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Le M, Conte S, Hsu JTS, Li MK. Energy-Based Devices for the Treatment of Cutaneous Verrucae: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Surg 2024; 50:345-353. [PMID: 38551277 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000004069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Warts are one of the most common benign neoplasms caused by human papillomavirus infection and often pose a therapeutic challenge. OBJECTIVE To summarize the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of laser and energy-based devices for the treatment of cutaneous verrucae. METHODS A comprehensive systematic review of the literature on laser and energy-based devices for the treatment of cutaneous verrucae was performed. RESULTS A total of 904 unique studies were identified, of which 109 were included in this review. The most commonly used lasers as a single treatment modality for verrucae included the long-pulsed Nd:Yag (n = 20) and pulsed dye (n = 18) lasers. Other modalities included the CO2 ablative laser (n = 10), photodynamic therapy (n = 11), local hyperthermia (n = 11), microwave therapy (n = 2), and nanopulse stimulation (n = 1). Other studies combined energy-based modalities with additional treatments, such as retinoids, imiquimod, and intralesional bleomycin. Overall, such devices were generally well-tolerated, with only a mild side effect profile. CONCLUSION Overall, the use of laser and energy-based devices is a safe and well-tolerated option for cutaneous verrucae that is relatively less invasive than surgical interventions. Future studies using more consistent outcome assessment tools will be valuable to help clinicians develop device-specific protocols and treatment regimens to ensure replicable and effective outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Le
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Santina Conte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T S Hsu
- Oak Dermatology, Itasca, Illinois
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Monica K Li
- Department of Dermatology & Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
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2
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Mazzarda F, Chittams-Miles AE, Pittaluga J, Sözer EB, Vernier PT, Muratori C. Inflammasome Activation and IL-1β Release Triggered by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields in Murine Innate Immune Cells and Skin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:335-345. [PMID: 38047899 PMCID: PMC10752860 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although electric field-induced cell membrane permeabilization (electroporation) is used in a wide range of clinical applications from cancer therapy to cardiac ablation, the cellular- and molecular-level details of the processes that determine the success or failure of these treatments are poorly understood. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF)-based tumor therapies are known to have an immune component, but whether and how immune cells sense the electroporative damage and respond to it have not been demonstrated. Damage- and pathogen-associated stresses drive inflammation via activation of cytosolic multiprotein platforms known as inflammasomes. The assembly of inflammasome complexes triggers caspase-1-dependent secretion of IL-1β and in many settings a form of cell death called pyroptosis. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the nsPEF damage is sensed intracellularly by the NLRP3 inflammasome. We found that 200-ns PEFs induced aggregation of the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC, activation of caspase-1, and triggered IL-1β release in multiple innate immune cell types (J774A.1 macrophages, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and dendritic cells) and in vivo in mouse skin. Efflux of potassium from the permeabilized cell plasma membrane was partially responsible for nsPEF-induced inflammasome activation. Based on results from experiments using both the NRLP3-specific inhibitor MCC950 and NLRP3 knockout cells, we propose that the damage created by nsPEFs generates a set of stimuli for the inflammasome and that more than one sensor can drive IL-1β release in response to electrical pulse stimulation. This study shows, to our knowledge, for the first time, that PEFs activate the inflammasome, suggesting that this pathway alarms the immune system after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Mazzarda
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | | | - Julia Pittaluga
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Esin B. Sözer
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - P. Thomas Vernier
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Claudia Muratori
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
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3
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Galassi C, Klapp V, Yamazaki T, Galluzzi L. Molecular determinants of immunogenic cell death elicited by radiation therapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:20-32. [PMID: 37679959 PMCID: PMC11075037 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergoing immunogenic cell death (ICD) can initiate adaptive immune responses against dead cell-associated antigens, provided that (1) said antigens are not perfectly covered by central tolerance (antigenicity), (2) cell death occurs along with the emission of immunostimulatory cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that actively engage immune effector mechanisms (adjuvanticity), and (3) the microenvironment of dying cells is permissive for the initiation of adaptive immunity. Finally, ICD-driven immune responses can only operate and exert cytotoxic effector functions if the microenvironment of target cancer cells enables immune cell infiltration and activity. Multiple forms of radiation, including non-ionizing (ultraviolet) and ionizing radiation, elicit bona fide ICD as they increase both the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of dying cancer cells. Here, we review the molecular determinants of ICD as elicited by radiation as we critically discuss strategies to reinforce the immunogenicity of cancer cells succumbing to clinically available radiation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Klapp
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Ruiz-Fernández AR, Campos L, Villanelo F, Garate JA, Perez-Acle T. Protein-Mediated Electroporation in a Cardiac Voltage-Sensing Domain Due to an nsPEF Stimulus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11397. [PMID: 37511161 PMCID: PMC10379607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study takes a step in understanding the physiological implications of the nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) by integrating molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning techniques. nsPEF, a state-of-the-art technology, uses high-voltage electric field pulses with a nanosecond duration to modulate cellular activity. This investigation reveals a relatively new and underexplored phenomenon: protein-mediated electroporation. Our research focused on the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of the NaV1.5 sodium cardiac channel in response to nsPEF stimulation. We scrutinized the VSD structures that form pores and thereby contribute to the physical chemistry that governs the defibrillation effect of nsPEF. To do so, we conducted a comprehensive analysis involving the clustering of 142 replicas simulated for 50 ns under nsPEF stimuli. We subsequently pinpointed the representative structures of each cluster and computed the free energy between them. We find that the selected VSD of NaV1.5 forms pores under nsPEF stimulation, but in a way that significant differs from the traditional VSD opening. This study not only extends our understanding of nsPEF and its interaction with protein channels but also adds a new effect to further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Campos
- Computational Biology Lab, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Felipe Villanelo
- Computational Biology Lab, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Jose Antonio Garate
- Computational Biology Lab, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus im NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2351319, Chile
| | - Tomas Perez-Acle
- Computational Biology Lab, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2360102, Chile
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5
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Zhou H, Wang Z, Dong Y, Alhaskawi A, Tu T, Hasan Abdullah Ezzi S, Goutham Kota V, Hasan Abdulla Hasan Abdulla M, Li P, Wu B, Chen Y, Lu H. New advances in treatment of skin malignant tumors with nanosecond pulsed electric field: A literature review. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108366. [PMID: 36641842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanosecond pulsed electric field, with its unique bioelectric effect, has shown broad application potential in the field of tumor therapy, especially in malignant tumors and skin tumors. MAIN BODY In this paper, we discuss the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of nanosecond pulsed electric field on three common skin cancers, namely, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, as well as its application to other benign skin diseases and future development and improvement directions. CONCLUSION In general, nanosecond pulsed electric field mainly exerts its ablative effect on tumors through subcellular membrane electroporation effect. It is cell type-specific, has less thermal damage, and can have synergistic effect with chemotherapy drugs, making it a very promising new method for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, PR China
| | - Yanzhao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Ahmad Alhaskawi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Tian Tu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | | | - Vishnu Goutham Kota
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, PR China
| | | | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Ruidi Biotech Ltd. #2959 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, PR China
| | - Yonggang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Ruidi Biotech Ltd. #2959 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, PR China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China; Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Zhejiang University, #866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, PR China.
