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Do "knowledge attributions" involve metarepresentation just like belief attributions do? Behav Brain Sci 2021; 44:e149. [PMID: 34796829 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x20001594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The authors distinguish knowledge and belief attributions, emphasizing the role of the former in mental-state attribution. This does not, however, warrant diminishing interest in the latter. Knowledge attributions may not entail mental-state attributions or metarepresentations. Even if they do, the proposed features are insufficient to distinguish them from belief attributions, demanding that we first understand each underlying representation.
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Ellement B, Jasaui Y, Kathol K, Nosratmirshekarlou E, Pringsheim T, Sarna J, Callahan BL, Martino D. Social cognition in cervical dystonia: phenotype and relationship to anxiety and depression. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:98-107. [PMID: 32896024 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anxiety and depression are common disabling comorbidities in cervical dystonia (CD) and may predispose to social withdrawal and social cognitive impairments. The relationship between social cognition and depressive/anxiety symptoms in CD is under-investigated. METHODS Forty-six CD patients (40 women; mean age ± SD, 55.57 ± 10.84 years) were administered the following social cognition battery: Affect Naming, Prosody Face and Pair Matching subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV and Wechsler Memory Scale IV (social perception), reality-known and reality-unknown false belief reasoning tasks (theory of mind), Empathy Quotient and Social Norms Questionnaire 22 (social behaviour), alongside the Benton Facial Recognition Task (non-emotional facial discrimination). Alongside CD severity, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale measured depressive/anxiety comorbid diagnostic status and severity, and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale assessed social phobia. Social cognition tasks were standardized using published normative data and a cut-off of z < -1.5 for impairment. RESULTS More than 90% of our CD patients performed normally on social perception and social behaviour tests. Performance on impaired belief reasoning (theory of mind) was impaired in 10 of 46 (21.74%); five of 46 (10.87%) were impaired on the Empathy Quotient. Better performance on the Affect Naming task was associated with comorbid anxiety (η2 = 0.09, medium-to-large effect size) and greater anxiety, depression and social phobia severity. Worse performance on the Empathy Quotient was associated with comorbid depression (η2 = 0.11, medium-to-large effect size) and greater depression severity. CD patients had significantly more difficulties with fearful face identification (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Greater social perception abilities in CD patients with more severe anxiety and depression suggest efficient modulation and self-adaptation of social cognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ellement
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Y Jasaui
- Continuing Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Kathol
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E Nosratmirshekarlou
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T Pringsheim
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Sarna
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - B L Callahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - D Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Mirabel H, Guinet V, Voltzenlogel V, Pradier S, Hennion S. Social cognition in epilepsy: State of the art and perspectives. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176:468-479. [PMID: 32418700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuropsychology of epilepsy has been a major area of study for almost a century and cognitive impairments are an integral part of the new definition of epilepsy. Among such impairments, social cognition (SC) dysfunctions are of relatively recent interest. SC abilities refer to the body of knowledge and processes involved in establishing satisfying and appropriate social interactions. In particular, they allow the recognition of emotions in others, emotional experiences which are suitably adapted to social situations, and the ability to infer mental states in oneself and others. METHODS An overeview was conducted of the available data within the literature, with the objective of presenting the SC disorders associated with certain types of epilepsy and the possible risk factors already explored i.e., localisation of epileptic focus, age of onset/duration of the disease, and effects of treatments including surgery. Studies investigating the potential repercussions of these disorders on patients' daily life have also been included. RESULTS Social cognition disorders are an integral part of the cognitive disorders traditionally described in epilepsy. Indeed, a growing number of studies highlight the increased prevalence of SC disorders in various domains, and some patients appear to be more at risk than others. These disorders could be a major determining factor in the deterioration of patients' quality of life (QOL), particularly patients' support and social integration. This highlights the importance of assessing and managing these disorders in patients with epilepsy (PWE). Perspectives in the field of research and clinical practice are also evoked, such as exploring the links between disruptions in SC abilities and treatments, or developing specific tools for assessment and rehabilitation within the context of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mirabel
- Neurology department, CHU de Toulouse, hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Toulouse, France.
| | - V Guinet
- Department of functional neurology and epileptology, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - V Voltzenlogel
- CERPPS, EA 7411, department of psychology, university of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - S Pradier
- Functional explorations of the nervous system, clinical neurosciences center, university hospital center Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Hennion
- U1171 degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Inserm, epilepsy unit, reference center rare epilepsies, CHU Lille, university Lille, Lille, France
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