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Dou M, Song W, Lin Y, Chen Q, Lu C, Liu Z. Clinical characteristics and viral analysis of severe influenza A [H1N1]pdm09 in Guangzhou, 2019. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2568-2577. [PMID: 35146773 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the clinical characteristics of and analyze viral genes in patients with severe pneumonia due to [H1N1]pdm09 influenza virus in Guangzhou, 2019. METHODS The clinical data of 120 inpatients with laboratory-confirmed influenza A H1N1 virus from January to March 2019 were collected and analyzed. The subjects were diagnosed according to the criteria of the "Diagnosis and Treatment Program of Influenza A H1N1 (third Edition 2009)" issued by the Ministry of Health and were divided into severe and nonsevere groups. Serum samples during fever were collected for cytokine analysis, and the viral genes were analyzed after the virus cultured in MDCK cells. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software, and the results of gene sequencing were analyzed by MEGA 6 software. RESULTS Among the 120 inpatients, 36 (30%) were severe and 84 (70%) were nonsevere patients. The average age of severe patients was 53.11 ±19.94 years, the average age of nonsevere patients, at 44.03 ±24.47 years. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p< 0.05). There were significant differences in the rates of moist rales and dyspnea in critically ill patients (p< 0.05). There were significant differences in the white blood cell count (WBC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), serum creatinine (sCr), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in severe patients with type A H1N1. Chest radiologic findings in severe patients showed ground glass shadows or pulmonary solid changes, and the difference was statistically significant for pulmonary fibrosis. Chronic lung disease (52.8%) and cardiovascular disease (27.8%) were independent risk factors for severe disease (p< 0.05). There were significant differences in secondary infections by Staphylococcus aureus (11.1%), pulmonary Aspergillus (22%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (16.7%) in critically ill patients (p< 0.05). Serum IL-8 in critically ill patients was significantly higher than those in nonsevere patients and healthy controls. The origin of virus strains in severe and nonsevere patients was the same, and there was no obvious mutation in the amino acid region of the antigenic site of the HA protein, but compared with the results of gene sequencing in previous years, the mutation sites showed a trend of annual accumulation. In conclusion, there was a high risk of severe pneumonia caused by H1N1 influenza A virus in Guangzhou in spring 2019. Long-term continuous surveillance, prevention and control of the virus should be carried out to predict its epidemiology and distribution. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongping Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qigao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Introduction: As the pathogen that caused the first influenza virus pandemic in this century, the swine-origin A(H1N1) pdm09 influenza virus has caused continuous harm to human public health. The evolution of hemagglutinin protein glycosylation sites, including the increase in number and positional changes, is an important way for influenza viruses to escape host immune pressure. Based on the traditional influenza virus molecular monitoring, special attention should be paid to the influence of glycosylation evolution on the biological characteristics of virus antigenicity, transmission and pathogenicity. The epidemiological significance of glycosylation mutants should be analyzed as a predictive tool for early warning of new outbreaks and pandemics, as well as the design of vaccines and drug targets.Areas covered: We review on the evolutionary characteristics of glycosylation on the HA protein of the A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus in the last ten years.Expert opinion: We discuss the crucial impact of evolutionary glycosylation on the biological characteristics of the virus and the host immune responses, summarize studies revealing different roles of glycosylation play during host adaptation. Although these studies show the significance of glycosylation evolution in host-virus interaction, much remains to be discovered about the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ge
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
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Li W, Liu LF, Xu JL, Shang SQ. Epidemiological and Immunological Features of Influenza Viruses in Hospitalized Children with Influenza Illness in Hangzhou. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020; 39:21-28. [PMID: 31268384 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1636429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We evaluated the epidemiological features and various inflammatory markers in hospitalized children with influenza virus infection in China. Methods: The real-time RT-PCR assay was performed for detection and genotyping of influenza A and B virus. Th1/Th2 cytokines, WBC, and CRP were determined in influenza virus positive children. Results: H1N1 and Yamagata were the prevalent genotypes of influenza A and B virus in Hangzhou, respectively. IL-2, IL-10, and CRP were significantly increased and IFN-γ was decreased in children with severe Influenza A virus infection, and TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were found to be significantly lower in children with severe Influenza B virus infection. Conclusion: Increased IL-2, IL-10, and CRP with decreased IFN-γ may indicate a severe influenza A virus infection, and decreased TNF-α and IFN-γ may indicate a severe influenza B virus infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jia-Lu Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shi-Qiang Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