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6
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McDaniel A, Freimark B, Navarro C, Von Rothstein K, Gonzalez D, Linder K, Nuccitelli R. Nano-pulse stimulation™ therapy (NPS™) is superior to cryoablation in clearing murine melanoma tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 12:948472. [PMID: 36844920 PMCID: PMC9945337 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.948472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nano-Pulse Stimulation™ Therapy (NPS™) is a new, bioelectric modality that applies ultrashort pulses of electric energy to trigger regulated cell death in treated tissues. Instead of initiating necrosis by heating or freezing, NPS therapy permeabilizes intracellular organelles to activate the cell's own self-destruct pathway of programmed or regulated cell death. Unlike cryotherapies that can both damage structural tissues and diffuse into the periphery beyond the margins of the lesion, NPS only affects cells within the treated zone leaving surrounding tissue and acellular components unaffected. Methods We generated melanoma tumors in mice by injecting B16-F10 cells intradermally and compared the efficacy and resulting skin damage from Nano-Pulse Stimulation Therapy with that of cryoablation in clearing these tumors. Results The results of the study demonstrate that NPS is superior at clearing B16-F10 melanoma lesions. NPS permanently eliminated up to 91% of all tumor lesions with a single treatment compared to cryoablation that only eliminated up to 66%. Importantly, NPS permanently eliminated these lesions with no recurrence and with minimal dermal fibrosis, underlying muscle atrophy, permanent hair follicle loss or other markers of permanent skin damage. Conclusions These findings suggest that NPS is a promising new modality for the clearance of melanoma tumors and is a more efficacious, less damaging approach than cryoablative methods for the treatment of aggressive malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda McDaniel
- Department of Biology, Pulse Biosciences, Hayward, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Amanda McDaniel, ; Richard Nuccitelli,
| | - Bruce Freimark
- Department of Biology, Pulse Biosciences, Hayward, CA, United States
| | - Cebrina Navarro
- Department of Biology, Pulse Biosciences, Hayward, CA, United States
| | | | - Dacia Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, Pulse Biosciences, Hayward, CA, United States
| | - Keith Linder
- Department of Dermatopathology, Linder Pathology Services, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Richard Nuccitelli
- Department of Biology, Pulse Biosciences, Hayward, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Amanda McDaniel, ; Richard Nuccitelli,
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7
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Gudvangen E, Mangalanathan U, Semenov I, Kiester AS, Keppler MA, Ibey BL, Bixler JN, Pakhomov AG. Pulsed Electric Field Ablation of Esophageal Malignancies and Mitigating Damage to Smooth Muscle: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032854. [PMID: 36769172 PMCID: PMC9917603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer ablation therapies aim to be efficient while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a promising ablation modality because of its selectivity against certain cell types and reduced neuromuscular effects. We compared cell killing efficiency by PEF (100 pulses, 200 ns-10 µs duration, 10 Hz) in a panel of human esophageal cells (normal and pre-malignant epithelial and smooth muscle). Normal epithelial cells were less sensitive than the pre-malignant ones to unipolar PEF (15-20% higher LD50, p < 0.05). Smooth muscle cells (SMC) oriented randomly in the electric field were more sensitive, with 30-40% lower LD50 (p < 0.01). Trains of ten, 300-ns pulses at 10 kV/cm caused twofold weaker electroporative uptake of YO-PRO-1 dye in normal epithelial cells than in either pre-malignant cells or in SMC oriented perpendicularly to the field. Aligning SMC with the field reduced the dye uptake fourfold, along with a twofold reduction in Ca2+ transients. A 300-ns pulse induced a twofold smaller transmembrane potential in cells aligned with the field, making them less vulnerable to electroporation. We infer that damage to SMC from nsPEF ablation of esophageal malignancies can be minimized by applying the electric field parallel to the predominant SMC orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gudvangen
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Uma Mangalanathan
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Iurii Semenov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Allen S. Kiester
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | | | - Bennett L. Ibey
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Joel N. Bixler
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Andrei G. Pakhomov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Kim V, Semenov I, Kiester AS, Keppler MA, Ibey BL, Bixler JN, Pakhomov AG. Action spectra and mechanisms of (in) efficiency of bipolar electric pulses at electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 149:108319. [PMID: 36375440 PMCID: PMC9729435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reversal of the electric field direction inhibits various biological effects of nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP). This feature, known as "bipolar cancellation," enables interference targeting of nsEP bioeffects remotely from stimulating electrodes, for prospective applications such as precise cancer ablation and non-invasive deep brain stimulation. This study was undertaken to achieve the maximum cancellation of electroporation, by quantifying the impact of the pulse shape, duration, number, and repetition rate across a broad range of electric field strengths. Monolayers of endothelial cells (BPAE) were electroporated in a non-uniform electric field. Cell membrane permeabilization was quantified by YO-PRO-1 (YP) dye uptake and correlated to local electric field strength. For most conditions tested, adding an opposite polarity phase reduced YP uptake by 50-80 %. The strongest cancellation, which reduced YP uptake by 95-97 %, was accomplished by adding a 50 % second phase to 600-ns pulses delivered at a high repetition rate of 833 kHz. Strobe photography of nanosecond kinetics of membrane potential in single CHO cells revealed the temporal summation of polarization by individual unipolar nsEP applied at sub-MHz rate, leading to enhanced electroporation. In contrast, there was no summation for bipolar pulses, and increasing their repetition rate suppressed electroporation. These new findings are discussed in the context of bipolar cancellation mechanisms and remote focusing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Kim
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Iurii Semenov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Allen S Kiester
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Bennett L Ibey
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joel N Bixler
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrei G Pakhomov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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9
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Katz BE, Nestor MS, Nuccitelli R, Johnston LJ, Knape WA. Safety and effectiveness of nano-pulse stimulation™ technology to treat acne vulgaris of the back. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1545-1553. [PMID: 36645338 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This feasibility study describes the effects of Nano-pulse stimulation™ (NPS™) technology using the CellFX™ System on acne vulgaris of the back with the objectives of demonstrating safety and effectiveness. The CellFX System applies nanosecond pulses of electrical energy to induce highly localized regulated cell death (RCD) in the cellular structures of the targeted zone with no thermal effect on the tissue and negligible effects on surrounding non-cellular components. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen subjects were enrolled at two sites with thirteen subjects completing treatment. Three 7 X 7 cm regions containing at least five bacne lesions each were identified, one region treated with the CellFX across three treatment sessions, the second region treated as a sham using microneedle tip placement without delivering energy, and the third as an untreated control. RESULTS CellFX-treated areas showed an average reduction of acne lesions of 82% by 90 days post-last procedure. Acne improvement was observed in 100% of CellFX-treated regions compared to 39% improvement in Sham regions and 31% improvement in the control regions. The most common skin effects were erythema and hyperpigmentation observed in 23% and 92% of the subjects, respectively, at the last timepoint. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS CellFX is a safe and effective procedure for clearing back acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Katz
