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Stojšin D, Vertuan H, Meng C, Effertz R, Jose M, Mahadeo D, Crivellari A, Hu C, Berger G. Plant characterization of insect-protected soybean. Transgenic Res 2024:10.1007/s11248-024-00391-z. [PMID: 38902591 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Insect-protected soybean (SIP) that produces the Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 insecticidal crystal proteins has been developed to provide protection from feeding damage caused by targeted lepidopteran insect pests. Typically, as part of environmental risk assessment (ERA), plant characterization is conducted, and the data submitted to regulatory agencies prior to commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops. The objectives of this research were to: (a) compare soybean with and without the SIP trait in plant characterization field trials designed to fulfill requirements for submissions to global regulatory agencies and address China-specific considerations and (b) compare risk assessment conclusions across regions and the methodologies used in the field trials. The soybean with and without the SIP trait in temperate, tropical, and subtropical germplasm were planted in replicated multi-location trials in the USA (in 2012 and 2018) and Brazil (in 2013/2014 and 2017/2018). Agronomic, phenotypic, plant competitiveness, and survival characteristics were assessed for soybean entries with and without the SIP trait. Regardless of genetic background, growing region, season, or testing methodology, the risk assessment conclusions were the same: the evaluated insect-protected soybean did not differ from conventional soybean in evaluated agronomic, phenotypic, competitiveness, and survival characteristics indicating no change in plant pest/weed potential. These results reinforce the concept of data transportability across global regions, different seasons, germplasm, and methodologies that should be considered when assessing environmental risks of GM crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chen Meng
- Bayer Crop Science, St. Louis, MO, USA
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2
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Huang J, Li G, Liu B, Gao Y, Wu K, Feng H. Field evaluation the effect of two transgenic Bt maize events on predatory arthropods in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region of China. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:398-405. [PMID: 38513706 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
To illustrate the impact of genetically modified (GM) Bt maize on the natural enemy communities in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region in China, the abundance of 7 common predator taxa (Geocoris pallidipennis Costa, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), lacewings, Orius sauteri (Poppius), Propylea japonica (Thunberg), spiders, and Staphylinidae) was quantitatively evaluated by comparing Bt-Cry1Ab DBN9936 and Bt-Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj Ruifeng 125 events to their near non-Bt isolines during the growing season from 2016 to 2019. A total of 10,302, 19,793, 13,536, and 5,672 individuals were observed during 4 years, and the abundance of each taxa on Bt maize varied between sample dates among those arthropod taxa. Shannon-Wiener diversity index of predator communities from 7 taxa showed very similar temporal dynamics and principal response curve analyses to examine community-level effects showed no significant differences in predator abundance in Bt maize compared with non-Bt maize. We conclude that the 2 Bt maize hybrids did not adversely affect the predator community in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongqiang Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, China
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3
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Soares D, Vertuan H, Bacalhau F, José M, Crivellari A, Belchior GG, Berger GU. Genetically modified crops do not present variations in pollen viability and morphology when compared to their conventional counterparts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285079. [PMID: 37126533 PMCID: PMC10150986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern agricultural biotechnologies, such as those derived from genetic modification, are solutions that can enable an increase in food production, lead to more efficient use of natural resources, and promote environmental impact reduction. Crops with altered genetic materials have been extensively subjected to safety assessments to fulfill regulatory requirements prior to commercialization. The Brazilian National Technical Biosafety Commission (CTNBio) provides provisions for commercial release of transgenic crops in Brazil, including requiring information on pollen dispersion ability as part of environmental risk assessment, which includes pollen viability and morphology studies. Here we present the pollen viability and morphology of non-transgenic conventional materials, single-event genetically modified (GM) products, and stacked GM products from soybean, maize and cotton cultivated in Brazil. Microscopical observation of stained pollen grain was conducted to determine the percentage of pollen viability as well as pollen morphology, which is assessed by measuring pollen grain diameter. The pollen viability and diameter of GM soybean, maize and cotton, evaluated across a number of GM events in each crop, were similar to the conventional non-GM counterparts. Pollen characterization data contributed to the detailed phenotypic description of GM crops, supporting the conclusion that the studied events were not fundamentally different from the conventional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Soares
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcia José
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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4
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Amin MR, Oh S, Afrose M, Park SY, Yun DW, Ryu TH, Lee SK, Ha K, Bae E, Kang S, Kim CG, Eun CU, Kim YK, Kim M, Kim D, Kim D, Suh SJ. Influence of Genetically Modified Soybean Expressing Epidermal Growth Factor on Arthropod Biodiversity. GM CROPS & FOOD 2022; 13:299-308. [DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2141016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ruhul Amin
- Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Sung‐Dug Oh