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Wacher NH, Gómez-Díaz RA, Ascencio-Montiel IDJ, Rascón-Pacheco RA, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Borja-Aburto VH. Type 1 diabetes incidence in children and adolescents in Mexico: Data from a nation-wide institutional register during 2000-2018. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 159:107949. [PMID: 31794808 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the annual incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents insured by the Mexican Institute of Social Security, the main health provider in Mexico, during 2000-2018. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analyses using the incidence registers from the Epidemiological Surveillance Coordination of the Mexican Institute of Social Security collected during 2000-2018. Incident type 1 diabetes cases (age 19 years old and below) were identified using ICD-10-CM E10 diagnostic codes. Age, sex, and geographical region and seasonal-specific incidence were calculated with their corresponding annual percentage change (APC) as well. RESULTS In the period 2000-2018, the number of incident cases with type 1 diabetes decreased from 3.4 to 2.8 per 100,000 in insured for subjects below 20 years old. We observed an increase in the 2000-2006, followed by a decrease for the 2006-2018 period (APC +16.1 and -8.7 respectively). Females and children <5 years old had a significant decrease in the incidence rate, while inhabitants in Central Mexico showed a significant increase. No difference was found in incidence between seasons. CONCLUSIONS Our study describes significant fluctuations of the incidence of type 1 diabetes during the period 2000-2018, which appeared to correspond to influenza outbreaks, among Mexican children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels H Wacher
- Clinic Epidemiology Research Unit, National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Rita A Gómez-Díaz
- Clinic Epidemiology Research Unit, National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico.
| | - Iván de Jesús Ascencio-Montiel
- Non Communicable Diseases Surveillance Division, Epidemiological Surveillance Coordination, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco
- Epidemiological Information Division, Epidemiological Surveillance Coordination, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Research Unit for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor H Borja-Aburto
- Dirección de Prestaciones Médicas, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
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Guldemir D, Coskun-Ari FF, Altas AB, Bakkaloglu Z, Unaldi O, Bayraktar F, Korukluoglu G, Aktas AR, Durmaz R. Molecular characterization of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates collected in the 2015-2016 season and comparison of HA mutations detected in Turkey since 2009. J Med Virol 2019; 91:2074-2082. [PMID: 31389035 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic virus causing the 2009 global outbreak moved into the post-pandemic period, but its variants continued to be the prevailing subtype in the 2015-2016 influenza season in Europe and Asia. To determine the molecular characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates circulating during the 2015-2016 season in Turkey, we identified mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) genes and investigated the presence of H275Y alteration in the neuraminidase genes in the randomly selected isolates. The comparison of the HA nucleotide sequences revealed a very high homology (>99.5%) among the studied influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates, while a relatively low homology (96.6%-97.2%), was observed between Turkish isolates and the A/California/07/2009 vaccine virus. Overall 14 common mutations were detected in HA sequences of all 2015-2016 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates with respect to the A/California/07/2009 virus, four of which located in three different antigenic sites. Eleven rare mutations in 12 HA sequences were also detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all characterized influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates formed a single genetic cluster, belonging to the genetic subclade 6B.1, defined by HA amino acid substitutions S84N, S162N, and I216T. Furthermore, all isolates showed an oseltamivir-sensitive genotype, suggesting that Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) could still be the drug of choice in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Guldemir
- National Molecular Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Public Health General Directorate, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Filiz Coskun-Ari
- National Molecular Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Public Health General Directorate, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Basak Altas
- National Viral Respiratory Pathogens Reference Laboratory, Public Health General Directorate, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Bakkaloglu
- National Molecular Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Public Health General Directorate, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Unaldi
- National Molecular Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Public Health General Directorate, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Bayraktar
- National Viral Respiratory Pathogens Reference Laboratory, Public Health General Directorate, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulay Korukluoglu
- National Viral Respiratory Pathogens Reference Laboratory, Public Health General Directorate, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Riza Aktas
- National Molecular Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Public Health General Directorate, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Riza Durmaz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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