- Juva Skin and Laser Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark S Nestor
- Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research, Aventura, Florida, USA.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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10
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High-Frequency Nanosecond Bleomycin Electrochemotherapy and its Effects on Changes in the Immune System and Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246254. [PMID: 36551739 PMCID: PMC9776811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a time-dependent and time-independent study on bleomycin-based high-frequency nsECT (3.5 kV/cm × 200 pulses) for the elimination of LLC1 tumours in C57BL/6J mice is performed. We show the efficiency of nsECT (200 ns and 700 ns delivered at 1 kHz and 1 MHz) for the elimination of tumours in mice and increase of their survival. The dynamics of the immunomodulatory effects were observed after electrochemotherapy by investigating immune cell populations and antitumour antibodies at different timepoints after the treatment. ECT treatment resulted in an increased percentage of CD4+ T, splenic memory B and tumour-associated dendritic cell subsets. Moreover, increased levels of antitumour IgG antibodies after ECT treatment were detected. Based on the time-dependent study results, nsECT treatment upregulated PD 1 expression on splenic CD4+ Tr1 cells, increased the expansion of splenic CD8+ T, CD4+CD8+ T, plasma cells and the proportion of tumour-associated pro inflammatory macrophages. The Lin- population of immune cells that was increased in the spleens and tumour after nsECT was identified. It was shown that nsECT prolonged survival of the treated mice and induced significant changes in the immune system, which shows a promising alliance of nanosecond electrochemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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11
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Ruiz-Fernández AR, Rosemblatt M, Perez-Acle T. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) and vaccines: a novel technique for the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses? Ann Med 2022; 54:1749-1756. [PMID: 35786157 PMCID: PMC9258060 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2087898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of 2020, worldwide attention has been being focussed on SARS-CoV-2, the second strain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus. Although advances in vaccine technology have been made, particularly considering the advent of mRNA vaccines, up to date, no single antigen design can ensure optimal immune response. Therefore, new technologies must be tested as to their ability to further improve vaccines. Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) is one such method showing great promise in different biomedical and industrial fields, including the fight against COVID-19. Of note, available research shows that nsPEF directly damages the cell's DNA, so it is critical to determine if this technology could be able to fragment either viral DNA or RNA so as to be used as a novel technology to produce inactivated pathogenic agents that may, in turn, be used for the production of vaccines. Considering the available evidence, we propose that nsPEF may be used to produce inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viruses that may in turn be used to produce novel vaccines, as another tool to address 20 the current COVID-19 pandemic.Key MessagesViral inactivation by using pulsed electric fields in the nanosecond frequency.DNA fragmentation by a Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF).Opportunity to apply new technologies in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ruiz-Fernández
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Rosemblatt
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Perez-Acle
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Elgash M, Bar A, Dhossche J. Refractory focal epithelial hyperplasia successfully treated with novel use of nano-pulse stimulation technology. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:667-670. [PMID: 35523726 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH), or Heck's disease, is an uncommon HPV-related dermatosis that presents with multiple discrete papules or nodules on the lips, tongue, and gingival or oral mucosa. Treatment is often sought due to cosmesis, social stigma, and functional impairment. Treatment is challenging and a variety of treatment modalities have been attempted with varying degrees of success. This report describes the novel use of nano-pulse stimulation in the successful treatment of recalcitrant FEH of the upper and lower vermillion lip.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Elgash
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anna Bar
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Julie Dhossche
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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13
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Ruiz-Fernández AR, Campos L, Gutierrez-Maldonado SE, Núñez G, Villanelo F, Perez-Acle T. Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF): Opening the Biotechnological Pandora’s Box. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116158. [PMID: 35682837 PMCID: PMC9181413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) is an electrostimulation technique first developed in 1995; nsPEF requires the delivery of a series of pulses of high electric fields in the order of nanoseconds into biological tissues or cells. They primary effects in cells is the formation of membrane nanopores and the activation of ionic channels, leading to an incremental increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, which triggers a signaling cascade producing a variety of effects: from apoptosis up to cell differentiation and proliferation. Further, nsPEF may affect organelles, making nsPEF a unique tool to manipulate and study cells. This technique is exploited in a broad spectrum of applications, such as: sterilization in the food industry, seed germination, anti-parasitic effects, wound healing, increased immune response, activation of neurons and myocites, cell proliferation, cellular phenotype manipulation, modulation of gene expression, and as a novel cancer treatment. This review thoroughly explores both nsPEF’s history and applications, with emphasis on the cellular effects from a biophysics perspective, highlighting the role of ionic channels as a mechanistic driver of the increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro R. Ruiz-Fernández
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastian, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.R.R.-F.); (T.P.-A.)
| | - Leonardo Campos
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastian, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Sebastian E. Gutierrez-Maldonado
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastian, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Núñez
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
| | - Felipe Villanelo
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastian, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Tomas Perez-Acle
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastian, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.R.R.-F.); (T.P.-A.)