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Mansura Afrose
- Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Doh-Won Yun
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Ryu
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seong-Kon Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kihun Ha
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eunji Bae
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sera Kang
- Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chang Uk Eun
- School of Applied Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young-Kun Kim
- School of Applied Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Minwook Kim
- School of Applied Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dongmin Kim
- School of Applied Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Donguk Kim
- School of Applied Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Jae Suh
- School of Applied Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Graduate School of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Daegu, Korea
- Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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5
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Chen D, Moar WJ, Jerga A, Gowda A, Milligan JS, Bretsynder EC, Rydel TJ, Baum JA, Semeao A, Fu X, Guzov V, Gabbert K, Head GP, Haas JA. Bacillus thuringiensis chimeric proteins Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 to control soybean lepidopteran pests: New domain combinations enhance insecticidal spectrum of activity and novel receptor contributions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249150. [PMID: 34138865 PMCID: PMC8211277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new chimeric Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins, Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2, were constructed using specific domains, which provide insecticidal activity against key lepidopteran soybean pests while minimizing receptor overlaps between themselves, current, and soon to be commercialized plant incorporated protectants (PIP's) in soybean. Results from insect diet bioassays demonstrate that the recombinant Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 are toxic to soybean looper (SBL) Chrysodeixis includens Walker, velvetbean caterpillar (VBC) Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, southern armyworm (SAW) Spodoptera eridania, and black armyworm (BLAW) Spodoptera cosmioides with LC50 values < 3,448 ng/cm2. Cry1B.2 is of moderate activity with significant mortality and stunting at > 3,448 ng/cm2, while Cry1A.2 lacks toxicity against old-world bollworm (OWB) Helicoverpa armigera. Results from disabled insecticidal protein (DIP) bioassays suggest that receptor utilization of Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 proteins are distinct from each other and from current, and yet to be commercially available, Bt proteins in soy such as Cry1Ac, Cry1A.105, Cry1F.842, Cry2Ab2 and Vip3A. However, as Cry1A.2 contains a domain common to at least one commercial soybean Bt protein, resistance to this common domain in a current commercial soybean Bt protein could possibly confer at least partial cross resistance to Cry1A2. Therefore, Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 should provide two new tools for controlling many of the major soybean insect pests described above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Chen
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William J. Moar
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Agoston Jerga
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Anilkumar Gowda
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jason S. Milligan
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Timothy J. Rydel
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James A. Baum
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Altair Semeao
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Xiaoran Fu
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Victor Guzov
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Karen Gabbert
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Graham P. Head
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Haas
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
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6
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Marques LH, Lepping M, Castro BA, Santos AC, Rossetto J, Nunes MZ, Silva OABN, Moscardini VF, de Sá VGM, Nowatzki T, Dahmer ML, Gontijo PC. Field efficacy of Bt cotton containing events DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 against lepidopteran pests and impact on the non-target arthropod community in Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251134. [PMID: 33945577 PMCID: PMC8096009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and non-target arthropod effects of transgenic DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 Bt cotton, expressing proteins Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3Aa19, was examined through field trials in Brazil. Fifteen field efficacy experiments were conducted from 2014 through the 2020 growing season across six different states in Brazil to evaluate performance against key lepidopteran pests through artificial infestations of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith,1797), Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) and Chloridea virescens (F., 1781), and natural infestations of Alabama argillacea (Hübner) and S. frugiperda. The impact of this Bt cotton technology on the non-target arthropod community in Brazilian cotton production systems was also assessed in a multi-site experiment. DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton significantly reduced the feeding damage caused by S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, C. includens, C. virescens and A. argillacea, causing high levels of mortality (greater than 99%) to all target lepidopteran pests evaluated during vegetative and/or reproductive stages of crop development. Non-target arthropod community-level analyses confirmed no unintended effects on the arthropod groups monitored. These results demonstrate the value of transgenic Bt cotton containing event DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 for consideration as part of an integrated approach for managing key lepidopteran pests in Brazilian cotton production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miles Lepping
