacy. The results support an approach that may be broadly applicable for single-dose delivery of mRNA without chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310009, PR China
| | - Jennifer M Umhoefer
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Connie S Chamberlain
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Linzie A Wildenauer
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Gaoussou M Diarra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Forward BIO Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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12
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Towards development of plasmacytoma cells-based expression systems utilizing alphavirus vectors: An NS0-VEE model. J Virol Methods 2019; 274:113734. [PMID: 31525396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoma (myeloma) cells have a large protein expression capacity, although their industrial use is confined to stable expression systems. Vectors derived from genomes of viruses from the genus Alphavirus allow obtaining of high yields of target proteins but their use is limited to transient expression. Little information has been published to date on attempts to combine the myeloma cells as hosts with alphaviruses as expression vectors. A plasmid construct which allows rescue of a model alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) upon transfection of a cell culture was created. Mutations in the capsid and nsP2 genes allow for less cytopathogenic propagation of the virus. A cDNA-copy of the genome was placed in a plasmid under the control of the CMV promoter for virus rescue following DNA transfection. Parameters for the virus rescue by electroporating of the infectious clone in murine myeloma cells (NS0) were optimized. The highest FFU counts (1.2 × 105 FFU per 10 ug DNA) were produced with 2 pulses (voltage 250 V, capacitance 960 u F) and the best electroporation buffer was selected from eight buffers. Self-sustained VEE infection was established in NS0 cultures with high titers (8 × 108 FFU/ml) of the virus, despite a fraction of infected cells dying during 5-days observation. Further development of the NS0-VEE expression system may require addressing of apoptosis induced by VEE.
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13
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Steinle H, Weber M, Behring A, Mau-Holzmann U, von Ohle C, Popov AF, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. Reprogramming of Urine-Derived Renal Epithelial Cells into iPSCs Using srRNA and Consecutive Differentiation into Beating Cardiomyocytes. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:907-921. [PMID: 31476669 PMCID: PMC6723182 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patient’s somatic cells and the subsequent differentiation into desired cell types opens up numerous possibilities in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Adult cardiomyocytes have limited self-renewal capacity; thus, the efficient, safe, and clinically applicable generation of autologous cardiomyocytes is of great interest for the treatment of damaged myocardium. In this study, footprint-free iPSCs were successfully generated from urine-derived renal epithelial cells through a single application of self-replicating RNA (srRNA). The expression of pluripotency markers and the in vitro as well as in vivo trilineage differentiation were demonstrated. Furthermore, the resulting iPSCs contained no residual srRNA, and the karyotyping analysis demonstrated no detectable anomalies. The cardiac differentiation of these iPSCs resulted in autologous contracting cardiomyocytes after 10 days. We anticipate that the use of urine as a non-invasive cell source to obtain patient cells and the use of srRNA for reprogramming into iPSCs will greatly improve the future production of clinically applicable cardiomyocytes and other cell types. This could allow the regeneration of tissues by generating sufficient quantities of autologous cells without the risk of immune rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Steinle
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marbod Weber
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Behring
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mau-Holzmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christiane von Ohle
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstraße 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aron-Frederik Popov
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Generation of iPSCs by Nonintegrative RNA-Based Reprogramming Techniques: Benefits of Self-Replicating RNA versus Synthetic mRNA. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7641767. [PMID: 31320906 PMCID: PMC6607707 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7641767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is gaining in importance in the fields of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and disease modeling. Patient-specific iPSCs have as an unlimited cell source a tremendous potential for generating various types of autologous cells. For the future clinical applicability of these iPSC-derived cells, the generation of iPSCs via nongenome integrating methods and the efficient reprogramming of patients' somatic cells are required. In this study, 2 different RNA-based footprint-free methods for the generation of iPSCs were compared: the use of synthetic modified messenger RNAs (mRNAs) or self-replicating RNAs (srRNAs) encoding the reprogramming factors and GFP. Using both RNA-based methods, integration-free iPSCs without genomic alterations were obtained. The pluripotency characteristics identified by specific marker detection and the in vitro and in vivo trilineage differentiation capacity were comparable. Moreover, the incorporation of a GFP encoding sequence into the srRNA enabled a direct and convenient monitoring of the reprogramming procedure and the successful detection of srRNA translation in the transfected cells. Nevertheless, the use of a single srRNA to induce pluripotency was less time consuming, faster, and more efficient than the daily transfection of cells with synthetic mRNAs. Therefore, we believe that the srRNA-based approach might be more appropriate and efficient for the reprogramming of different types of somatic cells for clinical applications.
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15
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mRNA as a Transformative Technology for Vaccine Development to Control Infectious Diseases. Mol Ther 2019; 27:757-772. [PMID: 30803823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been growing interest in mRNA-based technology for the development of prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases. Technological advancements in RNA biology, chemistry, stability, and delivery systems have accelerated the development of fully synthetic mRNA vaccines. Potent, long-lasting, and safe immune responses observed in animal models, as well as encouraging data from early human clinical trials, make mRNA-based vaccination an attractive alternative to conventional vaccine approaches. Thanks to these data, together with the potential for generic, low-cost manufacturing processes and the completely synthetic nature, the prospects for mRNA vaccines are very promising. In addition, mRNA vaccines have the potential to streamline vaccine discovery and development, and facilitate a rapid response to emerging infectious diseases. In this review, we overview the unique attributes of mRNA vaccine approaches, review the data of mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases, discuss the current challenges, and highlight perspectives about the future of this promising technology.
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