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14
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Petrov AA, Moraleva AA, Antipova NV, Amirov RK, Samoylov IS, Savinov SY. The Action of the Pulsed Electric Field of the Subnanosecond Range on Human Tumor Cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:327-335. [PMID: 35535612 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The action of the pulsed electric field of the subnanosecond range on Jurkat, HEK 293, and U-87 MG human cell lines was studied. The cells were treated in a waveguide in 0.18 ml electrodeless Teflon cuvettes. The electric field strength in the cell culture medium was ~2 kV/cm, the pulse duration was ~1 ns, the leading edge was 150 ps, the frequency was 100 Hz, and the treatment time was 5 min. According to estimates, the change of the transmembrane potential during the pulse was ~20 mV and we assume that it was insufficient for electroporation. Jurkat and HEK 293 cells appeared to be more resistant to the treatment than U-87 MG cells. We have observed that the impulses with the above-mentioned parameters can cause a noticeable change in the mitochondrial activity of U-87 MG cells. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasiya A Moraleva
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Antipova
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of RAS, Moscow, Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ravil Kh Amirov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor S Samoylov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of RAS, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Das R, Langou S, Le TT, Prasad P, Lin F, Nguyen TD. Electrical Stimulation for Immune Modulation in Cancer Treatments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:795300. [PMID: 35087799 PMCID: PMC8788921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.795300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming a very common treatment for cancer, using approaches like checkpoint inhibition, T cell transfer therapy, monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccination. However, these approaches involve high doses of immune therapeutics with problematic side effects. A promising approach to reducing the dose of immunotherapeutic agents given to a cancer patient is to combine it with electrical stimulation, which can act in two ways; it can either modulate the immune system to produce the immune cytokines and agents in the patient's body or it can increase the cellular uptake of these immune agents via electroporation. Electrical stimulation in form of direct current has been shown to reduce tumor sizes in immune-competent mice while having no effect on tumor sizes in immune-deficient mice. Several studies have used nano-pulsed electrical stimulations to activate the immune system and drive it against tumor cells. This approach has been utilized for different types of cancers, like fibrosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, human papillomavirus etc. Another common approach is to combine electrochemotherapy with immune modulation, either by inducing immunogenic cell death or injecting immunostimulants that increase the effectiveness of the treatments. Several therapies utilize electroporation to deliver immunostimulants (like genes encoded with cytokine producing sequences, cancer specific antigens or fragments of anti-tumor toxins) more effectively. Lastly, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve can trigger production and activation of anti-tumor immune cells and immune reactions. Hence, the use of electrical stimulation to modulate the immune system in different ways can be a promising approach to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritopa Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Sofia Langou
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Thinh T. Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Pooja Prasad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
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16
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Exploring the Conformational Changes Induced by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields on the Voltage Sensing Domain of a Ca 2+ Channel. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070473. [PMID: 34206827 PMCID: PMC8303878 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF or Nano Pulsed Stimulation, NPS) is a technology that delivers a series of pulses of high-voltage electric fields during a short period of time, in the order of nanoseconds. The main consequence of nsPEF upon cells is the formation of nanopores, which is followed by the gating of ionic channels. Literature is conclusive in that the physiological mechanisms governing ion channel gating occur in the order of milliseconds. Hence, understanding how these channels can be activated by a nsPEF would be an important step in order to conciliate fundamental biophysical knowledge with improved nsPEF applications. To get insights on both the kinetics and thermodynamics of ion channel gating induced by nsPEF, in this work, we simulated the Voltage Sensing Domain (VSD) of a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel, inserted in phospholipidic membranes with different concentrations of cholesterol. We studied the conformational changes of the VSD under a nsPEF mimicked by the application of a continuous electric field lasting 50 ns with different intensities as an approach to reveal novel mechanisms leading to ion channel gating in such short timescales. Our results show that using a membrane with high cholesterol content, under an nsPEF of 50 ns and E→ = 0.2 V/nm, the VSD undergoes major conformational changes. As a whole, our work supports the notion that membrane composition may act as an allosteric regulator, specifically cholesterol content, which is fundamental for the response of the VSD to an external electric field. Moreover, changes on the VSD structure suggest that the gating of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by a nsPEF may be due to major conformational changes elicited in response to the external electric field. Finally, the VSD/cholesterol-bilayer under an nsPEF of 50 ns and E→ = 0.2 V/nm elicits a pore formation across the VSD suggesting a new non-reported effect of nsPEF into cells, which can be called a “protein mediated electroporation”.
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17
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Interference targeting of bipolar nanosecond electric pulses for spatially focused electroporation, electrostimulation, and tissue ablation. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107876. [PMID: 34171507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation and electroporation by nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) are distinguished by a phenomenon of bipolar cancellation, which stands for a reduced efficiency of bipolar pulses compared to unipolar ones. When two pairs of stimulating electrodes are arrayed in a quadrupole, bipolar cancellation inhibits nsEP effects near the electrodes, where the electric field is the strongest. Two properly shaped and synchronized bipolar nsEP overlay into a unipolar pulse towards the center of the electrode array, thus canceling the bipolar cancellation (a "CANCAN effect"). High efficiency of the re-created unipolar nsEP outweighs the weakening of the electric field with distance and focuses nsEP effects to the center. In monolayers of CHO, BPAE, and HEK cells, CANCAN effect achieved by the interference of two bipolar nsEP enhanced electroporation up to tenfold, with a peak at the quadrupole center. Introducing a time interval between bipolar nsEP prevented the formation of a unipolar pulse and eliminated the CANCAN effect. Strong electroporation by CANCAN stimuli killed cells over the entire area encompassed by the electrodes, whereas the time-separated pulses caused ablation only in the strongest electric field near the electrodes. The CANCAN approach is promising for uniform tumor ablation and stimulation targeting away from electrodes.