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Boris A. Castro
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark L. Dahmer
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Pablo C. Gontijo
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
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Dessoky ES, Ismail RM, Elarabi NI, Abdelhadi AA, Abdallah NA. Improvement of sugarcane for borer resistance using Agrobacterium mediated transformation of cry1Ac gene. GM CROPS & FOOD 2021; 12:47-56. [PMID: 32862762 PMCID: PMC7595610 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2020.1809318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The sugarcane (Saccharum X officinarum) is one of the most important crops used to produce sugar and raw material for biofuel in the world. One of the main causes for sucrose content and yield losses is the attack by insect. In this investigation, cry1Ac gene was introduced into sugarcane variety GT54-9(C9) using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation method for transgenic sugarcane production presenting insect-resistance. The A. tumefaciens strain GV1303 including pARTcry1Ac vector was used for the production of transformed sugarcane. The Bacillus thuringiensis cry gene were successfully used to produce transgenic plants used for the improvement of both agronomic efficiency and product quality by acquiring insect resistance. PCR and Southern hybridization techniques were used to confirm the cry1Ac gene incorporation into sugarcane genome. Transformation percentage was 22.2% using PCR analysis with specific primers for cry1Ac and npt-II (Neomycin phosphotransferase) genes. The expression of cry1Ac gene was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), QuickStix test, and insect bioassays. Bioassays for transformed sugarcane plants showed high level of toxicity to Sesamia cretica giving 100% mortality of the larvae. Sugarcane insect resistance was improved significantly by using cry1Ac gene transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldessoky S Dessoky
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University , Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,, Plant Genetic Transformation Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC) , Giza, Egypt
| | - Roba M Ismail
- , Plant Genetic Transformation Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC) , Giza, Egypt
| | - Nagwa I Elarabi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Genetics Department, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Naglaa A Abdallah
- Faculty of Agriculture, Genetics Department, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
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8
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Rabelo MM, Matos JML, Orozco-Restrepo SM, Paula-Moraes SV, Pereira EJG. Like Parents, Like Offspring? Susceptibility to Bt Toxins, Development on Dual-Gene Bt Cotton, and Parental Effect of Cry1Ac on a Nontarget Lepidopteran Pest. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1234-1242. [PMID: 32221528 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An important step to devise appropriate pest management strategies for armyworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) crops is to determine the lethal, sublethal, and parental effects of Bt toxins on target and nontarget pest species. Here we documented the susceptibility of black armyworm, Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker), to three Cry toxins and its life-history traits feeding on dual-toxin Bt cotton and an artificial diet containing sublethal concentrations of Cry1Ac. In concentration-response bioassays, black armyworm larvae showed low susceptibility to Cry toxins, with 853 ng/cm2 as the lowest value estimated for the median lethal concentration (LC50). The decreasing rank of toxicity was Cry1F, Cry2Aa, and Cry1Ac. Foliage of dual-toxin Bt cotton varieties (Cry1Ac + Cry1F and Cry1Ab + Cry2Ae) caused higher larval mortality than Cry1Ac-expressing cotton. Black armyworms showed reduced larval weight when growing on the Cry1Ac-treated diet, yet they reached adulthood and produced offspring. Interestingly, these larvae were grown on the control diet and showed reduced weight gain associated with the toxin exposure of the previous generation, indicating a parental effect of the exposure to Cy1Ac. The reduced larval weight was recovered in later instars, and there was no significant change in the population fitness of the parental armyworms or their offspring. To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting the parental effects of Bt toxins in insects. These results advance our understanding of potential responses of nontarget species when exposed to Bt toxins and contribute to design pest management programs for armyworms and other nontarget lepidopteran species exposed to Bt crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo M Rabelo
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- West Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Jay, FL
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - João Marcus L Matos
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvana M Orozco-Restrepo
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvana V Paula-Moraes
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- West Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Jay, FL
| | - Eliseu José G Pereira
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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9