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18
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Batista Napotnik T, Polajžer T, Miklavčič D. Cell death due to electroporation - A review. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107871. [PMID: 34147013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of cells to high voltage electric pulses increases transiently membrane permeability through membrane electroporation. Electroporation can be reversible and is used in gene transfer and enhanced drug delivery but can also lead to cell death. Electroporation resulting in cell death (termed as irreversible electroporation) has been successfully used as a new non-thermal ablation method of soft tissue such as tumours or arrhythmogenic heart tissue. Even though the mechanisms of cell death can influence the outcome of electroporation-based treatments due to use of different electric pulse parameters and conditions, these are not elucidated yet. We review the mechanisms of cell death after electroporation reported in literature, cell injuries that may lead to cell death after electroporation and membrane repair mechanisms involved. The knowledge of membrane repair and cell death mechanisms after cell exposure to electric pulses, targets of electric field in cells need to be identified to optimize existing and develop of new electroporation-based techniques used in medicine, biotechnology, and food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Batista Napotnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Polajžer
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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19
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Kudela E, Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Holubekova V, Rokos T, Kozubik E, Pribulova T, Zhai K, Busselberg D, Kubatka P, Biringer K. The interplay between the vaginal microbiome and innate immunity in the focus of predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach to combat HPV-induced cervical cancer. EPMA J 2021; 12:199-220. [PMID: 34194585 PMCID: PMC8192654 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HPVs representing the most common sexually transmitted disease are a group of carcinogenic viruses with different oncogenic potential. The immune system and the vaginal microbiome represent the modifiable and important risk factors in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. HPV infection significantly increases vaginal microbiome diversity, leading to gradual increases in the abundance of anaerobic bacteria and consequently the severity of cervical dysplasia. Delineation of the exact composition of the vaginal microbiome and immune environment before HPV acquisition, during persistent/progressive infections and after clearance, provides insights into the complex mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis. It gives hints regarding the prediction of malignant potential. Relative high HPV prevalence in the general population is a challenge for modern and personalized diagnostics and therapeutic guidelines. Identifying the dominant microbial biomarkers of high-grade and low-grade dysplasia could help us to triage the patients with marked chances of lesion regression or progression. Any unnecessary surgical treatment of cervical dysplasia could negatively affect obstetrical outcomes and sexual life. Therefore, understanding the effect and role of microbiome-based therapies is a breaking point in the conservative management of HPV-associated precanceroses. The detailed evaluation of HPV capabilities to evade immune mechanisms from various biofluids (vaginal swabs, cervicovaginal lavage/secretions, or blood) could promote the identification of new immunological targets for novel individualized diagnostics and therapy. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of local immune and microbial environment and associated risk factors constitutes the critical background for preventive, predictive, and personalized medicine that is essential for improving state-of-the-art medical care in patients with cervical precanceroses and cervical cancer. The review article focuses on the influence and potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of the local innate immune system and the microbial markers in HPV-related cancers in the context of 3P medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kudela
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Holubekova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Rokos
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kozubik
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Terezia Pribulova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Dietrich Busselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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20
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Nuccitelli R, LaTowsky BM, Lain E, Munavalli G, Loss L, Ross EV, Jauregui L, Knape WA. Safety and Efficacy of Nano-Pulse Stimulation Treatment of Non-Genital, Cutaneous Warts (Verrucae). Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:1301-1306. [PMID: 34008877 PMCID: PMC9291480 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study describes the effects of nano-pulse stimulation (NPS) technology on the common verruca with the objectives of demonstrating efficacy and safety. NPS technology applies nanosecond pulses of non-thermal electrical energy to induce highly localized regulated cell death in the cellular structures of the targeted zone with negligible effects on surrounding non-cellular structures. Previous clinical studies applying NPS to common, benign skin lesions have demonstrated safety and efficacy in clearing seborrheic keratoses and sebaceous hyperplasia. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two subjects were enrolled at a total of five sites. One hundred and ninety-five study verrucae up to 10 mm wide were treated with NPS delivered by a console-based handheld applicator (CellFX® System; Pulse Biosciences) and follow-ups occurred every 30 days with the option to retreat at 30, 60, and 90 days. There were 62 untreated controls and 46% of the treated verrucae were recalcitrant. RESULTS Overall, 75.3% (70/93) of the common verrucae, 72.7% (8/11) of the flat verrucae, and 43.8% (14/32) of the plantar verrucae treated with NPS were completely clear by 60 days following the last treatment and did not recur within the 120-day observation period. The majority (54%) of verrucae cleared with a single NPS procedure. The most common treatment site reactions were erythema (50.5%) and eschar formation (23.4%) on Day 30 and on Day 120 mild erythema was present in 14% of the cases and hyperpigmentation in 18.5%. No serious adverse events were reported. A particle counter was used during 11 NPS procedures on verrucae and no significant plume generation was detected during these procedures. CONCLUSIONS NPS is a safe and effective procedure for removing non-genital, cutaneous verrucae. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda M LaTowsky
- Clear Dermatology and Aesthetics Center, 20201N. Scottsdale Healthcare Dr. #260, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85255
| | - Edward Lain
- Sanova Dermatology, 1601 E Pflugerville Pkwy,Bldg 1 Ste 1102, Pflugerville, Texas, 78660
| | - Girish Munavalli
- Dermatology, Laser & Vein Specialists, 1918 Randolph Rd., Charlotte, North Carolina, 28207
| | - Lesley Loss
- Dermatology Associates, 100 White Spruce Blvd, Rochester, New York, 14623
| | - E Victor Ross
- Scripps Clinic, 3811 Valley Centre Dr., San Diego, California, 92130
| | - Lauren Jauregui
- Pulse Biosciences, 3957 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California, 94545
| | - William A Knape
- Pulse Biosciences, 3957 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California, 94545
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21
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Management of Difficult-to-Treat Warts: Traditional and New Approaches. Am J Clin Dermatol 2021; 22:379-394. [PMID: 33432476 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Warts are regularly treated by dermatologists, and while many respond readily to first-line treatments, others may represent a therapeutic challenge. Large, deep, numerous, and extensive warts; treatment-resistant lesions with higher risk for side effects, such as hypopigmentation; or patients unable to tolerate or comply with our treatment regimen, may need alternative treatment options. In this work we review the characteristics of select modalities that should be considered for difficult-to-treat warts. We discuss efficacy and tolerability data as well as practical features that can guide us to select the best treatment for every scenario. Novel approaches, still in an investigational phase, are also discussed to illustrate potential future directions of wart treatment.
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22
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Changes in lung immune cell infiltrates after electric field treatment in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1453. [PMID: 33446928 PMCID: PMC7809414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous electric fields are currently used in human therapy in a number of contexts. Interestingly, electric fields have also been shown to alter migration and function of immune cells, suggesting the potential for electric field-based immune therapy. Little is known as to the effect of electric field treatment (EFT) on the lung. To determine if EFT associates with changes in lung immune cell infiltration, we used a mouse model with varying methods of EFT application and measured cells and soluble mediators using flow cytometry and cytokine/chemokine multiplex. EFT was associated with a transient increase in lung neutrophils and decrease in eosinophils in naïve mice within 2 h of treatment, accompanied by an increase in IL-6 levels. In order to test whether EFT could alter eosinophil/neutrophil recruitment in a relevant disease model, a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation was used. Four EFT doses in allergen-sensitized mice resulted in increased neutrophil and reduced eosinophil infiltrates following allergen challenge, suggesting a durable change in inflammation by EFT. Mice with allergic inflammation were analyzed by flexiVent for measures of lung function. EFT-treated mice had increased inspiratory capacity and other measures of lung function were not diminished. These data suggest EFT may be used to manipulate immune cell infiltration in the lung without affecting lung function.
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23
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Immune response triggered by the ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma with nanosecond pulsed electric field. Front Med 2020; 15:170-177. [PMID: 33185811 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a novel, nonthermal, and minimally invasive modality that can ablate solid tumors by inducing apoptosis. Recent animal experiments show that nsPEF can induce the immunogenic cell death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and stimulate the host's immune response to kill residual tumor cells and decrease distant metastatic tumors. nsPEF-induced immunity is of great clinical importance because the nonthermal ablation may enhance the immune memory, which can prevent HCC recurrence and metastasis. This review summarized the most advanced research on the effect of nsPEF. The possible mechanisms of how locoregional nsPEF ablation enhances the systemic anticancer immune responses were illustrated. nsPEF stimulates the host immune system to boost stimulation and prevail suppression. Also, nsPEF increases the dendritic cell loading and inhibits the regulatory responses, thereby improving immune stimulation and limiting immunosuppression in HCC-bearing hosts. Therefore, nsPEF has excellent potential for HCC treatment.
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24
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Newman J, Jauregui L, Knape WA, Ebbers E, Uecker D, Mehregan D, Nuccitelli R. A dose-response study of nanosecond electric energy pulses on facial skin. J COSMET LASER THER 2020; 22:195-199. [DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2020.1827151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James Newman
- Dept. Dermatology, Premier Plastic Surgery, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Edward Ebbers
- Dept. Dermatology, Pulse Biosciences Inc, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Darrin Uecker
- Dept. Dermatology, Pulse Biosciences Inc, Hayward, CA, USA
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25
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Dai X, Yu L, Zhao X, Ostrikov KK. Nanomaterials for oncotherapies targeting the hallmarks of cancer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:392001. [PMID: 32503023 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab99f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated the diverse functionalities of nanomaterials in oncotherapies such as drug delivery, imaging, and killing cancer cells. This review aims to offer an authoritative guide for the development of nanomaterial-based oncotherapies and shed light on emerging yet understudied hallmarks of cancer where nanoparticles can help improve cancer control. With this aim, three nanomaterials, i.e. those based on gold, graphene, and liposome, were selected to represent and encompass metal inorganic, nonmetal inorganic, and organic nanomaterials, and four oncotherapies, i.e. phototherapies, immunotherapies, cancer stem cell therapies, and metabolic therapies, were characterized based on the differential hallmarks of cancer that they target. We also view physical plasma as a cocktail of reactive species and carrier of nanomaterials and focus on its roles in targeting the hallmarks of cancer provided with its unique traits and ability to selectively induce epigenetic and genetic modulations in cancer cells that halt tumor initiation and progression. This review provides a clear understanding of how the physico-chemical features of particles at the nanoscale contribute alone or create synergistic effects with current treatment modalities in combating each of the hallmarks of cancer that ultimately leads to desired therapeutic outcomes and shapes the toolbox for cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
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Munavalli GS, Zelickson BD, Selim MM, Kilmer SL, Rohrer TE, Newman J, Jauregui L, Knape WA, Ebbers E, Uecker D, Nuccitelli R. Safety and Efficacy of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Treatment of Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia. Dermatol Surg 2020; 46:803-809. [PMID: 31592824 PMCID: PMC7266004 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) technology involves delivery of ultrashort pulses of electrical energy and is a nonthermal, drug-free technology that has demonstrated favorable effects on cellular structures of the dermis and epidermis. OBJECTIVE Determine the tolerability and effectiveness of nsPEF treatment of sebaceous gland hyperplasia (SGH). METHODS This study was a prospective, randomized, open-label, multisite, nonsignificant risk trial in which each subject served as their own control. After injection of local anesthetic, high-intensity, ultrashort pulses of electrical energy were used to treat 72 subjects resulting in a total of 222 treated lesions. Subjects returned for 3 to 4 follow-up evaluations with photographs. RESULTS At the final study visit, 99.6% of treated SGH lesions were rated clear or mostly clear and 79.3% of the subjects were satisfied or mostly satisfied with the outcome. At 60 days after nsPEF treatment, 55% of the lesions were judged to have no hyperpigmentation and 31% exhibited mild post-treatment hyperpigmentation. At the last observation for all lesions, 32% of the 222 lesions were noted as having slight volume loss. CONCLUSION Nanosecond pulsed electric field procedure is well tolerated and is very effective in the removal of SGHs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03612570.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mona M. Selim
- Zel Skin and Laser Specialists, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Suzanne L. Kilmer
- Laser & Skin Surgery Center of Northern California, Sacramento, California
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Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Accompanied by Immunogenic Cell Death in Murine Models of Lymphoma and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122034. [PMID: 31861079 PMCID: PMC6966635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on the initiating stimulus, cancer cell death can be immunogenic or non-immunogenic. Inducers of immunogenic cell death (ICD) rely on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress for the trafficking of danger signals such as calreticulin (CRT) and ATP. We found that nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF), an emerging new modality for tumor ablation, cause the activation of the ER-resident stress sensor PERK in both CT-26 colon carcinoma and EL-4 lymphoma cells. PERK activation correlates with sustained CRT exposure on the cell plasma membrane and apoptosis induction in both nsPEF-treated cell lines. Our results show that, in CT-26 cells, the activity of caspase-3/7 was increased fourteen-fold as compared with four-fold in EL-4 cells. Moreover, while nsPEF treatments induced the release of the ICD hallmark HMGB1 in both cell lines, extracellular ATP was detected only in CT-26. Finally, in vaccination assays, CT-26 cells treated with nsPEF or doxorubicin equally impaired the growth of tumors at challenge sites eliciting a protective anticancer immune response in 78% and 80% of the animals, respectively. As compared to CT-26, both nsPEF- and mitoxantrone-treated EL-4 cells had a less pronounced effect and protected 50% and 20% of the animals, respectively. These results support our conclusion that nsPEF induce ER stress, accompanied by bona fide ICD.