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Jose M, Vertuan H, Soares D, Sordi D, Bellini LF, Kotsubo R, Berger GU. Comparing agronomic and phenotypic plant characteristics between single and stacked events in soybean, maize, and cotton. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231733. [PMID: 32339186 PMCID: PMC7185713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops are one of the most valuable tools of modern biotechnology that secure yield potential needed to sustain the global agricultural demands for food, feed, fiber, and energy. Crossing single GM events through conventional breeding has proven to be an effective way to pyramid GM traits from individual events and increase yield protection in the resulting combined products. Even though years of research and commercialization of GM crops show that these organisms are safe and raise no additional biosafety concerns, some regulatory agencies still require risk assessments for these products. We sought out to investigate whether stacking single GM events would have a significant impact on agronomic and phenotypic plant characteristics in soybean, maize, and cotton. Several replicated field trials designed as randomized complete blocks were conducted by Monsanto Regulatory Department from 2008 to 2017 in field sites representative of cultivation regions in Brazil. In total, twenty-one single and stacked GM materials currently approved for in-country commercial use were grown with the corresponding conventional counterparts and commercially available GM/non-GM references. The generated data were presented to the Brazilian regulatory agency CTNBio (National Biosafety Technical Committee) over the years to request regulatory approvals for the single and stacked products, in compliance with the existing normatives. Data was submitted to analysis of variance and differences between GM and control materials were assessed using t-test with a 5% significance level. Data indicated the predominance of similarities and neglectable differences between single and stacked GM crops when compared to conventional counterpart. Our results support the conclusion that combining GM events through conventional breeding does not alter agronomic or phenotypic plant characteristics in these stacked crops. This is compatible with a growing weight of evidence that indicates this long-adopted strategy does not increase the risks associated with GM materials. It also provides evidence to support the review and modernization of the existing regulatory normatives to no longer require additional risk assessments of GM stacks comprised of previously approved single events for biotechnology-derived crops. The data analyzed confirms that the risk assessment of the individual events is sufficient to demonstrate the safety of the stacked products, which deliver significant benefits to growers and to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Jose
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science., São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Soares
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science., São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sordi
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science., São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Bellini
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science., São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Kotsubo
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science., São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Levine SL, Fridley JM, Uffman JP. Assessing the Potential for Interaction in Insecticidal Activity Between MON 87751 × MON 87701 Produced by Conventional Breeding. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:1241-1248. [PMID: 31260530 PMCID: PMC6766477 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyramiding (combining) of plant incorporated protectants (PIPs) with insecticidal activity in genetically engineered crops is a strategy used to improve efficacy as well as delay potential resistance for a specific group of targets. In some countries, a regulatory risk assessment is required for breeding "stacks" expressing multiple PIPs and these countries may require an assessment of potential interaction among the PIPs. This study evaluated whether combining soybean events MON 87551 and MON 87701 results in a toxicological interaction that effects a species that is controlled by each event. MON 87751 coexpresses the Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins and MON 87701 expresses the Cry1Ac protein. EC50 values for MON 87751 and MON 87701 were comparable in diet-incorporation bioassays using corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Helicoverpa zea) and the observed combined activity of the stack was consistent with predictions of additivity (i.e., no interaction). Under the concentration and response addition models, predicted and observed median effect levels differed by <10%. These results demonstrate independent action at the median effect level between the insecticidal activity of MON 87751 and MON 87701. Taken together, no interaction between these PIPs and acceptable margins of safety for the individual proteins to nontarget organisms, it is appropriate to bridge back to the risk assessments for the individual products that demonstrated environmental safety of stack products containing both MON 87751 and MON 87701.
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11
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Huang CW, Chen WJ, Ke X, Li Y, Luan YX. A multi-generational risk assessment of Cry1F on the non-target soil organism Folsomia candida (Collembola) based on whole transcriptome profiling. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6924. [PMID: 31123641 PMCID: PMC6512762 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1F has been used to develop insect-resistant genetically engineered crops. There has been great interest in evaluating its potential risk to non-target organisms (NTOs). However, the majority of previous risk assessments only examined one generation of NTOs using several physiological indicators, which cannot comprehensively detect some potential sub-lethal effects at the molecular level. In this study, we conducted a laboratory-based, multi-generational risk assessment of Cry1F for the collembolan Folsomia candida, an important representative of soil arthropods in terms of survival, reproduction, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from whole transcriptome profiles. Our results demonstrated that Cry1F was continuously ingested by collembolans over three consecutive generations, but it did not affect the survival or reproduction of F. candida. There were no significant differences in the global gene expression between F. candida—fed diets with and without Cry1F, and no consistent co-expressed DEGs over three generations. In addition, Cry1F did not obviously alter the expression profiles of seven sensitive biological markers. Our composite data indicates that Cry1F had no long-term harmful effects on collembolan F. candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Xia Luan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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