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Hruza GJ, Zelickson BD, Selim MM, Rohrer TE, Newman J, Park H, Jauregui L, Nuccitelli R, Knape WA, Ebbers E, Uecker D. Safety and Efficacy of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Treatment of Seborrheic Keratoses. Dermatol Surg 2019; 46:1183-1189. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Novickij V, Čėsna R, Perminaitė E, Zinkevičienė A, Characiejus D, Novickij J, Šatkauskas S, Ruzgys P, Girkontaitė I. Antitumor Response and Immunomodulatory Effects of Sub-Microsecond Irreversible Electroporation and Its Combination with Calcium Electroporation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111763. [PMID: 31717542 PMCID: PMC6896087 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the feasibility of sub-microsecond range irreversible electroporation (IRE) with and without calcium electroporation in vivo. As a model, BALB/C mice were used and bioluminescent SP2/0 myeloma tumor models were developed. Tumors were treated with two separate pulsed electric field (PEF) pulsing protocols PEF1: 12 kV/cm × 200 ns × 500 (0.006 J/pulse) and PEF2: 12 kV/cm × 500 ns × 500 (0.015 J/pulse), which were delivered with and without Ca2+ (168 mM) using parallel plate electrodes at a repetition frequency of 100 Hz. Both PEF1 and PEF2 treatments reduced tumor growth and prolonged the life span of the mice, however, the PEF2 protocol was more efficient. The delay in tumor renewal was the biggest when a combination of IRE with calcium electroporation was used, however, we did not obtain significant differences in the final mouse survival compared to PEF2 alone. Anti-tumor immune responses were also investigated after treatment with PEF2 and PEF2+Ca. In both cases the treated mice had enlarged spleens and increased spleen T cell numbers, lower percentages of suppressor cell subsets (conventional CD4+CD25+ Treg, CD4+CD25−DX5+ Tr1, CD8+DX5+, CD4+CD28−, CD8+CD28−), changed proportions of Tcm and Tef/Tem T cells in the spleen and increased amount of tumor cell specific antibodies in the sera. The treatment based on IRE was effective against primary tumors, destroyed the tumor microenvironment and induced an anti-tumor immune response, however, it was not sufficient for complete control of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (V.N.); (I.G.)
| | - Robertas Čėsna
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Emilija Perminaitė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Characiejus
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, 44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Ruzgys
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, 44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Irutė Girkontaitė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (V.N.); (I.G.)
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Kaufman D, Martinez M, Jauregui L, Ebbers E, Nuccitelli R, Knape WA, Uecker D, Mehregan D. A dose-response study of a novel method of selective tissue modification of cellular structures in the skin with nanosecond pulsed electric fields. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 52:315-322. [PMID: 31376199 PMCID: PMC7187386 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives This study describes the effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) on the epidermis and dermis of normal skin scheduled for excision in a subsequent abdominoplasty. NsPEF therapy applies nanosecond pulses of electrical energy to induce regulated cell death (RCD) in cellular structures, with negligible thermal effects. Prior pre‐clinical studies using nsPEF technology have demonstrated the ability to stimulate a lasting immune response in animal tumor models, including melanoma. This first‐in‐human‐use of nsPEF treatment in a controlled study to evaluate the dose‐response effects on normal skin and subcutaneous structures is intended to establish a safe dose range of energies prior to use in clinical applications using nsPEF for non‐thermal tissue modification. Study Design/Materials and Methods Seven subjects with healthy tissue planned for abdominoplasty excision were enrolled. Five subjects were evaluated in a longitudinal, 60‐day study of effects with doses of six nsPEF energy levels. A total of 30 squares of spot sizes 25mm2 or less within the planned excision area were treated and then evaluated at 1 day, 5 days, 15 days, 30 days, and 60 days prior to surgery. Photographs were taken over time of each treated area and assessed by three independent and blinded dermatologists for erythema, flaking and crusting using a 5‐point scale (0 = low, 4 = high). Punch biopsies of surgically removed tissue were processed and evaluated for tissue changes using hematoxylin and eosin, trichome, caspase‐3, microphthalmia transcription factor, and elastin stains and evaluated by a dermatopathologist. The skin of two subjects received additional treatments at 2 and 4 hours post‐nsPEF and was evaluated in a similar manner. Results Most energy settings exhibited delayed epidermal loss followed by re‐epithelization by day 15 and a normal course of healing. Histologic analysis identified the appearance of activated caspase‐3 at two and four hours after nsPEF treatment, but not at later time points. At the 1‐day time point, a nucleolysis effect was observed in epidermal cells, as evidenced by the lack of nuclear staining while the epidermal plasma membranes were still intact. Cellular structures within the treatment zone such as melanocytes, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles were damaged while acellular structures such as elastic fibers and collagen were largely unaffected except for TL6 which showed signs of dermal damage. Melanocytes reappeared at levels comparable with untreated controls within 1 month of nsPEF treatment. Conclusions The selective effect of nsPEF treatment on cellular structures in the epidermal and dermal layers suggests that this non‐thermal mechanism for targeting cellular structures does not affect the integrity of dermal tissue within a range of energy levels. The specificity of effects and a favorable healing response makes nsPEF ideal for treating cellular targets in the epidermal or dermal layers of the skin, including treatment of benign and malignant lesions. NsPEF skin treatments provide a promising, non‐thermal method for treating skin conditions and removing epidermal lesions. © 2019 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kaufman
- Kaufman and Davis Plastic Surgery, 1841 Iron Point Road, Folsom, California, 95630
| | - Michelle Martinez
- Kaufman and Davis Plastic Surgery, 1841 Iron Point Road, Folsom, California, 95630
| | - Lauren Jauregui
- Pulse Biosciences Inc., 3957 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California, 94545
| | - Edward Ebbers
- Pulse Biosciences Inc., 3957 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California, 94545
| | | | - William A Knape
- Pulse Biosciences Inc., 3957 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California, 94545
| | - Darrin Uecker
- Pulse Biosciences Inc., 3957 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California, 94545
| | - Darius Mehregan
- Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University, 42 W. Warren Ave., Detroit, Michigan, 48202
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Abstract
This review covers the use of pulsed electric fields in cancer therapy. It is organized into three sections based on pulse length, millisecond domain, microsecond domain, and nanosecond domain. The predominant application of pulsed electric fields is the modification of the permeability of cellular membranes, sometimes referred to as electroporation. This has been used in many different ways for cancer treatment. These include introducing genes into the tumor cells to activate an immune response, introducing poisons into the tumor cells, initiating necrosis using irreversible electroporation, and initiating immunogenic cell death with nanopulse stimulation.
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Azzariti A, Iacobazzi RM, Di Fonte R, Porcelli L, Gristina R, Favia P, Fracassi F, Trizio I, Silvestris N, Guida G, Tommasi S, Sardella E. Plasma-activated medium triggers cell death and the presentation of immune activating danger signals in melanoma and pancreatic cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4099. [PMID: 30858524 PMCID: PMC6411873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, cold atmospheric plasmas have shown promising application in cancer therapy. The therapeutic use of plasma-activated media is a topic addressed in an emerging field known as plasma pharmacy. In oncology, plasma-activated media are used to harness the therapeutic effects of oxidant species when they come in contact with cancer cells. Among several factors that contribute to the anticancer effect of plasma-activated liquid media (PALM), H2O2 and NO derivatives likely play a key role in the apoptotic pathway. Despite the significant amount of literature produced in recent years, a full understanding of the mechanisms by which PALM exert their activity against cancer cells is limited. In this paper, a sealed dielectric-barrier discharge was used to disentangle the effect of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) from that of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on cancer cells. Two cancers characterized by poor prognosis have been investigated: metastatic melanoma and pancreatic cancer. Both tumour models exposed to PALM rich in H2O2 showed a reduction in proliferation and an increase in calreticulin exposure and ATP release, suggesting the potential use of activated media as an inducer of immunogenic cell death via activation of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Azzariti
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Fonte
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Gristina
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Pietro Favia
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Francesco Fracassi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro Via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trizio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro Via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs -University of Bari Aldo Moro via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Eloisa Sardella
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy.
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Mechanisms and immunogenicity of nsPEF-induced cell death in B16F10 melanoma tumors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:431. [PMID: 30674926 PMCID: PMC6344591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data indicates that some cancer treatments can restore anticancer immunosurveillance through the induction of tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD). Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) have been shown to efficiently ablate melanoma tumors. In this study we investigated the mechanisms and immunogenicity of nsPEF-induced cell death in B16F10 melanoma tumors. Our data show that in vitro nsPEF (20–200, 200-ns pulses, 7 kV/cm, 2 Hz) caused a rapid dose-dependent cell death which was not accompanied by caspase activation or PARP cleavage. The lack of nsPEF-induced apoptosis was confirmed in vivo in B16F10 tumors. NsPEF also failed to trigger ICD-linked responses such as necroptosis and autophagy. Our results point at necrosis as the primary mechanism of cell death induced by nsPEF in B16F10 cells. We finally compared the antitumor immunity in animals treated with nsPEF (750, 200-ns, 25 kV/cm, 2 Hz) with animals were tumors were surgically removed. Compared to the naïve group where all animals developed tumors, nsPEF and surgery protected 33% (6/18) and 28.6% (4/14) of the animals, respectively. Our data suggest that, under our experimental conditions, the local ablation by nsPEF restored but did not boost the natural antitumor immunity which stays dormant in the tumor-bearing host.
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Hu X, Qiu Z, Zeng J, Xiao T, Ke Z, Lyu H. A novel long non-coding RNA, AC012456.4, as a valuable and independent prognostic biomarker of survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5307. [PMID: 30128179 PMCID: PMC6095106 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major malignant cancer of the head and neck. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators during the development and progression of cancers. This study aimed to identify a lncRNA-related signature with prognostic value for evaluating survival outcomes and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of OSCC. Associations between overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and candidate lncRNAs were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. The robustness of the prognostic significance was shown via the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 2,493 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between OSCC and control samples (fold change >2, p < 0.05). We used Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to identify 21 lncRNAs for which the expression levels were associated with OS and DFS of OSCC patients (p < 0.05) and found that down-expression of lncRNA AC012456.4 especially contributed to poor DFS (p = 0.00828) and OS (p = 0.00987). Furthermore, decreased expression of AC012456.4 was identified as an independent prognostic risk factor through multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses (DFS: p = 0.004, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.600, 95% confidence interval(CI) [0.423–0.851]; OS: p = 0.002, HR = 0.672, 95% CI [0.523–0.863). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that lncRNA AC012456.4 were significantly enriched in critical biological functions and pathways and was correlated with tumorigenesis, such as regulation of cell activation, and the JAK-STAT and MAPK signal pathway. Overall, these findings were the first to evidence that AC012456.4 may be an important novel molecular target with great clinical value as a diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic biomarker for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Hu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zailing Qiu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianchai Zeng
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Ke
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Lyu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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